September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34057 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS picked up, the driver calls a Clarksburg Frazier, Francis. HARRISON COUNTY EMERGENCY Fultz, Bob, mechanic. SQUAD PROVIDES VALUABLE hospital to alert them of the patient's Fultz, Walter, office supervisor. SERVICE-50,000 MAN -HOURS OF name, complaint, nature of illness and Furner, Charles, salesman. VOLUNTEER SERVICE PROVIDED- the name of the patient's family doctor. Gawthrop, James. 4,997 CALLS ANSWERED IN 1970 Through this vital communication, the George, Bill, salesman. hospital stands ready to provide immedi­ Godfrey, Richard, glass worker. ate treatment when the patient arrives. Godfrey, Ronald. The two hospitals in Clarksburg have Gonsorcik, Bill. HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH Gonzalez, Joe, newspaper reporter. OF WEST VIRGINIA merged into one unit, the United Hospi­ Greathouse, Ancel. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tal Service and this facility cooperates Hammond, Bob. closely with the emergency squad and Hardman, Joseph, glass worker. Wednesday, September 29, 1971 has been a big factor in the success of Harman, Rev. 0. D., minister. Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, Har­ this program. Heaton, Bob. rison County, W. Va., in 1969 lost ambu­ Many local industries have first aid Held, Marc, self employed. trained personnel on duty which have Henline, Worder, foreman. lance service which was being provided Henning, Richard. by local funeral homes. been trained by members of the emer­ Hildreth, Dennis, Nat. Carbon Co. As a consequence, the Harrison County gency squad. Regular and advanced first Hyatt, James, glass worker. Emergency Squad was formed and is the aid classes are taught by the squad and Hyre, Bob. only all-volunteer ambulance and emer­ are available to the public without cost. Jacobs, Jackson. gency service in Harrison and surround­ Following is a roster of active mem­ Jacobs, Leo. ing counties. It was formed to provide Jeffries, James. bers: Jenkins, Thomas. only emergency service but since there ACTIVE MEMBERS, AUGUST 1, 1971-HARRISON Jenkins, Luther, carpet installer. was no ambulance service the group felt COUNTY EMERGENCY SQUAD Johnston, Charles, mold maker. morally obligated to furnish this service Alford, Franklin, Armed Forces. Joseph, Bernard. also. It is provided at a nominal cost to Aley, Burt, retired. Kane, Daniel, student. those using the service, not to the tax­ Allen, steve, retired. Kelly, John, salesman. payers of Harrison County. Ames, Donley, glass worker. Kennedy, John, glass worker. The emergency squad furnishes more Annia, Frank, glass worker. Kerns, Elizie. Armistead, Jess, glass worker. Lanham, Fred, county employee. than 90 percent of the emergency and Armistead, Jim, glass worker. Lasko, Casey. ambulance service in the county. The Barberio, Nick, broker. Lawson, Jack, glass worker. Bridgeport Fire Department answers ap­ Bartlett, Boyd, mold maker. Lawson, Jack Jr. proximately 50 calls monthly in Bridge­ Bates, Bob, truck driver. Lawson, John. port, but will respond to any section of Bell, Coy, glass worker. Latz, Joe. the county when asked by the emergency Belotte, Anthony, retired. LeMasters, Wayne, electrician. Bird, George, student. Lindsay, Russell, carpenter. squad. Marshall, Robert, salesman. Linn, Carl, glass worker. Approximately 15 coal companies in Bode, Nolan, glass worker. Lones, Wayne, Xerox-salesman. the area are able to comply with the Bond, Steve, student. Looker, Harry, highway inspector. Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Bowen, Bob, bus driver. Lash, Jerry, student. Act because the squad has signed letters Brooks, Earl, hospital employee. Losh, Winfred, retired. of intent to furnish emergency ambu­ Brown, Mike, student. Lough, James. lance service. Bryan, Fred, computer programmer. Lowther, Jerry, welder. Bumgardner, laborer. McCallum, Gerald. The squad is unique in that it is per­ Burkhammer, Hobart, electronic tech. McClain, Worthy, quality control. haps the first of its kind in the United Buzzard, Charles, glass worker. McCue, Paul, glass worker. States to operate independently of fire Byrd, Bob, retired. McDaniel, Neil. departments and other related organiza­ Carr, Bob, V.W. service mgr. Mcintyre, Art, glass worker. tions-and still remain entirely all vol­ Casto, Andy, mine inspector. Mcintyre, Mike. unteer. Casto, Bert, newspaper. McNemar, Earl. The citizens of Harrison County have Casto, Jack, newspaper. Malcomb, Arthur, ins. salesman. Caynor, Larry, student. Marcurella, Ed. responded to this excellent service with Caynor, Woody, production assembly. Marozzi, Gary. enthusiasm. I am doubly pleased of this Cockerell, Steve, newspaper. Martin, Paul, glass worker. fact because I am a native of Harrison Colling, Buck, mold maker. Matko, Frank, glass worker. County. Coltrane, Jim, salesman. Maxwell, John, retired. A new headquarters building housing a Cottrill, Delbert, Nat. Carbon Co. Mayes, Melvin, highway inspector. four-stall garage, equipment area, two Craig, Bill, laborer. Merryman, Jack, salesman. Crawford, Dick, student. Mihallak, Joe. bathrooms, kitchen, supply room, class­ Cross, Greg, student. Moline, Fred. room, bunkroom, recreation room, office Crayton, Ray, eire. mgr. newspaper. Moore, Sam. and modern communications network, Crislip, Fred. Moore, B111, foreman. was erected at a cost of $50,000 paid en­ Criss, David, glass worker. Morris, Charles. tirely by private donations. Cunningham, George, salesman. Morton, John F., production. Appropriated funds from the city of Currey, David, student. Musgrave, Paul. Clarksburg and the Harrison County Daniels, Glenn, glass worker. Nuzum, Ronald, insurance adjuster. Dean, Charles. Owens, Rick. court, costing each resident about 45 Dean, Denver. Palmer, Ray. cents per year, are used only for opera­ Devericks, Charles. Payne, Jerry. tional expenses. New equipment includ­ Douglas, Lawrence. Peck, Bernard, bank maintenance. ing cars, litters, special lights, oxygen Drummond, Shafter. Perkins, Howard, retired. tanks, and so forth, are purchased with Ellison, Paul, P & R Department of High- Pollng, Gary, school teacher. donations and money earned through ways. Posey, Dale, glass worker. ambulance service operations. Estep, Blll, hospital employee. Post, Charles, serv sta mgr. Estep, Gerald, gla.ss worker. Powell, Richard. Operating four vehicles with a capac­ Ferrell, Harry. Pratt, Frank. ity of 10 persons, this dedicated public Fergerson, John, student. Prunty, John. service group answered 4,997 calls in Fincham, Albert. Pulice, Blll, insurance agent. 1970, with 200 active members providing Fitzpatrick, Marlin, glass worker. Pulice, Ronald, auto service mgr. nearly 50,000 man-hours of volunteer Fritto, Carl, glass worker. Rector, Bill, glass worker. service. Fontaine, Jack, student. Reed, Austin, insurance agent. When calls for emergency service are Forinash, Burley, glass worker. Reed, B111, glass worker. answered and the patient treated and Frazier, Bernard. Reed, Lester, gla.ss worker. 34058 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 Reid, Mark. I am honored to call myself your "fellow pursue those human goals without recourse Rexroad, Joseph. student" since I am stlll learning. As you to armed revolution. Reynolds, Paul, glass worker-consta.ble. learn and grow, I hope to be taught by many The U.S. Constitution enshrines many Riffie, Mike, glass worker. of you since we can all learn from each other. basic principles for the American people. The Riffee, Walter, Lockheed corp. Just ten years ago, our martyred young idea of popular sovereignty, "That Govern­ Rowh, Mike, student. President, John F. Kennedy, spoke words ments derive their just powers from the Rucker, Jim. which are as true and relevant today as they consent of the governed," is of primary im­ Scheifer, Martin, retired. were on that occasion. He said, "Let the word portance. That people should choose their Schlicker, Jacob, gl8iss worker. go forth from this time and place, to friend own representatives; that personal rights Second, James, project inspector. and foe alike, that the torch has been passed must be secured; that Government should Shaw, Dave, glass worker. to a new generation of Americans-born in be limited; and that powers may be divided Shellhammer, R. T., glass worker. this century, tempered by war, disciplined by between state and Federal Governments, are Shellhammer, Paul, glass worker. a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient also important principles. Shields, Carney, glass worker. heritage ...." The right to govern comes from the peo­ Shingleton, James, self employed. Now, as then, and as frequently in the ple, and the Constitution is an evidence that Shingleton, Ted, retired. past-rededication to the same ideals o'f con­ they in turn give powers to a Government. Smith, Kennith, stock room. tinuing struggle for the success and survival The Constitution is the supreme law of the Snyder, Bill, salesman. of liberty is crucial. This is a struggle which land, and as such its powers and limita­ Snyder, John, salesman. cannot be finished in the first one hundred or tions must bind the Government in the Sprouse, Barry, student. one thousand days, nor perhaps within our people's interests. Stout, Scott. lifetime. Nevertheless, the torch was passed, As time has passed in America, the distance Summers, Donald, mold maker. and the charge was sent forth, that all Amer­ between the people and their government Summers, Leo, coal miner. icans should begin a rededicated struggle has increased as fast as our population has Summers, Tom, premed student. toward upholding the principles of freedom grown And that ever-widening separation Swiger, James. and democracy. has made it more and more difficult for peo­ Talarico, Frank. This struggle was begun, but not finished ple to t:;et to{!ether to solve their problems­ Talkington, Cletus. in the lifetime of the President who uttered to eliminate the gaps between generations Talkington, Clifford, Sr., self employed those words that cold day in our city. and races. Talkington, Clifford, Jr. And, today, more than ten years later, we The concepts of citizenship and self-gov­ Thomas, Jeff. can truly begin to realize the grave challenge ernment have little meaning to a man who Toryak, Steve, Clarksburg policeman. and the magnitude of those words. The tur­ cannot find a job, receive adequate medical Trent, Jimmie, foreman. moil and the dangers of our times are all care, or buy a decent home. They have little Trotter, George. about us, threatening to devour our many meaning to a man whose taxes pay a farmer Trupo, Louls. freedoms and our sacred way of life. not to grow crops when he cannot get Van Court, BUl, foreman glass company. In this moment of turmoil and challenge, enough food for his family. Vasquez, Jess, construction worker. it is wise for us to ponder upon that torch The guarantees of the Constitution are Walls, Bobby, glass worker. and that heritage which has been passed on questioned by the hundreds of thousands of Westfall, Victor, mecham.ic. to us. I commend the Citizenship Commit­ District of Columbia residents whose rela­ Wl11la.ms, LeRoy. tee for the District of Columbia, for its ef­ tionship to their government is that of ten­ Wine, Dave. forts in making this program possible, so ants to an absentee landlord. that we might rededicate ourselves and our Almost 200 years after the revolutionary lives to the fulfillment of the American war, "Vashington, D.C. is a colony of absentee "CONSTITUTION DAY'' ADDRESS BY dream as embodied in the Constitution. And, rule, the American people lack a direct voice DR. WILLIAM J. WASHINGTON, I am grateful for the privilege of taking part in the election of their President, mUlions JR. in this program. of citizens are disenfranchised, and some We should remember that brave Ameri­ Americans are more equal than others. cans-young and old-Black and white-­ Our brother, Rev. Martin Luther King., Jr., HON. JAMES A. BURKE down through the history of our nation, believed in the goal of equality for all men­ OF MASSACHUSETTS have faced similar challenges. We should believed in freedom. He had a dream-and I think of the great challenge which faced share that dream-that all men are indeed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those men on Lexington Green, 195 years created equal-and we must all share in the Wednesday, September 29, 1971 ago, as the first blood of American freedom happiness and greatness that the Constitu­ was shed. Contemplate the thoughts of those tion promises! Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. ragged, emaciated mortals at Valley Forge The most important element in the great­ Speaker, on September 17, 1971, the 184th during the winter of 1777, as death and des­ n ess of this nation is in its people. They have anniversary of the signing of the U.S. pair lurked in the darkness and the bitter made it what it is; they must determine what Constitution, Dr. William A. Washing­ winds. Think of the tremendous pain, anx­ it wlll be. We must in this hour and in the ton, Jr., was the featured speaker at the iety and doubt in the hearts of thousands future remember that the torch of life has of Americans who have faced the same been passed into your hands, the youth and traditional celebration sponsored by the questions which you and I face today. The future leaders of this city, the Nation's Citizenship Day Committee of the Dis­ torch that led them through the long nights Capital. The burden of defending it and the trict of Columbia, under the chairman­ of perU was their fervent belief in democ­ principles in which we believe, has now ship of A. Leo Anderson, Director of the racy, and a sincere willingness to die for that fallen upon us. "We the people," under our District's Veterans' Affairs Administra­ freedom. democratic government, which means each tion. As the first American colonist fired that of you, must continue to strive for the high~ Dr. Washington, born in Alabama in first shot for freedom 195 years ago, the shot est goals of mankind; freedom, justice and 1924, attended Talladega College in Ala­ heard "round the world," he also kindled truth. You must accept the duties and the into life the bright flame of freedom and responsibilities of Americanism. You must bama and received his M.D. degree at democracy, which shines brightly wherever daily strengthen your faith in those prin­ Howard University School of Medicine in men yearn to be free. ciples of liberty and equality for which 1948. He served as flight surgeon for the The basis for that torch of llfe is the America stands. You must strive to maintain U.S. Air Force for Japan, Korea, and the faith, hope and commitment expressed in eternal vigilance against those forces which United States from 1951 to 1953. From The United States Constitution. Conceived seek to overcome you. In doing so, you wtll 1953 to 1955 he was assistant resident, and written 184 years ago-in a time of un­ often be confronted with great challenges, internal medicine at Freedman's Hospi­ rest, alarm, skepticism and criticism by a for freedom is not easily won, not easily kept. tal, after which he served in many ca­ group of men trying deligently to organ ize a The road ahead may be bitter, dark and government in a new land-it has endured weary, but the goal of freedom, is the most pacities in the District of Columbia gov­ the pains of growth, war, destruction and priceless and cherished possession of man­ ernment culminating with his appoint­ opposition which have plagued it. As many kind. It is worthy of our dedication. ment as associate director, Department other aspects of our country have changed From Lexington and Valley Forge, down the of Human Resources for Hospital and and expanded almost beyond our compre­ long path of this great nation, young Ameri­ Medical Care Programs. hension, this stalwart document has re­ cans have had to make the decision whether I would like to include here Dr. Wash­ mained basically as it was, with but 26 our freedom was worth their very effort. ington's speech given on Constitution amendments. Today, each of us is confronted with a simi­ The Constitution has never been a magic lar decision and challenge. That supreme Day: wand by which to conjure up self-govern­ decision lies within the hands of each of us, ADDRESS ON "CONSTITUTION DAY" ment. It is a human institution, dependent and the fate of our nation and of our people Mr. Anderson, Principal Liggins, Reverend on people to make it work. rests upon how we make that decision. Clergy, Platform guests, Student Council The Constitution has never guaranteed I would like to continue that charge from President Mingo, Fellow Students, Ladles and peace, tranquillty, and happiness. It only President Kennedy and from Rev. Martin Gentlemen: offers the opportunity for the citizens to Luther King, Jr., that each of us try to bring September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34059 the Constitution into a fuller and richer possible for the Individual state to receive One of the truly phenomenal institutions reality in this day and in our time. royalties of 10 to 50 per cent generated by in our free enterprise system. and it Is true The torch has been passed into your hands. the public sale of the medals, for use in In no other Nation except ours, Is the service Can you live up to your challenge? You can, supporting other state Bicentennial pro­ of the filling station operators. Not long ago I believe, if you rekindle the spirit of patriot­ grams. A conservative estimate of the royal­ I drove up to a service station and a bright­ ism and the concepts of Americanism ties likely to be generated for distribution eyed, handsome, young teenage fellow came throughout your community and throughout among participating State Bicentennial out to walt on my car. He put in the gas, our nation. Commissions, Segel said, would be one mil­ washed off the windshield, rubbed off the I thank you for allowing me to share this lion dollars, with the potential being con­ front headlights, rubbed the windows, and day with you. siderably higher. since I was a bit impatient. when I got my The fifty state competitions, to run con­ credit card back I started to drive away. He currently, are scheduled to open 1n January was at the back rubbing the rear window 1972 and close on March 31, 1972. Segel said and said. "Walt, Mr. Rains, you might want he anticipated that first edition proofs of to see where you've been". Well, this was a BICENTENNIAL MEDAL COMPETI­ the complete 50-medal set would be avail­ passing statement with that young fellow. TION SET able by the end or September 1972. There but right now we're going to look briefly at would be later mint editions and possibly "where we've been". Just how did this Coun­ other editions sponsored by various states. try come Into being? And why? The people, HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER The elements of the program-the million our forefathers. were being persecuted in OF PENNSYLVANIA dollar Investment, the unique opportunity England. They were being denied the right afforded artists, the commemorative value of religious worship as they saw fit. They IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES of the completed medals, and the prospect were being punished by tyrannical kings, so Wednesday, September 29, 1971 of substantial royalties for use in other they came to these shores looking for homes Bicentennial activities-makes it the most and religious freedom. One of the first docu­ Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, a bi­ significant and far-reaching act of support ments ever drawn in America was the May­ centennial medal design competition to and commitment to the Bicentennial made flower Compact in which they said that our be conducted throughout the 50 States by private enterprise to date. mission in America is to establish a home and and run simultaneously has recently been to serve God. Actually then, this Country of announced by the Franklin Mint, of ours was founded on faith in God. Pennsylvania. The total prizes for the ADDRESS BY FORMER CONGRESS­ Not long ago one afternoon at Friendship competition will be $500,000 and the com­ MAN ALBERT RAINS Airport outside Baltimore. I decided to get a pany has budgeted an additional $500,- cab and drive out and see Fort McHenry. Fort McHenry is just outside the city of 000 to publicize the competition and the HON. TOM BEVILL Baltimore and overlooks beautiful Chesa­ medals series. I am pleased to note this OF ALABAMA peake Bay. September 13 and 14 in 1814, the support for the bicentennial on the part British began the bombardment at Fort Mc­ of private enterprise and feel that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Henry. They had already invaded our Nation's competition sponsored by this Pennsyl­ Wedn-esday, September 29, 1971 Capitol, and had burned the White House. Now they were about to assault Fort Mc­ vania firm will be of interest to many Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, recently I groups and individuals throughout the Henry, one of our strongest forts. A young obtained a copy of an address by my good lawyer by the name of Francis Scott Key country. friend, former Congressman Albert whose home was in Georgetown, had heard An article describing the competition Rains, of Gadsden, Ala. Congressman that a young friend of his had been captured was recently published in the USA-200 Rains gave this talk on June 27, 1971, at by the British and was a prisoner on a Brit­ Newsletter of the Bicentennial Service the First Baptist Church of Gadsden. I Ish warship in Chesapeake Bay. Young Key Corporation. I ask unanimous consent was so struck by its timeliness, sincerity, went down to intercede with the admiral of that the article be printed in the RECORD. the British fleet to see if be could get there­ and eloquence that I wanted to share it lease of his friend. He got the release of his There being no objection, the article with my colleagues in the House. be ordered to be printed in the RECORD, friend, but the British, not wanting to give In these times when many of us are away their intention of a secret attack on as follows: confused by the actions of many of our Fort McHenry, kept Francis Scott Key and his BICENTENNIAL MEDAL COMPETITION SET young people and at a loss as to how to friend overnight on the admiral's flagship. A competition for the designing of Bicen­ communicate with them, Congressman All during the night, the bombardment went tennial commemorative medals in all 50 Rains has pointed out some old and valu­ on and It was the next morning that Francis states, with prizes totalling $500,000, was able truths. I believe it would do us all Scott Key wrote the immortal lines of the announced August 11th by the Franklin Star Spangled Banner. Mint, world's largest private mint. The an­ a lot of good to reftect on these truths. When I stood at that historic place on a nouncement was made by the president of The speech follows: hot and lonely July afternoon and looked the company, Joseph M. Segel, at the New ADDRESS BY ALBERT M. RAINS out across Chesapeake Bay, my mind went York City premiere of the new documentary King David reigned several thousand years back to the magnificent history of our great film, "Of Art and Minting." before the coming of Christ and was one of Country. I could see again the farmers fight­ Artists in each state will be invited to de­ the truly great kings of Israel. He, as you ing at Bunker Hlll: I could see again George sign a Bicentennial medal commemorating know, was the author of a great many of the Washington as he knelt to pray in the snow their state's contributions to the heritage of Psalms. David was a musician in his own at Valley Forge; I remembered Picketts brave the nation. There will be $10,000 in prize right. In fact, he was brought to the atten­ and ill-fated charge at Gettysburg; and the money for each state competition: first tion of King Saul through his talent as a time on the Fourth of July of 1933 when my prlze-$5,000, second prlze-$2,500, third musician. Seventy three of the Psalms were wife and I stood on the burning slopes at prlze-$1,500, fourth prize-$1,000. The total written by David. The 33rd Psalm, verse 12, Gettysburg when Franklin D. Roosevelt prize fund of $500,000 is the largest amount "Blessed Is the Nation Whose God is the lighted the eternal torch for peace In this ever offered in an art competition in the Lord" keys what I have to say today. Many Country. I llstened with memory's ear to the United States. long years after David lived, King Solomon roar of cannons and the crackle of machine Actually, the investment 1n the program by came to power in Israel. He was a wise and guns as the Marines stood at the Marne and the Franklin Mint will be at least one mil­ great king. In the Book of Proverbs 14:34, the Rainbow Division at the Battle of the lion dollars. In a telephone interview with Solomon sa.ld, "Righteous Exalteth a Nation; Argonne Forest; and then D-Day-the USA-200, Segel said the company has budg­ But Sin is a Reproach to Any People". mighty onslaught on the Normandy Beaches; eted an additional $500,000 for nationwide During the years that King David reigned, and then the seemingly endless suffering promotion and advertising in support of the Israel had Its ups and downs; Its victories, and sacrifices of our own on the heart-break 50 contests. its sufferings, its sorrows. its plagues; but al­ hills of Korea and In the muddy, steaming State Bicentennial Commission have been ways King David kept 1n touch with his Mas­ jungles and rice paddies of Viet Nam. I Invited to co-sponsor the competition in ter. There is no doubt but that the Bible point out that "our Nation didn't just hap­ each state, and Judging of the design en­ teaches, and that the Master teaches. we pen." That this Nation was founded upon a tries will be done by state panels in coop­ should have obedience to law and to order in faith in God. Our freedom and our liberty eration with a national advisory panel of our Country. was bought and paid for 1n "blood, sweat distinguished artists and art experts. In Today, with the Fourth of July fast ap­ and tears." states which eleot to cosponsor the program, proaching, the 195th birthday of our Inde­ For a period of more than 300 years in the the Franklin Mint will defer to the Gov­ pendence and freedom as a Nation, it seems history of Israel in which there was no Ruler, ernor or State Bicentennial Commission in to be altogether fitting and proper that we three times in the book of Judges there ap­ appointing a panel of judges. should look at our own Nation. We should pears a statement, "In Those Days There Under varying plans of endorsement or look at what has happened, where we are, Was No King In Israel And The People Did co-sponsoring, Segel told USA-200, It will be and where we ought to go. What They Thought Was Right." The re- 34060 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 suit was the same thing we see today in our the zenith of all of the blessings that God Georgia and I went down to the southern Country and in other Countries in the world. can bestow upon man. Greater even than part of the State. At dusk I drove along a By any measurement we want to use, we life itself because without liberty, mankind winding, dusty road, up a hill to the humble are a Nation in trouble,-sick in spLrit, aim­ becomes nothing but an animal-allowed home of a friend of mine." He described how less and adrift, tortured by a feeling of help­ none of the prerogatives that God granted the dust fell over the valley, how the moun­ lessness, tormented by our own impatience to him when He made him in His image. tain sides were beautiful, and then he said, with things as they are. I do not speak as a So liberty today stands in danger in this "When evening came the old man called his prophet of doom, but it is frighteningly clear Country because we are failing to appreciate wife and chlldren around the table where that this Nation of ours is running parallel and defend it. We are fa111ng in this Country he read the Bible and said the evening to those in ancient history which have tum­ to stand up for the very ideals for which our prayer." Henry Grady said, "I knew then I bled. Thus, there can be no doubt but that forefathers died. We are fa111ng in this Coun­ was not at the heart of the Nation when I the statement which King David made, try to fight the real battles that we ought to stood on the marble steps of the Capitol in . "Blessed is the Nation Whose God is the fight because we don't wa:Q.t to get involved. Washington, but that the heart of the Na­ Lord," was true then,-it's true today. Then there has grown in this Country an­ tion is in the homes of the American people." Last week a poll was held on ten college other danger. There seems to be, and nobody It is. And may I be bold enough to say that campuses in this Country. Some of those loves young people more than I, some kind some of the problems we are having now in polls were among Southern colleges, and in of idea prevalent in our Country today that this Country of ours are the direct results of those polls 54% of the students in those if you're young, you're smarter than anyone the failure to remember in the homes of colleges voted to say that rather than to de­ else. I think it ought to be remembered that America that, "Blessed is the nation whose fend their Country in the event of a war all of us were young at one time, and that God is the Lord." with Russia, no matter what caused it, they all of us will get old if the good Lord allows I would like to point out also that it's would rather we surrender lock, stock and us to stay here. It has always been true that my firm belief, and I think it's yours, that in barrel. In the confused atmosphere in which experience is the best lamp by which our order for our youth in the future to attain we are living, there are many who contend feet can be guided. I think it should be the greatness that they want, they must evety man has the right to do as he pleases. remembered by the youth of today that somehow understand that they are children A few months ago I saw on television the the opportunities they have, which are of God-that they were made by Him, that ugliest picture I ever looked at. I saw about greater than any other generation has ever this is His world, that they don't own it and 50 or 60 students coming out of the Presi­ had in the history of this country, were they can't control it. That it is God's world dent's office at Cornell University armed brought about because of the ingenuity, the and that He wlll determine the destiny of in­ exactly like guerilla fighters, guns and all. hard work, the sacrifices, the dedication, the dividuals, of nations and of the world itself. The ugliest part of the episode was that determination that the youth should have What I am saying in simple English is this, no the next day the Administration at Cornell more than we had, by the generation which man or no woman today, young or old, can capitulated com pletely to every unreasonable has gone before. It's true. The young people ever attain the true greatness which you hope request that these law breakers demanded. of today will live 6, 7, 10 years longer than for your son or daughter unless they adhere It used to be that if you burned a building, the generation of which we are a part. They to the admonition of the Master when he said it was arson-20 years in the penitentiary. It are taller, they are better fed, they are more "Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's.'; used to be that if you violated the right of handsome, they have more information, - What do I mean? That we must recognize others, (they are entitled to their liberties simply because the generation which our obligation to our government. We must too) then you were called to task before a succeeded them has provided it for them. have in this Country law and order. court that had what it takes to enforce the There is no such thing as the "now" gen­ A long time ago in an old school journal law. Are you actually living in a time like eration. There is no such thing as solving I saw a poem and I'm sorry I don't know that described in the book of Judges when all the problems of our Country a.nd our the author, but this is what I believe: every man can take the law in his own hands world "now". That is an impossible proposi­ and do that which he wants to do? If we are, tion, always has been, always will be. So, my I believe ... then we shall expect, and we shall get, the friends, we should be very frank and use In my country and her destiny, same treatment and the same complete abo­ the terminology of the youth of today and In the great dream of her founders, lition of a government and of the liberty of "Tell it like it is". Let's tell it like it is for a In her place among the nations, our people that the children of Israel re­ moment. The generation which precedes the In her ideals, ceived when they worshipped not the true youth of today fought a war against the most I believe ... and living God but the idols and forgot that tyrannical maniac in the history of the That her democracy must be protected, "Blessed is the Nation Whose God is the world-they won it. In the depression of 1932, Her privileges cherished, Lord." I they starved. There was not food enough for Her freedom defended. There are some people in this country to­ the people in this Country. But they did not day who seem to think that our freedom just go into revolution, they did not burn down I believe ... happened. Did you know that 56 of the men bulldings, they did not take the law into their That, humbly before the Almighty, who signed the Declaration of Independence own hands. They believed that it was right But proudly before all mankind, pledged their fortunes, their lives and their to be loyal and patriotic to their Country. We must safeguard her standard. sacred honor, even unto death? Did you know I'd like to say this for the youth today, I believe ... that 20 of them died in poverty and several they are going to face more testing times of them were brutally mistreated by the than we in our generation have ever faced. In Loyalty to my country, British? It was sacrifices that brought us They are going to come up against more Utter, irrevocable, inviolate. the freedom and liberty that we now enjoy problems in the future than we have ever Thou, in whose sight in this Country. Too many of our people looked upon. And I have the firm faith to A thousand years are but as yesterday, don't appreciate liberty. We seem to feel it's believe that with God in their hearts and And as a watch in the night, just manna from Heaven. There are those the determination that all men are entitled Help me ... benighted and disloyal people who go around to their rlgths but no more than their rights, waving flags of North Viet Nam. There artJ that we will one day see a better day. But In my frailty to make real those who plead for a type of government in one thing we must remember is that in order What I believe. this Country that means the total abolition to have it, we must love and cherish our One day in the Congress of the United of the freedom of the individual, means the homes, churches, schools, and our Country. States we had a great debate on whether total abolition of the right to worship God One of the men I admire in Southern his­ we should include in the pledge of allegiance as we see fit, means the burning of all the tory, was a young man from Georgia. He the words "under God". There were even Bibles. So, I think, my friends, that it is time once published the newspaper in Rome, Geor­ speeches made against it. But we included it, for us in America to recognize the fact that gia. I believe he was the most eloquent of all and it is now part of the pledge of allegiance we are fast approaching the days described in Southerners-and Southerners are known for to the flag. It is repeated in every Scout Judges; the sad story of what happened to eloquence. His name was Henry W. Grady. He meeting and every Civic club all over this the children of Israel when they forgot God. did a lot to bind the wounds between the Country,-"a Nation under God". Now that Long centuries after King David said North and the South after the war between is the hope. But I well knew as I sat there "Blessed Is the Nation Whose God Is The the States. Speaking at a fair in Ft. Worth, in the Hall of Congress, I'm for this 100%, Lord,'' a ma.n started out on the road to Texas, he said, "One day I stood on the but I know we can't legislate a Nation under Damascus. His name was Saul. At that time marble steps of the Capitol in Washington, God. I know we can't pass a law simply and there was no freedom in the then known D.C. and I realized that here all of the orders say, "Now the Nation is under God". I know world. There was only one government-that for peace and war go out across the world, that only in the hearts of the people of was Rome. There was only one king and that here the laws are made, here wars are de­ America can this Nation be "under God". And was Tlberius Caesar. There was only one or­ clared, here peace treaties are signed and I know also that unless we come back to the der and only one law, complete subjection to written, here, I must be," he said, "at the faith of our forefathers and recognize the Caesar. But somewhere on the road to Damas­ very heart of the Nation. Then," he said, "I fact that, "Blessed Is The Nation Whose God cus, a bright and dazzling light shone. From came away from Washington believing that I Is The Lord", that unless we do it, no matter that day on, mankind got up out of the had almost felt the pulse beat of the Nation how much we yearn, we'll never be able to gutter of slavery and moved toward the great­ itself as I stood on the steps of the marble hold on to the glory and the greatness of the ness of liberty. Liberty to the individual is Capitol. But," he said, "I came back home to past. September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34061 Among my favorite verses in the Bible is in During a recent visit to South Vietnam I the Thieu government. That effectively in· II Chronicles 7:14. The Lord appeared one interviewed American and Vietnamese offi­ hibits freedom of choice. night and talked with Solomon, I mean plain, cials, including Ambassador Ellsworth 2. The immediate resignation of Ambassa­ straight conversation with King Solomon Bunker, Prime Minister Tran Thien Khiem, dor Bunker to indicate actual (as opposed to and I want you to listen to what he said: Vice President Nguyen Cao Ky and General rhetorical) neutrality. Duong Van Minh. Citizen to citizen, I talked 3. The creation of a congressional commis­ ll CHRONICLES 7 at length with people in all walks of life, dis­ sion along the lines proposed by nunois Sen­ 12. "And the Lord appeared to Solomon by cussing politics with representatives of di­ ator Adlai Stevenson. Prime Minister Khiem night, and said unto him, I have heard thy vergent opinions, interests and organizations. told me that observers would be welcome. It prayer, and have chosen this place to my­ In almost every instance I was told Minh a commission were well staffed and remained self for an house of sacrifice. would probably win the election if the people in South Vietnam for a month prior to Oc­ 13. "If I shut up heaven that there be no could vote without the specter of United tober 3, it could serve a useful purpose. It rain, or if I command the locusts to devour States power and money standing behind would be even better if representatives ot the land, or if I send pestilence among my Thieu. other countries were included. people: This was said by people who oppose Com­ But no observers, no congressional commis­ 14. "If my people, which are called by my munism as much as they oppose Thieu and sion could convert a deceptive charade into a name, shall humble themselves, and pray, the war. Most of them would prefer other reasonably honest election unless fear, uncer­ and seek my face, and turn from their wicked peace candidates to General Minh: nation­ tainty and skepticism are first removed ways; then will I hear from heaven, and aUst leaders who are in prison or in exile. through the actions listed above. wlll forgive their sin, and will heal their But they all feel Minh can Vietnamize the land." peace while Thieu represents more death and [From the New York Times, Aug. 27, 1971] I don't think there is any more eloquent devastation. Thieu also represents cruel re­ message that could be given to America to­ prisal for all who oppose him. The 1967 presi­ ELECTIONS IN SOUTH VIETNAM day-Hear it again! dential runner-up, Truong Dinh Dzu, is serv­ To THE EDrroR: It wasn't Big Minh but "If my people, which are called by my ing a five-year sentence: one among tens of Little Henry Kissinger who splattered Viet­ name, shall humble themselves, and pray, thousands imprisoned for the crime of call­ namese election egg over the face of America. and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ing for peace. On the other hand, Minh is Following a lengthy private meeting with ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will remembered for releasing all poUtical prison­ General Minh several months ago I tried very forgive their sin, and will heal their land." ers immediately after overthrowing the de­ hard to tell Mr. Kissinger what he should spised Diem regime in 1963. This is one reason have known anyway: tha.t Minh would not explaining widespread belief that South Viet­ accept his assigned role in a Kissinger-pro­ THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN nam stands a better chance of remaining duced Bunker-directed charade billed as the VIETNAM non-communist under Minh than under the 1971 South Vietnamese Presidential election. continued rule of Thieu. In any case, the peo­ Minh happens to be an honest man as in­ ple I met are convinced that war-weary South wardly torn as his country is outwardly torn HON. J. W. FULBRIGHT Vietnamese would elect Minh October 3 if by an endless American-manufactured war. OF ARKANSAS they could vote without fear of losing their Mr. Kissinger and Ambassador Bunker jobs--or Uves-as punishment for opposing IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES have not only befouled their President and the "Nixon/Bunker candidate!' our country: they have also destroyed the Wednesday, September 29, 1971 The view from our embassy is exactly oppo­ best chance for peace since the war began. site. There the Vietnamese are seen favoring Just as Asian heroin is hooking our sons, Mr. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, the Thieu because he has brought "stabllity and Kissinger and Mr. Bunker are hooking us to Businessmen's Educational Fund, under progress" (two words which i:.lvariably an Asian tyrant detested by his people and the vigorous leadership of its chairman, evoked laughter when I used them in the to an ongoing war without which the dictator Harold Willens, has been one of the most presence of men and women not beholden to cannot survive. effective organizations in this country in the Thieu government). They see their coun­ The American-rigged South Vietnamese informing our people about the tragic try as a volcano temporarily stm on the sur­ election could be another chapter of the war in Vietnam. face but coming ever closer to violent erup­ Pentagon papers being written before our Mr. tion against a cruel despot whose govern­ eyes: another example of government deceit, Willens, the chairman of the fund, ment is regarded as representing "foreign lying by U.S. officials to the people they are has urged our Government to take posi­ control." This is one among many points of supposed to be serving. As this chapter in tive steps toward ending the war and divergence between the perspectives of Amer­ the annals of falsehood is being written our recently had an exchange of letters with ican officials and Vietnamese people. An Em­ great need is for one moral man, another Ambassador Bunker, which I believe will bassy officer gave me a figure of "several hun­ Daniel Ellsberg to step forward from Wash­ be of interest to the Members of this dred" when I asked how many political pris­ ington or Saigon to say: the highest form of body. oners there were in the country. Informed treason is treason against the people: there­ I ask unanimous consent that this ex­ South Vietnamese, including two ARVN offi­ fore Sit the risk of personal punishment I am cers with whom I met separately, estimated revealing the disgusting machinations by change of letters, and an article from between 90,000 and 100,000. which we conspired to prevent South Viet­ the St. Louis Post Dispatch, and a letter I am willing to concede that despite the namese freedom of choice, by which we kept to the editor of the New York Times be long record of consistent misjudgment our their election from becoming an opportunity printed in the Extension of Remarks. current officials may be right. Perhaps the for Vietnamese self-determination and peace There being no objection, the items majority of South Vietnamese, free of all re­ with honor for us. were ordered to be printed in the REC­ straints, would express their preference for The Pentagon papers tell us that "the ORD, as follows: President Thieu. Since that is what our offi­ explanation of how the U.S. mission became cials believe, they ought to welcome an elec­ detached from political realities in Saigon [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Aug. 12, tion reflecting United States neutrality. Why in August 1963 is among the most ironic and 1971] load the dice when you are sure of winning? tragic of our entire Vietnam involvement." VIETNAMESE THINK U.S. BACKS THIEU: Repeating the candidly expressed views of Unfortunately, it is no different in AugUSit ELECTION WILL BE A CHARADE UNLESS citizens representing many aspects of Viet­ of 1971. WASHINGTON SIGNALS NEUTRALITY namese life, I challenge our policy makers to HAROLD WILLENS, (By Harold Willens, National Chairman, unload the dice. And I charge that, as pres­ Chairman, Businessmen's Educational Fund Businessmen's Educational Fund) ently constituted, the October 3 election is Washington, Aug. 23, 1971. Self-determination for the South Viet­ rigged in favor of Thieu. The question of in­ (NoTE.-The writer, who has organized busi­ namese people; peace with honor for the tent is irrelevant. Ambassador Bunker may be ness opposition to the war, was in Vietnam United States government: surely most sincere when he asserts impartiality. The recently and met privately with Ambassador Americans would consider these a satisfac­ Vietnamese people see his as not only favor­ Bunker, Vice President Ky and General tory basis for prompt extrication from a. war ing but also strongly supporting the election Minh.) in search of a reason. Can we st111 hope to of Thieu. achieve such objectives? The establishment of United States neu­ BUSINESSMEN'S EDUCATION; L FUND, I believe we can if we grasp the golden mo­ trality in the South Vietnamese presidential Los Angeles, Calif., June 29, 1971. ment offered by the October 3 South Viet­ election requires three actions: Hon. ELLSWORTH BUNKER, namese presidential election. To do this re­ 1. The public announcement, prior to Oc­ American Ambassador, quires a clear signal of United States neu­ tober 3, of Sin American withdrawal dead­ Saigon, Vietnam trality in that election. Without such a sig­ line-whatever that date may be. The reali­ DEAR MR. AMBASSADOR: When we were in nal we who are proud of our freedom will ties of the long war, the American presence Saigon recently, you were graciously gener­ block freedom of choice for South Vietnam. and Thieu's harsh treatment of political ous with yow tim~ and assistance. My deep The election will be a Washington-produced, "heretics.. stand in the way of free expression. gratitude makes it extraordinarily difficult to embassy-directed charade acted by a Viet­ Holding off a withdrawal announcement un­ write this letter. namese cast. And the ·purposeless kllUng will til after the election perpetuates the assump­ For as one American to another. I am continue. tion of ongoing United States support foi writing to plead with you to tender your 34062 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 resignation immediately as an act of personal whose only crime is dissatisfaction with the Washington might do the same. That would sacrifice which would perform a high public Thieu regime caused General Minh to say: be the first time in many years that a U.S. service for the people of two countries. This "if I were a Communist, I would infiltrate Administration did what businessmen must urgent plea. stems from two basic considera­ and make propaganda about this." Like all do constantly in order to survive: reassess tions: Vietnamese I met, with the single exception basic assumptions. 1. Even if it is unjustified, it is undeniable of the Prime Minister, General Minh believes Now comes the most difficult part of the that most South Vietnamese see y'Ou as favor­ the Thieu regime is driving anti-Communists most difficult letter I have ever written: try­ ing-and even acting to assure-the reelec­ into the hands of the Communists: that in ing to explain why I must release a copy of tion of President; Thieu October 3rd. terms of keeping South Vietnam non-Com­ this letter to the press, who may, of course, 2. This widespread assumption makes an munst, the Thieu policies are counterproduc­ choose to ignore it completely. honest election impossible. Yet an honest tive; that without ongoing massive American When I returned from Vietnam, I tried for election October s presents an unparalleled support, the Thieu government will quickly weeks to meet with Dr. Kissinger. I wanted no opportunity to end the war quickly through collapse. one to know of our meeting other than Mr. South Vietnamese self-determination while General Minh would probably agree with Richard Smyser who was trying to arrange it. providing peace with honor for the Untted your recent statement that "with two bil­ I wanted only to serve as honest broker, con­ States. lion dollars a year in American assistance, veying the thoughts expressed here in the I invited Dick Thompson of your staff to South Vietnam has a reasonable chance to hope they might prompt the Administration join us during my discussion with General avoid a Communist takeover after the U.S. to announce a withdrawal date. That, of Minh. Dick heard the General say that the pulls out." But, like all his countrymen with course, would be the best way of all to free chief obstacle to a fair election "is that most whom I spoke, he feels such assistance should the South Vietnamese presidential election Vietnamese people believe that Ambassa­ be economic rather than military, and that of the hovering American presence which dor Bunker strongly supports Thieu. Every­ our assistance cannot prevent a Communist wm otherwise dominate that election and one has this impression." The same convic­ takeover once the feared and hated Thieu guarantee its "dishonesty." By now, most tion was independently communicated by government is forced to stand alone. Vietnamese simply do not believe the Ameri­ scores of Vietnamese with whom I discussed It is important to stress that your presence cans will ever leave. They cannot vote "freely" the election: representatives of divergent un'fortunately vitiates the possib111ty of an when they take for granted that American opinions, interests and organizations. honest election and that your resignation power and money will be avallable for what­ ever punishment "our candidate" may want Almost without exception, the people I met would simply indicate American neutrality. It is also important to emphasize, Mr. Am­ to mete out afterward. believe that Minh would defeat Thieu 1f All this I wanted to tell Dr. Kissinger. Mr. their countrymen could vote without feel­ bassador, that I hold no particular brief for Smyser expressed understanding of my rea­ ing that they might lose their job~r their General Minh. But the inescapable fact is sons for refusing to communicate through an lives-by voting "wrong." And in total con­ that there can be only one issue of any con­ intermediary. But he was unable to obtain an trast to the view from the Embassy, Mr. Am­ sequence for the desparately war-weary Viet­ appointment for me. He was not alone in try­ bassador, all felt South Vietnam would be namese on October 3rd. Tha.t issue is peace ing and falling. more likely to remain non-Communist if versus war. From this, I conclude that should you Thieu were defeated. And where are the peace candidates? The agree that your resignation would achieve If that strikes you as bizzare, please give 1968 presidential runner-up Truong Dinh American neutrality in the election; should thought to these ch1lling words of the Penta­ Dzu is in Chi Hoa prison serving a five-year you be willing to make the personal sacrifice gon Study: "the explanation of how the U.S. sentence. Other anti-Communist nationalists involved, others in the Administration would mission became detached from the realities are also locked up or locked out by an in­ strive to dissuade you. Perhaps that will be of the political situation in Saigon in August, credibly restrictive election law which your more difficult for them to do if the question 1963 is among the most ironic and tragic of own staff people told me would never be should become a public question. our entire involvement in Vietnam." passed after the Senate rejected it. It is my sincere hope, Mr. Ambassador, I respectfully submit, Mr. Ambassador, that So there remains only one hope for a peo­ that you will read this letter in the spirit if your presence insures President Thieu's ple sick to their bones of a war they don't with which I write it. 'l'he ordeal of Viet­ reelection, and if the people I met are right want and disgusted with a government forced nam has lasted long enough for all who are about their own count.ry, this October 3rd upon them by American policy and power. a part of it. October 3rd offers unparalleled could witness an even more "ironic and That hope is General Minh, a man who would opportunity to end it quickly and honorably. tragic" misjudgment than that of August, probably prefer to avoid the awesome re­ Your decision may largely determine whether 1963. For even though the choice is limited sponsib111ty of reconciling and repairing his or not that fateful opportunity eludes us. to two generals, one does stand for peace broken land at a time like this: almost any Sincerely, and reconclliation, the other for war and re­ sensible man not driven by overpowering HAROLD WILLENS. pression. If the people freely chose the for­ ambition would prefer that. mer, there would be Vietnamlzation not of But this particula.r man is obviously as SAIGON, VIETNAM, the war but the peace. The people of South inwardly torn as his land and his people are July 11,1971. Vietnam would be taking back their country outwardly torn. He spoke repeatedly o'f. Oc­ Mr. HAROLD WILLENS, from us and assuming the responsiblity for tober 3rd being "our last chance to keep my Chairman, Businessmen's Educational Fund, guiding its destiny. country out of the hands of the Communists Los Angeles, Calif. Let me hasten to assure you that the and to save something of our Vietnamese DEAR MR. WILLENS: I have received your thoughts expressed in this letter have noth­ traditions and culture." Better than I, you letter of June 29, and perhaps you will per­ ing to do with "instant expertise." Rather, I know that General Minh is a dedicated non­ mit me a few observations on the matters you am sharing impressions with you as one who Communist. And you know that he is not a have raised. is free from the inevitable inhibitions of a crafty political creature who lusts for power First, you will find enclosed a copy of the subordinate. I am reporting to you facts and with its attendant burdens. Yet this self­ statement which I have issued here stressing opinions candidly revealed to me by Viet­ effadng, almost dl1Ddent man has been cast the importance we attach to a free and namese people your staff would probably by fate as the only "peace candidate." He honest election and informing all U.S. per­ never even meet. feels he can end the war quickly and prevent sonnel-civil and mmtary-that the United As an example: one of your assistants esti­ a Communist takeover. States Government is strictly neutral and mated "several hundred" political prisoners Isn't that what you want, Mr. Ambassador? impartial in respect of the cotning elections, in all of South Vietnam. Two ARVN officers If it is not, then my words will be meaning­ and that no one, by word or deed, may take on active duty with whom I met secretly and less. If it is what you want, however, perhaps any other position. I can assure you that that separately each estimated about 100,000! these words wlll strike a responsive chord. policy is being, and will be, strictly enforced Their figure was corroborated by others in a And then perhaps you will save human and it applies to everyone. position to venture an intelligent guess. They lives-American and Vietnamese-by a sacri­ Second, I am enclosing a copy of the Viet­ included former political prisoners among ficial act which will win you the plaudits of namese law governing the arrangements and whom were women who had been in various history, the love of many persons around the procedures for the presidential elections. prisons including Con Son. There they had world, and, above all, self-respect. Please note the detailed care which has been watched South Vietnamese guards (paid with For you, too, are cast in a fateful role. You taken in the drafting of this law to assure a American tax money) torture other women are one of the few people whose personal re­ fair and free election. The Supreme Court is to death by forcing bottles and eels into their assessment of basic assumptions might cause the final arbiter on all complaints, as it has sex organs. Mentioning Con Son reminds me, similar reappraisal by the Administration. It been in the provincial and Senatorial elec­ incidentally, how it shocked me as a business­ is possible, Mr. Ambassador, that the Viet­ tions. The Court is highly respected for its man to learn that an American construction namese people may know more than Ameri­ impartiality and integrity, has rendered firm had accepted a $400,000 contract (again cans in Saigon and Washington about how speedy and judicious findings in the com­ our tax money) to build additional "isolation to end their war and keep their country non­ plaints which were lodged in the past, and wards" in that notorious prison. Communist. If your heart and mind could I have no doubt will act with the same speed The massive number and barbaric treat­ accept that possibility and cause you to act and integrity in dealing with any complaints ment of South Vietnamese political prisoners in accordance with it, your colleagues in in the coming elections. September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34063 Third, you make various statements as to 2. Destroyed the best chance for peace since FULBRIGHT AMENDMENT AND U.S. what the Vietnamese people want and which the war began. POLICY ON SOUTHERN RHODESIA candidate is most likely to satisfy those as­ 3. Made of October 3, 1971, a day which pirations. That is a matter which the Viet­ Will be recorded by history as an American namese people must decide for themselves, Day of Disgrace. HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. and they will have this opportunity in the For all this, Mr. Ambassador, you bear per­ OF MICHIGAN sonal responsib111ty even if you did no more coming Lower House and presidential elec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions. than carry out decisions made in Washing­ Fourth, I have personally seen General ton. After less than two hours of discussion Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Minh and Vice President Ky in recent weeks with General Minh I knew what you should on two well-publicized occasions in order to h ave known far better: that he would never Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, as chairman emphasize our strict impartiality, and so that play his assigned role in the fifty-five per of the Subcommittee on Africa and as a the Vietnamese people can draw the proper cent Thieu-forty-five per cent Minh dream member of the U.S. Delegation to the inference that the United States is impartial scenario for October 3 which was being present session of the U.N. General As­ and that we wlll "NOrk with whomever they openly discussed by informed Americans and sembly, I am deeply concerned over the choose to elect. Vietnamese in Saigon when I was there. It was your responsibility, Mr. Ambassador, to adverse implications to the foreign policy Finally, I ws.nt to assure you that our Em­ interests of the United States of the Byrd bassy makes a special effort to keep in con­ know a nd inform your colleagues in Wash­ tinuous touch with all parties, leaders, religi­ ington that General Minh could not be amendment to the military procurement ous and other groups, including students, la­ coaxed or bribed into being p art of a. frau­ bill, H.R. 8687. bor, business, the press etc. in order to keep dulent hoax. And despite the pious phrases I strongly urge support of the Ful­ informed on all significant views and trends in your letter to me you must surely know bright amendment which would give to of opinion in South Viet-Nam. We make a the election was in fact being set up as a the President the authority to determine regular practice of seeing a great many op­ fraudulent hoax: that only if certain actions were taken by your colleagues and yourself what "the national interest or a treaty position and critical elements, and they have obligation of the United States other­ every opportunity to acquaint us with their could it be "unrigged" at least partially-at views, which we take into account in our least enough for a true Vietnamese patriot wise require," and to so inform the Con­ search for facts and in our assessment of the like General Minh to run for office with a gress. overall scene. As I recall, your contacts here slight chance to help his people end a war I am insert1ng the text of the letter were largely opponents of the present govern­ they resent as deeply as they resent you and which I have today sent to the Secretary ment, and analysis and conclusions in your all Americans responsible for continued of State, the text of the telegram which letter are strongly influenced by those you death and destruction in their country. Because I know all this to be true; because the congressional black caucus today talked to during your brief stay here. We sent to the President, the text of the strive for a balanced view, based on a much the statements in your letter and subsequent event s bear no relationship to each other, I letter of today's date to each Senator, wider spectrum of fact and opinion. can only conclude that when you accused Sincerely, with the text of the earlier communica­ ELLSWORTH BUNKER, General Minh of unreasonable demands in tion referred to therein. Ambassador. return for remaining a candidate-that you The letter follows: were guilty of outrageous mendacity. More­ over I sincerely believe you were striking COMMITI'EE ON FoREIGN AITAIRS, BUSINESSMEN'S EDUCATIONAL FuND, below the belt at a man genuinely devoted to September 29, 1971. Los Angeles, Calif., September 13,1971. the welfare of his people: a man fully en­ Hon. Wn.LIAM P. RoGERS, Hon. ELLSWORTH BUNKER, titled to a clear signal of U.S. neutrality in Secretary of State, American Ambassador, an election through which he would other­ Washington, D.C. Saigon, Vietnam. wise damage his country by validating a DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I refer to the conver­ DEAR MR. AMBASSADOR: My first letter was fraud. sation at the lunch which you hosted yester­ a n appeal for honorable self-sacrifice on your Perhaps I am naive but it is my conviction day for President Ould Da.dda of the OAU part. This one is a protest against dishonor­ that deep inside your heart and mind re­ and to the concern expressed by him over able deceit. sides awareness that all this is so, and that the Byrd Amendment to the Military Pro­ When you stressed "the detailed care which truth was a victim of your efforts to blame curement Blll, and to your statement that has been t aken in the drafting of this (Viet­ others for what became a Kissinger-pro­ the Administration opposed this Amendment, namese election) law to assure a fair and free duced Bunker-directed fiasco. Sadly enough which would, by amending Section 5 of the election" were you lying to yourself or to me, that is nothing new, since truth has been United Nations Participation Act to permit Mr. Ambassador? Was it unintended self­ a consistent casualty throughout the seven­ the importation of Rhodesian chrome con­ deceit or int ention to deceive me which teen years that our diplomatic officials have trary to U.N. sanctions against Southern prompted vour emphasis upon the crucial tried to remake South Vietnam to their Rhodesia, place the United States in violation role of the Supreme Court and your state­ liking. of its treaty obligations under the U.N. ment t h at "The Court is highly respected for All this is behind us. But now there lies Charter and seriously erode our foreign its impartialit y and integrity"? before you an opportunity to help end more policy position vis-a-vis Africa. These questions must be asked because quickly a totally pointless war. Your resig­ As I stated during this conversation, it is short ly after you wrote those words the law nation before October 3-with an accom­ of paramount importance that the Depart­ was twisted to block Vice President Ky's can­ panying explanation reflecting fundamental ment and White House actively oppose the didacy, and following General Minh's with­ reassessment on your part prompted by the Byrd Amendment and publicly emphasize drawal the Court sat Uke a group of trained October 3 nonelection-would undoubtedly this position. dogs waiting to be told which tricks to do penetrate the seemingly closed minds of United states relaxation of sanctions at n ext. your colleagues in Washington. That might this time, while the British are continuing No American knows-or should know-that in turn result in basic re-evaluation on their negotiations with the Smith regime, law and that Court better than you, Mr. Am­ their part and the shortening of a war which would be particularly unfortunate. bassador. Yet events shortly following your can no longer be justified under any pre­ I strongly urge that you call a press con­ letter revealed an enormous gap between real­ tense. ference today to declare the Administration's ity and your expressed perceptions. What else In sum, Mr. Ambassador, despite my can­ opposition to the Byrd Amendment and sup­ could account for this gap other than mis­ dor in communicating these views without port for the Fulbright Amendment, Amend­ judgment or untruthfulness? equivocation, the essential purpose of this ment No. 438. Expeditious action is required If in all this there is something I have letter is not personal recrimination, rather as this Amendment may come to the Senate overlooked or fall · i to comprehend please be the purpose is to focus attention on the fal­ floor tomorrow. blunt in telling me that. This is a time for lacy of past policy and the folly of contin­ Sincerely, plain talk: human lives are at stake and I uing it. There are moments in history when CHARLEs C. DIGGS, Jr., happen to believe that you can stlll act to a seemingly irreversible mindless momentum Chairman, Subcommittee_ on Africa. prevent some of thezr. from being lost. Except can be halted by one man's willingness to for that I would not be writing this letter. transcend personal considerations through TELEGRAM TO THE PRESIDENT FROM THE To repeat: it is a time for plain talk. In the an act of noble selflessness. Because of who BLACK CAUCUS mid-1950's American officials prevented a and where you are today it seems apparent Strongly urge your active opposition to the Vietnamese election from taking place be­ that such an opportunity confronts you at Byrd Amendment to the Mi11tary Procure- . cause the probable outcome was not to their this moment in history. ment Act, which would amend Section 5 of liking. Seventeen years later you and other It is my fervent hope tha.t you will not the U.N. Participation Act to permit the im­ American officials have prevented another allow the opportunity to pass you by; that portation of Rhodesian chrome contrary to Vietnamese election from taking place. By by seizing it you will make the noble effort U.N. sanctions a.gaJ.nst Rhodesia, thus plac­ doing what you have: to transform into something positive what ing the U.N. hi violation of its international 1. Thwarted an opportunity to finally Viet­ will otherwise remain a Day of Disgrace. legal obligations. Understand that Byrd namize the Vietnamese government through Sincerely, Amendment, with far-reaching, adverse im­ genuine self-determination. HAROLD WILLENS. plications of U.S. breaking of U.N. sanctions, 34064 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 was a main concern of President Ould Dadda human rights, self-determination, and (And the sixth principle, added later), the of the OAU, as expressed today to Secretary fundamental freedoms for all without re­ need to ensure that, regardless of race, there Rogers, and we are sure to you. In fact, gard to race. be no oppression of the majority by the under the Byrd Amendment the U.S. would Sincerely, minority or the minority by the majority. have no choice but to break with its current CHARLES C. DIGGS, Jr., These principles appear elementary and policy of adhering to U.N. sanctions against House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on basic to any concept of a just and ordered trade with the 1llegal Ian Smith regime. Africa. society. Caucus trusts that you w111 issue press state­ But the constitution which the Smith re­ ment making clear that no shortage of STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE CHARLES C. gime purported to implement in March of chrome ore exists and that in fact there is DIGGS, JR. (D-MicH), CHAmMAN, HousE last year was a categorical rejection of these an excess or chrome in the national stock­ SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, BEFORE THE SEN­ principles. It is no wonder that no nation pile, that the U.S. honors its treaty obliga­ ATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, ON AMEND­ has conferred recognition upon Rhodesia as tions to observe the sanctions, and finally ING SECTION 5 OF THE U.N. PARTICIPATION a state or as a government. Under the pro­ that you support the Fulbright Amendment. ACT, JULY 8, 1971 visions of the constitution majority rule will Mr. Chairman: I appreciate the opportu­ never be possible. Further, it is only theore­ CoMMI'l"l'EE ON FOREIGN AFFAmS, nity to appear before your Subcommittee. tically possible, in the foreseeable future, for HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Mr. Chairman, the bill we are considering the Africans to obtain even parity of repre­ Washington, D.O., September 29,1971. today S. 1404 is cast only in general terms­ sentation, because, under the constitution, DEAR SENATOR: H.R. 8687, the Military to prevent the imposition of import sanctions Africans who pay less than 1% of the income Procurement B111, is pending bus.iness before under section 5 of the UN Participation Act tax now, must pay an income tax equal to the Senate and Amendment No. 438, the Ful­ on any material designated as a strategic or that of the whites in order to obtain an bright Amendment, wm be considered fol­ critical under the Stock Piling Act, unless equal number of seats in the House of As­ lowing the vote on the Mansfield Amend­ its importation from communist countries sembly. ment, which I hope you wm support. is also prohibited. The bill's sponsor, how­ The constitution further provided for the At this luncheon yesterday for the Presi­ ever, Senator Byrd, candidly acknowledges entrenchment of the Land Tenure Act which dent of the OAU, Secretary'Rogers reiterated that the sole effect of the bill would be to end divides the land in Rhodesia equally be­ his opposition to the BYTd Amendment and the embargo against importation of chrome tween the whites and the Africans, so that pledged his support of the Fulbright Amend­ from Southern Rhodesia. the almost 5 million Africans have the same ment. I am appearing here today, Mr. Chairman, amount of land as the 234,000 whites, with At his subsequent meeting that afternoon to emphasize that this b111 would not only the whites being allocated the cities and the with President Ould Dadda of the OAU, I pl·ace us in violation of our international developed farm and mineral land. The act understand that President Nixon made the legal obligations under the Charter of the provides that generally Africans "shall not same pledge. United Nations, but it would be disastrous own, lease or occupy land in the European United States relaxation of sanctions at to our foreign policy interests in Black Afri­ area". Africans are only permitted to live in this time, while the British are continuing ca. What is at stake here is, to be certain, urban areas 1f they are employed there. This their negotiations with the Smith regime, our dedication to the principles of human Act also makes special provisions for the would be particularly unfortunate. rights, of self-determination, and to the Tribal Trust Lands. In the development of I call your attention to the earlier letter I principle of fundamental freedoms for all these areas, there are wholesale removals by sent to you which discusses at length the without regard to race and color. But, more administrative flat of African communities merits of the question. importantly, and I stress, more urgently, from European designated areas, and without I strongly urge your support of the Ful­ what is at stake here is the possibility of our their livestock. This Act has a direct adverse bright Amendment. reneging on the one fairly solid instance effect upon the property of the churches in Sincerely, where our pronouncements of such dedica­ Rhodesia and their ab111ty to function as it CHARLES C. DIGGS, Jr., tion have been accompanied by some con­ prohibits the multi-racial use of land and Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa. crete measures towards the demonstration thus might force the closure of mission of these principles. And I wish to underscore schools and hospitals in tribal areas. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, that the puzzle of ths proposed bUl is the There is presently pending the Property HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, unsubstantiated assertion, which is evidently Owners Residential Protection BUl. This in­ Washington, D.O. its foundation, that the U.S. is facing a ser­ famous measure is aimed at preventing radal DEAR SENATOR: The M111tary Procurement ious shortage of a strategic material. This friction and would permit the President upon Bill, H.R. 8687, is pending business before the assumption certainly appears to be negated application of 15 anonymous whites, on Senate and consideration on it will be re­ by the very fact that the United States Gov­ grounds of endangering of racial harmony or sumed immediately after the conference re­ ernment has, upon revision of chrome ore loss of property values, to declare a whole port on the m111tary draft. I call your atten­ objectives, an excess in our present stockpile area to be an exclusive white area. tion especially to Section 503 of the bill, of chrome ore of some two million two hun­ The Smith regime spends almost 10 times which will end the embargo against importa­ dred fifty thousand (2,250,000) short dry as much on the education of the white child tion of chrome from Southern Rhodesia. tons. as on the African child, or $196 per white Several crucial points of Section 503 war­ Before examining these points in greater child as compared to $20 per African child. A rant your attention. If adopted, this section: detail, I would like to review the situation recent report on secondary school statistics in Would place us in violation of our inter­ in Southern Rhodesia; for an understanding 44 black African countries showed that 31 of national legal obligations under the Charter of this is essential to a full comprehension these had a higher percentage of secondary of the United Nations, and of Security Coun­ of the ·principles of humanity and justice school students and only 8 had a lower per­ cil Resolutions which the United States sup­ involved here. centage than Rhodesia. ported in 1966, 1968, and 1970. The ratio of whites to Africans in Rhodesia With regard to what we consider basic Would be disastrous to our foreign pollcy is a striking phenonemon, it is 21 to 1, that liberties and fundamental rights, the con­ interests in Black Africa. is 95 out of every 100 persons in Rhodesia is stitution itself provides for a Declaration o1 Would create the United States stockpile African. Further, half of the tiny white popu­ Rights. But it adds that the Declaration it­ of chrome to 2,250,000 short dry tons in excess lation, totalling 234,000 as compared to 4,930,- self is to authorize preventive detention. The of its revised chrome ore objective. 000 Africans, is new to the area and has only Declaration of Rights, such as it is however, For your information, I attach a copy of my come since World War II. May I emphasize is mere pious pronouncements, for it is non­ testimony of July 8, 1971, before the African that the stark disparity of these population justiciable and no court can inquire into Affairs Subcommittee of the Senate Commit­ facts, where a bare handful of one group is the validity of any law on the ground that it tee on Foreign Relations, on S. 1404, a bill entrenching their repressive control against is inconsistent with the Declaration of identical with Sec. 503 of H.R. 8687. Follow­ an overwhelming majority, is unique to Rights. ing the extensive hearings held at that time, Rhodesia. I might mention that notwithstanding the the Subcommittee Chairman, Gale McGee, It is against that background that we repressive laws, the situation in Rhodesia. is announced that he would recommend against should review the five principles which the not completely quiescent. Although the law adoption of S. 1404. The sponsor of the meas­ British have established as the basis for bans demonstrations and permits indefinite ure promptly pursued this present maneuver any settlement. These are: detention without charges or trial, there are to circumvent the wm of the Senate Foreign Maintaining the principle of unimpeded wire service reports of a demonstration last Relations Committee. progress towards majority rule. week, July 1, by 250 Salisbury University In conclusion, I urge your vote against Sec. Guarantees against retrogressive amend­ students, mostly black. The demonstrating 503, on the basis that U.S. interests dictate ment of the constitution. students were arrested. The students had de­ unequivocally that the United States con­ Immediate improvement in the political clared July 1 "an annual day of mourning tinue to adhere to its international obliga­ status of the African population. until Africans are given an equal place in tions and its enforcement of UN sanctions Progress toward ending racial discrimina­ Rhodesian society." against Rhodesia, and that for broad policy tion. It is not necessary for me to review the reasons we must reject any inroads on our That the proposed basis for independence UN international legal obligations under the support of the United Nations in its effort be acceptable to the people of Rhodesia as a Charter with respect to Chapter vn, deci­ to secure for the people of Rhodesia basic whole. sions of the Security Council. These were September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34065 discussed by the Department of State wit­ knowledge or 1nfol'Il'UI;t1on at a.ll in this area, HISTORIC WEST VIRGINIA POST nesses yesterday. But I would like to under­ I would think that this disposes of the argu­ OFFICE MOVED TO SMITHSO­ score the congressional authorization to the melllt that there is a shortage of chrome NIAN INSTITUTION-POST OFFICE President in section 5 of the UN Participa­ critical to the defense needs of the country. tion Act, empowering him to apply economic Further, I understand that only 10% of the OPENED DURING 125TH BIRTH­ sanctions in accordance with such Security domesJtio consumption of chrome is used for DAY CELEBRATION Council decisions under Article 41 of the defense purposes. Thus, it would appear that Charter. It was Mr. Acheson, as Under Secre­ U.s. needs in the event of a na.tional emer­ tary of State, who presented to the House gency are presently proVided for. HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH Foreign Affairs Committee the explanation With respect to any inference that the OF WEST VIRGINIA of the various sections of the UN Participa­ present high price of Russian chrome is the tion Act. He stated that, by virtue of sec­ sole result of sanctions, I have several com­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tion 5 "the President has the authority to do ments. First, information requested on Major Wednesday, September 29, 1971 what we have by international treaty agreed Raw Materia.lB Market Prices of Mr. Bliss to do". (Hearing, House Committee on For­ during the hearings of the House Subcom­ Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, West eign Affairs, Dec. 7, 1945, 79th Congress, 1st mittee on Africa on "Rhodesda and U.S. For­ Virginians are proud of their postal her­ session, p. 21). eign Polley" showed that from 1958 onwards itage. We are particularly proud that the The Senate report notes that "the basic the prices of these ores generally were ris­ first rural free delivery routes were in­ decision in this regard was made when the ing. Of the 22 commodities only manganese, augurated from the Charles Town, Uvilla, Charter was ratified ..." (S. Report No. 717, cobaLt and va.nadlum did not go up in price. and Halltown, W. Va., Post Offices on 79th Congress, 1st session.) Any declaration 19 rose in price. And if we look more specifi­ here tha.t the President in issuing the Ex­ cally at the pre-sanctions and sanctions, October 1, 1896. William Lyne Wilson, a ecutive Orders to carry out the mandatory prices of several ferrous alloys, we find that native of Charles Town, Jefferson decisions of the Security Council was acting the price of such ores was generally going CoWlty, was Postmaster General of the unilaterally is unfounded. up both before and during sanctions. The United States at the time. It should be emphasized that our obliga­ following price comparisons were made in I have attempted to have this impor­ tion not to permit the importation of any deflated dollars, that is the prices have been tant event recognized through the issu.:. chrome for whatever reasons, is absolute. deflated so that they are truly comparable. Security Council Res. 232 of December 16, ance of a special commemorative stamp The price of a.Illt1mony increased 45% in the on the 75th anniversary of the service. 1966, which the US supported specifically pre-sa.n.otions period and 209% from 1967-70. prohibited the importation of chrome. S.C. Nd.ckel ln.crea.sed 3% p!'e-sanctions and 13% Mr. President, on Monday another Res. 253 of May 29, 1968, which we sup­ from 1967-70. Vanadium, on the other hand, phase of our postal heritage gained rec­ ported, calls upon all states to prevent the dropped 20% pre-sanctions, but increased ognition as an historic artifact of West importation into the territories of all com­ 73% from 69-70. S1mlla.rly, Turkish metal­ Virginia's earlier postal history was on modities and products originating in South­ lurgical chrome prices fell by 17% in the display at the Smithsonian Institution's ern Rhodesia. In S.C. Res. 277 of March 17, 1960-66 period, but rose by 45% 67-70. (This Museum of History and Technology. I am 1970, we supported the call upon Member 45% is in inflated dolla.rs). Thus, although States to take more stringent measures to speaking of the Headsville, W.Va., Post sanctions are no doubt a fa.ctor 1n the price Office and general store which served the prevent any circumvention of these resolu­ situation, the picture of r1s1ng prices tor tions. Any importation of chrome is in fact these ores is obviously due to many d.11ferent area from the early 1860's Wltil 1914. a violation of our legal obligations and I factors and cannot be attributed in the case This building was carefully recon­ stress that the Administration's decision to at chrome to sanctions alone. structed as a unique reminder of the permit Union Carbide to import chrome al­ legedly bought and paid for before the effec­ Several minor points should also be men­ part the postal service played in the tive date of the Executive Order, couched tioned on the price of Russian chrome. AI· growth and development of our Nation. though it was in hardship policy niceties, ob­ though we do not doubt these figures, the Postmaster General Winton M. BloWlt viously represented a relaxation in our ad­ prices we have been given, a. $25 to $72 rise, commented, at the event attended by herence to the express language of the res­ should be supported by invoices or trans­ more than 500 persons. olution, under which such importation is action sheets, or by giVing the base year for the $25 quotation, since I understand prior I know that as my wife, Mary, with my prohibited. But the present bill would be a son, Frank, participated in the official clear, calculated denial of our legal obliga­ to 1965 there were no published prices tor tions and of our duty as a UN Member State chrome. Secondly, taking the 25 to 72 in· dedication ceremonies with Postmaster to carry out the decisions of the Security crease, we have a. 188% increase, not a 288% General BloWlt, she reflected on her Council. as suggested yesterday. Finally, a. valid com­ happy childhood and youthful years in I do not believe it necessary to elaborate parison would require use of deflated dolla.rs. Mineral CoWlty, the coWlty from which beyond wh&t was said yesterday on u.s. in­ Obviously, with respect to the impact of the reconstructed Headsville Post Office terests in a Vlltal United Nations, in support­ sanctions, sanctions have not had the result came. Mary, as a girl, often visited the ing its mandatory decisions and actions with foreseen. On the other hand, frank acknowl­ store and post office which was a popular respect Rhodesia, and in our interest vis­ edgment of this should not obscure our to realization of the very real impact which meeting place for the people of that a-vis Bla.ck Africa. Mr. Chairman, in my visits sanctions have had and are increasingly COminWlity. to 38 of the 41 African countries, I have had effecting on the economy of Rhodesia. Mr. the opportunity for personal, frank and open The September 10, 1971, edition of the Newsom has detailed some of them, the Keyser, W. Va., Mineral Daily News talks with thedl' leaders and their people. shortage of rolling stock, of modern machin­ And, in connection with the United States, ery, of spare parts and of imported equip­ TribWle contains an excellent article on nothing gives greater concern than our po­ ment. In addition to a significant slowdown the former Headsville Post Office and I sition of mere mouth serVice against the in the growth rate, Rhodesia is in the throes ask Wlanimous consent to have the ma­ evils of apartheid and minority rule. Our po­ of a serious foreign exchange shortage. Ob­ terial printed in the RECORD at this point. sttion with regard. to Rhodesia, however, viously, we cannot say how acute the short­ There being no objection, the article short of the goal which the African states age is and we cannot predict its possibilities was ordered to be printed in the RECORD would seek, has nevertheless been concretely for influencing the bargaining situation. as follows: demonstrated by our support of and adher­ Frankly, Mr. Chairman, I am not at all exwe to sanctions. We must not abandon our optimistic about a satisfactory settlement [From Mineral Dally News (Keyser, W.Va.) resolve and our ch.a.rter obligastions to adhere being reached. But I do acknowledge that, Tribune, Sept. 10, 1971] to sanctions. although unknown variables, the critical ex­ DEDICATION CEREMONY SCHEDULED I would now like to comment on our situa­ change supply, the economic situation, and An original general store-post office, more tion mth regard to chrome. ObViously, I a.m. the concern of the business community with than a century old, will be dedicated at 2 no expert a.t all on our needs in this area. respect to sanctions and Smith's programs p.m. Monday, Sept, 27, in The National BUJt the Office of Emergency Preparedness are all factors which may have a bearing on museum of History and Technology, Wash­ with the concurrence of the interested de­ the prospects for settlement. ington, and will be put into operation for pairtmen.ts a.nd agencies, including the De­ In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I urge that providing card and letter mail service to partment of Defense, is strongly recommend­ US interests dictate unequivocally that the visitors. ing the passage of S. 773 which would au­ United States continue to adhere to its inter­ Postmaster General Winton M. Blount will thorize the disposal of 1,313,600 short dry national obligations and its enforcement of tons of excess metallurgical grade chrome UN sanctions against Rhodesia and that for officially establish the letter mall service at from the national and supplemental stock­ broad policy reasons we must reject any opening ceremonies by hand cancelling a piles. OEP reported that, in establishing new inroads on our support of the United Nations letter !or Smithsonian Institution Secretary and reduced stockpile objectives for this ore, in its effort to secure for the people of S. Dillon Ripley. The dedication ceremony "a.mple allowance was made !or any contin­ Rhodesia basic human rights, self-deter­ wlll be one of the major events commemorat­ gency that Inlght arise 1n an emergency." mination and fundamental freedoms !or all ing the 125th anniversary of the Smithsonian I rettera.te tb&t without a.ny spec1&1'zed. without regard to race. Institution. 34066 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 The building that housed the Headsvllle MRS. ELLENS. WOODWARD RETENTION OF REPUBLIC OF post office from the early 1860's until 1914 1s CHINA IN THE U.N. being reconstructed inside the Constitution Avenue entrance to the Museum. It wlll be HON. WILLIAM M. COLMER staffed by Postal Service personnel in period OF MISSISSIPPI HON. STROM THURMOND costumes who will offer letter and card mall, and philatelic services for collectors. A dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF SOUTH CAROLINA tinctive postmark reading: "The National Wednesday, September 29, 1971 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Museum of History and Technology, Smith­ Wednesday~ September 29, 1971 sonian Station," w111 be used. Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, on Thurs­ "The United States Postal Service 1s day last a very distinguished and out­ Mr. THURMOND Mr. President to­ honored to have the Headsvllle Post Office standing woman, Mrs. Ellen S. Wood­ day I wish to bring to the attentio'n of reconstructed in the Smithsonian's National ward, departed this life. Mrs. Woodward the Senate a petition to all of the Am­ Museum of History and Technology," said was a native of my beloved State of Mis­ bassadors of free nations in the United Postmaster General Winton M. Blount. "This post office will serve as a unique reminder of sissippi, but for the past three and one­ Nations. The petition concerns the re­ the part the Postal Service played in the half decades she resided here in the city tention of the Republic of China in growth and development of our nation." of Washington, where she enjoyed the the U.N. Carl Sheele, chairman of the Museum's love and affection of many friends whom Several important points are brought Department of Applied Arts and Curator of she had made during her long stay here into focus by the petition. We cannot postal history, spent a year searching for an in the District. ignore the fact that the Republic of appropriate surviving building. During the Mrs. Woodward was a national figure. China is a charter member of the U.N. search, Scheele examined some 600 old of­ She played an important role in Govern­ That country has fulfilled all its obliga­ fices in 13 states. He travel«id more than 10,- tions as a member and represents more 000 miles, mainly on country roads, and ment, beginning in the late 1930's and photographed over 500 buildings. extending over a long period. She was people than over half of the U.N. mem­ The Headsville building was among the appointed by President Roosevelt as as­ bers. oldest examined. "We considered it the best sistant to Harry Hopkins, the Director of Mr. President, to allow this legal and possibllity for an exhibit because it had re­ the Works Progress Administration. recognized nation to be deprived of its mained unaltered in structure, both inside Later she served as a member of the old seat in the U.N. would be more than a and out, from its earliest days," Scheele ex­ Social Security Board, among other im­ diplomatic slight; it would be a terrible plains. "The original counters, shelving, floor, portant positions. injustice. I am pleased to join the 150 windows, shutters, walls and ceiling were distinguished Americans who have signed intact. There are even inscriptions written Prior to coming to Washington, Mrs. on the shutters by Civil War soldiers who Woodward served with distinction in the this petition on behalf of the Republic were stationed in the area or who passed that Mississippi State Legislature where she of China, and I · w-ge Senators to give way. wielded substantial influence. this matter careful consideration "An iron pot-bell1ed stove had been added She was an unusually capable and Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ before the close of the 19th century, and talented woman and was highly regarded sent that the petition to all Ambassadors the building was wired for electric lights in both her ofiicial and personal conduct. of free nations in the U.N. be printed about World War I, but these changes seem in the Extensions of Remarks. to be the only alterations to the original Mr. Speaker, the Washington Post carried an account of the death of Mrs. There being no objection, the petition structure, with the exception of a front porch was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, we believe was added somewhat prior to 1900." Woodward, which I am submitting here The post office apparently was constructed for printing in the REcoRD: as follows: TO THEm EXCELLENCIEs--ALL AMBASSADORS during the early 1860's by Henry Head. It ELLEN S. WOODWARD, 84, NEW DEAL RELIEi' OF THE NATIONS IN THE UNITED housed postal activities until John E. Staggs OFFICIAL FREE became postmaster and moved the business NATIONS to his own premises. The building continued Ellen S. Woodward, 84, a high ranking wel­ fare, relief and Social security administrator DEAR MR. AMBASSADOR: ThiS message is ad­ to serve as a general store for several years. dressed to the Ambassadors of all Free Na­ Head was appointed postmaster of what in the 1930s and 1940s, died yesterday at her home at the Westchester Apartments, 4000 tions in the United Nations from approxi­ was then known as Sheet's Mills, Hampshire cathedral Ave. NW. mately 150 prominent Americans, urging you County, Virginia, in 1858. The post office was At one point, Mrs. Woodward was known as to retain the Free Republic of China in the run as a Union establishment throughout the United Nations. Civil War and in 1868 became known as the second highest ranking woman appointee in the Roosevelt administration. We believe our views represent over 90 per­ Headsville, Mineral County, West Virginia. cent of the American people and of most of The building was acquired from Edgar H. Named in 1933 as assistant to Harry Hop­ kins, then admlnlstrator of federal emer­ the free people everywhere. We are not seek­ McDonald, a grandson of the last storekeep­ ing or opposing admission of any nation or er. It had been closed up with its nonperish­ gency relief, Mrs. Woodward was appointed administrator of the Works Progress Adminis­ raising any question regarding the member­ able stock intact, so the Smithsonian exhibi­ ship of the Security Council. We earnestly tion will include shelves of such items as t r ation when it was set up in 1935. She was named in 1938 as one of the three believe that the Free Republic of China, a high button shoes, tins of spices, patent med­ legal, Constitutional and a charter member icines, slate pencils, and poultry lice medi­ members of the Social Security Board and was reappointed in 1943, serving until the of the U.N. which has fulfilled all of its cine. obligations, should be retained no matter Once the building was selected by the board became part of the Federal Security Agency. ~hat decisions may be made regarding othE·r Smithsonian, the demanding process of 1ssues. She was also a member ( 1943-45) of the transferring it to Washington had to be At the present time, the Irish Republic undertaken. Charles H. Rowell, a Smithso­ U.S. delegation to the United Nations Relief and Rehab111tation Admintstration. and North Ireland under the United King­ nian restoration specialist, and his assistant, dom, are members of the United Nation s Reverdy Marcey, took the board and batten In 1954, she retired as director of interna­ and the Ukraine and Byelorussia, each have store apart piece by piece. Each board was tional relations for the Department of Health a vote. The Free Republic of China governs coded so the one-story 18 by SO foot struc­ Education and Welfare. It marked the end of more people than half the United Nations ture could be reassembled inside the museum. a 28-year career in federal service. States. To show our sincerity and consis· "The Headsville Post Office is a natural ad­ Daughter of Mississippi Sen. Wllllam v. tency, we are willing to support the admis­ dition to a museum depicting the cultural Sull1van, Mrs. Woodward began her career in sion of two Germanys, two Koreas, and two and technological history of America," notes public life as a member of the Misslssipp1leg- Vietnams. We have no quarrel with the Scheele. "The Postal Service is the single in­ 1slature in 1925. Chinese or Russian people. We wish the Unit­ stitution that has been common to virtually As a member of the executive committee of ed Nations success in its program of free­ every American's experience throughout 200 her state's board of public welfare, she helped dom, peace and goodwill in the world. But years, and the most representative type of in the early days of the depression to plan as surely as the sun will shine again, the post office in American history-the most nu­ Mississippi's first relief program before com­ ousting of Free China and its replacement merous and widespread-has been the coun- ing here 1n 1933. by Communist China will create a credibility try store-post office." , In 1966 she was elected Mississippi woman gap in and about the United Nations. Collectors desiring this special Smithso­ of the year. The vast majority of the American people nian cancellation may submit stamped self­ She was married to the late Judge Albert Y. who have been nurtured on the blessings addressed envelopes to: "Smithsonian Station Woodward. She is survived by a son, Albert of liberty (freedom) ordained in the Con­ Cancellation, Postmaster, Washington, D.O. Y. Woodward, of Arlington, and a sister, st itution of the United States and tn our 20013." Elizabeth Sull!van Dutcher, of Miami. Declaration of Independence, whose 200th September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34067 anniversary will be celebrated on a vast Hunter, Publisher of "Tactics"; Cynthia ownership of handguns, I submit the scale in five years, believe the ousting of Free Huyler, Chairman, Friends of Tibet; Mr. committee's statement at this point in China would be a serious and deplorable blow George Hyam; Mrs. Elizabeth E. Iglehart; Mr. to the preservation of freedom throughout H. Harding Isaacson; R/ Adm. A. Vernon Jan­ the RECORD: the world. It would be in their opinion a notta; Mr. James Jemall. STATEMENT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR EFFECTIVE disservice to the United Nations and create Mr. Daniel V. Jennings; Mr. Theodore P. CRIME CONTROL ON THE LEGITIMACY OF disunity anC.. bitterness within it, and sus­ Jennings, Chairman, Victory ln Vietnam HANDGUN OWNERSHIP picion and distrust not only among the Committee; Gen. Leon W. Johnson; Kathryn Handguns are legitimately used in the American people, but among all the free Kannett, Sec'y., Order of Burke, Metternich shooting sports, in gun collecting, and in per­ people of the world. and Blsmarch, Inc.; Mrs. . Jeanne E. Kerbs; sonal defense, by more than twenty-five mil­ Director, J. Edgar Hoover of the F.B.I. has Francis Kettana.h; Mr. w. J. Kllmkiewicz; Mr. lion Americans. openly criticized some of the propaganda Peter Koltypin, Chairman, Freedom For Rus­ About forty-five thousand Americans are and actlvltles emanating from the U.N. sia; Mr. Jean U. Koree; Mr. John Kosiak, Bye­ active each year in competitive pistol shoot­ sources against our free institutions, our sys­ lorussian Congress Comm. of America. ing. About two Inillion citizens actively hunt tem of free enterprise and our form of gov­ Mr. & Mrs. Hubert Kregeloh; M/Gen. Mel­ each year with handguns. As of this year, ernment. vin L. Krulewttch; Helen V. Kulber, Llthu­ some forty-eight states, including Minne­ Abraham Lincoln once said, "To sin by anian-American Organizations; Mr. Bernard sota, allow handguns to be used in taking silenc~ when you should protest makes J. Lally, Editor of "Counterattack"; M/Gen. predators and unprotected game. Forty-one cowards of men". The main reason for the Thomas A. Lane; Mr. Reginald B. Lanier; Mr. states allow the use of handguns in taking existence of all governments is to protect Nelson T. Levings; Mr. Marx Lewis, Chairman, small game. Twenty-three states allow the Its people and the security of its government. Council Against Communist Aggression (La­ use of handguns in taking big game. Im· There is already a definite feeling that the bor); Mr. Howard Lim, Jr., Chairman, Action provements in loads and accuracy have made U.N. should not be located in any large and Committee for a Free China; Lt. Col. John B. handguns, in competent hands, suitable for powerful nation. If the U.N. is used as a Lininger. hunting the largest North American game. sanctuary of immunity for the distributon Mr. William E. Loeb, Editor, Manchester Handguns offer a safety factor in settled of propaganda, unfriendly to the United (N.H.) Union Leader; Rev. Daniel Lyons; Mr. regions because their maximum danger range States, the American people regardless of Eugene Lyons; Beatrice Mabry; Giovanna is about half that of long range big game partisanship will inevitably demand the re­ McCracken, Sec'y. Victory in Vietnam Com­ rifies. In recognition of their sporting use, the moval of the U.N. to Geneva or to some small mittee; Jo-Anne Mlller; Mr. Timothy A. ten per cent federal excise tax on handguns nation. Mitchell; Mr. Eugene C. Moffat; Admiral Ben is apportioned entirely for hunter safety The undersigned urge your favorable ap­ Moreen; Mr. Vladimir Morosov. training prograinB, shooting range construc­ proval of the retention of Free China in the Dr. Ralph Mortensen, Shanghai-Tiffin tion, and wildlife restoration. interest of freedom, justice, democracy and Club; Hon. George Murphy, Senator from Included among the ranks of handgun peace and for the best interest of the suc­ California; Lt. Col. Nicholas Nazarenko, owners are many thousands of gun collectors cess of the United Nations. The preservation Nat'l. Cdr. Cossackian War Veterans; Arlstide and millions of citizens who keep handguns of freedom and peace are the most important Nicolaie, Princess Alexandria C. Obolensky; for personal protection and occasional out­ issues in the world. There are no substitute Mr. Hugh B. O'Nelll, American Friends of door use, such as plinking tin cans. Becausfl for either. Vietnam; Prof. Henry Paolucci; Mr. C. H. of its size and ease in handling, the hand­ With highest esteem and best wishes. Pearson; Judge Mario A. Proccacino; Dr. gun is excellent for self defense and is, in Sincerely yours, Ralph Wialdo Pruden. fact, the only functional firearm in many Mrs. Robert Pyzel; Admiral Arthur W. situations. LIST OF SIGNATORIES Radford; Mr. Walter L. Reynolds; Mr. According to the F.B.I.'s Uniform Crime Col. Robert L. Alberts; Dr. Ruth W. George T. Reilly; Mr. Frederick L. Reuss, Jr.; Reports and statistics gathered by the Na­ Alexander; Dr. Fernando E. Alvarez, Int'l Prof. Charles E. Rice, Notre Dame Law tional Commission on the Causes and Pre­ Bureau, Anti-Communist Legion; Dr. Clair­ School; Mr. Donald R. Rice; Mr. John Rice; vention of Violence, in any recent year only ette P. ArinBtrong; Dr. Daisy Atterbury, Ool. William Lathrop Rich. five of every thousand handguns are used Sec'y. Shanghai-Tiffin Club; Mayor George Dr. David N. Rowe, Yale University; Mr. in major crime. The number of handguns Auslander; Robert W. Baird, M.D.; Mr. William A. Rusher, National Review; Rt. involved in accidental deaths is much George F. Baker; Prof. Joseph W. Ballantine; Rev. Msgr. John S. St:~obo; Mr. Ralph Santos; smaller. Lesley Frost Ballantine. Mr. Harry S. Schanck; Dr. Sigmund J. Slusz­ Despite this outstanding record of legiti­ Mr. Laszlo Berchtoldt; Col. Harrison D. ka, Polish-American Congress; Hon. Earl E. mate and safe use, some concerned citizens Blair; Mr. Frank Cullen Brophy; Major Edgar T. Smith, Former Ambassador to Cuba; Prof. in our society are waging a war against Bundy, Sec'y. Church League of America; Willlam V. Sotirovich, N.Y.U. Political handguns, seeking to isolate handgun own­ Colonel Laurence Eliot Bunker; Admiral Forum; Mrs. W. Howard Stetner, Cdr. Wil­ ers from other firearinB owners through a Arleigh Burke; Mr. Harold H. Burns; Dr. liamS. Stuhr. divide-and-conquer strategy, preparatory to ellminating handgun ownership. The hand­ John Carja, Romanian National Council; Mrs. William H. Sullivan, Jr.; Mr. Harold gun has become a. symbol of violence to such Mr. Robert Carroll; Mr. John Chamberlain. L. Suttle; Mr. Donald B. Tanslll; Col. Alexis Tchenkeli, Pres., United Caucasus Org., Inc.; oppresso1·s and legitimate handgun owner­ B/Gen. Wllliam E. Chambers; Mrs. Anna Hon. Strom Thurmond, Senator from South ship is endangered by a symbolic purge which Chennault; Mrs. Olga Clark, Widow of Adm. Carolina; Mrs. George H. Townsend; Hon. would make scapegoats of legitimate owners. Joseph J. (Jocko) Clark; Mr. Charles Ken­ Matthew Troy, Sr., Chairman, Captive Na­ Such persons are hung up on the idea that neth Clinton; Hon. C. Fred Close; Hon. tions Comm.; Mr. Gene Tunney; Mr. Eugene a handgun has only one purpose and that William M. Colmer, Chairman, House Rules Tzyzkiewtcz; Gen. James A. Van Fleet; Mr. is to kill. They do not realize that a handgun Committee; Mary Hope Condon; Mrs. Ken­ Viktors Viksnlns, Chairman, Latvian Society is an inanimate object. Whether a purpose is neth c. Crain; Hon. James H. R. Cromwell; of Chicago; Gen. A. C. Wedemeyer; Prof. Karl good or bad depends not upon the handgun Rev. Edward Lodge Curran. A. Wittfogel; Lefiey Frost; Col. & Mrs. James but upon the user, and, statistically speak­ Mr. Thaddeus S. Dabrowski; Mr. Ralph W. Gerard. ing, owners' purposes and uses are virtually Dodson Davis; Cdr. Lee DeBoer, Cdr., N.Y. always legitimate. County Veterans of Foreign Wars; Mr. Ray­ mond J. DeJaegher; Hon. Edward J. Derwin­ STATEMENT OF THE COMMITTEE ski, Congressman from illinois; Rev. Ste­ phen Dibble; Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, Chair­ FOR EFFECTIVE CRIME CONTROL man, Nat'l Captive Nations Comm.; Dr. Ivan ON THE LEGITIMACY OF HAND­ MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN-HOW Docheff, Pres. Bulgarian Nat'l Front, AF ABN; GUN OWNERSHIP LONG? Cathryn Kelly Dorney; Dr. William F. Dowl­ ing. Francis A. Dugan; Mr. Thomas Dunleavy; HON. ALBERT H. QUIE HON ... WILLIAM J. SCHERLE OF IOWA Mr. Allen Finger; Hon. Hamilton Fi~h; Daniel OF MXNNESOTA Flint, Esq.; Mr. Henry Forster; Mr. William IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Lapham Fort; Mr. Stockton Gaines; Col. Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Edgar W. Garbisch; Mr. Devin Adair Garrity. Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Capt. Raymond Giminler; Mr. Thomas W. Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, the Committee Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child Gleason, Pres. Int'l. Longshoremen's Assn. for Effective Crime Control, a Minneap­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: AFL-CIO; Cdr. Robert G. Goff, Cdr. Queens olis-based organization representing "How is my son?" A wife asks: ''Is my Co. Catholic War Veterans; Dr. Horace Gree­ about 300,000 Minnesota firearms own­ husband alive or dead?" ley; Col. Charles Carroll Greene; Mr. Conrad Grieb; Hon. Rosemary Gunning; Mrs. Mer­ ers, has sent me a copy of its statement Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ win K. Hart; Mr. Thomas 0. Haskins; Hon. on the legitimacy of handgun ownership. tically practicing spiritual and mental Ernest Hatfield; Msgr. Paul Haverty. So that Members may have the commit­ genocide on over 1,600 American prison­ -Milton W. Heuson, M.D.; Mr. Hamilton tee's views in -opposition to any legisla­ ers of war and their -famllles. · - Hoge; l\41'. Roman ·Huhlewych; Mr. Edward tion le~g . to 9utlawing legi~te Howiong? · 34068 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 VETERAN'S DAY You still must stand and hold your faith trial fuel oil in the Northeast. Although those That all those men made brave by war who have been fighting this long and some­ And by a faith that freedom must forever times discouraging battle to obtain ensured HON. J. CALEB BOGGS live oil supplies at reasonable prices have seen OF DELAWARE And war be baniS>hed from the ways of men some progress through marginally increased still live. imports of heating oil, we have also IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES You still must stand and hold your faith learned that all too often the lower cost bene­ Wednesday, September 29, 1971 And dedica.te your life to bring to pass fits that would and should have been passed That high ideal for which this host was on to the consumer have been skimmed off Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, Dr. Harry maimed and died by the major oil companies in the form of 0. Eisenberg, a noted educator and poet Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp higher prices. Even after the Administration from the State of Delaware, has penned Eight abreast, thirty files a minute recognized the gravity of our problem by some lines for Veteran's Day. Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp granting independent cargo terminal opera­ I know that Veteran's Day is some time The ghostly parade goes by tors on the East Coast allocations to import a total of 40,000 barrels daily of No. 2 oil, I Its banners furled from every breeze off, but thought Dr. Eisenberg's poem Its mu1Hed drums with soundless beat prices continued to go up. It was initially in­ was so good and so apropos that I wish Its faith eternal in the God tended that the substantially lower cost of to share it with my colleagues. Who rules the world with purpose calm anrt imported No. 2 oil would have an effect on Dr. Eisenberg is a long time and valued just. stabilizing U.S. domestic fuel oil prices. In friend of mine, and he is the poet laureate Just watch this parade as it goes by actuality, however, the steps taken by the of the State of Delaware, having been And live a thousand days in one. Administration in its attempts to aid the oil consumer have been completely turned to appointed to that distinguished position the benefit of a few large oil companies be­ by the Honorable Russell W. Peterson, fore they even had a chance to take effect. Governor of Delaware. For practical purposes, the geographical I ask unanimous consent that Dr. OIL IMPORT HEARINGS limitation on the origin Of the crude oil Eisenberg's poem be pTinted at this point from which the imported fuel oil must be in the RECORD. HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE derived has had to come from Caribbean re­ There being no objection, the poem finery sources, primarily Venezuela and the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, OF MASSACHUSETTS Netherlands West Indies, the principal west- · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ern helll.iS>phere export centers for refined as follows: products. Thus importers, operating under VETERAN'S DAY Wednesday, September 29, 1971 the 40,000 barrels per day allocation, found Will you watch two parades with me? Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, earlier this themselves forced to deal on a short term The fiying fiags and beating drums basis in a narrow market controlled by only The sounding horns and the tramp of feet month the Senate Subcommittee on a few large oil companies. All tell that a parade is passing by. Small Business began hearings on the In addition, price increases were further The men have grown in girth and lost a current fuel oil situation in the North­ aggravated by the imposition of high tax little hair eastern States. The first day was devoted reference values by the Venezuelan govern­ There is a stillness in the uneven step to testimony from dealers, jobbers and ment on all oil exports. The increase of 1.8¢ That marks a vain attempt to catch again terminal operators who sell fuel oil in per gallon in the tax reference value for No. The thrill of confidence that comes of being the Northeast and who are, of course, 2 oil plus the increase in the effective tax with your fellowmen rate from 50% to 58%, accompanied by a In a cause in which you believe. very familiar with conditions and prob­ simultaneous increase in royalty payments The parade is short; the numbers few of lems in those markets. last December, added greatly to the price of those who march tOday to honor those I am pleased that their testimony sup­ foreign home heating oil landed in the North­ who can no longer march. ported the recommendations made by east. In fact, by May of this year, the price The memory is grand; the thoughts intense the New England congressional delega­ of Caribbean No.2 was higher than that paid of other days when freedom stood on tion to the President and to the Oil Pol­ for No. 2 on the Gulf Coast. dangerous ground. Finally, the use of No. 2 fuel oil as a blend­ Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp icy Committee in recent months. Those ing agent to reduce the sulphur content in Eight abreast, thirty files a minute recommendations call for prompt action residual oil has caused the Caribbean market Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp to: for No.2 as a separate product to all but cease Eight abreast, thirty files a minute Raise the level of No.2 fuel oil imports to exist. And soon the fiags have passed into District I-the east coast-to 100,- One must wonder what consumer benefits And the last beat of the drum 000 barrels per day, so that there can be can be expected by limiting our sources of Has faded and died. a significant impact on prices, supply foreign heating oil purchases to markets But do not go. that are even tighter from both the stand­ Another parade will soon pass by and competition. point of prices and supplies than those in In the distance can you not hear Remove the Western Hemisphere pur­ the United States. The tramp Of marching feet chase limitation, so that importers can In view of these developments, I wish to Don't tell me that your ears have grown so buy at the most competitive prices. reiterate my support for the triparttte pro­ dull, Place the program on a permanent gram for expansion of our fuel oil import You cannot hear the sound of ghostly feet. program to a level that will offer meaning­ These are the dead who march; basis, so that e1Iective long-range plan­ ful relief for the New England consumer These are the men who died ning and investment in facilities can without major home heating oil producers Th81t freedom might forever live within the take place. increasing their domination of the North­ hearU; of men. Our recommendations have been east market. These are the men who died pending since last May, and we are be­ First, the allocation which is presently set That wars might cease coming increasingly concerned at the Bit 40,000 barrels per day should be increased And men might live as brothers. continuing delays. We hope that action to 100,000 barrels per day as soon as possi­ Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp ble. It has been estimated that an increase The ghostly line files by. will be taken soon, so that the No.2 fuel to approximately 100,000 barrels per day Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp oil program initiated by President Nixon could result in a retail price reduction of The line of those who came again home with last year can be made more e1Iective and approximately 1¢ per gallon to the home­ mind and body the objectives announced by the Presi­ owner. Far less sound than when they left dent can be achieved. Second, to avoid the controlled market Stretches beyond the far perimeter of time Mr. President, I call the attention of sltua,tion in the Caribbean, the requirement Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp my colleagues to three excellent state- that No. 2 imports under this allocation Eight abreast, thirty files a minute must come from only western hemisphere See the host pass by. ments presented at the Senate hear­ sources should be eliminated forthwith. With But do not falter now. The parade ls long ings--by Senator EDWARD BROOKE, and the opening of the Syrian tapline and the The hours pass and then a day by spokesmen for the New England Fuel reduction in tanker transportation costs, And still no end, Institute and the Independent Fuel Ter­ there are definite economies to be achieved But be not weary with the ghostly throng mimal Operators Association-and I in­ by importing oil from sources o·utside the For it must pass along the avenues of time sert them at this point in the REcoRD: Caribbean. With a tramp, tramp, tramp Third, no matter what level the alloca­ Eight abreast, thirty files a minute STATEMENT OF SENATOR EDWARD W. BROOKE tion is set at, it is the only segment o·f the Tramp, tramp, tramp, tramp Mr. Cha,irman, for the second successive oil import program which is referred to as The maimed and bloody crew. year this subcommittee is meeting in the "temporary". There ls every .reason to be­ You still must stand and watoh th1s parade early !all to consider the grave situation fac­ lieve that there is much pressure on the pass by. ing the consumers of residential and indus- Administration to abolish the allocation to September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34069 independent terminal operators and put tha.t being of seven out of ten New Englanders the hardware--that is the physical facllities oil back in the crude pool which would then who heat their homes with oil. to bring oil into the New England market be distributed to major refiners. Therefore, The problem of oil prices, shortages and from anywhere in the world, and indeed, this allocation must be made a permanent threats of shortages of home heating oil in when they were allowed to do so before the part of the program. New England stem from the fact that every oil program was initiated, they were able to Even though home heating oil supplies drop of oil used in New England must come compete effectively with the major com­ have commanded most of the asttention of into the area by ship. New England has no oil panies and bring to New England jobbers this subcommittee, recent deterioration in production or refineries of its own. Nor does and small retail distributors an alternative the industrial fuel oil market, has perhaps it produce any coal or natural gas. There are source to major company supplies. been the most alarming of all. During the limited amounts of hydro-power available in The oil import program, of course, changed year, several towns and cities in New England New England but by and large, our region all that by forcing independent terminal op­ have faced dangerously short supplies of this runs on oil, and every barrel of oil must come erators to acquire their supplies from a small basic fuel. New supplies, when available, are by ship. number of major companies with refining sometimes two and three times more expen­ Fortunately, New England is blessed with capacity located inside the U.S. market. In sive than the previous year's supply. Perhaps a number of fine harbors and under normal short, the independent terminal opera.tors nothing cries out for price controls under circumstances could expect to bring oil into are forced into the incongruous position of the Administration's new economic program our region priced competitively with any having to compete for jobber business with more than do residual fuel oil prices. Unlike other area in the country. Unfortunately, the very same companies upon whom they our problems with home heating oil, controls normal market price transactions--normal are dependent for an adequate supply at a under the Mandatory Oil Import Program flow of oil--cannot take place. Why? Because reasonable price. are not the problem, because residual oil im­ as of 1959 New England, like the rest of a As this committee knows, we in New Eng· ports are exempt from controls. When placed 43 state area, has been subject to mandatory land have experienced difficulties as a result side by side with those controll1ng No. 2, oil import controls. These controls negate of the quota system in obtaining necessary residual fuel import regulations highlight New England's natural advantage of deep fuel oil supplies ever since the winter of the paradoxes and inequities of the Manda­ water harbor facilities because they prevent 1966-67. Each winter since, the supply situ­ tory Oil Import Program. This program leaves New England distributors from importing ation has grown more severe and only emer­ one product without controls while enforcing foreign oil (apart from heavy fuel oil, which gency allocations from the Oil Import Ap· tight limitations on other and, in some cases, as is known, is allowed entry). peals Board prevented home owners from direct substitute products. Last year East Coast deep water terminal running out of oil. Finally, Mr. Chairman, I hope that the Last year for the first time, there was a operators were for the first time, granted on ray of hope. An Oil Import Quota of 40,000 deliberations of this subcommittee will ex­ a trial basis, a dally import quota of 40,000 amine not only the present price, supply, barrels of #2 home heating oil. The quot a barrels was allocated to independent termi­ and demand situation in each of these im­ nal operators starting in June of last year stipulated that this product had to be im­ and continuing through 1971. This positive portant petroleum products but also the ported from western Hemisphere sources dubious prospects for attempts to reinstitute step was viewed at the time as a break­ dally from the Caribbean area. We wish to through which would lead to price relief some form of controls on residual fuel oil. address ourselves to that program at some Although progress in increasing supplies of for New England consumers as well as ade­ length, further on in our testimony. Apart quate supplies during last winter's season. No. 2 has been slow, it has been most meas­ from that limited exception New England urable and significant in the last two years Unfortunately, the terminal operators were deep water terminal operators, including required to purchase the 40,000 barrels per of this Administration. New controls on major company terminal operators must rely residual oil would surely negate what little day solely from Western Hemisphere sources. on domestic U.S. Supply Sources for all of This restriction was a harmful and inequita­ progress has already been made to eliminate their product requirement. Since we have no New England's fuel and energy problems. ble one. Within a few months from the time refineries in New England, we must, in effect, that the quota allocations were granted, import refined products from other parts of STATEMENT BY NEW ENGLAND FUEL INSTITUTE prices for home heating oil in the Caribbean the country. area rose from 6.5¢ per gallon to 9.5¢ per gal­ Mr. Chairman, I am Robert DeBlois, Chair­ Unfortunately, there have been no re­ lon, an increase of almost 50%. New England man of the Board of New England Fuel fineries built on the East Coast of the U. S., consumers were denied price relief by the Institute. I am accompanied this morning by since the mandatory oil import program was companies who controlled the vast majority Donald Craft, President and Mr. Charles H. initiated 12 years ago. Moreover, East Coast of Caribbean home heating oil companies. Burkhardt, Executive Vice President of the demand for product is well over double the Still, the program did have a positive im­ Institute. The New England Fuel Institute volume produced in East Coast refineries. pact. The a.dded supplies gave New England is an association covering the six state region, Thus we must look to the U.S. Gulf Coast its first winter in five years completely free of with a membership of 1,143 retail and whole­ areas for a substantial part of our supplies. fear and threat of shortages. While the major sale home heating oil dealers and distribu­ The point we are trying to make Senator, is impaot on price that had been hoped for did tors. Members of our organization sell nearly that the heart of the refining industry is not materia.llze, independent deep water 75% of the #2 home heating oil in New located in the Gulf Coast area and New Eng­ terminal operators were able to competitively England. In addition, a number of our mem­ land, by a quirk of geography, happens to defend their business vigorously and in some bers retail substantial quantities of heavy be at the farthest end of the supply line. cases seek new business. For those of us in fuel (#6) oil and also operate deepwater These geographical facts coupled with the the busines as jobbers and retailers there was terminals. inability, because of the oil import program, more competition by alternate suppliers bid­ Before proceeding I want to thank you 1\u. to buy home heating oil in world markets at ding for our business. During the last half Chairman, for the vigorous and effective work competitive market prices have placed New of the home heating oil season discounts to you have done over the past several years on England in the position of paying higher jobbers and distributors became general for behalf of the small heating oil retailers of prices for home heating oil than any other the first time in more than five years. New England and the thousands of cons"Lun­ region of the country. The inequities of this However, more and more substantial relief ers who depend on fuel oil in our area. This situation are obvious. is needed if the taste of competitive pricing, Committee has held a number of hearings What we have here, is a major oil import which we jobbers and distributors enjoyed on New England's unique fuel problems. I am quota system justified on the basis of na­ last year, is to become meaningful this win­ sure you realize, Mr. Chairman, that your tional security, which causes prices in one ter and for the future. The 40,000 barrels per efforts and those of the other members of the particular region of the country to be dis­ day import quota should be sharply expanded New England Senatorial and Congressional proportionately higher than in others. I! one to at least 100,000 barrels per day through delegation have distinctly helped spotlight accepts the thesis, which we do not, that 1972 and by January 1st, 1973 there should the inequities of the existing import system there is a valid national security justification be complete decontrol of the #2 home heat­ as it affects New England consumers. Your for the oil import program, we are in effect, ing oil imports into the East Coast. Of even efforts also have achieved some measure of paying more than our pro rata share of what more importance is the Western Hemisphere r elief from the cycle of supply shortages and should be a national burden. It is particu­ purchase restriction. This should be lifted so high prices that have characterized our larly unfortunate that the region that has that terminal operators are allowed to buy region during recent years. We are sure that to pay the highest prices for home heating supplies from all free world markets at lower this very constructive hearing will furth er oil is the very region that needs and uses prices than are currently available in the assist us and New England Consumers in more heating oil per capita than any other Caribbean. winning the greater relief .that is so urgently in the country. This committee may be fnterested in how needed. There is another inequity Mr. Chairman, we view the prospect for supply and prices Mr. Chairman, we think it would be helpful imposed on small businessmen by the Oil for this winter and the future. The price pic­ right at the outset to describe once again Import Program. We refer, of course, to the ture is, of course, still clouded somewhat by the reasons that lie behind the disproportion­ competitive inequity caused by the size and the Presidential freeze now in effect. Prior to ate prices New Englanders must pay for the economic strength of the major integrated the price freeze, one large refiner had an­ heating oil they buy to heat thelr homes. oil companies as well as the dependent po­ nounced a schedule of price increases on the We are talking about a commodity that is not sition the qur home heating oil this year Mr. Chairman, we suggest that all these trends point in one direction. None of us adequate supplies of fuel oil, at reasonable and for the future. We refer, Mr. Chairman, prices, for the consumers of our area. to a number of substitutions that are being can be too confident of the adequacy of sup­ plies at reasonable prices of the product that The Institute is grateful for the efforts made which could cause an unusual in~rease we _are discussing here this mornl.ng. It is which culminated in establishment of the in demand for home ·heating oil. We will special program alloWing for importation of clte ·a "few examples to musttate this point: clear to us that larger volumes of home heat­ ing .oil must be allowed entry and that the 40,000 barrels per day of No. 2 fuel into the . (1) Pollution controls g6verning the sul­ Western Hemispheric restriction on such im­ Northeastern states; this program assured phur content in heavy fuel on· have been ports must be eliminated. We would hope adequate supplies for New England in the adopted by a number of s~tes. Your own this committe-e will make" recommendations Winter of 1970-11. state of New Hampshire now requires sul­ to this effect in the strongest possible terms. Viewing the future, the New England Fuel phur levels not to exceed 2.2% by weight In support ·of this we are submitting as Institute is deeply concerned about three of heavy fuel oil (#6). Next year that level an attachment to this testimony, NEFI's aspects relating to No. 2 fuel oil. Will be reduced to 1.5 %. In my state of statement of position on this issue, dated 1. Demand. The Oil and Gas Journal pro­ Rhode Island and in neighboring states as May lOth. OUr recommendations at this time jects a 10-15% increase in demand during the of October 1 this year, no heavy fuel oil can would be identical to those in this May lOth latter half of 1971. NEFI agrees With this be brought into the state with sulphur levels position paper, namely: projection, but warns that it could prove low exceeding 1% by weight. In Boston and a 1. Suspension as soon as possible Of the for the New England area due to the fol­ number of contiguous communities in Mas· Western Hemisphere purchase Umitation in lowl.ng factors: record demand for No. 2 fuel sachusetts, sulphur levels are to be reduced the No. 2 fuel oil program for District 1. by utilities; mcrea-sed consumption by small by October 1st,_ to ¥2 of 1%; while in New This Will enable independent deepwater ter­ apartment and factory buildings, convert­ York City and New Jersey the permitted sul­ minal operators to purchase more reasonably ing from No. 6 burners to meet anti-pollu­ phur levels will drop to three tenths of 1% . priced supplies available at European refin· tion standards; increased use of No. 2 fuel By January 1972 every state must file an eries, 1.n blending with high sulfur No. 6 oil, to meet more stringent anti-pollution rules go­ implementation plan With the federal gov­ 2. An immediate increase in the import ernment showing what requirements they level under the No. 2 fuel program from ing into effect during 1971-72. propose, to meet the primary ambient air 40,000 barrels per day to 100,000 barrels per 2. Supply. Because of high nationwide de­ standards as required by 1975 as provided fox day. mand for distillate fuels, domestic refineries by last year's Federal Clean-A_ir ~egislation. 3. An iinmediate confirmation that tht}.NO. may not produce adequate amounts for the All of these controls will require a vast in­ 2 fuel program will be extended through coming winter. The supply picture 1.n the crease in the volume of low.' sulphur heavy 1972. Caribbean is bleak; major refiners in the fuel oil sold on the Eas-t Coast of the U.S. 4. On January 1, 1973, complete decontrol area Will have little product available for _ O!le_ way in_:which companies are meeting of No. 2 fuel oil imports into District I (the importation into New England and only wt these strict sulphur standar~~ is by blen<:~­ very high prices. East ,Coast) . 3. Price. Prospects for the Winter of 1971- ing _low _s~lphur home heating oil (#2) V.:ith Finally, Mr. Chairman, we woUld like to high sulphur ~eavy fu~~ _oil to meet reqmre­ 72 are not good. The wholesale (cargo) price comment briefly on the recent proposal by of No. 2 fuel oil will be increased along the ments. Here then, is a whole new use for home the Oil Import Administration that existing heating oil which is already substantial and East Coast, by 1.3 cents per gallon by the regulationS covering the l.mportation of No. 6 end of 1971. These price moves will mean which will grow even more as addi~ional fuel oil be amended. We strongly oppose the states adopt stricter sulphur levels. It is this added costs to consumers of New England o1 suggested changes or indeed any change, _that $60 million per year. situation, as all admit, that has caused the could lead to a reimposition of import re­ tight supply situation in the Caribbean area. strictions on No. 6 fuel. We are deeply con­ Recommendations (2). Another kind of pollution control al­ cerned ·with the intent of the proposed rule The New England Fuel Institute urges ready in effect in the metropolitan Boston change and believe that they could involve that Federal Oil Import policies be changed area is a requirement that all buildings burn­ a fundamental shift of oil l.mport policy. to meet the problems outlined above. Spe­ ing heavy fuel oil ( # 5 & #6) , at a rate of The East Coast currently imports some 90% cifically we recommend: 20 gallons per hour or less must be con':erted of its requirements of this product because 1. Suspension on or before June 1, of the to #2 home heating oil or gas. We estimate U. S. refineries have systematically reduced Western Hemisphere purchase llinitation 1.n -that there are some 14,000 buildings in the the volume of No. 6 fuel oil produced over the No.2 fuel oil program for District I. This metropolitan Boston Air Shed and its 20 sur­ the last 20 years. At present, domestic plans will enable independent deepwater terminal rounding cities and towns that have had to sl.mply do not come anywhere close to pro­ operators to purchase more reasonably priced -make this conversion. We think it is reason­ ducing enough No.6 oil to meet demands. supplies available at European refineries. able to estimate that these buildings on the The liberalization of No.6 oil import quotas 2. An immediate increase 1.n the import average wm consume #2 home heating oil in 1965 was a direct result of strong and level under the No. 2 fuel program from at a rate of between 30,000 to 38,000 gallons persistent efforts by New England and other 40,000 barrels per day to 100,000 barrels per per year. This all adds up to a minimum of East Coast Congressional Delegations. All of day. 10 million barrels of new demand for home the benefit from that extensive and protract­ 3. An immediate confirmation that the heating oil as a re:?ult of air pollution regu­ ed effort is now being jeopardized. When a No.2 fuel program will be extended through lations. Obviously, to the extent that such system works well and imports are freely 1972. regulations are adopted in other states the allowed, it seems to us there has to be a 4. On January 1, 1973, complete decontrol demand for home heating oil could further reason for suddenly changing the regulations. of No. 2 fuel oil imports into District I (the skyrocket. . The new allocation system would certainly East Coast) . (3) . Electric utilities in New England and be more cumbersome than the present one. New York have purchased jet-type turbine What the Oil Import Administration appears STATEMENT OF ARTHUR T. SOULE, PRESIDENT, .pow~r plants to drive generators to produce -to be doing is arbitrarily attempting to re- INDEPENDENT FuEL TERMINAL OPERATORS electricity. _'fl}ese j!'lt ~ngine turbines burn impose restrictions on imports of No. 6 fuel ASSOCIATION # 2 oil and the rapidity and extent of con­ oil. Mr. Chairman, t~ank you very much for versl.on to this type of equipment could by We hope ·this committee will take a search­ the privilege of appearing before you today. ltsel!, significantly increase deman_d for boine fng look at these proposed reg\llatiotis and My name· is Arthur T. Soule.· I am President heating oil. investigate the real reasons for the proposed of the Indepem:lent Fuel Terininal Operators September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34071

Association; I am also Vice President of the petitive mechanism in favor of the major oil our competitive situation worsening, we re­ Patchogue Oil Terminal Corporation of companies. These companies have access to evaluated our situation and decided in 1968 Brooklyn, New York, an independent deep­ imports of major quantities of crude oil. For to form the Independent Fuel Terminal Op­ water terminal serving the New York area. example, in 1971, one major oil company erators Association. Our efforts have met Before beginning my formal statement, Mr. alone will import more oil than is received by with some success. But as I will outline Chairman, I should like to commend you, the all the independent deepwater terminal op­ below, we still face many problems. members of this Committee, and the Sen­ erators along the East Coast. 2. NO. 2 FUEL OIL PROGRAM ators, Congresmen and Governors from New We have always been vigorous competitors As I indicated, a major recognition of our England and the Northeast for your persistent and believe in freedom of competition. How­ fight on behalf of independent marketers problems was provided by President NiXon ever, since 1959, when the Mandatory on last year with the promulgation of Presi­ and consumers of No. 2 fuel oil. It has been, Import Program was placed into effect, the as you know, a long, hard effort, but we have dential Proclamation 3990. That Proclama­ Federal Government has made decision after tion provided that 40,000 b/d of No. 2 fuel made progress. We are deeply grateful for decision on import policy questions in favor your leadership, for the series of fact-finding oil could be imported during the last six of the large integrated oil companies. One months of 1970 from western Hemisphere hearings and inquiries into the problem con­ exception, as this Oommittee knows, was ducted by this Committee, and for the con­ refineries, by indepenqent deepwater terminal Proclamation 3990 issued by President NiXon operators and certain other marketers who tinuing support of the public officials of the on June 17, 1970 which, for the first time, Northeastern states. did business in District I (the East Coast recognized the special competitive, price and from Maine to Florida) . The Program was I am appearing today on behalf of the In­ supply problems of No. 2 fuel oil in the dependent Fuel Terminal Operators Associa­ extended-at the 40,000 b/d level-through Northeastern states. We were understandably 1971. tion, whose 16 members operate oil terminals very pleased at the President's action. along the East Coast from Maine to Florida. Unfortunately, however, the Program has Unfortunately, the major oil companies not had the expected impact on prices or A list of members is included with my state­ moved swiftly to assure that the import al­ ment (Attachment A). Our members own or competition. Soon after the Presidential an­ locations which we received did not pro­ nouncement, the major oil companies-that control terminals capable of receiving ocean­ vide the expected benefits. going tankers, and none is affiliated with a I will discuss these problems in a moment, is the two which dominate the Caribbean major oil company. All are qualifled partici­ but thought iiJ might be useful to the Com­ market--raised the No. 2 fuel oil prices pants under the No. 2 fuel ·oil program mittee to have a brief history of the inde­ sharply. A chart of those price moves is in­ established last year by Presidential Pro­ pendent segment of- the heating oil market. cluded as Attachment C. In fact, the prices clamations 3990 and 4018 and Section 30 of Soon after World War II, the major oil com­ which we paid for this product during the the Oil Import Regulation, under which panies found themselves with a surplus of past Winter were so high that the delivered 40,000 b/d of home heating oil is being im­ heating oil, and in order to assure full con­ cost of the oil from Caribbean refineries to por~d into District I (the East Coast). sumption of this oil, encouraged us and New York and Boston was about the same as I should like to discuss four major topics: other independent marketers of fuel oil to the delivered cost of oil from Texas and first, deep-water terminal operations and the develop facilities-particularly deepwater ter­ Louisiana refineries. Because there was no history of our part of the oil business; second, minals-through which this oil could be mar­ significant price differential, the program the. No. 2 fuel oil import program initiated keted. This we did and many of us built did little to strengthen our competitive posi­ last year; third, the current situation in the strong, successful businesses. And the major tion vis-a-vis the major oil companies or to fuel oil markets of the Northeast; and fourth, oil companies provided us with ample sup­ provide price relief for consumers. om: speciflc recommendations for changes in plies, on long term and/or annual contract at The new program did, however, have a ma­ current oil import policies. reasonable prices from tpeir domestic refin­ jor impact on supply; this past Winter-for eries. the first time in 5 years-there were no short­ 1. THE DEEPWATER TERMINAL BUSINESS However·; conqitions began to change after ages or threats of shortages in the Northeast A deepwater terminal is a facility com­ 1959 under the impact of the Oil Import Pro­ at any time. For this we, and all of the posed ·of a dock which can, as I have indi­ gram. The effect of import controls was to Northeast, were grateful. cated, receive an ocean-going tanker; hoses raise the cost of crude oil -to refineries; the The reason the program has not been and pipes for withdrawing oil from the ship; higher prices, in turn, forced a re-examina­ fully effective is very clear. As I mentioned storage tanks; and a "rack" or loading sys­ tion of refinery economics. As a result, the above, the No. 2 fuel oil which we import tem through which oil is pumped from the refiners sought the maximum monetary yield must be "manufactured in the Western storage tanks to barges for further shipment from each barrel of crude oil and thus made Hemisphere from crude oil produced in the over water, or is pumped into trucks which every effort to maximize the production of Western Hemisphere". This effectively limits carry the fuel oil to homes. A deepwater gasoline-the product· yielding the highest us to the Caribbean, and to a market where terillln¥ is the initial point in the distribu­ profit. Throughout the decade of the 1960's, two major oil companies control nearly two­ tion system for No. 2 fuel oil in the North­ more and more refiners installed sophisti­ thirds of the refining capacity. If the pro­ eastern states, particularly in New England. cated hydro-cracking equipment which up­ gram is to be fully effective, if the goals No. 2 fuel oil coming into the area can be ped gasoline output and steadily reduced which the President established are to be either shipped from a U.S. refinery or im­ the refinery yield of No. 6 and No. 2 fuel achieved, we must be freed from this restric­ ported from a foreign source. Parts of the oils. tion; we must be able to purchase oil from .East Ooast are also served by pipelines which Assured supplies of No.2 fuel oil were grad­ any free world source on the same basis as transport No. 2 fuel from Texas and Louisi­ ually withdrawn from the inde~endent seg­ purchasers of crude oil. ana, but as one moves farther north, the ment of the market; much of the remaining On February 3, 1971 we formally requested dependence on ship-borne supplies becomes No. 2 fuel oil product was fed through the General George A. Lincoln, Chairman of the greater; and all the fuel oil coming into New major oil companies outlets. Beginning in Oil Policy Committee, to suspend the West­ England arrives by water. the Winter of 1966-67, many of our members ern Hemisphere purchase limitation; on Deepwater terminals can, of course, be were forced increasingly to rely on the spot April 14 we provided additional information owned by major oil companies or by inde­ market for supplies, as contracts were term­ and asked that a ·decision be made in the pendent businessmen like ourselves. We com­ inated by the majors. Many terminal opera­ near future. pete with the major on companies at the tors experienced absolute shortages of prod­ In response, the Oil Policy Committee and terminal level; in other businesses this would uct, and many deepwater terminal tanks the Office of Emergency Preparedness ini­ be considered the wholesale level. Where were empty for weeks during the several re­ tiated a study of the No. 2 fuel oil situation there is vigorous competition, the independ­ cent winters. and commendably sent to independent deep­ ent retailer or jobber who sells oil to home­ An equally critical trend of recent years-­ water terminal operators and to the major oil for both terminal operators and consumers-­ companies questionnaires designed to gather owners benefits by the existence of alterna­ has been steady upward climb in the price tive sources of supply-that is, the majors factual information about the true state of No. 2 fuel on. In August 1964, the cargo of the market. Unfortunately, the 011 Policy and ourselves. The experience in our business price charged by the major oil companies has been that where the independent deep­ Committee has not yet been able to :reach was 8.3 cents per gallon; in May 1971 it was a decision; one of -the reasons, we under­ water terminal operator is strong, the inde­ 11.1 cents per gallon and by January 1, 1972, pendent segment of the market down-the­ stand, is. the major work-load placed upon is scheduled to reach 12.1 cents. Thus, in the the Office of Emergency Preparedness as a line is also strong; and where the major oil period of 8 years, the cargo price for this companies dominate they generally domina·te result of the President's New Economic Pol­ vital product has increased more than 40%. icy announced on August 15. or own the distribution system all the way Further evidence of our competitive prob­ down the line. We hope that a decision will be forthcom­ lems was the continuing disappearance of ing in the very near future. We need access Our basic problem has been that we-the independent deepwater terminal operators deepwater terminal operators-are forced to through acquisition by the major oil com­ to European refineries• and we need addi­ compete at the terminal level with the same tional imports if this program is to be suc­ panies, as the majors expanded their out- cessful and effective. We understand-= the people who sell us product-a-the major oil lets and control of the heating oil markets oompMlies. This is a classic competitive prob­ along the East Coast. Attached to my state- reasons for delay, but the Winter will be upon ·lem, wtth which, I am sure, the Committee·is _ment is a list of independent deepwater ter­ u~ soon. a~d we must have e~c:>ugh - time to familiar. The particular diftlculty 1n this case minal operators who have be~n acquired l;>y is that -th&. Federai Government--through the majors since 1959 (Att~hment B). ·· • Attachment ·n comPares ·(feiivered prices ·the on. Import Program-has-intervened in .:'with -many .of- our mei:nbers-disappearing, of No. 2 fuel oU from the Carlbbean -and the market place and distorted the ·com.• supplies growing tight, prices escal.a.ting,·and Europe. ·- . - --· -··. - .. 34072 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 plan effectively for the importation of suffi­ tent of no more than .3 of 1% ; in Connecti­ fuel oil can be imported at the most competi.. cient quantities of reasonably priced oil. cut, Rhode Island and parts of Massachu­ tive pl'ices. No. 2 fuel oil is in short supply In summary, the frame-work has been es­ setts; the maximum is 1% ; in other parts in the Caribbean, and what's available is ex­ tablished for an effective import program for of Massachusetts, it is Y2 of 1%. pensive. Access to a wider range of supplies No. 2 fuel oil into the East Coast. What we No. 2 fuel oil is by i·ts nature a low-sulfur in other parts of the Free World will assure seek, as I shall indicate, is improvement and product, with a sulfur level of below .3 of that the import program achieves the goals expansion of that program. 1%; thus it will be in increasing demand established by the President-"to alleviate ... 3. THE CURRENT SITUATION for direct burning and for blending with the price, the supply and the competitive high sulfur No.6 oil. situation in connection with No.2 fuel oil .. . I should like to take a moment to describe In summary, it is clear to us that No. 2 on the East Coast, particularly New England the current situation in the No. 2 fuel oil fuel oil demand will rise sharply this Win­ and the Middle Atlantic states." market as we see it. ter, and a crisis could develop, particularly Third, the import levels of No. 2 fuel into -~ :FirSt, ~s to prices. There is no clear indica­ if the weather is extremely cold. Our basic District I should be raised to a level of 80,- tion as to what will happen upon the ex­ view is that no chances should be taken in 000 to 100,000 b/d. At this level, there could piration of the price freeze in mid-November, view of past supply problems that have be a significant impact on prices and compe­ but as this Comlilittee knows, the Humble Oil plagued the Northeastern states. That is why tition--and we would be prepared to embark Company last Sprinc announced that it we believe the Federal Government should upon the storage expansion program out­ would place into effect a series of cargo price move and move quickly to assure a signifi­ lined above. iPcreases by the eJ?.d of·this year that would cantly higher level of imports, to assure Fourth, we urge that these decisions be -add ·1 eent· per gallon. to the wholesale price. that regardless of the swings of demand there made promptly, so that we may plan effec­ This, if carried out, would obviously have a will be enough oil-at reasonable prices-for tively for the coming Winter; so that we may major inflationary impact. every homeowner in the coming Winter. purchase the reasonably priced oil now ava.il· In addition, last Spring the Humble Oil Before turning to our specific recommenda­ able at European refineries and so that we Company and other major marketers removed tions, . Mr. Chairman, I should like to add a may begin to restore our independent busi• the differential between the barge and the word about No. 6 fuel oil. Last month the nesses as strong competitive factors in the cargo (i.e. terminal) price for No. 2 fuel oil. Oil Import Administration issued proposed fuel oil markets of the Northeast. This may not seem like much, nor is it readily regulations which we believe would mark Mr. Chairman, in conclusion, I should like understandable to the public, but what it a major shift in U.S. import policies re­ to thank you and the members of the Com­ means to us ·is that the major oil companies garding this vital product. The proposed mittee for your continuing etforts on behalt are using their market power and market regulations would establish a new system of of the marketers and consumers of heating control to eliminate the profit margin from allocation which would set ceiling on imports oil. We are grateful for the opportunity of ap­ a segment of business formerly enjoyed by and provide the OIA with the means, if it pearing before you today and will be pleased the independent deepwater terminal opera­ should so decide, for placing sharp restric­ to respond to any questions that you may tor. We have customarily -sold a portion of tions on import allocations of No. 6 oil into have. No. 2 fuel oil through a distribution chain Ea.st Ooast. This is an issue of great impo-r­ which runs from our deepwater terminal fa­ ATTACHMENT A-MEMBERS, INDEPENDENT FUEL tance to New England and the other states TERMINAL OPERATORS ASSOCIATION cilities to a barge operator for further ship­ of the Northeast which depend heavily on ment by water up smaller rivers. Needless to imported supplies of No. 6 oil. It is a matter Belcher Oil Company, Miami, Florida: say, at each stage along the system, a price which should not be decided by the Oil Im­ Northeast Petroleum Corp., Chelsea, Massa­ differential must exist if the seller is to make port Administration through Federal Register chusetts. any profit. Independent terminal operators procedures, but ra\her through a thorough Burns Brothers Preferred, Inc., Brooklyn, must make profit at each particular reseller and searching examination by the Oil Policy New York; Northvllle Industries, Corp., Mel­ level. In this case, by removing the differen­ Committee, the Office of Emergency Pre­ ville, New York. tial between one reseller stage and another­ paredness and other agencies and considera­ Cirillo Brothers Thrminal, Inc., Bronx, New that is, the cargo level and the barge level­ tion by the appropriate members of Congress. York; Patchogue 011 Terminal Corp., Brook­ the majors have placed us at a competitive That is why we are filing comments with the lyn, New York. disadvantage, which has had a severe impact Oil Import Administration opposing any Colonial Oil Industries, Inc., Savannah, on our ability to stay in business. change in the current allocation system. We Georgia; Ross Terminal Corp., Bayonne, New We would have .no problem with this devel­ hope that the Committee will support this Jersey. opment if it occurred in a free market and position and alert the public to the implica­ Deepwater Oil Terminal, Quincy, Massa­ if we did not have to depend on our direct tio!lB of the proposed residual fuel oil alloca­ chusetts; Seaboard Enterprises, Inc., South competitors, the majors, for our supplies and tion system. Boston, Massachusetts. if we had free access to overseas supplies. But, Eastern Seaboard Petroleum CQ., Inc.; 4. RECOMMENDATIONS as I have described, this is not the case. And Jacksonville, Florida; Union Oil Company of this recent developn... ent underscores once The Independent Fuel Terminal Operators Boston, Revere, Massachusetts. again the need for a more effective import Assooiation has made its recommendations Gibbs Oil Company, Revere, Massachu­ program for No. 2 fuel oil. formally to the Oil Policy Committee and as setts; Webber Tanks, Inc., Bucksport, Maine. As for supplies of No. 2 fuel oil in _the I have indicated, we hope that they will be Meenan Oil Company, New York, New coming Winter, a precise answer is not pos­ acted upon in the near future. For the con­ York; Wyatt, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut. sible. There are many hidden factors and venience of the Committee, I should like to "include in the Record a series of submissions ATTACHMENT B-INDEPENDENT DEEPWATER TER­ unknown trends. But we do know that there MINAL OPERATORS ACQUIRED BY MAJOR OIL will . be a significant increase in (iemand. which we have made to the Office of Emer­ gency Preparedness and the Oil Polley Com­ COMPANIES AND REFINERIES IN NEW ENGLAND, The Oi l and Gas Journal projects an in­ mittee which contain those requests. In NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY, AND GEORGIA-FLORIDA crease during the October-December period order to save the time of the Committee this AREAS SINCE 1959 of 10% over 1970 . . we believe this conserv­ morning, I should like to summarize them New England ative, due to a number of factors: First, briefly: Atlantic Sales Terminal Corp., Portsmouth, the increased use of No. 2 for blending to First, the No. 2 fuel oil import program N.H., Shell (Sprague). make low sulfur residual fuel oil to meet should be made $l. permanent part of the Oil Ballard Oil Co., New Haven, Conn., Amer- the anti-pollution standards now going into Import Program. The No. 2 program is pres­ ada Hess. effect in the Northeastern states. Second, the ently viewed as "experimental" and "tem­ Buckley Bros., Bridgeport, Conn., Shell. installation of No. 2 fuel oil burning equip­ porary", subject to extension or cancellation C. H. Sprague & Sons, Boston, Mass., Shell. ment-in place of No. 6 equipment-by at any time. For example, the imports of No. 2 Ford Oil Co., New Haven, Conn., Texaco. apartment houses, indust rial plants and util­ fuel could be cut off on January 1, 1972. We Hartol Petroleum Corp., from Massachu- ities. Our members have noted a sharp in­ are obviously unable to plan effectively or to setts to North Carolina (18 terminals), Ten­ crease in demand for No. 2 fuel from many make intelligent long-range decisions. In neco. new users this year; most are consumers short, it's not a good way to do business. who had formerly purchased No. 6 oil in Hoffman Fuel Co., New Haven, Conn., If the program is established on a per­ Standard of Cal. large quan tities. Third, a shift to No. 2 and manent basis with a significant level of im­ Jenny Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass., No. 6 oil by ·major users. such as utilities, ports assured, we would be prepared to make who had formerly relied on gas. • The grow­ Cities Service. major investments in terminal stor-age fa· Paragon Oil, from Rhode Island to New ing shortage of natural gas is expected to cilities. This increased storage capacity would place added pressure on No. 2 and low-sul­ Jersey, Texaco. be consistent with the national security ob­ St ate Fuel, Boston, Mass., Amerada. Hess. phur No. 6 fuel supplies, as more and more jectives of the Oil Import Progr-am and would users turn to fuel oil as the source of power. T.A.D. Jones, New Haven, Conn., Gulf. guarantee that ample supplies o! heating White Fuel Corp., Boston, Mass., Texaco. As is obvious from the factors entered fuels were always available in the North­ above, the major cause of the escalation in eastern states. In addition, these new in­ New York-New Jersey No. _2 fuel oil demand is the anti-pollution vestments would mean substantia.l employ­ (In addition to Hartol and Paragon, listed regulations going into etfect. Fuel oil in New ment for construction personal in the New above) York a:nd New_Jersey must have a sulfur con- York and New England areas. Blue Ridge Fuel, New York, N.Y., Texaco. Second, the ·Western Hemisphere purch4ae Coastal Petroleum, Newark, N.J., Contl­ ~ See Attachment l!l. limi~tlo;n. should be removed, so that No. 2 nel.ltal. September 29, 19·7i CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD:_ HOUSE 34073" Deepwater Oil Co. (Whale 011), Brooklyn, In Houston, JohnS. Burton, Transco sen­ between the u.s. Department of Agri­ N.Y., Amoco. ior vice president, said the pipeline company culture and the Pennsylvania Agricul­ Mid Hudson Oil Co., Poughkeepsie, N.Y., had filed a petition with the Federal Power tural Experiment Station at State Amerada Hess. Commission on Monday asking it to lift a College. Tappan Tanker Terminal, Inc., Hastings­ present limit on the company's purchase of I have been concerned for several years on-Hudson, Mobil. higher-cost Texas gas. The Public Service Commission, in Albany, about the serious environmental damage Georgia-Florida said the Federal Power Commission had called caused by the gypsy moth, which is a Delhi Taylor Oil Co., Jacksonville, Fla., a conference for Sept. 17 in Washington for major threat to forests and ornamental Amerada Hess. pipeline companies serving the Northeast, trees in the Northeast part of the coun­ Southern State Oil Co., Jacksonville, Fla.• as well as for utility regulating bodies, to try. I have been working with the Na­ Triangle Refineries. explore the Transco situation and other tional Gypsy Moth Advisory Council in Southland Oil Corp., Savannah, Ga., Signal problems. on co. For the last year or more, the gas industry attempting to find solutions to this criti­ has reported a squeeze, with demand increas­ cal problem and to provide sufficient ATTACHMENT C.-NO. 2 FUEL OIL, POSTED CARGO ing while new-well drilling has fallen off, Federal funds to carry out the necessary PRICE, CARIBBEAN PORTS assertedly in part because of Federal pricing research. (In cents per l!allonl policies. The damage caused by these insects is The P.S.C. has been investigating whether dorie during the caterpillar stage. Areas it should set up a priority system for new fsso Aruba, Shell customers or even curtall present uses of of Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New Jer­ Netherlands, Cardon, sey, and New York were particularly W.l. Venezuela gas. Its next hearing is due in Albany on Sept. 22. hard hit this summer. In fact, Henry M. Deliveries cut 7 pet. Nixon, dir·ector of the bureau of plant June 30, 1970 ______6.5 6. 5 industry in the Pennsylvania Depart- · July 30, 1970 . ______7. 5 7.5 Transco supplies more than 70 per cent Aug. 17, 1970 ______8.5 8. 5 of Con Edison's gas. William Wall, the utll­ ment of Agriculture, has described the Nov. 25, 1970 ______9.0 9.5 ity's senior vice president for · ~as operations, gypsy motll: as ~ tile No: 1 insect Jan. 4, 1971 ------9.5 9. 5 said the pipeline concern had first told utm-· June 16, 197L ______10.0 9.0 pr@lem in Pen;nsylva.nia. /'1$ an. exanwle June lB. 1971 ______10.0 10.2 ties hete it could meet"' onlY" 93 per cent of as how the damage caused by the pest Aug. 4, 1971 ______9. 5 10.2 its commitments. -· · ·· Aug. 16. 1971 ______9.5 9. 7 The resulting 7 per cent curtailment in has increased, in Pennsylvania there deliveries during June was followed ·by a were 800 acres of "heavy defoliation 1n 1969; iii.197·o, 10:·ooo a.Cres; and this year, Source: Platt's Oilgram Price Service. June 30 order by the Federal Power Com.:. mission allowing Transco to buy· its ··esti­ 190,500 acres. ATTACHMENT D mated emergency need for the 1971-2 sea· While .there has. .been some _protective son--43.4 billion cubic · feet--from the aerial spraying with an insecticide, there COMPARATIVE PRICES, NO. 2 FUEL OIL-EUROPE AND THE Nueces Industrial Gas Company in Texas. has beeri some objection to the continued CARIBBEAN The Texas company is an intrastate ·sup­ use of this means of controlling the in­ (In cents per gallon) plier, normally free· of Federal regulation and reportedly insistent on staying that way. The sect, because of environmental consider­ Europe Caribbean resulting price was said here to be about a ations. Thus, the development of a syn­ (Italy) (Aruba) third higher than Transco's Louisiana sup­ thetic lure called disparlure looks very ply costs. promising as a method to safely control I. Posted prices: The higher costs of gas purchases are the caterpillars. : F.o.b______7. 3 1 9. 5 passed along automatically to consumers in The study -authorized by USDA at Penn FreighL------11.2 .9 b1lls here. One utility source estimated that State will take about 2¥2 years,- and I am 20 per cent of the cost to a customer here Delivered to Boston very hopeful that the gypsy moth can be (excluding duty) ___ ._._ a 8. 5 10. 4 is the cost in the field, the rest representing delivery across 1,800 miles and locally. controlled before more severe damage is On about Aug. 11, Mr. Wall said, Transco done to our valuable. forested ar~as. as II. Spot f.~i.1e.~:_ _------7_3- 7• 5 8. 8-9.0 well as to trees in residential sections. Freight______2 1. 2 .9 reported that its supply gap was 'recurring ------and asked utillties here to curtail their use Delivered to Boston of the gas. (excluding duty) ___ ._ 3 8. 5-8. 7 9. 7-9.9 Con Edison, according to Mr. Wall, cut back its summer daily use of 360 million SEVEN YEARS AND 187 DAYS t Esso posting; Shell is higher. cubic feet by 65 million, but it has notified 2 Back-haul rate. Transco that it will have to reduce this cut­ 3 Delivered prices from Rotterdam and England are the same; the f.o.b. price is slightly higher, the freight rate from Northern back to 35 mUllan cubic feet today. HON. RICHARD H. POFF. Europe to Boston is slightly lower. Ccp. Edison's cutback has been mainly in OF VIRGIN:lA Source: Platt's Oilgram Price Service, August 4, 1971. . the use of gas for its own power plants; ~t is substituting oil instead. IN T~ HO~s:~n;:>F ttE_P~E·SE:N~A~S . ATTACHMENT E, NEW YORK TIMES, SEPTEMBER T:J;le Brooklyn Union Gas Company said Wednesday, September 29, 1971 · 1972 that by halting interruptible service to cus­ Gas shortage is pinching Con Edison tomers, it had refrained from taking 24 mil­ Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, ·as of this (By Peter Kihss) lion cubic feet of gas a day, to allow Tran~co date i~ has ~en 7 years and 187 days The major supplier of natural gas for to build up needed prewinter storage. since .the first American was taken pris­ the metropolitan area has told Consolidated The Long Island Lighting Company said oner in Vietllam.· For 7 years and 187 Edison and other utilities that it cannot it had relinquished two billion cubic feet days· the families and friends otf ever meet all its commitments at present and may scheduled for delivery by Transco in Au­ 1,600 American servicemen have suf­ have to fall short by 10 per cent on the gust, September and October. fered the terrible· mental anguish of not supply due here this winter. In New Jersey, the Public Service Electric. k.nowirig whether their loved ones are and Gas Company sald tllat any shortage 1t · The difficulties of the supplier, the Trans­ being h~ld prig9ner; .or are dead. Only continental Gas Pipe Line Company, were faced might be met by invoking CUf!tomers' bits and pieces of information have been disclosed yesterday in a report to Governor interruptible service contr8.9ts. Rockefeller from Joseph C. Swidler, chair- , released from. Hanoi on .. the prisoners, man of the State Public Service Commission. and this bas been only when it suited From June 1 to July 4, the report noted, GYPSY MOTH SEX LURE TO BE their own propaganda purposes. · · · · Transco reduced its scheduled deliveries by TESTED BY PENN STATE The most tragic aspect of this situa­ 7 per cent. Con Edison, in turn, has- cut its tion is that it is unnecessary. The Ge­ daily use of natural gas by a third since Aug. neva Convention, to which North Viet­ 13, Mr. Swidler noted. HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER nam is a party, calls for the release· of The P.S.C. chairman reported that Transco had said that its gas sources "depleted un­ OF PENNSYLVAN:lA the names of prisoners, the physical re­ expectedly fast" and that new sources were IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES lease of the sick and wounded, the reg­ ular flow of mail, the proper treatment falling short. Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Purchase approval sought of prisoners, and the international in­ "We are intensively investigating this Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, I spection of prisoner-of-war facilities. threat to gas consumers in New York City and was delighted to learn that a synthetic All nations are to a-bide 'by thiS Con­ elsewhere along the East Coast," Mr. Swidler sex lure of the gypsy moth will be tested vention. Even Nazi Germany generally added. under a $392,000 cooperative agreement lived up to these provisions. 'But North 34074 EXTENSIONS -oF REMARKS September · 29, -1971 Vietnam has not complied with a single Two weeks earlier, after a desperate march thus face our Burma campaign poorly fed article of the Convention, and shows no through mountainous jungle, the regiment and ultimately malnourished." sign of being willing to do so. had set the capstone to Stilwell's career by The men were to go through the campaign capturing Without a fight the airstrip at the poorly fed and ultimately malnourished. The I sincerely hope that the negotiations town of Myitkyina. Surprised by the easy field (K) rations might have been. adequate at Paris will produce some accord. on the victory, he was unable to exploit it and ca.p­ in a temperate climate, but under jungle release of prisoners. Failing this, I can ture the town itself. The Japanese reacted conditions the men slowly starved. "Pleas for only pray that the continued concer~ ?f swiftly, pouring in troops to reinforce the at least a cupful of rice per men in the food the American people, and even a mmi­ small garrison and counterattacking before drops were summarily rejected." mal regard for international opinion and Stilwell recovered from the shock of his Sickness and lack of discipline took a. human decency, will persuade the North good fortune. A potentially rapid end to the heavy toll as soon as they entered the Burma Vietnamese to at least live up to their spring campaign now stretched into a long, jungle. Neglecting to chlorinate their water filthy struggle through the monsoon season. and take their atabrine, in alarming num­ obligations under the Geneva Conven­ Stilwell strove to place the blame on others bers they fell victim to dysentery and tion. If the leaders in Hanoi mean what for this default. General Slim, the British malaria. The malarial rate soon exceeded they say about a desire for peace, they commander of the 14th Army, who claimed 4,000 cases per 1,000 men per year. have an excellent opportunity to demon­ the distinction of actually liking Stilwell, THEY LOOKED TOUGH strate good faith by beginning to release was sent by Mountbatten to calm the old Stilwell was not alarmed. Seeing his men prisoners in proportion to the num~r man's fury. Slim later wrote: · for the first time as they completed a 10-day of American troops withdrawn. The PriS­ "The long drawn-out siege of Myitkyina was a great disappointment to Stilwell. He march from Ledo, he confided to his diary: oners and their families have suffered was extremely caustic about his unfortunate "A tough-looking lot of babies." He did not enough. It is pointless and inhumane for American commanders, accusing them of not speak to them before committing them to the North Vietnamese to continue to use fighting and of k1lling the same Japanese combat---e. slight that was duly noted. But them as pawns. over and over again in their reports. He was he did brace the officers for evacuating men equally bitter about the Chindits (British who were not seriously sick. "He directed the regimental surgeon to troops), complaining that they did not obey straighten out some of the younger, in­ his orders. . . . " experienced medics on how to handle minor GENERAL STILWELL'S WAR WITH It was at this time that a. scandalous situa­ sickness without sending every man with a THE MEDICS tion developed between Stilwell and his medi­ case of diarrhea or a headache to the hos­ cal support. The basic problem actually began pital," the Regimental War Diary notes. long before. From the start, the Marauders After this three-star chewing-out, the HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ were the victims of incredibly indifferent regimental surgeon tightened the evacuation OF CALIFORNIA and shoddy planning, incredible deficiencies in sanitation and engineering, and incredible policy. One of the younger medical officers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES training programs. And, ultimately, they be­ declared: "I know of three line officers who were seriously 111 for one or two weeks before Wednesday, September 29, 1971 came the victims of insatiable military de­ mands. he finally agreed to evacuate them, as well Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Spea.ker, the fol­ as many enlisted men with similar com­ Galahad was destroyed by disease, and plaints. Two of the officers had epidemic lowing article which appeared in the by official indifference and ineptitude. hepatitis, and one had severe bloody September 1971 edition of Medical Opin­ Stilwell was commander of all U.S. Army diarrhea. They only suffered and dragged .ion magazine throws some light on the forces in the China-Burma-India theater along with the column." (CBI). He was Lord Mountbatten's deputy career of Gen. Joseph Stilwell. This The stage was being set for the debacle commander in the BI theater, and as Chiang to come. article is particularly timely since the Kai-shek's chief of staff commander several question of China is once again a center Chinese divisions. For some time he had On 24 February the Marauders started of attention: protested to Washington that he had no their first sweep southward. During the next two weeks they fought 13 actions with the GENERAL STILWELL'S WAR WITH THE MEDICS American combat troops in his command. At Japanese, and on schedule captured (By William H. Crosby, M.D.) last, late in 1943 a small force was put at his disposal. Shaduzup. On 13 March Stilwell wrote in his (NoTE.-Willia.m H. Crosby, M.D. (U. of diary: "Looks like Shaduzup for the rainy It was a volunteer outfit, veterans of com­ season anchorage." Pennsylvania), served 25 years in the U.S. bat in the Southwest Pacific and garrison Army Medical Corps, retiring in 1965 with the But the Marauders went on to take Inka.n­ duty in Trinidad, who ha~ signed on wi~h rank of Colonel. Presently he is Chief of ga.twa.n, after escaping from a disastrous siege the understanding that their tour of duty m at Nhpumga-an action that brought them Hematology at the New England Medical Burma would involve one quick dirty cam­ Center (Boston) and Professor of Medicine to the edge of ruin from infection, malnutri­ paign, whereupon they would be sent home. tion, and fatigue. at Tufts University School of Medicine.) There were many good soldiers, but many In the past year, two books have been were sick, unstable, and undisciplined. One At this point the Marauders were spent. published describing the U.S. Army's partici­ of the battalion surgeons wrote: They expected-indeed, they had been told­ pation in the Burma Campaign during World that they would go into monsoon quarters to "There were Uterany dozens of marked pes recuperate for the season. But Stilwell, with­ war n. One author reports that General planus cases, and many with bone deformi­ Joseph ("Vinegar Joe") Stllwell, in the words out inspecting his troops, had changed his ties ranging from ankyosis of elbow and mind. He would go on to Myitkyina.. From of one admirer, "thought more of his men shoulder joints to herniated intervertebral than any commanding general I have ever this point he was improvising; he had not discs, and inca.p~itating Umi~tion of move­ planned so extended a campaign. Indeed, he known." The other author demonstrates that ment due to residual deformities from auto­ Stilwell was fiercely hated, that he neglected did not even inform Mountbatten's head­ mobile and other accidents. Several were quarters of his intentions. Thus it was that his troops, ordered sick men off their stretch­ found to be totally blind in one eye, and of ers and back into combat, made impossible Mountbatten, even if he wanted to, could not low visual acuity in the other. Some had provide reinforcements. demands upon his men, and cursed them perforated ear drums, others were partially when they coUapsed. or totally deaf due to neural pathology. At Somehow the Marauders summoned the The first of these books, Stilwell and the least a dozen draining pilonidal cysts were stamina to march 90 miles more through the American Experience in China by Barbara jungle, and on 16 May they took the Myit­ found, and many severe hemorrhoid cases." - kyina airstrip. Four hours later the first Al­ Tuchman, is a fulsome exculpation of the These men landed in Bombay on 29 October General's career; were it not for its scholarly lied transport planes landed. Instead of 1943. Although Stilwell knew they were com­ badly-needed reinforcements and food, the gloss, it would qualify as a "family" biog­ ing, no preparations had been made for raphy. The other book, Crisis Fleeting, is a ,planes ca.ITied anti-aircraft. They also their reception. They were . shunted from brought the jubilant Stilwell, and 12 re­ compilation of original reports written dur­ filthy staging camp to equally filthy training ing the campaign depicting the problems of camp, without latrines or adequate mess porters. medical support, and the ways these problems facilities. LOST OPPOR~ITY were compounded by the commanding gen­ "Food and sanitation (in the camp) were Asked about taking the village of Myitkyina., eral. Edited and annotate4 by James H. deplorable," another battalion surgeon com­ garrisoned by only 700 Japanese, Stilwell Stone, a medical historian assigned to the mented. "The food in most instances actu­ only grunted. And while he hesitated, the op­ u .s. &rmy in Burma during the war, it was ally was nauseating in preparation and portunity disappeared. The Japanese rein­ published by the Office of the Surgeon appearance. Hair as well as maggots was in forced the garrison, and then attacked. General. the meat, the vegetables were rotten. The "The opportunity to take Myitkyina at low "0 is just shot," Stilwell jotted into his native Indians who prepared the food were cost and achieve a brilllan success, which pocket diary on 30 May 1944. This cryptic filthy in person and habits." Hunter (the Marauders' commander) be­ note meant that Galahad, code name for lieved could, with adequate planning and Merrill's Marauders--the only American SLOW STARVATION support, have been done in the first two d~ys, troops Stilwell commanded in battle-had He observed ironically, "Nothing could be had been lost," a Marauder officer wrote. To been completely destroyed. gained by training to go Without food and those on the spot it was obvious, from the September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34075 fumbling orders and incompetent direction, futed with regard to the intervention of line curiously indifferent-to the suffering of troops that adequate plans had not been prepared officers in the evacuation process." under his command, Charlton . Ogburn. Jr.• . . . that the command had been thrown off Even those sick Marauders who managed author of The Marauders, who fought in this balance by the ease with which the strip was to get to the rear area hospitals and con­ campaign, considered the General "bloodless· taken, and had no strategy with which to valescent camps were rounded up and sent and utterly cold-hearted, without a drop of follow up that initial success." back to the front. Col. I. S. Ravdin, who human kindness." He repeatedly demon­ The Marauders dug in and held. Their con­ commanded the 20th general hospital at strated lack of compassion by falling to see dition, according to Capt. Henry Stelling, a Ledo, refused to release sick patients and that his men were starving, refusing to battalion surgeon, was pitiful. In a period of was ordered to Myitkyina. He went, expecting authorize recommended decorations for her­ four months they had completed a march of to be tried for disobeying a direct order. In­ oism and promotions for outstanding lead­ over 700 miles with full and often overloaded stead, StU well blamed the order on someone ership, ordering the sick back to duty and packs, on an inadequate diet, over one of the else, declared the hospital off limits to his refusing to permit evacuation of those too highest ranges of mountains and through raiders, and gave Ravdin air conditioners for 111 to walk, and finally by reviling the very some of the most treacherous enemy-invaded his wards. Ravdin had faced him down. me1. who at such sacrifice had presented jungles in the world. Never before had the It was still open season in the aid stations, him with an undeserved victory at Myitkyina. syndrome of severe exhaustion been so mani­ however. Eventually the intervention of line MISSED OPPORTUNITY fest on so large a scale, Stelling declared. officers and their interference with the If StU well did not regard his troops as "By the third month of combat, evidence medics reached the proportions of a scandal. of marked adrenal insufficiency began to be human, they heartily returned the compli­ After a personal investigation the theater ment. On one of his visits to Myitkyina, he noticed in the men. Blacking out and dizzi­ surgeon, Col. George E. Armstrong, asked ness were common, in spite of adequate salt stepped away from his coterie of officers and for an appointment to discuss the matter. newsll!en to urinate. An enlisted man later and vitamin intake.... Lack of muscle StU well declined to see him. And shortly 1;one accentuated diarrheas already present sai-l regretfully: "I had him in my rifle sights, afterward, the theater surgeon was barred I coulda squeezed one off and no _on~ wo~da in over 90 percent of the men. AnoreXia and from the Myitkyina area. gastritis, accompanied by nausea and vomit­ known it wasn't a Jap got the SOB!" ing, were common. Mental and physical las­ Riddled with malaria, scrub typhus,­ Mrs._ Tucpman's 600-page biography· is a situde increased. Weight loss averaged 20 lbs. dysentery, and malnutrition, demoralized by strangely unbalanced book:. - We - learn · the per man, in many cases reached as much as fatigue and by Stilwell's blindness to their names of the books that Cadet Stilwell signed 50 lbs.... plight, the regiment fell apart. out of the West Point library,-the -contents "They were so exhausted tha.t they were "The attitude of the average enlisted man of scraps of paper he scribbled on and literally on their last legs. All alertness and is that many promises have been made, and &quirreled away. But only a dozen lines are wlll to fight, or even to move, left them. few have been kept," Capt. James E. Hop­ given to th~ scandal of the Marauders. All When ordered to dig in, many fell from ex­ kins, a battalion surgeon, wrote. "They feel but ignorin3 the s.oldiers' agony, the author haustion and went to sleep by partially dug that their country has let them down. They is filled with sadness for Stilwell, that such· foxholes. Others fell without attempting to have been in the Army long enough to know a tragedy should befall him. And finally, 1n dig. One man was kllled and seven wounded that psychologically and medically they have rebuttal of charges· that· he ·lacked -conc~rn by enemy fire; the wounded who could stlll gotten what they call a raw deal. About 75 for his troops, she offers this accolade-: move looked dazed, made little effort to take percent of these men should have been evac­ "In Yank, the soldier's newspap·er~ he _ap­ cover. The medical men were too exhausted uated from Burma before the Myitkyina peared within four months of G~#\HAD's to care for the wounded, and considerable campaign. Many were mentally and physi­ agony as 'The GI's Favorite' who canceled time passed before the wounded could be cally ill after two and three campaigns and the rule against pets for Gis in his theater, finally evacuated." two years of field duty in the tropics and banned the 'officers only' sign from restau­ Stilwell decreed that, lll as they were, the subtropics. Their morale is low, they have rants and cafes, forbade officers to date en­ men must stand and fight. Orders were sent lost all confidence in the CBI theater leaders. listed WACs. in order to give the Gis a to medical installations to stretch every point It is not helped by seeing their buddies, sent chance. His record is too plain to make him to return patients to duty. The rule of out as patients, quickly returned to the out a Patton." thumb was that a soldier had to run a fever same area, many of them still affected by A physician veteran of the Burma cam­ in excess of 102 degrees for three successive the disease with which they were evacuated." paign not interviewed by Mrs. Tuchman days before he could go before a committee provides a contrary opinion. "Stilwell," he Stilwell's line officers and medical officers told me, "didn't give two s____ for the of medical officers who would decide whether knew what was expected of them; frequently he should be hospitalized. men under him.'' they reported men fit when, in truth, they Perhaps this professor of medicine, now HOSPITAL DEADLINE were deathly sick. They accused officers and a sp.eci"alist_iri kidney diseases, was speaking "This policy meant that men with malaria men who collapsed of malingering, ordered outside· his-- area-- of competence. I wonder and a variety of other diseases would be held them back into combat. The abominations about Mrs. Tuchman. for at least 72 hours in the hope that treat­ against medical care of American soldiers ment would beat down their symptoms," as were ordered by Stilwell, or were known to historian Stone wrote. "In practice, the bat .. him and carried out in his na-me. talion surgeons doubtless tried to hasten DOCTORS' DILEMMA sMALr.iriR. Ml\NwAcTuRERS the evacuation of men who obviously would A handful of officers spoke up against ___ · coUNc~ · -- - not respond to medication in the prescribed these abuses. Drs. Hopkins, Stelling, and time. To hold men with scrub typhus, for Kolodney wrote extensive reports about the example, reduced their chances of survival." deficiencies in sanitation and med~cal f?Up­ M~ GAYDOS --· Despite these stringent restrictions the -HON. JOSEPH -- port. Sent through military channels, these OF PENNSYLVANIA sick continued to be evacuated at the rate reports were not released by Stilwell's head­ of 75-100 per day. Adding insult to injury, quarters; instead, the names of these medi­ IN THE HOUSE OF. RE~RES~NTA TIVES they were accused of malingering and the cal officers were submitted for reassignment. doctors were accused of coddling them. Line Wednesday, September 29, 1971 . officers invaded the aid stations, tore evacu­ Col. Charles N. Hunter, who took com­ mand of the Marauders when Gen. Merrill Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, early this ation . tags off sick men, and ordered them week in Pittsburgh, Pa.• a unique· busi­ back to their units. The following incident. suffered a heart attack, wrote a detailed ac­ involving one of Stilwell's officers, was told count of the abuses his men had suffered and ness group celebrated the· completion of to me by a medical officer: personally handed it to Stilwell. The day one of its more successful years and "He came to my aid station. A private witb after the capture of Myitkyina village, launched into another year of activities scrub typhus and a fever of 104 degrees was Hunter was abruptly relieved of his com­ for the benefit of small business and free lying on a litter. He kicked him off the litter mand, over Merrlll's protest and shipped enterprise. back to the U.S. by slow boat. and yelled, 'Get that goldbrick out of here!' The group is the Smaller Manufactur­ This was too much for me. I hit him in the By that time the terms "sick" and "well" face and knocked him unconscious. I poured had become meaningless, so far as the Ma­ ers Council, a 26-year-old association of a bucket of water on him and he got up, rauders were concerned. There were about western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and shaking himself like a wet cat. 'I'll court­ 2,400 of them when they set out for Myitky­ West Virginia entrepreneurs now num­ martial you for this,' he yelled. I said to him, ina, in the fourth month of the campaign. bering about 525 member companies, in­ 'General. I'll take that court-martial in front Some 1,300 reached the airstrip, and they were cluding several from my 20th Con­ of the U.S. Congress.' in action 12 days. Though suffering only 93 gressional District. It is the only group in "He turned to some soldiers standing there battle deaths, by the end of May they had the United States made up exclusively of ceased to exist as .a fighting force. Accord­ and ordered: 'Arrest that man!' Do you smaller manufacturers. · know what those soldiers did? They put ir.g to the official casualty record, there their rifles on him and threw him out of were 1,970 disease casualties from malaria To join, a company must do at least 60 the aid station." and other fevers, from amebic dysentery, percent of its volume in manufacturing, Stone, in Crisis Fleeting, comments: "The scrub typhus, and psychoneurosis. processing, or fabrication and employ less testimony of medical officers cannot be re- · Through the campaign, StU well seemed than 500 persons. _Though individ~ally 34o76 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 small, today collectively the council Il;lem­ AN ODD INTERPRETATION OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, bers employ some 50,000 persons, pay POSTAL REORGANIZATION ACT Washington, D.a., August 3, 1"971. some $300 million a year in wages and Hon. WINTON M. BLOUNT, salaries, spend some $400 million for ma­ The Postmaster General, terials and services, not including capital HON. ROBERT N.C. NIX U.S. Postal Service, OF PENNSYLVANIA Washington, D.a. equipment, and have sales totaling more DEAR GENERAL: I have been informed that than $75 million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some persons interpret Article VI of the These impressive statistics are the re­ Wednesday, September 29, 1971 transitional agreement, entitled Grievance sult of a wide range of manufaoturing ac­ Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, one of the issues Procedure and Discipline, as limiting the tivities. Many members are suppliers to right of employee representation in griev­ that I had thought had been settled in ance proceedings to those unions who are the steel industry, others take steel indus­ the Postal Reorganization Act has try products and further process them for signatories of the agreement. cropped up again and threatens the This interpretation would deprive the Na­ the ultimate consumer. There are ma­ existence of an independent union, the tional Alliance of Postal and Federal Em­ chine shops, wholesale bakeries, found­ National Alliance of Postal and Federal ployees of their essential function during ries, plastic fabricators, paper product Employees. the transition period of this contract, that processors, industrial model makers, edu­ The Congress of the United States is, the representation of their employee cational materials producers, and com­ divided labor relations in the postal members during grievance proceedings. This panies in the electrical, printing, cement, services into two periods of time. _ would in effect, during the vital transition tire, chemical, pollution ~ontrol, lumber, period prior to the determination of ap­ The act would require that postal la­ propriate units by the National Labor Rela­ and·automobile fields, to scratch the sur­ bor relations be conducted permanently face of this varied group. tions Board and the holding of secret ballot in the future under the jurisdiction of elections by the Board, place the "National For the past year, Samuel Michaels, the National Labor Relations Board so Alliance" in an unequal position in appeal­ executive vice president of Pittsburgh An­ that industrial democracy would finally ing to postal workers for the right to repre­ nealing Box Co., a steel industry sup­ come to the Postal Service. Elections sent them. plier, has presided over the council's 12- would be held and supervised by the Na­ This certainly was not the intent of Con­ member board of directors. Monday eve­ tional Labor Relations Board so that gress in enacting the Postal Reorganization ning September 27, Mr. Machaels relin­ employees could choose their own lead­ Act. quished his command to Phil F. Sauerei­ ership in the Postal Service. The Board There is no authority in the transitional sen, president of Sauereisen Cement Co., would determine, according to settled bargaining section of the Act, Section 10, a maker of speciality cements. for negotiation of the grievance issue or the principles of law established by the Na­ question of representation in grievance pro­ These men preside over an organiza­ tional Labor Relations Board, the size of ceedings. It is clear from examination of tion which does things for its members. appropriate units for election purposes references to grievances proceedings in the The council has an insurance program and the geographical area of negotia­ permanent bargaining portion of the Act in which gives member companies and their tions. Chapter 12, that the lack of reference to employees advantages of group insur­ However, in order to preserve the such issue in Section 10 was deliberate and ance which would not be available to status quo, Congress provided for interim that Congress intended that no such bar­ some because of their individual size or bargaining until the point in time ar­ gaining on this issue take place. Also, Chap­ the cost would be prohibitive. Through a rived when the National Labor Relations ter 12 preserves former agreements until purchase referral program, member com­ altered by law, thus preserving the repre­ Board could hold elections. sentation rights of those unions who are panies can make purchases of needed The Postal Service has now signed an requested to do so by grievants. supplies, from light bulbs to auto leases, agreement which will make the holding Transitional bargaining is governed by at prices comparable to those offered of elections by the National Labor Re­ Section 10 of the Act. This section gives no vodume buyers. lations Board a useless act. There will be authority for bargaining on the matter of The presidents group, comprised of the only one real contestant in such elec­ grievance proceedings or representation of chief executive of each member com­ tions. parties to such grievance proceedings. It pany, tackles problems of individual How did they do this? limits the Postal Service and those unions companies offering in give-and-take ses­ They used the interim authority to holding national exclusive recognition rights sions the expertise of others in similar­ derived from Executive Orders 11491 and negotiate, to agree to a contract which 10988 to bargaining over the issues of sized firms. would bar any representation in griev­ "wages", "hours", and "working conditions". Another active committee of the coun­ ance proceedings for any union which The pertinent portion of the Section is cil deals with governmental relations and did not sign the interim agreement. quoted below: the committee, in the past year, espe­ This is wrong, because the reading of Sec. 10(a) As soon as practicable after the cially, has become increasingly active in the plain words of the statute shows that enactment of this Act, the Postmaster Gen­ presenting the views of smaller manu­ while Congress permitted bargaining on eral and the labor organizations which as of facturers to its representatives here and the issue of grievance proceedings when the effective date of this section hold na­ in Harrisburg, Pa. National Labor Relations Board elections tional exclusive recognition rights granted Seminars, trade missions, research by the Post Office Department, shall negoti­ had been held, it did not authorize griev­ ate an agreement or agreements covering and development, and trade relations ance issues under the interim authority wages, hours, and working conditions of the with larger firms are other active areas to negotiate a temporary contract. Why employees represented by such organiza­ of the council's program to serve its did not Congress authorize the negotia­ tions". members. tion of such an issue? Because the pur­ This omission in referring to grievance Each month the SMC publishes a maga­ pose of Congress was to preserve the proceedings and the possible arbitration of zine under the motto: "In Unity There status quo, which in the Postal Service grievance proceedings is significant in that is Strength." This creed explains the meant that an employee could choose the Congress specifically set out procedures Council is "an association of business­ any representative he wished during for the resolving of a breakdown in negotia­ men involved in manufacturing who have grievance proceedings. The National Al­ tions in Section 10 (d) . It is therefore clear combined their experience, knowledge, that the omission was a deliberate act by liance of Postal and Federal Employees Congress. It becomes even clearer when Sec­ and energy to improve the climate in today represents its members in such tion 1206 (b) of Chapter 12 is examined, which they operate, increase their in­ grievance proceedings. under the permanent Collective Bargaining dividual and collective productivity and Why did the Postal Service agree to arrangements under the legislation. profitability, and to make their joint such a term in its temporary contract? Section 1206 (b) is quoted below; voice effective as a force for progress Because they want to insure that the one "(b) Collective bargaining agreements be­ through private enterprise." possible rival candidate union for repre­ tween the Postal Service and bargaining Mr. Speaker, the Smaller Manufac­ sentation rights will have no function be­ representatives recognized under Section turers Council is to be commended for the tween now and the time the National 1203 may include any procedures for resolu­ service it renders its members and the tion by the parties of grievances and adverse Labor Relations Board holds elections. actions arising under the agreement, in­ contribution it makes to the economic Mr. Speaker, I submit for the REcoRD cluding procedures culminating in third health of the area and the Nation. It is correspondence I have had with the party arbitration, or the parties may adopt with pride and pleasure that I salute the Postal Service on this subject which dis­ any such procedures by mutual agreement members of SMC as it begins its 27th year. cusses the issue involved: in the event of a dispute". September ·29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34077 The Congress obviously thought it was labor agreement on July 20, they did so on STATEMENT OF SUPPORT OF necessary to set out a legislative basis for behalf of all the employees in their respec­ H.R. 10453 grievance proceedings in the permanent tive bargaining units. We do not read Article Collective Bargaining section of the bill. It VI as providing that employee organizations did not do so in the transitional bargaining other than those that are parties to the agree­ HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN ment are entitled to represent employees in portion of the bill because it did not intend OF MARYLAND that bargaining take place during the transi­ grievance proceedings conducted under the tion of this issue, which is distinct from agreement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "wages", "hours", and "working conditions". Your letter suggests that a contrary inter­ Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Therefore, it appea.rs to me that Article pretation would depend not on the language IX E. (1) of the March 9, 1968 agreement of the agreement, but on a. construction of the Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, Subcom­ would still apply, that is; Postal Reorganization Act that would ba.r the mittee No.4 of the Judiciary Committee "E. An individual's right to be repre­ Postal Service from establishing a contractual is currently conducting hearings on the sented". grievance procedure prior to a determina­ treatment and control of narcotic 1. An employee has the right to select tion by the National Labor Relations Board addicts. whomever he desires to represent him at ea.ch of the appropriate bargaining units in the level of the grievance procedure. In the event Postal Service. While we have the utmost re­ As a member of the Judiciary Com­ that the person selected at various levels is spect for the sincerity with which this con­ mittee and as a member of the House someone other than a representative of the struction of the Act is advanced, we cannot Republican Task Force on Drug Abuse exclusive organization, the exclusive organ­ agree that the Act imposes such a ltml.tation which has jointly sponsored H.R. 10453, ization a.t that level has a right to be pres­ on the powers of the Postal Service. the Omnibus Narcotic Addict Control, ent". As you know, section 10 of the Act directed Research, and Rehabilitation Act of 1971, I believe this to be true because not only the Postmaster General to negotiate an I submitted a statement in support of was negotiation of the l.ssue of grievance agreement or agreements covering "wages, procedures unauthorized in Section 10 of the hours and working conditions." The term this legislation for the hearing record of Postal Reorganization Act, but 1.n addition, "worklng conditlons"-a widely used syno­ subcommittee No. 4. Section 1203 (b) protects the life of the pre­ nym for the "conditions of employment" re­ I include this statement in the RECORD vious agreement in so far as it can not be ferred to in the National Labor Relations at this point: Act--has long been understood. to embrace changed by negotiations under the transi­ STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE LAWRENCE J. tional authority. grievance procedures of the kind established HoGAN (R-Mn.), SUBMITTED TO SUBCoM­ reads by Article VI. It would be an unfair labor Section 1203 (b) as follows; MITTEE No. 4 OF THE HOUSE JUDICIARY CoM­ "(b) Agreements a.nd supplements in ef­ practice, indeed, for a private employer to MITTEE IN SUPPORT OF H.R. 10453 fect on the date of enactment of this section refuse to bargain over such procedures. As covering employees in the former Post Office you have noted, moreover, chapter 12 of title Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportunity Department shall continue to be recognized 39, United States Code, as enacted by section to indicate my support for H.R. 10453, the by the Postal Service until altered or amend­ 2 of the Postal Reorganization Act, declares Omnibus Narcotic Addict Control, Research, ed pursuant to law". that agreements between the Postal Service and Rehabllltation Act of 1971, which I have Section 1203 (b) then preserves the repre­ and bargaining representatives to which the co-sponsored with my colleagues on the sentation rights 1.n grievance proceedings Postal Service has accorded exclusive recog­ House Republican Task Force on Drug Abuse. held by the "National All1ance". nition "may include any procedures for reso­ None of us in this Congress need to be The l.ntent of Congress is making it pos­ lution by the parties of grievances and ad­ reminded, Mr. Chairman, that drug addiction sible for the National Labor Relations Boa.rd verse actions arising under the agreement, is reaching epidemic proportions in this to permit local or area bargaining rathet including procedures culminating 1n binding country. As such, it should be treated as the than national craft bargaining as provided third party arbitration. . . ." 39 U.S.C. 1206 health plague which it literally is. It is a for in bills first presented to the Committee (b). While section 10 of the Act does not disease which has enslaved between 250,000 on Post Office and Civil Service and the pro­ repeat the language of chapter 12 word for and 500,000 people in this country. tection of the "Deduction of dues" right 1n word, section 10 expressly provides that "Any In addition to the loss of lives and the Section 1205 for unions holding such right agreement made pursuant to this section huge economic costs due to addiction, there points directly to the intention of Congress shall continue in force after the commence­ are mammoth social costs. The entire crim­ to protect smaller organizations and at least ment of operations of the United States inal justice system (police, courts, and cor­ give them an equal chance to appeal fot Postal Service in the same manner and to rection institutions) has an enormous burden membership representation rights before the the same extent as if entered Lnto between placed on it. Families are destroyed, young National Labor Relations Board. Nothing in the Postal Service and recognized collective­ lives are ruined and large segments of our the bill suggests the opposite. There is no bargaining representatives under chapter 12 society live in the fear of becoming the vic­ authority to freeze out the "National Al­ of title 39, United States Code." The wording tims of addiction-related crime. liance" from grievance proceedings repre­ of this provision does not seem to us to sup­ I believe, Mr. Chairman, that enactment serutation. port the view that the "worklng conditions" of H.R. 10453 would prove to be a major I would like to know what interpretation, that were to be negotiated under section 10 contribution to the nation's battle against 1n the light of the above citations to appli­ could not include grievance machinery of a drug addiction. This legislation would pro­ cable sections of the Postal Reorganization kind negotiable under chapter 12. vide for $120 million to train doctors and Act, the Postal Service has adopted in refer­ Neither does it seem to us that thi.s view other health personnel in the treatment and ence to Article VI of the transitional agree­ finds any support in the fact that section rehabllltation of drug users. Also, under the ment. 10(d) establishes a statutory procedure for provisions of this bill over $370 million would Sincerely, resolving impasses in the negotiations con­ be used in a five-year research program de­ RoBERT N. c. NIX, ducted under section 10. Had no such statu­ signed to find a non-addictive drug which Chairman. tory procedure been estabUshed., there could could be substituted for heroin and a vaccine have been IW assurance that the section 10 to prevent drug addiction. THE POSTMASTER GENERAL, negotiations would ever be concluded; and More importantly, however, this bill would washington, D.O., September 21, 1971. the presence of section 10(d) meant that all allow involuntary commitment and forced Hon. RoBERT N. C. NIX, parties knew from the outset that if they treatment for any individual whom a court Chairman, Subcommittee on Postal Facilities failed to agree on a grievance and discipline hearing determines is an addict. The Nar­ and Mail, Committee on Post Office and clause, they ran the risk of having an un­ cotic Addict Rehabilitat ion Act would be Oivil Service, House of Representatives, desirable clause forced on them by an arbi­ amended to allow a relative, law enforcement Washington, D.C. tration board. officer or health official who believes a person DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in response to While we believe that the negotiation of is an addict to report such a belief to the your letter of August 3, 1971, asking about Article VI was authorized under section 10, U.S. Attorney in a sworn affidavit. It would our interpretation of Article VI (entitled and that Article VI will therefore supplant then be the responsibility of the Attorney, "Grievance Procedure and Discipline") of the Article IX of the Post Office Department's if he felt there was reasonable cause, to pe­ collective bargaining agreement that was en­ 1968 labor agreement, we are keenly aware tition the court and ask that the alleged tered into on July 20 by the Postal Service of the l.nterest that the National Alliance a! addict undergo 72 hours of physical and and the postal employee organizations hold­ Postal and Federal Employees has in· moni­ psychiatric testing. If the examination re­ ing national exclusive recognition rights. toring the disposition of grievances presented sults indicated that the person was an ad­ It is our understanding that an employee by its members. If the Alliance can reach dict, he could then be commiJtted to a medi­ who invokes the grievance procedure estab­ agreement wit h the unions holding exclusive cal institution for treatment and rehabili­ lished under Article VI has a statutory right representation rights on procedures designed tation. to fair representation by whatever bargai.ning to give the Alliance a role 1.n this connection, Programs of involuntary treatment have agent has been recognized as the representa­ I can assure you that the Postal Service had noteworthy success in california a.nd tive of the employees in his particular bar­ would cooperate to the best of its &blltly. New York. This concept offers great hope for gaining unit. When the unions holding na­ Sincerely, a nationwide drive against the 1llegal drug tional exclusive recognition rights signed the WINTON M. BLOUNT. epideml.c. 34078 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Sept-ember 29, 1971 The only way to protect ourselves, our and to congratulate the American Red committed formally to encouraging develop­ homes and our children is to get drug addicts Cross for outstanding work in the field ment of mineral output, rather than under off the streets and provide them with treat­ the Environmental Protection Agency, whose ment that will help them conquer the curse of training and the recognition of these unsung heroes. function is just what its title says. of drug addiction and prevent them from Even the operators are reluctantly willing infecting others with addiction. to live with this weak version. They are push­ Involuntary commitment and fmced treat­ ing a campaign to change their image, blam­ ment are, in effect, a quarantine of people ing all the destruction already wrought by who are sick and who infect others with this ABOLISH STRIP MINING stripping on earlier "irresponsible" operators, sickness wherever they go. The government and contending that they now are much has the right and the obligation to quaran­ more public-spirited and careful-although tine a person with tuberculosis or to take HON. CLARENCE D. LONG in fact their giant machines, which can tear someone who is insane out of society. OF MARYLAND out as much as 220 cubic yards of earth at a That is what we are proposing to do with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bite, cause far greater disruption of the earth this legiElation-take heroin addicts, who than the picks, shovels and old-fashioned are sick people, out of sooiety and help them Wednesday, September 29, 1971 bulldozers of the past. get well for their sake and for society's sake. The1 make a great pitch about "reclama­ The Supreme Court has already ruled that Mr. LONG of Marylend. Mr. Speaker, the Baltimore Sun recently carried an tion," which in practice means backfilling the involuntary treatment for drug addiction is stripped land and planting fast-growing constitutional because it is designed to pro­ article by the eminent columnist, Ernest ground cover, which sometimes grows and t ect the public health and welfare. Constitu­ B. Furgurson, commending my distin­ sometimes does not. But reclamation 1s a mis­ tional safeguards have been written into this guished colleague from West Virginia, nomer; a Corps of Engineers forester and a proposal to insure that there would be no Representative KEN HECHLER, and his bill West Virginia University specialist both esti­ abridgement of personal rights. 'Among them to abolish strip mining. As one of the 80 mate it would take 400 years or longer to re­ are a guarantee of all the procedural rights store the ravaged land and trees. to due process, including the right to a trial cosponsors of his legislation, I applaud his efforts to ensure that a strong law is Nevertheless, the operators are spending by jury, right to counsel and a right to a many thousands to sell the public on the idea speedy hearing. passed rather than one that is designed that reclamation works. The main thrust of Mr. Chairman, as a member of the Ju­ to appease the public without bringing the administration stripping bill is to require diciary Committee myself, I sincerely hope an end to strip mining. reclamation. But it 1s a mere threat of a mere that my colleagues will be able to join me At this point, I should like to insert in slap on the wrist. in supporting this legislation and that it the RECORD the Baltimore Sun article: Among the proposed measures between the will receive speedy and favorable action. (From the Baltimore Sun, Sept. 28, 1971] administration's token and Hechler's aboli­ tion is one from Representative Wayne Hays, CONGRESS STILL HAS A CHANCE which would be forceful in controlling strip­ (By Ernest B. Furgurson) ping while still permitting it to continue. STATE TROOPER JACK NOLEN WASHINGTON.-!! the gentleman from West Hays's home county in Ohio has 341,000 total AWARDED NATIONAL RED CROSS Virginia were a less stubborn sort, he might acres. Of them, 200,000 are already leased, CERTIFICATE OF MERIT FOR have been discouraged by the chairman's bought or optioned for strip mining. His mo­ HEROISM compliment. tivation 1s clear. Ken Hechler, who represents 10 counties But stripping is no longer an ugly reality in that part of the world where the strip only to the Americans who live in the abused HON. KENNETH J. GRAY miner is king, had just finished testifying on hills of Appalachia and along the Ohio Valley. To cash in on the "energy crisis," the drag­ OF ILLINOIS behalf of his bill to abolish that hopelessly destructive kind of mining. lines are marching into wider and wider vir­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He made the point that up to 1965, an area gin territory. Substantial amounts of coal are Wednesday, September 29, 1971 of the United States equal to the entire state now being stripped out of not only West Vir­ of Delaware ha<: been ravaged by stripping ginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Illinois, Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, the real he­ for coal. Since then, enough additional square Indiana, Virginia, Alabama and Tennessee, roes of the country generally go un­ miles to cover all of Rhode Island have been but also from Iowa, Montana, Oklahoma, noticed. When we think of heroism, we stripped. And by the time all the strippable Wyoming and Arizona-with still other fields think of the old saying, "still water runs coal under the surface of our country is torn being surveyed. deep." out to feed our much-trumpeted "energy That is why Ken Hechler sustains his hope crisis," the devastated area will equal Penn­ that a serious bUl will become law despite the Mr. Speaker, a close friend and con­ sylvania and West Virginia put together. expensive campaign against it. Voters every­ stituent of mine, illinois State Trooper, The congressman went on for 26 legal-size where with eyes to see are realizing that Jack Nolen, of Harrisburg, Til., has been pages explaining why his bill is urgently stripping is more than a local or regional named to receive the National Red Cross needed and that proposed by the adminis­ problem. It is a national disgrace, and Con­ Certificate of Merit for heroism.- I am tration for control of stripping would be gress will be brought to account for failing to pleased to say that this is the highest laughably ineffective, if anyone had the nerve control it. award given by the National Red Cross to laugh about it. to a person who saves or attempts to save When he was through, the chairman of the mining subcommittee of the Interior Com­ THE POLISH WOMEN'S ALLIANCE OF a life by using skills learned in a Red mittee, Representative Ed Edmondson of AMERICA Cross first aid course: Oklahoma, thanked him and praised him for On July 13, 1971, Trooper Nolen who has his "sincerity and dedication to his cause." been trained in Red Cross Advanced First Not "our cause," although many acres of HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER Aid, went to the aid of a witness who was Oklahoma, too, have been destroyed by strip­ OF CONNECTICUT waiting to testify before the Saline County ping. Not even "the cause." But "his cause." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nunois Grand Jury. The man had collapsed You don't have to speak congressionalese to in the courtroom from a heart attack and get the nuance in that. Wednesday, September 29, 1971 had stopped breathing. Trooper Nolen im­ But Hechler has started out in the minority Mr. COTTER. Mr. Speaker, I would mediately began mouth-to-mouth resuscita­ and persisted and ended up in the majority like to take this opportunity to bring tion and continued to breathe for the victim to before. For example, on the mine safety bill the attention of my colleagues the 26th until he was transported by ambulance to the­ that finally passed, with teeth in it, in late hospital. Medical examination revealed an 1969. Annual Convention of the Polish Wom­ extensive myocardial infarction had taken. This time, his bill (H.R. 4556) has 80 co­ en's Alliance of America. place. The attending physician stated that if sponsors in the House, and the beginnings of This outstanding group of 90,000 it had not been for Trooper Nolen's presence­ some influential support at the other end of Polish-American women has been noted of mind, quick thinking, and appropriate ac­ the Capitol. But there is none at the other for its numerous humane activities. For tions, the victim would not have survived. end of Pennsylvania Avenue. The White example, 3 years ago the alliance was He has since been discharged '!rom the hospi­ House, in line with the strip mine operators, tal and is doing well. instrumental in the opening of an arti­ fa,rors a measure designed to appease growing fical limb factory in Katowice, Poland. public concern about stripping without im­ Mr. Speaker, this meritorious action posing any serious handicap on the opera­ The people of Poland, I have been in­ by Trooper Nolen is another example of tors--or providing any serious protection for formed, had difficulty in securing arti­ the concern of one human being for the land. ficial limbs since the end of World War another who is in distress. I wanted to Among its many other shortcomings, the II because of the lack of production fa­ call this act of heroism to the attention administration bill would put enforcement cilities. This new plant helped remedy of the Members of Congress and others, under the Interior Department, which 1s this situation. September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34079 Even earlier, at the close of World War Pancake Festival-or taking tickets, often in General Hospital for chapel furnishings in II this dedicated group of Polish-Ameri­ bone-chilling temperatures, at local athletic the future new building. events. You might think Kiwanis Club members can women worked actively to finance the They've moved everything short of a moun­ would rest on their laurels after climaxing reconstruction of a number of convents tain at their Swap and Shop sales, and every 50 years of community good words. that had been destroyed during the war, member takes his turn as a "wheel chair But not so. and the alliance still contributes to the jockey" at the veterans' hospital on a Sunday Kiwanis Club members do not hold back. support of these convents. They have also visit that is a special Kiwanis project. It you doubt this, consider. supported the Orchard Lake Seminary For 50 years, the community has benefited The organization has been a strong sup­ in Michigan. from the good works of Kiwanis members, porter of youth and youth work in the past, These and other similar activities of who have given so unstlntingly of their time giving unstintingly of their time to promote the alli:ance deserve the highest praise. and treasure. and support Little I.eague for hundreds of And so it wasn't really surprising (al­ Berea youth each summer. The Polish Women's Alliance of Amer­ though the gift itself was a surprise), that It yearly provides scholarships to both ica represents the finest humanitarian the Berea club should mark its golden anni­ Berea High School and Baldwin-Wallace Col­ instincts. It is a measure of the alliance's versary year by looking ahead to the future, lege students. It annually sponsors the Berea dedication that they are unwilling to and providing a lasting memento for resi· High School athletic banquet. rest from their labors. dents of the Southwest area for years to Kiwanis Club sponsors Berea relays, sent Their future activities include come. Berea High School divers to the AAU meet strengthening their scholarship program A check for $5000, representing proceeds last year. for deserving students and the continu­ from projects involving countless hours of It was among the first to bring American service was presented by Berea Kiwanis to Field Service Students to the area when the ing support of various religious orders. I Southwest General Hospital at the 50th An­ program began. Many Kiwanis Club mem­ wish them every success in their current niversary Dinner held at the Baldwin-Wal­ bers and their families have been host to and future efforts. lace College Union. foreign students, inviting them into their We in Hartford are honored that the It was presented by Bert Moore, Kiwanis homes and treating them as members of the Polish Women's Alliance of America will president, to A. Boyd Anderson, hospital ad­ family for weeks and months at a time. hold its annual meeting in Hartford, ministrator, (who is also a Kiwanis Club Its thrust in the interest of youth is nearly Conn., this year. This meeting, which ex­ member.) unlimited. tends from September 25 until Septem­ The funds are to be used for furnishing Kiwanis Club co-sponsored Safety Town to a chapel in the new hospital building provide lessons in safety for small children, ber 30, marks the :first time that the alli­ planned for the site on E. Bagley Rd. Berea along with Berea Junior Women's League. ance has held its convention in New Kiwanis chose this gift "as a lasting re­ It co-sponsored a drug awareness progra.m England. The State president, Mrs. Julia minder of the club's appreciation for the in conjunction with Berea Police Depart­ K. Leniart, will preside and Mrs. Barbara kindness and support they ha ve received ment. A. Mikulski of the Community College of from the community through the years. Do not feel, however, thrut Kiwanis Club Baltimore will be guest speaker. The pro­ On hand to celebrate the anniversary limits its interest to youth. Its influence and gram will include a ponti:ficial mass at event were 280 Kiwanians, their wives and help is widely extended. in the community. the Saints Cyril and Methodist Church. guests, including many visitors from Kiwanis The gift to Southwest General Hospital is organizat ions throughout the state. only one exa,mple. Mr. Speaker, I know the other Mem­ Charles E. Sondergelt of Xenia, Kiwanis Kiwanians also sponsor, each year, the new bers of the House will join with me in Governor of Ohio, and Governor-Designate, teachers' luncheon before the beginning of wishing success to this great humani­ Harold W. Graafmeyer of Euclid, and Stan­ school. It provides support for Berea Senior tarian organization. ley E. Schneider, International Trustee from Center. Crestline were among Kiwanis officials pres­ Kiwanis' latest gift to the hospital wm be ent to mark the oocasion. a lasting one, which the whole oommunity The club gave special recognition to mem­ will enjoy. BEREA KIWANIS CLUB: HALF bers who have given much time and de­ May Kiwanis Club members realize many CENTURY OF SERVICE votion to its activities. more years of community effort and Ed Manning, a charter member of the satisfaction. club, and Howard Geiger were presented It's almost a sure bet members will not HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL Legion of Honor certificates for 50 years of taper off in their enthusiasm and considera­ OF OHIO service to their community through Kiwanis. tion for their community, or rest on their Other Legion awards were given to Lloyd laurels. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hoffman, John Koeppe, and Otto Mahler for Wednesday, September 29, 1971 35 years; John Allison and Clarence Clarke for 30 years; Milt Beyer, Howard Gaub, Ray THE GOVERNMENT'S FOURTH Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, the Kanaga, Earl Mellenbrook, Wallace Ogilvy, BRANCH Berea Kiwanis Club is observing its 50th Frank Railsback, Don Wllliams and Starr anniversary this year, a half century of Woodruff for 25 years. devoted service to Berea, Ohio, which cul­ Bere ::~. Mayor John Munkacsy presented a HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN minated recently in the presentation of proclamation to the club declaring the week OF MASSACHUSE'l"I'S of Sept. 12 as Kiwanis Week. a check for $5,000 to the Southwest Gen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral Hospital, another golden anniversary Also presenting awards were Arthur Gohlke, president of Berea City Council; Wednesday, September 29, 1971 observant this year. John W. Jones, president of the Chamber The good works of Berea Kiwanians are of Commerce; W. Boyd Anderson, adminis­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I attach well known throughout the Greater trat or of Southwest General Hospital, and herewith an· important and valuable arti­ Cleveland area. They give selflessly of Charles Moldenhauer from the 24th Division cle pointing out that the National Secu­ their time, energy, and imagination in of Kiwanis of which the Berea Club is a rity Council, to which Henry A. Kissinger community services. As great an endow­ member. is Chief Adviser, has expended itself dur­ ment as their material contributions, is Other special guests included representa­ ing the recent past to be the "Fourth their inspiring good citirenship which en­ tives of the Elyria club, who sponsored the Berea organization, and members of the Olm­ Branch" of Government. courages others to emulate them. sted Falls, Middleburg Heights, Strongville, Members of Congress should realize I wish to add my congratulations and Brook Park and Brunswick Clubs, which were that under President Johnson's security best wishes for another successful 50 sponsored a t their time of organimtion by chief, Walt Rostow, there were only 12 years to all the membership of Berea the Berea club. staff members associated with the Na­ Kiwanis. At this poi:lt in the RECORD 1 Following the dinner, a huge birthday tional Security Council. Now there are include the fine News Sun articles paying cake was presented, for Kiwanlans and their 54 "substantive officers" and a total of tribute to this splendid organization: guests to enjoy at a social hour. 140 employees. Mr. Kissinger serves as Members of the anniversary committee chairman of six interagency committees BEREA KIWANIS MARKS 50TH YEAR WITH included Don Williams, chairman; John ENDURING MEMENTO Tudhope, Jeny Bowman, Bernie Cutting, dealing with the entire range of foreign (By Muriel Hardy) John Allison and Dick Dettmer. policy and national security issues. When Berea Kiwanis Club takes on a proj­ This striking article is authored by ect, every one of the 117 members of this FIFTY YEARS OF SERVICE Donald R. Larrabee, bureau chief of the go-go organ12'iatlon works. One of Berea's oldest clubs, Kiwanis, cele­ Griffin-Larrabee news bureau in Wash­ You can see them in the kitchen, mixing brated a 5oth anniversary recently by pre­ ington, D.C. This article entitled "The batter or turning sausages at their yearly senting a generous gift of $5000 to Southwest Government's Fourth Branch" appeared 34080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 in a number of newspapers across the checkers with Henry Kissinger. The President of military rule. Led to the polls by its country including the Worcester, Mass., sends Kissinger to Peking burt; sends Secretary charismatic leader, Sheikh Mujibur Telegram of September 15, 1971. Rogers to Capitol Hill to play ping pong with "Mujib" Rahman, the Bengalis voted in The article follows: the Foreign Relations Committee. such numbers that Mujib and his Awami THR GOVERNMENT'S FOURTH BRANCH MISSED THE BOAT League won an absolute majority of seats (By Donald R. Larrabee) Congress has never been briefed by Kis­ in the country's new National Assembly. singer, even after the fact, on his trip to But Mujib's platform of economic and WASHINGTON.-The Pentagon Papers have China or its implications. This is the sort of diplomatic autonomy for the East appar­ provided some clues to what certain key offi­ thing that really gnaws at Fulbright and cials were thinking during the Johnson years other members of Congress who feel that the ently was too great a threat to be en­ but they reveal virtually nothing about the legislative branch missed the boat on Viet­ dured by the West's leaders. President important decision-making process which nam, largely by its own failure to insist upon Yahya Khan abruptly postponed the goes on in the National Security Councll an accountability from the executive. opening of the Assembly indefinitely and, and the super-bureau of advisers around the Fulbright's group is not only denied access after a facade of negotiations, on March President. to the President, who does not appear for 25, the Pakistanti Army poured into the There is, in many respects, a fourth branch questioning before Congress, but to the man of government that has grown steadlly .:.n East with howitzers, tanks, and rockets who is his chief foreign policy adviser, the in a campaign of fury against the Bengali numbers, in power and in protection from most powerful person in the administration public view-largely in the last decade. Be­ next to the President, in the opinion of most people. cause this relatively small unit within the observers. People were taken from their homes executive office of the President is function­ The fact is that Congress acquiesced for and machinegunned in the streets; men, ing in a so-called advisory role, it is immune much too long to a powerful executive and women, and children were bayoneted to to congressional probing or interference. now is paying the price. Democratic con­ death; and women were raped. When the Its members, from National Security Ad­ gresses "went along" w.l.th their presidents on smoke had cleared, over 200,000 East viser Henry A. Kissinger on down, refuse the theory that "the king could do no wrong." Pakistanis were dead and 7,500,000 had to appear before congressional committees Now Congress is talking about ways to ex­ :fled across the border into India, placing to explain the influences that have been ercise control over a "fourth branch" of gov­ brought to bear on the President in the vital ernment which is largely shielded from pub­ a huge burden on India's already mar­ arena of war and peace. lic view, which virtually eliminates public ginal economy to supply the needed food, And they have the full support of the debate and which makes it almost impossi­ water, clothing, shelter, medicine, and President in their immunity from account­ ble to trace the process by which a decision health care. Furthermore, the democrati­ ability to Congress. is made. cally elected Awami League had been WOULDN'T PROTEST outlawed and its leader, Mujib Rahman, If it were a matter of a handful of obsti­ STATEMENT ON EAST PAKISTAN rather than being Prime Minister of his nate advisers declining to reveal their private country, is now being tried secretly for discussions with the chief executive, Congress his life. could not-and would not-protest too much. HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY In the wake of this tragedy, the World But Kissinger and his staff provide the prin­ oF omo Bank sent a mission to investigate the cipal forum for presidential consideration of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES situation in East Pakistan. The group's foreign policy issues. subsequent report spoke bluntly of wide­ "Almost all major issues now are treated Wednesday, September 29, 1971 within the framework of the NSC system," spread fear of the Pakistani Army and Kissinger told a Senate subcommitee last Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, on August devastation on a scale reminiscent of year. 3, the House pa~sed legislation to sus­ World War II. It recommended that fur­ Sen. J. William Fulbright of the Foreign pend all military and economic aid to ther aid be withheld pending a "political Relations Committee, who has fought pre­ Pakistan until the situation in East Pak­ accommodation.'' vious presidents over secrecy in foreign pol­ istan returns to .. reasonable stability." Unfortunately, the Nixon administra­ icy deliberations, is ready to challenge the Since then, however, slow Senate action tion's response has not been so clear and power of the White House to invoke "execu­ on the bill has delayed any possible ben­ unequivocal. Despite the announcement tive privilege" and thus hide the adminis­ tration's long-range plans for foreign military eftcial effects of this measure. Unfortu­ that military supplies to Pakistan had aid. nately, it has not delayed the devasta­ been cut off, military supplies have con­ Nixon says Fulbright cannot have the tion of East Pakistan and its Bengali tinued to :flow to Yaha Khan's govern­ data since it amounts to nothing more than people. ment. The administration also supported a tentative planning document for internal Six months after the military crack­ Yaha's government by taking an indul­ use of the executive branch. Fulbright argues down in East Pakistan, more than 7,- gent attitude toward Pakistan's debt that his panel cannot legislate inte111gently 500,000 Bengali reiugees have :flooded rescheduling and by expanding aid under without knowing the aid projections for the across the border to India and refugees the "humanitarian" label. Moreover, the years ahead. are still :fleeing to India by the thousands administration has fought against any AFTER KISSINGER every day. The East Pakistan economy fiat cutoff of aid to Pakistan and instead But the Arkansas senator is really after remains in a shambles and the shortage asked the Congress for $118 million in Kissinger and the Security Council apparatus which he regards as dangerous to the spirlt of food has created the possibility of a economic assistance for Pakistan which of the Constitution and democratic principle. staggering famine in East Pakistan. In it said, wo<.Jd be held in abeyance. Fulbright was never able to get President sum, the suffering, disease, and death Throughout the conflict, the Nixon Johnson's security chief, Walt Rostow, to dis­ of the Bengali people is an ongoing hu­ administration has justified its position cuss Vietnam developments before his Com­ man tragedy of immense proportions. by talking about the need to keep Paki­ mittee. Now he is able to get Kissinger to Let me briefiy recapitulate the facts. stan from developing closer ties with come to his home and talk frankly but can't Founded in 1947, Pakistan consists of China and about maintaining leverage get him to say the same things to the Com­ East and West provinces separated by with the Pakistan Government to infiu­ mittee and Congress and the American peo­ more than 1,000 miles of Indian terri­ ence it to moderate its policies. ple. tory. Sharing neither borders nor cul­ This policy has proved to be bad Kissinger has expanded the old Rostow op­ eration of 12 staff members to 54 "substantive ture with West Pakistan, East Pakistan politics as well as bad morals. Pakistan officers" and a total staff of 140 employees. has long chafed under the subjection of has used our $2 million-not for the And, as chief, he serves as chairman of six the West. Despite its larger population­ specified purpose of chartering relief interagency committees dealing with the en­ before March 25, 1971, there were 75 mil­ ships-but to transport troops and am­ tire range of foreign policy and national se­ lion people in the East compared to 50 munition to the East; Mujib Rahman, curity issues and is also in charge of "work­ million in the West--East Pakistan has the elected leader of East Pakistan is ing groups" which prepare the sta:II studies been drastically underrepresented in ev­ being secretly tried for treason by a mill­ on which high-level policy discussion are ery way. East Pakistanis constitute less tary court; and, in general, the devas­ based. than 10 percent of the army and only 15 tation goes on. Bu~ congressional committees must be content wilth testimony from Secretary of percent of the civil services. In addition, Mr. Speaker, it is high time that we State William P. Rogers who has not had as the East receives less than 20 percent of stopped using the specter of communism intimate a role in the policy-making process. foreign economic assistance. as an excuse for supporting repressive As one wag put it: "Nixon plays golf with Finally in December 1970, Pakistan rightwing governments. Our Govern­ Secretary Rogers but_ he plays Chinese held is first free elections after 12 years ment has been sitting idly by while a September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34081 democratically elected government and side of the street were about six to eight EARLY CHILD CARE: THE NEW PERSPECTIVES millions of its supporters have been sys­ armed soldiers--rifles facing the street, near (By Caroline A. Chandler, Reginald S. Lourie, the entrance of a building were two metal and Anne DeHuff Peters) tematically wiped out by the Pakistani sentry boxes surrounded by sand bags--each Army. Have we not learned yet that the housing a helmeted fully armed soldier en­ FRANCE* support of governments which repress The economic circumstances of Paris have closed in a sentry box. What was so unique for many years required the full-time em­ the popular will of the people, ultimate­ about Flax Street?-nothing, that is, that ployment of both parents for the majority of ly-and understandably-will drive the made it so different from several of the other families in the lower socioec:momic groups. people into the arms of the Commu­ streets in Belfast-with soldiers driving In response to the obvious need for child­ nists--the very objective we claim we are around in trucks and jeeps, peering over bullding rooftops, running black faced care facilities, day-care programs--creches­ trying to prevent. through the streets at night on one of their for babies from two months to three years It was thus for both political and many patrols through the city. Anyway, on of age have been in existence for over fifty moral reasons that I strongly supported one of our trips through this street we were years. In 1963, there were over 180 such the positive step the House took in un­ subjected, as all cars were, to being searched. creches established or supervised by the Paris Our driver was frisked, the trunk and engine Administration of Public Assistance (Centre equivocally suspending all military and International, 1960). economic aid to Pakistan until the Presi­ of the car was checked, the back seat pulled out to check for ammunition or whatever. There are creches in most urban neighbor­ dent reports to the Congress that Paki­ Finally, "cleared", we were allowed to pass. hoods, each with a long waiting list. Some stan is cooperating fully in allowing the What I remember most at that point was have over 300 babies waiting. Most new situation in East Pakistan to return to sheer indignation anger. How I wondered can suburban-housing developers build a. creche, reasonable stability and refugees from a. people survive with this basic affront to the management of which is usually turned East Pakistan are permitted to the ex­ their human rights and dignity? But in Bel­ over to the Administration of Public Assist­ ance. In older neighborhoods, a va..riety of tent feasible to return t0 their homes fast, this kind of thing has become a way of life. That is the real tragedy-that people physical structures have been converted to and to reclaim their lands and property. creches of varying degrees of adequacy. In At this point, I think it is important to have become doomed to resign themselves to this. Later on, driving back to the school, we some of the poorest neighborhoods, the mention that the House-passed measure passed through much of the city and it got buildings used often provide inadequate in­ also calls for $100 million to provide as­ to the point that at a. glance, I was becoming door space and little opportunity for any out­ sistance for the relief of refugees from expert to distinguishing the Catholic from door activities. Yet there are many conver­ the east and for humanitarian relief in the Protestant areas--it seemed that the de­ sions which afford almost ideal circum­ the east itself. This is important not gree of destruction was proportioned to the stances, for example, sun balconies for the only from a humanitarian standpoint, amount of Catholics in the area-the Protes­ smaller babies from eight weeks of age and tant areas for the most part seemed un­ large yards with sandboxes and flower gar­ but because it will help relieve the enor­ touched. In Patholic areas Streets had been dens for toddlers and children up to three mous burden that India has assumed of gutted out-pock marked by British trucks, years. The Public Assistance officials welcome feeding, clothing, and housing 7,500,000 la.ndrovers driving through-long stretches the opportunity for advanced architectural refugees, a burden that AID estimates of lamposts had been knocked down. This planning of the new creches in suburbs will cost India $400 million for 6 months too, we were told had been done by the Brit­ where space llmitaltions are less critical. alone. ish. Debris all over the place--remnants of The public creches are open only to ba.bie< of mothers who work, except when specifl,., Mr. Speaker, we cannot bring back to barricades used by a terrorized crowd to pro­ tect themselves from troops storming in the social problems provide an urgent indication. life the 200,000 dead East Pakistanis, but area.. The mothers pay according to their means if we speak out and deny our moral and but all pay something for their babies' care. material support to Pakistan, perhaps The French government gives an allotment its military government may yet be CHll.D-CARE ARRANGEMENTS IN to working mothers (2.3 percent of salary) forced to seek a political settlement ac­ OTHER COUNTRIES: FRANCE to help offset the expense (Davidson, 1962) ceptable to Bengal's people. It is in this when necessary. The creches are open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. spirit that I urge my colleagues in the HON. DONALD M. FRASER six days a week. The average creche accom­ Senate to avoid further delay on the OF MINNESOTA modates forty to sixty babies. The quality Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 and move IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of care varies considerably from one creche expeditiously to affirm the cutoff of aid to another, depending partially on physical to Pakistan. Wednesday, September 29, 1971 llm1tations but more so on the attitudes of Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, because of the sta1f. In one poor neighborhood, where both crowded conditions and adverse atti­ THE NORTHERN ffiELAND SITUA­ the child-care legislation which will soon tudes were in evidence, babies were kept all TION-A REPORT, NO. 7 be before this House I am submitting for day, except for feedings, in the bassinetlike the record a number of studies of child­ cribs, side by side, with crib covers occluding care and day-care arrangements in other observation of anything but ceilings and few HON. MARIO BIAGGI countries. Day care for preschool chil­ hanging toys. The nurses could not be in­ OF NEW YORK dren is becoming a necessity because of duced by the doctors to put the babies c•u their abdomens at any time because of tl"• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the number of American mothers who are employed with full-time jobs. We can fear they might suffocate. Moreover, the Wednesday, September 29, 1971 nurses were afraid to handle the babies be­ no longer ignore the fact that there are cause they might accidentally become Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, yesterday over 6 million women with children under bruised and the parents would complain. I included in the RECORD the first of three 6 who are employed and fewer than 10 They were afraid to let the babies play on the parts of a report prepared by my daugh­ percent of their children are able to be floor for the same reason, although the lim­ ter Jackie, following her visit to North­ placed in approved day-care centers or ited floor space was inadequate for babies to em Ireland. family day homes. I think that many learn to crawl. Today's segment is a commentary on thoughtful legislators are beginning to The majority of the creches are in stark what occurs to the traveler moving realize that the problem of child and in­ contrast to this distressing picture. More typ­ through the streets of Belfast, a city in fant care in the United States is far more ically, they are roomy, bright, and cheerful profound than setting up custodial day and provide space indoors and outdoors for the free world. Bear in mind that this is uncrowded activities of the entire group. The not Saigon or Jerusalem despite the simi­ care so that welfare mothers can go to newer nurses are more familiar with the psy­ larity to conditions in those war-torn work. chological implications of the care they pro­ cities. As the following study on France points vide. The Administration of Public Assistance The report follows: out, economic circumstances for many is optimistic that there will continue to be REPORT OF JACKIE BIAGGI-PART ll years required that both parents of Pari­ improvement in all the creches. As a matter of fact the only major affront sian families in the lower economic to our person occurred on the following day groups be employed. In 1963 there were *The authors are indebted to Dr. F. David­ when we were riding through Flax street. over 180 day-care facilities for children son, Chief Medical Inspector of Health of the Picture this if you will-a relatively long from 2 months to 3 years of age super­ Paris Medical Social Service for National and street with barricades made of wood and vised by the Paris Administration of Infant Protection, and her sta1f (especially barbed wire placed 1n such a fashion that a Public Assistance. The following article Mme. Hermant, Chief of Social Service, and car cannot drtve directly down the street but describes the nature and operation of Dr. Clair Vestn, Oreche Pediatrician) for must proceed in a zigzag fashion-on either day-care programs in Paris: opening the doors of their creches so wide. 34082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971

THE DIRECTOR separa.tion concern in the baby unless the AMERICA'S HEARTLAND More and more of the creches are directed mother "hangs around'• until the reaction by graduate nurses who have completed post­ comes to "reassure him." The babies are graduate training at L'Ecole de Puericulture hugged and then placed on a potty by the HON. JAMES W. SYi\11NGTON in Paris. Yet their one-year course is oriented nursing assistant when they are received OF MISSOURI from the mother. A few years ago, despite more to the care of sick than well children. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES All students rotate through the department strict regulations prohibiting such prema­ for premature babies, the outpatient clinic ture attempts, the caretakers in some creches Wednesday, September 29, 1971 for sick children, all the pediatric specialty started a baby on the potty as early as three clinics, as well as studying bacteriology and months of age, tying his shirt to a pole to Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, in a other laboratory subjects. They are also support him in a semisitting position. Babies mere 6 years we celebrate our second taught about and participate in welfare pro­ under a year may sit complacently on the centennial birthday party. We cannot be grams. In addition, those nurses who are pre­ potty for ten to twenty minutes having been in the position of showing our guests, paring to work in a creche instead of a hos­ given a cookie or toy to hold their attention and more importantly ourselves, blight­ pital have a one-month course in the admin­ until their turn to be bathed or dressed in ed ghettos, unopened schools, trash-lit­ istra.tion of a creche. The level of training at clothing provided by the creche. They are tered streets, and the other familiar in­ L'Ecole de Puericulture is relatively high, then given permission to play in another the same courses being used for preparing room. dicia of a community that is largely for medical doctors to specialize in pediatric Current research rent or for sale. practice. Toys are well designed and well utilized We simply must put our house in order The director of the creche is crucial. She by the staff with the toddler and older groups for that event. Otherwise it will indeed has an apartment in the creche for herself in the better creches. But even in the best be ea...

meat products could be reduced by ninety It was only this year, after several out­ as a heat exchange fiuid in a. plant six miles to ninety-five percent. Clearly, cosmetic tink­ breaks of PCB contamination, that PCB's upstream. Another such "closed system" use ering should not justify even a small risk were finally placed on USDA's checklist of of PCB's precipitated the very recent massive to our hea.lth. Moreover, labeling require­ possible con taminants. Public ignorance of contamiilaltion of fishmeal fed to poultry and ments with respect to nitrites are inade­ the risks of PCB use are a consequence of swin e throughQut the Southeast. Other recent gua.te and poorly enforced. several factors. First, Monsanto has con­ con taminations of the food supply have re­ The widespread existence of pesticide res­ sist ently refused to provide information nec­ sulted from use of PCB's in plastic wrapping idues in meat and poultry is an additional essary for an evaluation of the presence of for chicken feed packages (New York) and cause for alarm. USDA's surveillance of pes­ PCB's in the environment. Second, as we in silo linings for cattle feed storage (Ohio). ticides in meat and poult ry falls short in a shall see, USDA and FDA have been less Given the toxic, persistent and ubiquitous number of areas. First, the number of ani­ than fully candid in apprising t he public n ature of PCB's in our environment, it must mals sampled for pesticides is too small to of its PCB detect ion activities. come as a profound shock to consumers to give valid statistical estimates of the extent The scientific research on PCB's is very realize that neither USDA nor FDA routinely of contamination or to identify local pesti­ incomplete. Never th eless, such evidence as monitors the food supply for PCB residues. cide hot spots. Second, the secrecy with does exist suggests that PCB's constitute a (Indeed, as I noted above, PCB's were only which USDA shrouds !ncidents of seizure significant public h ealt h h azard. High doses this year inc! uded on USDA's checklist of pos­ gives the public a false sense of security of PCB's, t raced t o cooking oil extracted sible contaminants.) In light of this fact, the about pesticide residues in meat. The turkey from rice hulls, caused stlllbirths, miscar­ very recent PCB contamination of fishmeal scare at Thanksgiving, 1969, is an example. riages, skin disease, ar;d liver damage to in North Carolina becomes as understanda­ Third, some of the most dangerous pesti• nearly 10,000 people in western Japan in ble as it is alarming. The handling of this in­ cides are overlooked when USDA examines 1968.19 Scientists at the University of Wis­ cident by USDA and FDA suggests significant its meat samples because USDA's residue consin recently found that levels of PCB's gaps in the protection of food consumers from samplers are crisis-oriented and rarely take as low as 25 parts per mlllion in feed (no the onslaught of chemical contaminants. the initiative in looking for new contami­ lower levels were tested) made ducks more The incident may be briefly summarized: nants in meat. Fourth, USDA permits the susceptible t o death from infectious agents PCB's used as a "closed system" as heat trans­ uses of sQme pesticides which may contami­ such as duck hepatitis.20 fer fluid leaked into fishmeal produced a.t a nate meat even though it lacks analytical A preliminary report of research present­ North Carolina plant, East COast Terminal, technology to detect the chemicals in the ly being conducted for Monsanto indicates Inc., between April 30 and mid-July. food supply. USDA permits the use of the that chicks fed certain PCBs at ten parts per This fish meal was sold to 65 companies in herbicide 2,4,5-T on pastures and range­ million suffered significant loss of appetite, 12 states for use, among other things, as land although it contains up to 1 ppm tetra­ loss of body weight, decreased shell thick­ an ingredient in feed for chickens, turkeys dioxin, a highly stable compound which ness and poor hatchability. and hogs. Holly Farms, the nation's largest causes birth defects in test animals and is A public health report as far back as 1942 producer of broiler chickens, upon discover­ highly poisonous to man. USDA's pesticide documents that all 100 men in continual ing that the ha.tchabllity of its eggs was monitors report, however, that they lack in­ work con tact with PCBs in one plant devel­ impaired, performed commercial tests on struments sensitive enough to regularly oped sympt oms o'f chloracn e, a skin disease.:n sample chickens from fiocks representing measure dioxin in m eat. Cases of yellow liver atrophy in humans at­ over 8,000,000 birds. PCB residues of up to 40 Another trap for the meat consumer is the tributable to PCB's have also been iden­ ppm were found. Holly Farms then an­ use of hidden excess water in meat prod­ tified.22 nounced the destruction and burial of 77,000 ucts, particularly poultry. New technology The pervasiveness of PCB's in the environ­ chickens after being asked by the Associ­ has greatly reduced the amount of water ment has been amply documented. Last Octo­ ated Press to confirm a report from a govern­ necessary to adequately clean and chill birds, ber, PCB levels in fish near England were ment source that PCB had been found in its yet the General Accounting Office has found found as high as 900 parts per million-"the broilers. Holly Farms notified the fish meal that large amounts of poultry with excessive highest concen tration of poisQnous indus­ supplier which notified Monsanto which moisture are being shipped to the consumer. trial chemicals ever found in wildlife." In alerted FDA on the afternoon of July 16. On In 1967, for example, 44 federally-inspected addition, very high concentrations have been July 19, Holly Farms-not FDA-informed poultry plants-accounting for over thir­ found in dead Peregrine falcons and eagles. the USDA of the massive contamination. It teen percent of an interstate poultry shipped In 1970 and 1971, PCB's have been found was on July 22 that FDA supplied USDA during that year-were allowed to ship poul­ in h igh levels in poultry in three states. As with a list of the 65 purchasers '>f the con­ try despite exceeding moisture requirements a result of one of these incidents, FDA set taminated fish meal. at least twenty percent of the time. The an "administrative action level" of 5 ppm; Neither agency, however, hastened to in­ GAO concluded that the Department's fail­ below which PCB residues in the food supply form the public of the danger. It was only on ure to act left the public defenseless before were deemed safe. Yet this level appears to July 23--at least seven days after FDA adulterated poultry products and encour­ have been established quite arbitrarily with learned of it and four days after USDA aged managers of other plants to think that little or no solid scientific evidence to sup­ learned of it, and after newspaper reporters violations would go unpunished. Unfortu­ port it. Congressman Ryan requested in had begun raising questions-that USDA nately, these practices are virt ually undetect­ April, 1970 that FDA immediately undertake conceded on July 23 that a search was on able by the consumer and even difficult major toxicity studies on PCB. If FDA has for contaminated poultry. To USDA, evi­ for the inspector to detect. m ade such a study, it has not been made dently, silence is golden; but when tt finally A final hazard to the meat consumer are public. speaks to the consumer, it speaks with opti­ the hidden contaminants resulting from The presence of so toxic a contaminant in mism: "All the evidence indicates that con­ the widespread use of industrial chemicals the food supply at any significant level 1s an sumers have been buying a wholesome prod­ in our environment. The present situation extremely serious m atter, particularly for one uct, and can cont inue to buy and enjoy with respect to contamination of food by as fat soluble, pervasive and persistent as chicken with confidence." (Press release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a grim PCB's. According to an April, 1971 report July 29) reminder of the failure of government to to the President on toxic substances by the Let us briefly review this evidence. So far adequately protect the defenseless consum­ Council on Environmental Quality, only 1 as one can tell, this glowing statement was er. ppm of PCB's h as been found to be fatal made: (1) less than three days after concen­ PCBs are a group of industrial chemicals to juvenile pink shrimp after a 48-hour ex­ trat ed testing began; (2) on the basis of that have toxicological, chemical, and en­ posure. Exposure to this same level stopped somewhat over 100 samples of chickens, out vironmental simllarities to DDT. They are oyster shell growth in 96 hours. Concentra­ of an intended sample of only 400 birds; manufactured by Monsanto u nder the name tions of up t o 250 ppm of PCB's have been (3) on the basis of tests on chickens slaugh­ Aroclor, and 1o-20 million pounds are pro­ found in human tissues. tered since July 23; (4) in the absence of sys­ duced each year. As their dangerous quali­ The theory behind tolerating PCB levels tematic testing of processed chicken products ties have become better known, Monsanto of 5 ppm in the food supply may have been such as frozen foods, TV dinners, chicken has felt obliged to withdraw them from t he that Monsanto only markets PCB's for "closed soup, etc.; and ( 5) in the face of Holly Farms' market except for use in so-called "closed system" uses. There are, however, several earlier destruction of 77,000 of its own systems," such as heat transfer units, elec­ glaring defects in this theory. First, Monsanto chickens due to high PCB residues; (6) de­ tric transformers, etc. does not and cannot contml the uses to which spit e the fact that chickens on the market PCBs are even more stable than DDT and, PCB's are put; it can suggest cert ain uses and in consumers freezers had reached the like DDT, are fat soluble an d ii:Soluble in and rest rictions but its control ends at the market before USDA began its testing. water. They contain m ore chlorine by weight point of sale. Thus, PCB's have been ap­ Two other pieces of evidence ignored by than DDT, and belong to the chemical fam­ plied for use as agricultural pesticides despite USDA and FDA belie the reassurances of the lly of polychlorinated phen olic compounds Monsan t o's admonition against such use. press release. First, one day after the release, to which the highly toxic 2,4,5-T belongs. Second, history teaches us that there is no USDA mentioned that Holly Farms had de­ Perhaps most alarming, their manufact ure such thing as a "closed system" in modern stroyed 88,000 birds. Reporter questioning raises grave risks of contamination with life. Take two such "closed system" uses for brought out that that figure included 11,000 the extremely dangerous compounds known example. According to the CEQ report cited birds kllled In a. new round of mass slaughter­ as dioxins.l8 above, PCB's were detected in oysters in ing last week. Ascambia Bay, Florida. in April, 1969. The Th e second new piece of evidence is more Footnotes at end of a.rtlcle. source of this contamination were POB's used alarming. According t o a confidential but 34088 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 highly reliable source, the heat transfer unit a Dr. W. L. Ingalls paper presented to the that "the present situation with respect to which leaked PCB's into the fish m eal at the 87th annual meeting of American Veterinary contamination of food by polychlorinated bi­ East Coast Terminal plant. was repaired sev­ Medical Association, August 21-24, 1950, phenyls (PCBs) is a grim reminder of the eral times between April 30 and July 15 by Hearings before Subcommittee on Livestock failure of government to adequately protect means of patches, each of which was only and Grains of the Committee on Agriculture, the defenseless consumer." Unfortunately, able to contain the j'luid for a time. If this is HotlSe of Rep., 90th Congress, 2nd Session, those remarks were all too prophetic. In the true, then the PCB'b would have leaked i:t;tto February, 1968. period since then, we have witnessed an es­ the meal not throughout that entire penod ~ HotlSe of Represent atives Report No. 653 calation of public exposure to contaminated but in a discontinuous fashion; for the pe­ on Federal Meat Inspection Act, p. 4 (1967). food products which bodes very ill for con­ r 'ods during which the patches held, there 5 Statement of Leslie Orear, Director of sumers in the future. would have been no PCB contamination at Publications, United Packinghouse Food and Before disctlSsing some of the more signifi­ all, while during other periods, PCB contam­ Allied Workers, AFL-CIO, who helped expose cant lessons to be learned from recent events, ination would have proceeded. If t~is in­ unsanitary meat conditions in Chicago. it is essential to underscore several salient formation is correct, then what otherw1se ap~ a The only exception is for plants which facts which must inform any legislation or pears to be a glaring disparity-Holly Farms clearly endanger public health. oversight in this vitally important area of finding of massive contamination of poultry 7 State inspectors already inspect meat in public policy: and USDA's finding of virtually no contami­ interstate plants in several states, under 1. The plague of chemical contaminants of nation of birds slaughtered after July 23- auspices of the Talmadge-Aiken Act. This our environment and our food supply which becomes instead a pattern of disconti:t;tuous Act en courages states to cooperate in the is now upon tlS is clearly only in its earliest contamination consistent with a contmued inspection or grading of various agricultural stages. According to the President's Coun­ danger of toxic levels of PCB's in our food commodities. Under the Act, some state in­ cil on Environmental Quality, about 2 Inllllon supply. we have conveyed this information spectors are assigned to federally-inspected chemical compounds are known, and several to USDA and they have expressed their inten­ plants. States are reimbursed on a fifty-fifty thotlSand new ones are discovered each year, tion to follow this up. basis. Talmadge-Aiken is, in effect, a loop­ of which several hundred are annually in­ Another mystery concerns eggs and egg hole which, if widely used, might allow USDA troduced into commercial tlSe. Yet the effects products. Fish meal is used not only to feed to defederalize gradually without going back on man of most of these substances are breeding hens and broilers but often to feed to Congress for new legislation. A Govern­ exceedingly poorly understood; testing has laying hens as well. There is no question but ment Accounting Office survey released in largely been confined to their acute effects, that PCB's present in the laying hen may June, 1970 found significantly more inspec­ while knowledge of the chronic, long-term easily be transmitted to the egg. Yet USDA tion failures in Talmadge-Aiken plants than effects is very inadequate. The Council fur­ is only now beginning to t est broken egg in federal plants. ther finds that the existing legal machinery products such as egg mix, mayonnaise, etc. 8 Dr. William B. Buck, The Use of Drugs in for protecting the public from the premature for PCB's resulting from East Coast Terminal AnimaL FeecLs, Publication 1679, National introduction of these substances is also in­ fish meal. A grand total of 40 samples will be Academy of Sciences, 1969, p. 215. adequate. As I shall discuss below, it is evi­ 9 taken. See NationaL Provisioner, January 10, 1970. dent that the existing foOd inspection pro­ . Even more deplorable is FDA's apparent 10 Albuquerque Journal, June 5, 1970, p . grams are, as presently constituted and abdication of its important responsibility to A-9. funded, incapable of assuring that these ensure that shell eggs are free of PCB con­ n New EnglancL Journal of MecLicine, Vol. Inaterials, once introduced into the environ­ tamination. In an effort to learn what FDA 281, No. 12, September 18, 1969, p. 677. ment, will not contaminate the food supply. had done in this critical area since the dis­ uSee Dorothy Cottrell, "The Price of Beef", The point is that while our knowledge o:t closure of the risk of PCB's in poultry, we Environment, Vol. 13, No. 6, July/August, the effects of particular substances is, to say 1971, p. 44. the least, imperfect, we can no longer plead called an employee at the Office of Compli­ 13 ance of FDA's Bureau of Foods and Pesticides, Statement of Charles C. Edwards, M.D., ignorance about the fact that we are taking only to be told that he had been instructed Commissioner of the Food and Drug Adminis­ significant risks in the increasing chemical­ not to answer any qt.estions asked by people tration before the Subcommittee on Inter­ ization of our technology, that these risks are at the center for Study of Responsive Law. governmental Relations HotlSe Committee on bound to increase geometrically as more sub· After checking with his superior, Mr. Thomp­ Government Operations, March 16, 1971. stances are introduced, that we are not son, he stated that any questions would have u With this method, DES-suspect meat is masters of this technology (indeed, the to be directed to Mr. Brown. When Mr. Brown fed to mice which are checked after ten days reverse is probably more nearly the case), for uterine tumors. that the true social costs of these substances finally returned our call, we asked him 15 whether representatives of agribusiness re­ Fassett, D. W., publication 1354, National are not necessarily reflected in their prices, ceived the same treatment and he assured :us Academy of Science-National Research and that our governmental institutions are that FDA had a policy of full public dis­ Council, p. 251. not now capable of ensuring that benefits and 16 Barry Commoner, the well-known costs are in some reasonable balance. In closu re at all. Getting down to cases, he in­ biologist at Washington University (St. formed me that he was "not particularly con­ short, our technological reach has exceeded cerned" about PCB contamination because Louis) has warned against excessive use of our institutional grasp and that tragic gap nitrogen fertilizers which may cause spinach is Widening an the time. This problem will FDA had carried on an egg inspection pro­ to have nitrate levels of potential danger to gram during fiscal1971 and had found no ex­ not go away; it is just beginning. small children. 2. It is certainly true that absolute safety cessive PCB r esidues. A grand, nationwide an­ 17 Statement of Dr. William Lijinsky, Eppley nual total of 100 samples were taken under is, practically speaking, an impossibility, Institute, University of Nebraska., Medical that the cost of ensuring a safe food supply this program. Not only does this sampling Center, Omaha, Nebraska., before the Inter­ constitute an infinitesimal proportion of the governmental Relations Subcommittee of is sign ificant (though rather trivial com­ approximately 70 billion eggs produced in the the Committee on Governmental Operations, pared to the cost of other federal programs­ u.s. each year, but it has very li.t~le to do March 16, 1971. the food inspection programs of USDA and FDA total about $165 Inlllion per year, or with assessing the specia : risks arlSmg from 18 See Statement of Dr. Jacqueline Verrett, the PCB contamination unleashed at East Food and Drug Administration, in Hearings 3-4% of the cost to consumers of the import coast Terminals. Nevertheless, Mr. Brown's before Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Re­ subsidy to the needy oil industry), and unconcern contin ues; the 100 egg samplings sources, and the Environment of the Senate that the food inspection agencies cannot do for PCB'S arising from the East Coast Termi­ Committee on Commerce, April 15, 1970, pp. more than their resources permit them to nals debacle will get rolling sometime next 190ff. do. Any responsible critic must recognize week-almost one month after FDA first 19 these facts, and we certainly do. Nevertheless, See Remarks of Bon. John Dellenback, it is for Congress, not the food inspection learned of the contamination. Congressional Record, June 26, 1970, p. E6031. Unfortunately, the failures of FDA and 20 agencies, to determine priorities and the Science, Vol. 170, December 18, 1970, p. relative importance of food inspection to USDA t o adequately protect the consumel 1314. against PCB's and other contaminants con­ 21 the public. And indeed, Congress has spoken Public Health Reports, Vol. 57, no. 47, in enacting the meat and poultry legisla­ tinue. It is essential that Congress provide p. 1747 (November 20, 1942). these agencies with the resources and relent­ 22 tion and the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Louis Schwartz, "Acute Yellow Atrophy and in generally giving the food inspection less prodding which alone can assure the con­ of the Liver," Journal of Public Health, Vol. sumer of wholesome meat and poultry. agencies the appropriations they say they 26, p. 586 (June, 1936). need to implement those laws. For fiscal FOOTNOTES 1972, for example, Congress appropriated 1 Statement of Ralph Nader before a. Sub­ STATEMENT OF PETER H. SCHUCK, EsQ., CENTER over $6,000,000 more for meat and poultry committee of the Committee on Agriculture FOR STUDY OF RESPONSIVE LAW, BEFORE THE inspection than USDA requested. Certainly, and Forestry, U.S. Senate, 90th Congress, 1st SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND EN· the Congress cannot be certain what level Session, November 1, 1967, p. 142. VIRONMENT OF THE HOUSE INTERSTATE AND of food safety the public wants and is willing :a Government RejectecL Consumer Items, FOREIGN COMMERCE COMMITTEE, SEPTEli.I• to pay for unless the public and Congress Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Com­ BER 14, 1971 are fully apprised of the risks, the costs, mittee on Government Operations, House of Gentlemen: Thank you for your invita­ and the benefits of particular food inspec­ Representatives, 90th Congress, 2nd Session, tion to testify today. When I last testified be­ tion policies. The events of the last few April 2, 3, 1968, p. 88. fore this subcommittee on August 4, I stated months suggest that this full disclosure has Septembe·r 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34089 not been the rule. Rather, the food inspec­ level of safety the consumer wants and what food adulteration and not one associated tion agencies seem wedded to the "all is he is willing to pay for it. with any identifiwble imminent health haz­ well" and "the public is adequately protect­ To get more into specifics, it seems to me ard. For this reason, a public health alert ed" principles of public relations. The phi­ that the recent incidents concerning PCB was not declared after the FDA found that losophy underlying this posture was well­ contamination of the food supply have a the three lots of shell eggs in question were summarized in testimony by FDA Commis­ number of lessons for us if we will only heed not available for seizure. sioner Edwards before the Senate Appro­ them. The first is that there is no such thing The issue, of course, is not only why FDA priations Committee on May 13 of this year: as a closed systems use of a toxic substance did not declare a public health alert, but It's important to keep in mind that we that can ensure immunity of the food sup­ why FDA did not inform the public at all cannot broadcast warnings about specific ply from contamination. My earlier testi­ and why, when it was obliged to do so, it ut­ products without reliable scientific evi­ mony before this subcommittee cites some terly failed to tell the public what it most dence to back up our action-not because we evidence for this proposition. As i'f this evi­ needed to know. are "afraid of hurling industry" but because dence-based on contamination of broilers-­ Unfortunately, this is not an isolated ex­ the products under our jurisdiction are so were not enough, PCBs have since been dis­ ample. On August 12, we discovered that 20 vital to everyday living. We can't deluge the covered at excessive levels in shell eggs, of the first 56 shell egg samples tested by public with scare items based on our sus­ broken egg products, turkeys (at up to 86 FDA had contained excessive levels of PCBs picions. We can't caution the public that ppm in fat tissue), fish (at up to 360 ppm), and that this had been known by FDA for at there might be something wrong with a swine, fish feed, rendered meat meal used in least a week. Again, FDA failed to make this product in rare instances or that use of a animal feed, laying hens, and most recently, public, despite FDA's knowledge that 60,000 product should be restricted, because public packaging products used to package foods. tainted eggs had already reached consumers, reaction is always an over-reaction: The And the end may not be in sight. All of these and despite the distinct possibility that other pendulum swings too far in most cases, and contaminations have resulted from so-called tainted eggs were likewise reaching consum­ consumers tend to boycott a product if any "closed systems uses" of PCBs. We can no ers. It was only after we informed the press doubts have been raised about it, even longer plead ignorance of the inescapable of the situation and news stories appeared though we might feel that continued use fact that the environment, like the law, is a that FDA made its findings public. within certain limits is entirely justified. seamless weh; we must not make policy on USDA discovered in turkeys the highest Apart from the straw men created and the mythical premise that the web has seams. PCB levels yet found in meat or poultry prod­ destroyed by this statement--no one wants A second lesson is that the food inspection ucts en route to the consumer market: 11.83 to deluge the public with scare items; no agencies cannot be relied upon to make these ppm in total edible tissues. Though USDA one wants warnings issued without reliable matters public in timely 'fashion, or to aban­ discovered this contamtnation on August 12 scientific evidence-its premise that con­ don their Panglossian public information and detained 250,000 pounds of turkeys as sumers cannot be trusted with the entire posture when they do finally speak. My prior a result, it failed to make this matter public truth because they will over-react is vul­ until it was obliged to respond by letter to testimony cited one example of USDA public Senator McGovern's inquiries. On August 26, nerable on several grounds. First, it con­ information policy. An even more egregious tradicts Dr. Edwards' earlier characteriza­ example occurred in mid-August when we the day of its letter to McGovern, it finally tion of the "far more sophisticated con­ issued a news release. independently discovered that over 60,000 On August 13, Ralph Nader wrote to Sec­ sumer today, a consumer wh"o is far more shell eggs with excessive levels of PCBs had knowledgeable about scientific theory and retary Hardin of USDA concerning, among definitely rea-ehed consumers in the Wash­ other things, the voluntary recall in late July techniques", who "wants more information ington, D.C. area on August 7 or so. FDA had about the product he buys" and whose of Genoa salami products infected with sampled the eggs in North Carolina on Au­ staphylococcus bacteria: "questions cannot be ignored". Second and gust 4, and learned on August 9 that the eggs more important, it is simply not- so. Take, We are informed by reliable sources that contained up to 2.18 ppm of PCBs, well above USDA has wholly failed to inform at least for example, the recent discovery of botulism the FDA guidelines of 0.5 ppm. When FDA in a small number of cans of Campbell's some state departments of health as to what officials arrived at the warehouse of the actions they should take in implementing chicken vegetable soup, and the publicized Washington distributor on August 9 and recall of the soup. Surely, in view of the re­ the recall, and that in at least one instance, learned that the eggs had been sold to re­ USDA has wholly failed to even respond to cent and widely-publicized death and paral­ tailers on August 6 or so, FDA failed to track ysis of a man and wife from Bon Vivant urgent requests for assistance by a state de­ down the retail locations of these eggs. What partment of health. Evidently, USDA's aloof­ soup, this is an excellent case with which to is even more appalling, FDA made no effort test Dr. Edwards' thesis that "public reaction ness from the problems which its inspection to alert consumers to the danger so that they failures have imposed on the public and on is always an over-reaction". According to the could destroy those contaminated eggs not state authorities has produced drastic re­ New York Times of August 25, however, the yet ingested. They did not make the matter public reacted with great circumspection. A sults; according to the New Jersey Depart­ public and I am certain that the public would ment of Health, the 'recalled' products were spot check in over 15 cities revealed that con­ never have known had we not informed the still on the shelves of 17 retail establish­ sumers were taking the crisis calmly, that the press of our discovery on August 17. What was ments in 12 municipalities on August 12 public disclosure of the recall had little ef­ FDA's response when the matter finally be­ That this is what is to be expected from a fect on soup sales. Some shoppers made in­ came public? Did it tell the public that its voluntary recall program is painfully obvi­ quiries of their grocers and "a few wary" guideline o'f 0.5 ppm had been established ous to everyone but, apparently, USDA. ones returned cans of Campbell's chicken because PCBs, while not presenting a danger On August 4, Senator Spong told a Sen­ vegetable soup, but calm was the prevailing of acute toxicity, were extremely pervasive, ate subcommittee of information indicating response. persistent poisons which accumulate in body that FDA had known for about a year of the There is simply no justification for a food tissues and, at threshhold concentrations at existence of PCB concentrations of up to 360 inspection agency failing to make full and present unknown, constitute a grave health ppm in fish taken from Alabama streams, timely disclosure about the quality of the danger? Did it tell the public that, almost by and that FDA had apparently failed to make food supply on the ground that an informed definition, any ingestion of these poisons the matter public. public will always over-react. Our system contributes to that accumulation, that the These incidents of non-disclosure to the presupposes that, within very broad limits, guidelines were established for just that rea­ public are all too common. Not only are it IS for the consumer to decide for himself son, and that therefore any consumers with they-when they are ultimately brought to on the basis of full information what he such eggs should destroy them? No, evidently light--eroding public confidence in food in­ will and will not eat, and what risks he will FDA felt that a public so informed would spection agencies, but by inhibiting the pub­ and will not take. either "over-react" or would blame FDA for lic and Congress from learning of the magni­ Nor is there justification for falllng to the incident. Instead, FDA spokesmen told tude of the threat of chemical contamina­ fully inform the consumer on the ground the inquiring press on August 18: "That tion of the environment, these agencies are that the danger to the public is not yet con­ much PCB is like a drop in a tank car. The definitely affecting the inclination of the clusively proved. When dealing with the in­ only reason .5 is the guideline is because public to press for changes in public policy tegrity of the food supply, consumer protec­ technology won't let us detect much less concerning food inspection and toxic sub­ tion agencies cannot act on mere rumor, to than that"; and "The short-term exposure stances. Accordingly a preliminary answer to be sure, but neither in many cases can they that might be expected to occur does not the question of how much protection the afford to wait until all the evidence is in. Of indicate to us there is a real health problem consumer really wants is that what the con­ necessity, they must often act on the basis here. I'd hate everybody to start worrying sumer really wants depends to a great extent of incomplete information and disclose that about the eggs they eat." On September 8, re­ on what he is told by his government. Thus, fact to the consumer. The burden of any un­ plying to Congressman William F. Ryan's re­ there are at least three good reasons why food certainty must not fall on the consumer. The quest for a full report on this incident and inspection agencies must make full and food inspection laws did not intend that he FDA's efforts to warn consumers after find­ timely disclosure +.o the public-to enable the be made a guinea pig simply because we live ing that the contaminated eggs had already public to protect itself in specific instances in an uncertain world. been marketed, FDA stated simply: of contamination, to make public confi dence It is only when the condition of full and On the basis of the best available scientific in these agencies possible, and to create an timely disclosure to the consuming public data, the FDA judged the problem of PCB­ informed public which can decide those is met that one may justifiably speak of what contaminated eggs to be one o'f undesirable policy issues concerning food purity which 34090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 the agencies have all too frequently arrogated public and reduces the ability of government Feldman Veal Corporation), have now been to themselves. agencies to control the scope of contamina· convicted of a sixth violation of laws "based A third lesson to be learned is that the food tion. upon the acquiring, handling, or distributing inspection agencies tend to engage in crisis­ Third, Federal food agencies should be em­ of unwholesome, mislabeled, or deceptively coping instead of crisis-prevention with re­ powered to guarantee and embargo suspect packaged food or upon fraud in connection spect to threats to pulblic health which are products instrastate and to seize such prod­ With transactions in food" (21 U.S.C. § 671) real though not palpable. The warnings about ucts without first having to get the Depart­ In the same article, an assistant United PCBs are not new, nor have they been con­ ment of Justice to go to court. Under present States Attorney was quoted after only the fined to the precincts of science. On April 9, procedures, informal arrangements must be fifth conviction as describing the company 1970, Congressman Ryan called for the estab­ resorted to, creating the possib111ty of delay, as "the worst violator of Department of Ag­ lishment of food tolerance levels for PCBs by buck-passing, and lack of cooperation. riculture regulations in the East." FDA and the establishment of an inter-de­ Fourth, the law should require that when Under 21 U.S.C. § 671, the Secretary is au­ partmental task force on PCBs. He has reiter­ samples are taken for testing from a suspect thorized to determine that such a company ated the need for these actions on numerous lot in transit, the consignee must be formally is "unfit to engage in any business requiring subsequent occasions. As of today, FDA has notified of the fact that he is about to receive inspection" where the company has been con­ still not established a formal tolerance for a suspect lot and required to hold that lot victed of one such felony or more than one PCBs in food, but has only established a tern· until given a release authorization from the such misdemeanor, and upon such determi­ porary "action level", promulgated only after appropriate food agency. Had such require­ nation, to withdraw inspection service under a PCB incident earlier this year, an action ments been in effect, Washington consumers the Wholesome Meat Act. Yet unaccount­ level about which PCB expert Dr. Robert would not have been exposed to excessive ably, USDA has not commenced proceedings Risebrough recently stated in Science Maga­ levels of PCBs in over 60,000 eggs. looking toward such a determination even zine: "Five parts per million is just a num­ Fifth, in emergency situations, food agen­ though this company has constituted a dem­ ber. I'm sure FDA pulled it out of the air." As cies should be empowered to contract ana­ onstrated brazen and flagrant threat to pub­ for the inter-departmental task force, it was lytical laboratory work out to private lab:::~ra­ lic health for over 20 years. finally estB~blished last week only after the tories under appropriate safeguards as to I am told by Mr. Goodman of your staff latest contamination of food packaging was quality, and to hire civilian technicians en that USDA will not even consider com­ discovered (though not made public) , and an emergency basis to work in government mencing preliminary action in this matter after the crest of public pressure had been laboratories for the duration of the crisis. until the company pays the fine levied reached. Similarly, the USDA emergency sam­ At present, Government laboratories are not against it for this sixth violation, as if that pling program for PCBs in egg products only equipped to handle widespread emergencies event had any relation whatsoever to your got under way after much pressure and the requiring extra manpower and facilities. clear and unambiguous statutory responsi­ finding of PCB contamination in eggs by When, as in the pres~nt case, several emer­ bilities in such a clear case. FDA. And it was only on August 17 or so, a gencies occur simultaneously, these labora­ There can be no conceivable justification month after USDA learned of the massive tories are simply not able to re£pond quickly for even one more day of delay in this matter. contamination of poultry feed, and after and adequately. If ever a company was 'unfit to engage in USDA discovered very high levels in a lot of Sixth, the division of food inspection re­ any business requiring inspection', it is Feld­ 250,000 pounds of turkey, that USDA insti­ sponsibilities between a number of agencies man Veal Corporation. Proceedings for With­ tuted a program for samping all lots of hens is increasingly unsatisfactory and productive drawal of inspection under 21 U.S.C. § 671 and turkeys in the 10-state area before only of mischief. To cite but one example, m st be commenced immediately if USDA slaughter. FDA, as of a week ago, had failed to furnish regulation of wholesome meat is to have (1) A final lesson to be derived from recent USDA with a list of the subcontractors of any punitive effect on dangerous and persist­ events is that existing institutional arrange­ the 64 firms which purchased the contami­ ent criminal activity in the food industry, ments and procedures are simply inadequate nated meal from East Coast Terminal. FDA, (2) any deterrent effect on future violators, to cope with the ever-increasing risks from with jurisdiC'tion over inspection of meal, (3) any equitable effect on the competitive chemical contamination of the environment stood between USDA and the i nformB~tion position of companies that seek to comply and the food supply. In the weeks and months that it needed and still needs to ensure that with the law upon which companies like aheoo, the Congress will undoubtedly want all possible sources of contamination of meat Feldman Veal Corporation trample with such to review these arrangements and procedures and poultry have been closed off. The di­ impunity, and (4) any protective benefit in an effort to meet this new challenge, and vision of inspection authority over shell eggs and credibility to the defenseless public. we stand ready to assist this effort. At this (FDA) and egg products (USDA) is particu­ In addition to asking that you keep me point, however, it may be helpful to identify larly irrational and dangerous. For example, infcrmed on the status of the above situa­ a few of the many institutional and legal de­ on August 13, the he81d of the Consumer and tion, I request that you provide me with a fects which contributed to the failures which Marketing Service of USDA said that he current list of all companies still in opera­ we have recently witnessed. knew nothing about any PCB contamination tion which have since 1960 been "convicted, -First, effective regulation requires detailed of eggs despite the fact that FDA had known ... in any Federal or State court, of (1) information about the characteristics and lo­ about such contamination for some time any felony, or (2) more than one violation cation of chemical contamination of the food and also knew that contamination in eggs of any law, other than a felony, based upon supply. This information is at present not raised the distinct possibility of contamina­ the acquiring, handling, or distributing of available to the food agencies or even to Con­ tion in egg products, a matter within USDA's unwholesome, mislabeled, or deceptively gress. For example, Monsanto, the sole do­ jurisdiction. packaged food or upon fraud in connection mestic manufacturer of PCBs, has continu­ Seventh, food inspeC'tion responsibility With transactions in food," and the actions, ally and steBidfastly refused to furnish Con­ should be allocated to an agency that is if any, taken by USDA under 21 U.S.C. §671 wholly and unequivocally devoted to the pro­ in the case of each such company. gressman Ryan with its production and sales tection of the consumer, and that is not data concerning PCBs. It regards such data as I thank you for your B~SSistance and look "extremely confidential" even though it has confronted at every turn with agonizing con­ forward to an early reply. no domestic competitors for this product. flicts of constituencies. My remarks at the Very truly yours, Monsanto states that it ls willing to furnish earlier hearing elaborated on the need for ---.---. the information to "responsible government such a change, so I shall not dwell on it agencies" but reserves the right to determine here. A little deterrence could go a long way, which are and are not "responsible". Legal Eighth, the penalties provided by the food if only the agencies were prepared to apply authority to compel the disclosure to govern­ inspection laws must be enforced against the law vigorously and courageously. Con­ ment agencies of all information necessary to firms which violate those provisions. Recall gress can give them the incentive to do so. the protection of the public should be en­ is not a.n adequate deterrent--indeed, when In conclusion, let me state what this testi­ acted. coupled with the public information policies mony has not been. It has not been an exer­ of the food agencies, it is no deterrent at cise in Monday morning quarterbacking, for Second, the obligation of food producers, all. In an industry that is increasingly char­ there were those in Congress and elsewhere manufacturers, processors, and distributors acterized by oligopolistic tendencies, com­ who raised these issues tirelessly both be­ to immediately notify government agencies petitive pressures are also inadequate de­ fore, and during all stages of, this incident. of suspicious circumstances suggesting some terrents. When firms can trample on the Nor has this been an effort to blame this un­ danger to the integrity of the food supply pure food laws with near impunity, the fortunate incident on the food inspection must be extended and clarified by law. Holly public is deprived of perhaps its grea.test agencies; the original leakage was obviously Farms appears to have delayed a considerable protection. To cite but one of many possible not their fault and they do not have there­ time. According to Assistant Secretary of examples, I set forth a letter that I wrote on sources to deal ooequately with one, much Agriculture Lyng, Holly Farms knew at least August 16 to Dr. Kenneth M. McEnroe, Di­ less several, such crises simultaneously. as early as June 7 that some of its broiler rector of USDA's Meat and Poultry Inspec­ Rather, it has been an effort to try to learn flocks showed mortality about seven times the tion Program: from past failures in order to avoid future normal rate, and it discontinued using fish­ DEAR DR. McENROE: According to a recent ones. If the agencies either conceal or do not meal from the Wilmington plant on J uly 12. report in the New York Times, the Feldman identify those failures, then others must fill Yet it was not until July 19 that Holly Parms Veal Corporation, 410 West 13th Street, New the void. Only then will the Congress and notified USDA of the problem. In such cases, York, New York, and/or the Feldman cous­ the public be in a position to make wise .each day of delay magnifies the danger to the ins (persons "responsibly connected With" the policy in this vital area. September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34091 PATRICK CARDINAL O'BOYLE ON better when I was a young man and World teachers for a greater part of the average day THE NEED FOR RELIGIOUS EDU­ War I was devouring millions of young lives than they are with their parents. We have CATION IN AMERICA in the most terrible slaughter of all times. all too easily assumed that a general spirit It was not any better thirty years ago when of "good will," or "faith in democracy," or Hitler began his campaigns of aggression. other such vague moral concepts would car­ J. No-the problem of the young is not the state ry us along very nicely-without our having HON. CHARLES CARNEY of the world, but the state of themselves as to get down to the brass tacks of teaching OF OHIO they face the world. For many, that is a the young the reality of God, of teaching the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES state which I must describe as "rootless." young the Ten Commandments, of teaching Wednesday, September 29, 1971 By this I mean that, in contrast with young the young to pray. people of former genemtions, great num­ If we presently reap a world not unlike the Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, a short bers of our present crop of teenagers and world of Rome in the period of its decay­ time ago I provided the 218th and final people in their twenties today no longer seem a luxurious, disorderly, cruel and disinte­ signature required to discharge from the to have a grip on basic verities which, to a grating society-we should not be surprised. Judiciary Committee a proposed consti­ greater or lesser extent, it was the fortune In spite of all of the indignities which were of past generations to have had. Our young heaped upon the Catholic immigrants who tutional amendment to permit nonde­ people talk about "rights," but many are came to this country by the older Americans nominational prayer in public schools. not able to say what they think the ulti­ who feared them, may I say that it is a My action was based on the belief that mate source of "rights" to be. Since the vast tragedy today that the Christian morality this issue is of such vital concern to many majority of American children attend the and outlook which characterized our tradi­ Americans that it should be considered public schools, it is important to realize tionally Protestant-oriented public school by the entire House. that, over the long generations and up to is no longer with us. The old Protestant in­ relatively recent times, the public schools sistence which we found in the public schools On November 26, 1969, Cardinal Pat­ were able to give at least some kind of pic­ of earlier times-teaching the reality of God, rick O'Boyle addressed the annual joint ture of the true source of "rights." In our the importance of the Commandments and meeting of the Rotary Club of Washing­ public schools of an older day, it was possible the importance of prayer-has given place ton and the Downtown Kiwanis Club to teach that God exists, and that God is to a vague secular humanism proving in­ concerning this subject. In his remarks, the source of all rights. In the public schools capable of meeting the demands of a sound Cardinal O'Boyle traced the influence of of an older day, there used to be affirmative social order and-indeed-meeting the deep religion on this Nation's development and teaching based upon the great statement of inner need of so many of our young people discussed the possible effects of Supreme our Founding Fathers in the Declaration of for basic roots. Independence: What is to be done? You will pardon me if Court rulings in this area. "We hold these truths to be self evident: I sa:v that I believe-more than ever today­ Mr. Speaker, I insert Cardinal O'Boyle's that all men are created equal, that they are that the parochial school is one answer. Be­ statement to the Kiwanis and Rotary endowed by their Creator with certain un­ lievers, of many faiths, are more and more clubs in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at alienable rights; that among these are life, coming to appreciate the fact that it is pos­ this time for the information and con­ liberty and the pursuit of happiness." sible for a child to get a good secular educa­ sideration of my colleagues in the House That was standard doctrine taught in the tion at the same time he receives teaching of and Senate: public schools for decades. It taught the a religious nature, and that schools which child that he has a Creator, that people provide both have been very successful and AnDRESS OF PATRICK CARDINAL O'BOYLE have rights, but that God (the Creator} have in no way caused divisiveness in our Tomorrow, our nation will be celebrating is the source of all human rights. pluralistic society. It is to be hoped that a feast, Thanksgiving Day, the philosophy It taught that some rights are what the more people will come to see the value of of which goes back to biblical times. In fact, Founders called "unalienable"-rights that such education, which can, in no sense so generally accepted has this wholesome no man, no government, no dictator, noma­ weaken the general effort to support public practice become that it is hard to remember jority can take away. This teaching gave the education. that it was not always so. In 1621, the Pil­ child some "root" certainty. If he believed Now, let me say with all sincerity that pa­ grims set aside a day of Thanksgiving for the that teaching, he could never support any rochial school education, with its emphasis successfUl harvest of that year. It was not kind of wanton violence, any communist or on religious courses, does not guarantee that until 1630, however, that the Massachusetts fascist dictatorship movement and-if he some of the pupils will not be numbered Bay Colony followed suit. During the War really thought about it--any kind of discrim­ among th-ose who are juvenile delinquents. for Independence the Continental COngress ination against any human being on ac­ However, they have less cause and less rea­ set aside one or two days each year to thank count of race or religion. This view of "rights" son to become delinquents because they have God for His blessings. is very different from the mentality being been taught that there is a God and that Gearge Washington and James Madison is­ produced in many of the schools today, in they are responsible to Him for the violation sued similar proclamations during their which belief in any ultimate value has been of His laws and the laws of the lan d. terms of office, and recommended that the discouraged. Naturally, therefore, many As to public education, which undoubtedly several States do likewise. Finally, in 1864, young poeple today, having no fixed idea as a large number of Americans wnl still desire President Abraham Lincoln officially pro­ to the source of human rights are easily as the schooling for their children, a gcod claimed the fourth Thursday of November as moved by highly motivated adults who seek many people undoubtedly feel that an im­ a day of Thanksgiving, and so recommended to win them to violent movements destruc­ passe has been reached. These people feel it to the States. And so it has been ever since. tive of all human rights. that it is not possible to give a full education I thought lt might be nelpful on this oc­ Fa.r more basic, however, to the "rootless­ in which all manner of knowledge is taught casion to mention one of the issues confront­ ness" of many of our young people is the as being true but in which the teacher may ing American Society today. If you are con­ fact that personal belief in God, traditional not affirm that a man has a soul, may not cerned about teenage crime (and who is concepts of morality based upon the Ten teach that God exists, may not exhort chil­ not?}, the rise in juvenile delinquency, the Commandments, and the habit of prayer dren to follow the great truths of the Ten growth of a spirit of revolt among the young, have been washed out of their lives. This has Commandments, and may not provide real drug addiction among children, the upswing com'f! about because decisions of our Supreme opportunity for prayer. You can scarcely In venereal disease rates among youth, and Court appear to have effectually barred the blame a child for thinking that all of these the breakdown in patriotism and morality teaching of the reality of God, inculcation matters are unimportant--or for not think­ among younger people, may I respectfully of the Ten Commandments, and outward ing about them at all-where the central make these comments, which are appllcable prayer in the public schools. It is not my teacher in his life-namely, the school-re­ throughout our nation: desire, in this address, to attempt any anal­ gards them either as unimportant or for­ First, whlle all of these mS~tters directly ysis or any criticism of these decisions. I bidden. I understand that up in New Jersey involve only a minority of our young people, desire merely to point out that they have the effort is being made to create the oppor­ they Indirectly affect great numbers of our caused the obliteration of what now increas­ tunity for silent prayer. But this, as you young people. These people are the coming ingly appears to have been a very important know, is already being fought by the pres­ body politic of the nation, and when a part and basic element in our society. I believe sure groups which have been largely respon­ of any body is a111ng, the whole person is af­ that we are going to find out--find out very sible for getting religious observances thrown fected. I am not here to criticize the younger painfully-the tremendous difference be­ out of the public schools already. It seems generation. Instead, I speak out of compas­ tween the man who-even though he may to me that the Supreme Court of the United sion for these, our children. Many people not be a regular churchgoer-believes in God, States, one of these days, is going to have to have pointed out that our younger people the truths of the Ten Commandments, and take another look at its decision on this act as they do, because of the terrible state has occasional recourse to prayer, and the subject. which older generations have left the world man who is familiar with none of these As our national social crisis deepens (and in. But the state of the world has always things. We have all too ea-sily assumed that it appears indeed to be deepening), I predict been bad. It was not any better a century the parents of great masses of our people that more of our people are going to be ago when the nation had gutted itself with would be able to impart the3e religious values turning to God for guidance. As they do so, Civil War and was virtually sinking under to their children, even though we must have they are not going to permit their religious financial and polltlcal crises. It was not any realized that children are with their school· aspirations to be dammed up. Not only Will 34092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 they revive the practice of religion in their Provide for a series of phased and rapid Many people are afraid to bike today homes, but they will demand that the schools withdrawals of United States nimtary forces because of the very real danger from give at least minimal recognition to religion. from Indochina, in exchange for a corre­ It is very possible, then, that our Supreme sponding series of phased releases of Ameri­ cars and buses, but would do so if given Oourt wlll see fit to reverse its original ruling can prisoners of war, and for the release of their own lane on city streets. Cyclists in the McCollum case which held that it was any American prisoners of war concurrently must be encouraged in their fight for bike unconstitutional to have teachers of various with the withdrawal of all remaining military lanes, and the municipalities of our coun­ religious faiths coming to public school forces of the United States. try must be urged to take the steps neces­ premises to offer instruction to children of Further, it would seek completion of sary to make bicycling more attractive that faith, while excusing all other children. and safe. I hope that this Congress will It is very possible that our Supreme Court withdrawals and prisoner repatriation also do its part in providing funds to help will take a hard look at secularist teaching within the 6-month period immediately being carried on in public schools and rule following adoption of the amendment. the cities through the passage of H.R. that, if the schools cannot teach theistic For our men in the field, in North 9369. religion, neither may they teach non-theistic Vietnamese prisons, their families, and religion to children. It is possible that our Court, looking at strongly revived rellgious this Nation as a whole, 6 months addi­ DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSPORTA­ aspirations of the people, will liberalize its tional hardship is a heavy cross to bear. TION IN THE REGION OF STOCK­ views respecting religious worship and prac­ Bearing that cross, however, would prove HOLM, SWEDEN tices in the public schools, finding ways in easier with a lifting of its heavy burden which, without embarrassing children of a fixed in sight. particular faith or who are non-believers, Therefore, if we must look ahead 6 HON. JAMES G. FULTON other children are given the opportunity to months to see a better day, we neverthe­ OF PENNSYLVANIA enjoy the rights of their religious heritage. It seems to me that, in any sensible and less can start working for that better day IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peaceable society, we should be able to work today. For American prisoners, already Wednesday, September 29, 1971 out compromises which give scope to the confined too long, we must now provide liberty of all parents and children-and by real hopes for their better day tomorrow Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. that I mean the children of believers as well Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ as children of non-believers. marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ "God helps those who help themselves," PEDAL POWER GAINS lowing: said Ben Franklin almost two centuries ago. MOMENTUM LECTURE BY MR. BROR Hn.LBOM, OUTSTANDING If we truly desire a future of peace and TRANPORT AUTHORITY OF SWEDEN, DELIVERED plenty and justice for our people, we who TO THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE believe will work very hard to bring religion HON. EDWARD I. KOCH ON URBAN TRANSPORTATION IN PITTSBURGH. back to our education-and then we will find OF NEW YORK PA., SEPTEMBER 9, 1971 that God will not withhold His Grace from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSPORTATION IN THE us in our effort to do His W111. In conclusion, may I wish you all a blessed Wednesday, September 29, 1971 REGION OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN and a happy Thanksgiving as we thank God At the Third International Conference on for this beloved country of ours and for all Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, in cities all Urban Transportation here in Pittsburgh, al­ the blessings. He has given to each one of over the country, pedal power is gaining most exactly three and a half years ago, I had us. momentum. More and more people are the pleasure to speak about public trans­ taking up bicycling for both daily com­ portation in Stockholm. Some basic condi­ muting and recreational purposes. tions and considerations for the transporta­ tion planning and administration were men­ FULTON BACKS MANSFIELD AMEND­ To encourage bicycling and to make tioned and particularly the subway system MENT; CALLS FOR PRISONER this form of transportation safer, I have was described in some detail. The need of RETURN introduced H.R. 9369, the Bicycle Trans­ close coordination of development and trans­ portation Act of 1971. My bill would allow portation planning was stressed, not least States and communities to use nighway when transportation implies heavy and long HON. RICHARD H. FULTON trust fund moneys for the development of range investments. OF TENNESSEE bicycle lanes and paths. It also provides At that time, in the year 1968, an agree­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment between the City of Stockholm and the that such funds can be used for the con­ County had led to the formation of a local Wednesday, September 29, 1971 struction of bicycle shelters and parking federation for matters concerning the re­ facilities and for bicycle tramc control gion. This federation was primarily respon­ Mr. FULTON of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ devices. sible for the planning, construction and er for more than a decade, America has H.R. 9369 is now cosponsored by 29 operation of public transportation. State be~n involved in an undeclared military Members of the House and 11 Senators. grants covering 95% of the basic structure advising function, turned "policing ac­ The distinguished Senators from Cal­ for subways had been announced, which tion " turned large-scale war in Indo­ ifornia, Mr. CRANSTON and Mr. TUNNEY, means that about 40% of the total costs, in­ chin:a. For as long as 7 years, American were the original Senate sponsors. cluding installations and rolling stock, are soldiers, sailors, and airmen have been based on state grants. I believe that bicycling offers us an im­ This federation was not, however, the final biding their time in North Vietnamese portant transportation resource that object for the administrative efforts to orga­ prisons, awaiting positive action by this must be more fully utilized, particularly nize such matters which could be considered Government for their repatriation. in our metropolitan areas. We have in the as true regional matters, that is to say where These men, more than 300 in number, bicycle a vehicle that emits no pollution, a local municipality or township does not have proven they represent the "Home of makes no noise, takes up little space, and have the general survey or the economic pow­ the Brave." It is now up to us, represent­ ers to realize the matters. Since the first of requires little maintenance. When pro­ January this year the Greater Stockholm atives of their Government, to prove vided with their own bicycle lanes, bi­ County Council has taken over the former they fought for the "Land of the Free." cycles have a very low accident rate; responsiblllties of the earlier federation, that It is up to us to obtain and insure their alternatively, however, bicycling can be is to say public transportation, but has also freedom, to take every step necessary to very dangerous when bikes must com­ added other important activities such as re­ end hostilities and bring our fighting pete in heavy traffic for space on the gional planning, real estate matters, hos· men-all our fighting men-home. road. In New York City several cyclists pitals and medical attendance and some have been recently killed in city tramc. other kinds of social welfare and education. This week, the Senate majority leader, From the point of view of development Mr. MANSFIELD, reintroduced a proposal Safety requires that cyclists be given and transportation it is significant that re­ by way of amendment to H.R. 8687-the their own lane on the road or a special gional planning and transportation are now bike path. In New York City a lot of green both responsibilities of the County Council. military procurement authorizations signs have been put on streets to indicate The general pattern of housing, other de­ bill-which would disengage this Nation recommended places for bicycling-but velopment and transportation is presented from its Indochina military commitment. nothing has been done to separate the by the regional planning office and there­ It would pave the way for return of our cyclists from the cars. My own view is after sent to all concerned municipalities captured American servicemen. It would and other agencies for examination. The idea that this is dangerous tokenism. To en­ is of course that all local general planning seek an immediate cease-fire by all hos­ courage bike riding without providing should conform to the regional plan. The tile parties. It would, in the language the necessary safety precautions is fool­ regional plan recently achieved consists of a of the amendment-- hardy. short range plan, for implementation within September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34093 the next 15 years, and alternative long range to maintain frequent service the committee portation is accomplished. Naturally it is plans for the year 2000, the alternatives p1X>poses certain maximum walking .distances more complicated than some but the princi­ showing a dispersed or a dense development. to stations and bus stops and a minimum ples remain. The implementation in the regional context land use density around these points when comprises rail and road investments and new housing areas are planned. ------housing in all sectors of the area. The County Based on the latter statement the County SUANGNA Vll..LAGE Council has however no economic powers Councils Traffic department scrutinizes in de­ other than for public transportation. Roads tail new town plans made up by the loca.l are either a matter of the state or of the municipalities. The inspection often ends up HON. GLENN M.ANDERSON local municipalities. Road development and in recommendations as to siting of houses, OF CALIFORNIA subway construction are connected through layout of walk-ways, etc. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the state grants, which are available tor This procedure now brings us over to the both means of transportation. The County, question of planning and implementing so Wednesday, September 29, 1971 the municipalities and the state agencies are called satellite cities. First it must be said Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. trying to find joint principles for making that the word "satelllte city" has not been priorities, as the resources, as always, are used in Swedish town planning vocabulary Speaker, the last major Indian village limited. Later in this paper the implemen­ the last twenty years. There is no longer a site still in existence in the Los Angeles tation of so called satellite cities will be dis­ question of developing wholly independent area is located in Carson, Calif., a city cussed but in order to make it clear how this towns but rather to plan for a region with that I am proud to represent. matter fits into the general transportation a common labour market. This is to be made This village site, probably settled planning and operation some words must be Within a pattern of a. controlled spread of around 1400 and known as the Suangna said about the present situation as concerns housing, industries and other working places, Villege-"place of reeds"-may yield sig­ public transportation. where transportation plays a most important, nificant data relating to these Indians' The area covered by the County Councils' if not dominant, role. public transportation network is approxi­ The land use planning and the imple­ life patterns and chronology. Yet, were it mately 85 miles from north to south and 50 mentation of plan is based on a. Building not for public-spirited citizens, this site miles from west to east, the most eastern Act. The main purpose of this Act is to enable may have been in danger of destruction. part consisting of an archipelago with in­ local authorities to decide not only where Michael Myers, a teenage Carson resi­ numerable islands, quite a few sparsely popu­ but also when dense development is to take dent of Indian heritage, envisioned a lated. The population of the entire area is place. It therefore requires each municipality project whereby the village site would be around 1.6 millions (about 2 millions 1985), to start out with a master plan the purposes preserved by designating it as an Indian mostly concentrated in an around the city to which land and building are to be put. historical monument. However, the site of Stockholm, and the region is divided in The master plan shall be preceded by a popu­ 29 communes. A rail commuter system, reach­ lation foreca.st as well as any economic and is located on the property of the Watson ing to points 25 miles from the city centre other specialized surveys as may be necessary. Industrial Center. and a subway network are the backbones of The master plans themselves are in many A meeting was arranged between the system. A variety of bus services, feeder cases, and certainly in the Stockholm area Glenn Irvin of Watson Industrial Prop­ lines, local networks and some express serv­ based on the regional plan. A regional plan erties and young Mike which resulted in ices, serves areas not directly accessible by can be set up whenever two or more munic­ their agreement to participate in the railroad or subway. A passenger boat network ipalities find they must plan jointly in re­ project. All costs generally required for serves the archipelago. The total system is gard to such land uses as transportation and operated under the supervision of the trans­ roads, airports, built-up areas, outdoor rec­ such a monument and appropriate land­ port board and a common fare system is-­ reation areas, water-supply and sewage-dis­ scaping will be paid by the Watson In­ or will shortly be-introduced. From the first posal facilities. dustrial Properties Co. of October this year a flat fare monthly sea­ When land has been acquired, either by After several months of research and son card will be introduced. For a fare of 50 sale or expropriation, it is the responsibility documentation, a report was prepared by swedish crowns (10 dollars) an unlimited of the real estate board of the city to manage Drs. Van D. Eggers and Ken Kuyken­ number of trips per month between any ori­ the land and to initiate the town planning dall-both of the anthropology depart­ gin and destination can be made. process. When a development is to take place ment of California State College at As the amalgamation of earlier private or the real estate board orders a master plan Dominguez Hills-Mrs. W. L. Ford-the stat e owned services has only recently taken to be made by the town planning board, place and, at the same time, principles for which discusses road and transportation South Bay Indian program coordinator­ serving the area has to be worked out in con­ with the authorities concerned. and Michael Myers. nection with the present regional planning Most Of the development in the surround­ Also instrumental in the preparation attempts are being made to formulate ob­ ings of Stockholm has taken place on land of the report were N. Williams, Lee Mc­ jectives and standard criteria to be used in owned by the city. The city has since the Donald, K. Cassidy, and A. Hickman­ the planning process. A special transporta­ beginning of the century-independent of all of the anthropology department at tion standard committee has recently pre­ the actual political majority-had the fore­ California State. This report, designed sented a report on this item. sight to acquire land both inside and out­ to identify the Indian cultural remains There is not suflicient time now to go into side the momentary city boundaries. any detail into the considerations concern­ The process of development to a completed recovered from the village site, and to ing standard criteria. Only a couple of state­ town is managed by the real estate board and briefly describe the basic life patterns of ments may be quoted. As to new technology is financed through loans which the board the Indian inhabitants, was submitted to the committee states that "if the introduc­ requires the city council to put to their dis­ State Senator Joseph Kennick. Senator tion of a new transportation system would posal. Town plans are ordered. When the Kennick has accepted the report for re­ involve an increasing number of transfers feasibility of the plans has been proved the view and eventual submission to the and therefore lower the general service as real estate board orders the construction of State legislature to hopefully receive ap­ compared With an enlargement of the ex­ streets and sewers from the public works de­ proval designating the site as a State isting network the new system must be partment and other necessary facilities from considerably better than the existing one, other boards. historical monument. to warrant the introduction". As to general When all this has been carried out the real Mr. Speaker, the collection of the arti· planning criteria it is stated that "the madn estate board grants the use of the land to facts at the Suangna Village site will purposes of public transportation are to co­ different builders, who builds the houses. A greatly help to increase understanding ordinate the trips of vehicles, so that travel­ principle of the city is to never sell land. and appreciation for the pre-European ling requires less space and economical re­ The land instead is leased, in practice for­ inhabitants of the harbor area. sources and causes less pollution, noise and ever, but with the possibility for the city to Information regarding the Suangna accidents than if trips were made in private change the price at certain intervals. The cars and to offer tmnsport facilities to per­ city thus has a very strong control over the Indians, probably a branch of the Sho­ sons who do not own or drive a oar. Trips development and can dictate such matters shone Indians from the southwestern in unusual combinations and trips with as the distribution of different sizes of homes United States, is virtually nonexistent, much luggage are, however, not suitable for or flats, how and where shops can be intro­ and I salute those who have been instru­ public transport. A balanced transportation duced, etc. The financing of housing 1s in mental in this project, especially Drs. system for both private cars and public Sweden 95 % state loans. Financing of busi­ Eggers and Kuykendall, Mrs. Ford, Mr. transport vehicles will therefore give the in­ ness properties, offices and industries is ac­ Myers, Mr. Irvin, Senator Kennick, and habitants of the region the best service." complished in the usual way through banks The committee further states that "the most and insurance companies. the former mayor of Carson, Gil Smith, important factor is the combination of land I have tried to explain why it is possible who encouraged the participants in their use and the transport network structure". in Sweden to bring about a. planned devel­ project. To get a good accessibility to the services and opment and how, through the town plan­ The designation of the Suangna Vil­ at the same time enough tra.nsport demand ning process, an integration of public trans- lage as a historical monument will be 34094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 another first for the fine city of Carson, But what incentive would Hanoi have to ciency by emphasizing technical assist­ as it will preserve and proclaim the his­ accept that offer? Well, one incentive would ance. These are the "new directions" of be to make sure that the United States did torical contribution of the American· In­ not keep a residual force of troops in South the Peace Corps. dian to our area. Vietnam indefinitely. But the unmistakable The upturn this year in applications urge to be done with the war in this country, and numbers of volunteers placed in the especially in the wake of the South Viet­ field indicates beyond all doubt that the THE RENEWED BOMBING namese election fiasco, almost certainly time for the Peace Corps is not past, as makes the Communists feel that the Presi­ some would have us believe. The num­ HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. dent will have to withdraw all American ber of requests from foreign countries troops, no matter what they do. has risen during the last year because, OF CALIFORNIA Another incentive would be to weaken the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES government of President Thieu by the un­ for the first time, the Peace Corps is offering to provide the skills that are in Wednesday, September 29, 1971 mistakable demonstration that all the Amer­ ican troops and their airborne equipment the greatest demand. Now, there is new Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I com­ were getting out. But in the wake of the emphasis on recruiting the professional mend to my colleagues' attention Joseph election fiasco, President Thieu's support at volunteer, and less on the generalist who Kraft's article yesterday on the political home is so sh-aky, that Hanoi can hardly has few specialized skills and who made ramifications of the renewed bombing feel it has to make concessions to weaken up the majority of the early Peace Corps him. volunteer pool. The goal is to recruit of North Vietnam. It is a perceptive Thus, President Nixon is in danger of analysis which reinforces my view that having the other side turn a deaf ear to more highly skilled people-plumbers, our involvement is not winding down as the big offer projected for mid-November. electricians, gasoline and diesel engine much as we have been told and that the Already the White House is casting about for mechanics, and agronomists. And Ameri­ President intends to continue it. ways to induce the other side to be more cans are responding. The article follows: reasonable-particularly about prisoner re­ Applications from skilled workers are lease. up by 84 percent compared to last year; THE REJ:'l'EWED BOMBING In this connection, the recent bombing is from nurses, up by 80 percent; from ex­ (By Joseph Kraft) particularly significant as a foretaste of perienced farmers, up by 25 percent; The renewed bombing of North Vietnam what might be in store if the Communists from graduate agriculturalists, up by 24 is not merely a military action. It is a politi­ are not more reasonable. Henry Kissinger, cal action that expresses something gone the chief White House aide for foreign policy, percent. Applications from those over 30 awry in the President's plan for Vietnam. recently told a group in New York that the years of age increased by 100 percent. For Mr. Nixon has played virtually all his Nixon administration might have to recon­ In all the 56 countries where it now cards. But Hanoi, as a report from a recent sider its whole Vietnam policy in the next has volunteers, the Peace Corps is mov­ visitor which is here revealed for the first few weeks. And his deputy, Brig. Gen. Alex­ ing rapidly into programs with what has time indicates, is still not disposed to come ander Haig, ha.s been visiting Saigon. come to be called the multiplier effect to terms. Maybe the President will be able to come so that the volunteer can ultimately be The visitor was Prof. George MeT. Kahin, up with some new course of action in Viet­ an expert in Southeast Asian affairs who has nam. But the outlook is doubtful. The prob· replaced by a trained host-country na­ been active for several years in trying to fos­ ab111ty is that between now and the elec­ tional, permitting the Peace Corps to ter a negotiated settlement. Professor Kahin tion next year, the North Vietnamese w111 move on to new, high priority tasks. was in Hanoi for about a weelt in August. He be doing whatever they can to pull the rug The consequences of this change to saw Premier Pharo Van Dong and had two out from under Mr. Nixon. high priority programs and skilled long sessions with Col. Ha Van Lau, a former volunteers have been dramatic. For ex­ delegate to the Paris peace talks who moni­ ample, tremendous needs in the field of tors the negotiations for the premier. TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE agriculture throughout the world have In reporting his conversations, Professor PEACE CORPS Kahin, true to his dovish inclinations, em­ caused the Peace Corps to increase the phasized the flexib1lity of the North Viet­ number of volunteers experienced in namese. But not even his hopes for a settle­ HON. FRANK HORTON agriculture from 308 in 1969 to 769 in ment could obscure Hanoi's extremely tough OF NEW YORK 1971. By the fall of this year, there will stance on two central matters. be more than 2,000 volunteers working First there is the basic outlook of the North IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in · agricultural training and develop­ Vietnamese regime. Premier Pharo Van Dong Tuesday, September 28, 1971 made it plain that the elaborate suspicions ment in countries where hunger is a of the past, and the disposition to leave noth­ Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ fact of life for millions. More than 600 ing to the free play of events are as intense tember 22d of this year, the Peace Corps of them will be participating in the as ever. celebrated the lOth anniversary of its "green revolution" spreading knowlege If anything, they have been heightened by inception under President Kennedy. I am in food-deficient nations of the cultiva­ President Nixon's projected trip to Peking. particularly pleased that the Corps can tion of miracle wheat and rice. Pharo Van Dong said of the trip that it not only look back on a decade of ex­ It is seldom that a Federal agency can showed Mr. Nixon did not understand the Vietnam problem-"not even the elementary traordinary accomplishment, but can demonstrate such increased effective­ historical or geographical factors." also look ahead to a revitalization andre­ ness for less money, but the Peace Corps Then there is the matter of relations be­ direction of its efforts. has done just that. Administrative ex­ tween the first two points in the seven-point Surveys show that the American peo­ penses in the Peace Corps have been program presented by the Communists at ple believe the Peace Co·rps is the best pared to the bone, cutting the size of the the Paris peace talks on July 1. There had investment of their money overseas. I be­ permanent staff by 29 percent. been unmistakable hints that Hanoi would lieve that they are correct in this judg­ As a result of these savings, the Direc­ separate the first point which proposed the return of American prisoners in return for ment. tor submitted to the Congress a budget the withdrawal of all American forces from Peace Corps volunteers have had to request some $16 million lower than last the second point demanding the overthrow adapt to the local cui ture and modest year's request. With these reduced funds, of the government of South Vietnamese living habits of the host countries. This the Peace Corps would nevertheless sup­ President Nguyen Van Thieu. is the heart of the Peace Corps because port 8,320 volunteers and trainees and But Col. Ha Van Lau shattered any hopes volunteers must live with local citizens place 5,800 new volunteers into training, on that score. He told Kahin: "The essential and speak their language in order to help an increase of 1,000 over current trainee part of Point Two that must be agreed upon levels. and carried out in order to make agreements them. This people-to-people approach reached on Point One operative is only the has made the Peace Corps volunteers the I believe that the times are on the side first paragraph-tbat providing for the re­ best, and best-liked unofficial ambassa­ of the Peace Corps. It has an exciting moval of Nguyen Van Thieu's leadership." dors our Nation has ever sent abroad. future. Under a newly developed athletic The significance of these comments is made Throughout its existe-nce, the Peace and physical education program, Ameri­ clear by a glance at the cards the President Corps has been a channel for the ideal­ can coaches, athletes and physical edu­ has to play when he makes his next big ism of American youth, an unparalleled cation majors are being recruited for announcement on troop withdrawal in mid­ opportunity for selfless service to hu­ worldwide service to strengthen instruc­ November. At best Mr. Nixon can offer to take out all American troops and end all manity. Under the leadership of Presi­ tion, techniques and fundamentals of American air action over Vietnam by a fixed dent Nixon and Director Joseph Blatch­ various sports competitions. Teaching the date in exchange for the return of American ford, the Peace Corps has matured into value of teamwork, top performance and prisoners. an organization with the accent on e:ffi- fair play will, in the true Olympic spirit, September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34095 go a long way in intermingling peoples about this process ls that the scientist ls in spa.ce. Some of this knowledge, as we have of the world in friendship. labeled "impractical" because he deals in just begun to learn, has great significance theories and squiggly mathematical symbols. to man, to Earth environment, and to the Similarly, work on environmental mat­ We face a militant, highly emotional, even ecology. We are learning of the relationships ters, in cooperation with the Smithsonian fanatical segment of the population which between Earth and Sun and their effects on Institution, and a program in national has seized upon a valid and good cause, but our lives which could be learned in no other park development and management with which will accept no facts, no reasoning that way save by means of the rocket and space­ the National Park Service will foster an run counter to its own flxed ideology. The craft. Nor does Mumford make an allowance awareness in host countries of the harm anti-science/technology people are demand­ for man's need to extend hls intellectual that inevitably results from reckless ex­ ing that we pull the plug on modern civiliza· horizons by physically exploring new worlds, ploitation and plunder of a nation's nat­ tion in the belief that somehow we shall all no matter how barren and unfit for organic be better off in a more primitive state. life, such as the Moon may be today. ural resources. However, in primitive times, the major This kind of knowledge and intellectual Mr. Speaker, Peace Corps volunteers question for mankind was physical survival. broadening apparently is of little or no value have scored spectacular successes around It ls not hard to guess the predictable fate in the eyes of social philosophers and his­ the world. They have saved rice crops of hundreds of milllons of people who de­ torians preoccupied with man in the micro­ from unseasonable floods. They have pend upon modern technology for the neces­ cosm. They have not yet learned to visuallze updated local technologies in such crafts sities of life. We have only to consider for a mankind extending into the macrocosm, or as bricklaying and bamboo construction. moment what we would do without elec­ for the spiritual need to do so. The desire tricity, permanently. Even the famous nat­ to know is more powerful than they may sup­ They have organized turgeoning basic uralist, Konrad Lorenz, has been warning pose. Pragmatism is a valuable, stabilizing food industries. student audiences that if they destroy our human characteristic; but without imagina­ By providing a source of technical store of knowledge to make a "fresh" start, tion we would not be human, and as long assistance as well as men and women of they will fall back not a few centuries, but as man exercises this precious faculty, he goodwill to the people of developing na­ several hundred thousand years. "If you will not long be imprisoned in the succes­ tions, the Peace Corps has been an in­ make a clean sweep of things," he observes, sive shells the pragmatists try to enclose spiration to the world. The high road of "you won't go back to the Stone Age, be­ him. "new directions" onto which the Peace cause you are already there, but to well Those who look upon science and technol­ before the Stone Age." ogy as a megamachine that dominates their Corps has moved will most certainly in­ But it isn't the young people, the stu­ lives and holds them in thrall to a strictly sure the continuation of this inspiration. dents, who are really to blame for this atti­ programmed existence have their own spe­ To Americans and the peoples of each tude of hostillty to science and technology. cial nang-ups. There ls another view, and it host country involved, this is the im­ They are simply misguided by certain social was expressed by Glenn Seaborg: mense value of the Peace Corps. philosophers, cultural historians, and the "The difference is ... a positive outlook, like, whose teachings and published works some imagination, and the desire to put provide only a very lopsided view of sci­ science and technology to work more crea­ ence and technology pictured as causing the tively." A POSITIVE OUTLOOK downfall of man. When you teach impressionable and ideal­ istic youth that the rational, logical, puri­ THE SHARPSTOWN FOLLIES-XLII HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE tanical work approach to life is bankrupt, OF TEXAS and that technology serves only to erode the quality of life, you are bound to ring respon­ HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sive bells in many minds of a generation that Wednesday, September 29, 1971 has never known the deprivation, the want, OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, and the poverty of some older generations. When a historian and phllosopher of Lewis Wednesday, September 29, 1971 the July issue of Aerospace contains an Mumford's stature inveighs angrily and bril­ incisive article by Dr. Wernher von liantly against the "megamachine" of sci­ Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, at long Braun, Deputy Associate Administrator ence and technology, and declares there can last the Federal grand jury in Houston of NASA. Dr. von Braun discusses in his be no reform until the present "megatechni­ has made a report. Now we are seeing brief article the importance of science cal wasteland" is destroyed, a revolutionary the product of the monumental labors spirit ls fanned among the young. The nat­ and technology to our survival and o~ ural flres of rebellion we have all felt against the Department of Justice. Now we are growth as a nation. Because of the im­ "the system" or the "establishment" are to see the results of the invaluable testi­ portance of this subject in a period of now stoked by an eminent and respected mony of Frank Sharp, the big crook who declining Federal support for science and "authority.... " got immunity. technology I commend this article to my It seems strange that America is about the But what is this? The report of the colleagues' reading: only nation in the world where technology grand jury produces indictments against SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: "A POSITIVE OUT­ and science are held in such low repute. All a couple of minor Sharp bank officials, LOOK" the so-called "have-not" countries in Africa and a few bank examiners, and one real and Asia are straining their limited resources (By Dr. Wernher von Braun) to gain what some of our students seem bent estate investor. There is no mention of There is a chronic misunderstandlng about on destroying. The older European countries the grand marshals and panjandrums of science and technology on the public's part would give their eye-teeth to have our tech­ the Sharp empire, no mention of the fab­ that I am afraid ls growing, but which isn't nological capabilities. The Soviets are espe­ ulous and complex schemes of Sharp and altogether the public's fault. This concerns cially envious, and frequently announce they his pals. The Sharpstown gang has dis­ the role that science and technology play in will surpass the United States in production appeared. the development of society and the economy. or some other field of technology. So far they The mountain has labored, and There ls, unfortunately, no visible link be­ have failed to do so.... brought forth not even a little fish, but tween scientific discovery about natural phe­ The anti-science and anti-technology nomena on the Moon, for example, and our voices making blanket attacks on science just a few little mice. The Department everyday lives here on Earth. Yet, there ar~ and technology in the name of conservation, of Justice let the l:iggest fish in the Sharp concepts and knowledge coming out of the a clean environment, or improving the qual­ empire get clean away, and for what? Apollo explorations, and experiments with ity of human life, are doing the nation and Well, maybe the grand jury has not the rocks and dust brought back from the all of us a great disservice. The problems finished its work. Maybe not. But so far. Moon, that offer the potential of improving they are rightly anxious and concerned about all I know is that Frank Sharp and all agriculture and the treatment of disease, and cannot be solved by a return-to-nature cult. the other big fish in his empire have as we learn more about interior of heavenly That course leads only to disaster for multi­ bodies may even help us in locating mineral tudes of people. gotten clean away with a multimillion resources here on Earth or predlct earth­ Closely related to the general attacks on dollar swindle, courtesy of the U.S. De­ quakes. science and technology is the denigration of partment of Justice. Most concepts and scientific knowledge the space program among some persons. Yet the Department announces these take years from the time a scientist formu­ Mumford describes the space rocket as "the little indictments as if they were a great lates them and they enter the technology most futile in tangible and beneficial human event. The Attorney General himself until some no-nonsense pragmatist comes results," and sees only that while man is along and turns the idea or knowledge into indeed conquering space, the "megamachine" made the announcement. I wonder why a product and a :flock of new jobs. By that is carrying further its conquest of man. he did not announce the decision to grant time, everyone has forgotten, 1f he knew at Surprisingly--or perhaps, not so surpris­ immunity to Frank Sharp? That was a all, that it was the scientist who started it ingly-Mumford ignores the apparently lim­ proud accomplishment. It is not very in the first place. The interesting thing itless resources of knowledge that await man often that you see the Department of 34096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 Justice trading off the biggest crook of roll all of Pembroke. Maternal grandparents, The ruling late yesterday by U.S. District all, the biggest fish in the net, for a few Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Moody of Pembroke. Court Judge Gerhard Gesell ends a two-year Funeral services are incomplete Harpers Fu­ battle by the Vietnam Veteran's Against the fingerlings. neral Home of Claxton was in charge. War to obtain the lists. The group, which claims a membership of 15,000 with organi­ zations in every state, says it will use the LOVE THY NEIGHBOR information to solicit for anti-war causes. JUDICIAL INVASION OF PRIVACY­ HON. G. ELLIOTT HAGAN A THREAT TO THE BILL OF "INVASION OF PRIVACY" RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL LIB­ The VA had contended in court that turn­ OF GEORGIA ERTY ing over the names would constitute a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy," which is specifically exempted Wednesday, September 29, 1971 HON. JOHN R. RARICK under the Freedom of Information Act. Mr. HAGAN. Mr. Speaker, at this time The anti-war veterans argued that the VA OF LOUISIANA is turning over such lists to other veteran when we are reading and hearing so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES groups that are sympathetic to the war such much about racial problems with very as the American Legion and the Veterans of little on the good side, I want to share Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Foreign Wars. a news story from my district in Geor­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Federal Originally, the anti-war veterans asked gia. Although tragic, it exemplifies the judges continue to support every move the Department of Defense for the n ames but true spirit of brotherhood. "Love thy that threatens to destroy the right of were told in a letter that it was not govern­ neighbor" would be an appropriate ment policy to give out such lists because ot privacy-the primary basis of individual possible "harassment" to the ex-servicemen. heading. freedom. The letter also said the lists are not main­ I ask that my colleagues share this The latest experience in raw judicial tained as such, and to compile them would with their friends and associates. The power flouting the Bill of Rights occurred cost some $1.3 million. story speaks for itself except for two im­ in a decision recently handed down in In addition, the government filed with the portant details, James "Jerry'' Bacon of Federal district court here in Washing­ court a letter from Sen. Sam Ervin, D-N.C., Pembroke, Ga., was a young white man ton. Judge Gerhard Gesell "ruled that who said that the turning over of names o1 and Eugene Carroll, also of Pembroke, the equal protection clause, coupled with ex-servicemen to anti-war groups was not was a young Negro. what Congress intended when it passed the the Freedom of Information Act as inter­ Freedom of Information Act. The act origi­ Here is the story: preted by the court of appeals, clearly nated in Ervin's subcommittee on Constitu­ CANOOCHEE RIVER CLAIMS LIFE OF Two requires that the VA make the names­ tional Rights. James J. Bacon, 21 drowned Monday after- of ex -servicemen who served in Viet­ "INTENT OF CONGRESS" noon, while attempting to save the llfe of nam-available to the antiwar grouP­ When the case came to trial in January, James J. Carroll, 18, both of Pembroke. Vietnam Veterans Against the War." Gesell dismissed the suit against the Defense The accident occurred about 4 p.m. Mon­ This decision is but another classic ex­ Department, ruling that "It was apparent­ day in the Canoochee River at the Bryan­ ample of the officious intermeddling into ly not the intent of Congress to include the Evans County Line on U.S. Highway 280 the life and thought of every American type of recoll'd sought (the names) under the when Carroll attempted to swim across the citizen. Gesell's decision was based on Freedom of Information Act." river with thrP.e other boys, authorities said. But he allowed the anti-war group to sue Carroll, according to officials, was in U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Judge J. Skelly Wright's opinion that "names the VA on the st rength of evidence that it t,rouble about mid-stream and called for help. was giving names to some veterans organiza­ About that time, Bacon and his brother-in­ and addresses do not reveal anything tions but not others-a possible violation of law had just arrived at the scene to go fish­ about an individual that is embarrassing the constitution's guarantee of equal pro­ ing and was unloading a boat, heard erie~ and are not an invasion of privacy." tection under law. for help and Bacon dove into the water to Names and addresses may not be in Meanwhile, the Court of Appeals handed help the youth, authorities said. Bacon themselves embarrassing or an invasion down its ruling-in an unrelated case­ ·reached Carroll and started back to shore of privacy; however, to force a Govern­ names and addresses are not exempted from with Carroll's cousin Borgan Carroll, Jr. help­ the act. Although a dissenting opinion by ing in the rescue. The authorities said the ment agency to reveal names and ad­ dresses to any organization on demand Judge Goorge MacKinnon warned that the cousin "came down with cramps" and was result could produce "turmoil and disorder" forced to leave Bacon by himself to aid is to throw these individuals open to all in the government, the majority opinion Carroll. forms of harassment and various forms written by Judge J. Skelly Wright, held that Before Bacon could reach the bank, he and types of mail advertising regardless names and addresses do not reveal anything "went under the water" with Carroll. Their of content or intent. Next will come open­ about an individual that is embarrassing and bodies were found about an hour and a half are not an invasion of privacy. later. ing these lists to any and all direct mail­ Aiding in the search were the Bryan and ers. Social security lists may prove most NEW RULING SOUGHT Evans Counties Rescue Units, members of productive. Armed with the Court of Appeals ruling, the State Game and Fish Commissions and The only reasonable conclusion is that the anti-war group then asked Gesell to local citizens. future political-judicial decisions will reconsider the ruling he made in dismissing Bacon is survived by his parents, Mr. and force American citizens to accept and the case against the Defense Department. Mrs. Rufus Bacon of Pembroke, two brothers; entertain these groups and their ideas in The government, however, filed a brief on Rufus Ed Bacon and Jimmy Bacon both of behalf of VA which continued to support the Pembroke; six sisters, Mrs. Euna Mae Jones their homes. "harrassment" theory advanced origina lly by of Augusta; Mrs. Velvie Jean Lee of Garden Recent court decisions such as these the Department of Defense. City; Mrs. Joyce Kirkland, Lyons; Mrs. can only destroy the American home as "Considering the group of ex-servicemen Audrey Lapp, St. Petersburg, Fla., Mrs. Bar­ they invade individual privacy. making the request, compelled release of bara Brown, Kenton, Ohio and Mrs. Linda I insert in the RECORD a related news (the names) would evoke a multitude of Handsford of Pembroke. article detailing Government enforced interferences with the private lives of all Funeral services for Bacon were held Wed­ invasion of privacy: veterans," the government said. nesday at 3 o'clock at the Pembroke Christian [From the Washington Evening Star, The reason the VA turns over the names Church with the Rev. Gordon Hunter offi­ Sept. 29, 1971] to other veteran groups such as the Ameri­ ciating. can Legion and VFW, the government said, Active pallbearers were Harold Bacon, COURT TELLS VA To GIVE NAMES OF is that those organizations "can be of help Donald Bacon, Stanley Bacon, Russell Bacon, VETERANS TO DOVE GROUP in counselling, encouraging and assisting Carlos Bacon and Randy Fountain. Inter­ (By Winston Groom) veterans in obtaining benefits." ment in Groveland Cemetery. Morrison Fu­ A federal judge here has ruled that the Gesell, however, ruled that the equal pro­ neral Home was in charge. Veterans Administration must turn over to tection clause, coupled with the Freedom of Carroll was survived by his parents Mr. an anti-war veterans group any lists it has Information Act as interpreted by the court and Mrs. Arnie Devotie Carroll Sr.; five of names and addresses of ex-servicemen who of appeals, clearly requires tha.t the VA make brothers R. A. Carrol Jr., Larry James Car­ served in Vietnam. the names available to the anti-war group. roll, W1llie Carroll, Robert Carroll all of The ruling is the first application here The only remaining issue in the case is a Pemboke and James Carroll of Miami, Fla. which held that government agencies can be determination of whether the VA actually Four sisters Mrs. Louise Clark, Misses Eula compelled to supply, on request, lists of breaks down the names of ex-servicemen by Faye Carroll, Yevonne Carroll, Beatrice Car- names and addresses they have on file. the area in which they served. September 29, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34097 COMMON MARKET CREATES Community has negotiated with 27 other ential levies anct special associ81te arrange­ THREAT nations, mainly Mediterranean countries and ments. The United Kingdom's impending ad­ former French colond.es. mission to the Community will be a much Stated another way, the United States is greater long-range threat in some ways. HON. VICTOR V. VEYSEY upset and disturbd by the Community's com­ The British at present purchase $400 mil­ OF CALIFORNIA mon external tariff, common agricultural lion to $500 million in U.S. agricultural policy and the technical assistance and trade products annually. Once they are in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preferences granted selected other nations. Community, sealed off by its common pro­ Wednesday, September 29, 1971 The seriousness of this sd.tuation was tective trade walls, the French will be able pointed out last December by Dr. Harold B. to ship grain to Britain under preferential Mr. VEYSEY. Mr. Speaker, many of Malmgren, former No. 2 U.S. trade negoti­ conditions and the British in turn will be our European allies in their capacities ator. He warned in a study financed by the stimulated by the higher protected grain as International Monetary Fund mem­ Atlantic Council that there was a danger prices within the Community to greater grain bers have recently expressed their disap­ of an upcoming U.S. trade war with Western production of their own. proval of President Nixon's temporary Europe because of its preferential arrange­ This is not to say that the United States ments and tariff barriers. will be frozen out of the Market entirely, 10-percent import surcharge and other Theodore Geiger, chief of international but as long as the variable levies apply it will measures designed to stanch our balance­ studies of the National Planning Association, be able to compete only in those areas where of-payments hemorrhage. Indeed, the also warned in January: the Community is deficient--particularly in Minister of Economics and Finance of "North Americans are already tending to wheat with a higher protein content and in one country has warned us that we may regard the EEC as a growing preferential ollseeds used as fodder also for their high suffer retaliation if we maintain policies trade bloc which threatens not only their protein value. that he regards as "rigid." own trade, but that of developing countries Without the protective devices, the United Yet those same allies in their capaci­ in Latin America and Asia... " States believes there could be a much larger, Statistics tell the story of what happened more rapid and mutually advantageous ties as members of the European common after the $1.564 billion peak in U.S. fa.rm growth in trade with the new and emerging Market have followed a policy of variable sales to the EEC was reached in 1966. Im­ Europe. tariffs on agricultural imports over the position of the variable levy assessments and past 5 years that pegs our chief farm the cumulative impact of the growing num­ commodities 10 percent higher than ber of special EEC trade arrangements with THE CAUSE OF BIOMEDICAl. those produced in Europe or in 27 other other countries produceed these results: RESEARCH nations selected by the EEC for prefer­ In 1967, total U.S. farm sales to the EEC ential treatment. Particularly hurt have dropped to $1.469 billion; in 1968 to 1.367 been U.S. exports of feed grains, dairy billion and in 1969 to $1.268 billion. HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER The jump in 1970 back up to 1.558 billion­ OF MASSACHUSETTS products, wheat, flour, poultry and eggs, just short of the 1966 record-is considered citrus fruits, cotton, vegetables, and vege­ temporary for reasons far more fundamental IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES table oilseeds. than one year of bad crops in Western Wednesday, September 29, 1971 The impact of these Common Market Europe. variable tariff levies on our agricultural An examination of the impact of the vari­ Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. exports was concisely covered in an able levies shows exports of the U.S. crops Speaker, in a timely and wide-reaching article by James Cary of Copley News involved were hit hard. They dropped from series of proposals, the ad hoc committe $641,199,000 in 1966 to $339,568,000 in 1969- of the Council of Academic Societies of Service, which appeared in the Septem­ almost 50 per cent--before the 1970 increase ber 14 issue of Atlantic Standard. I com­ the Association of American Medical to $453,718,000 was caused by the same forces Colleges has addressed itself to the mend it to the attention of all Members, that sent other U.S. agricUitural sales up especially those whose districts have been that year. urgency of our national need for deep­ adversely affected by EEC's protective The downward drift is now expected to be ened support and increased Federal tariff walls: resumed. funding for biomedical research. COMMON MARKET CREATES THREATS Equally irritating to the United States are An examination and review of the the EEC's special trade arrangements with truly fine research programs initiated by (By James Cary) 18 African states, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, the National Institutes of Health reflects WASHINGTON.-The massive outline of a Tunisia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Spain and the value of funds allocated thus far in united western Europe, now emerging across Israel. the Atlantic, is being viewed in some quar­ These agreements, providing favored tariff support of biomedical research. ters here as a trade fortress surrounded by treatment not accorded the United States, The National Eye Institute is deeply walls to keep out U.S. farm products. have particularly hurt U.S. exports of fruits immersed in studies to accomplish new Now that the United Kingdom appears on and vegetables, tobacco and vegetable oil­ methods of care in treatment of develop­ the threshold of membership in the European seeds. mental abnormalities of the eye and Economic Community (EEC)-with Norway, Of $9 billion in agricultural products the congenital defects of the retina and Ireland and Denmark presumably not far be­ EEC buys annually outside the Community, visual system. hind-that view of Europe is about to be an estimated $2 billion comes from the na­ The National Heart and Lung Institute tested. tions granted associate EEC status. And of For the impending expansion of the Com­ the $2 billion, an estimated $750 million is is carrying out programs of research to mon Market from six to 10 nations carries represented by products in which the United uncover new cures and more effective with it new serious threats and challenges to States is highly competitive. means of treatment for diseases of the the already troubled picture of U.S. agricul­ The Oommunity, in an effort to relieve heart, lungs, and circulation. A highly tural exports to the EEC. They peaked at part of the tension with the United States, innovative myocardial infarction pro­ $1.564 billion in 1966 and have been skidding on June 10 reduced its import levies on gram is undertaking research on factors ever since--with one exception. American oranges from 15 to 8 per cent. In 1970, a sharp drop in European grain Nathaniel Samuels, U.S. deputy undersecre­ that become operative in the sudden production and U.S. longshoreman strikes in tary of state, promptly stated this "fell far death which befalls thousands of heart the United Sta.tes sent the export total tem­ short" of American wishes. attack victims before the opportunity of porarily back up to $1.558 billion. The United States wants "most favored medical aid becomes available to them. But experts in the U.S. Department of Agri­ nation" tariff treatment and charges that The National Institute of Allergy and culture report the trend at this time is any other type arrangement is in violation Infectious Diseases is furthering basic down-unless a whole series of European of the General Agreement on Tariffs and research to enrich the quality of national protective devices can be eased or eliminated. Trade (GATT). The biggest problem is with EEC variable The EEC in turn says the preferences it health care through development of levy tariffs on commodities the United States grants the 27 associate nations are author­ virus reference reagents and allergens. produces more efficiently. The Community ized by GATT's Article 24, under which free The National Institute of Environ­ wants to expand its own production in these trade areas or customs unions may be :formed mental Health Sciences is making en­ commodities, mainly feed grains, dairy prod­ as an exception to the most favored nation couraging progress in its research efforts ucts, wheat, flour, poultry and eggs. principle. to render identifiable the adverse chemi- And to do so it 1s levying duties high The issue is whether these EEC associates cal and biological agents in the environ­ enough to keep the U.S. products covered actually represent free trade areas. Many by the assessments pegged about 10 percent GATT members agree with the United States ment that may have a harmful effect. higher than those domestica.Ily produced. that they do not. Another component of this much-needed Equally irksome to U.S. exporters is a series The potential damage to U.S. farm exports program is working in the· area of re­ of preferential trading arrangements the to Europe, .however, is not limited to prefer- search into the causes fl.nd potential cures 34098 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 29, 1971 for isolated communities with notable development at educational institutions and goals, the Implications, and the costs of medi­ morbidity and mortality indexes. that its parent agency, the Department of cal science. Health, Education, and Welfare, accounts for 14. That a major effort be made to improve These, and many other similarly com­ over half of all federal aid to academic the general public's and their leaders' under­ pelling and worthwhile research pro­ science. standing of biomedical research through de­ grams, constitute an immeasurable 7. That the Association of American Med­ velopment of a communications system which reservoir of hope and progress in the ical Colleges engage actively in shaping na­ would in turn be part of a broader network struggle against the invisible and un­ tional biomedical research policy, particu­ linking all persons and orga.n.i.zations con­ known germs and illnesses which remain larly in respect to the important role of NIH cerned with matters of health. in science support. to yet be eradicated. That the federal government has become It is a pleasure for me to endorse the the main source of funds for biomedical recommendations of the Association of research, providing nearly two dollars for American Medical Colleges presented in each one from the nonfederal sector. In AMERICAN INDIAN DAY the report, ''A Policy for Biomedical addition, its programs support research Research" of its ad hoc committee. training, fac11ities, special resources, and the HON. SAM STEIGER The summary of conclusions and rec­ institutions themselves. 8. That the bodies of the executive and OF ARIZONA ommendations follow: legislative branches of the government con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUMMARY OF CoNCLUSIONS AND cerned with the making of science policy be RECOMMENDATIONS urgert to continue federal appropriations for Wednesday, September 29, 1971 Conclusion: That biomedical research has biomedical research as vital to the national Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, contrlbwted in substantial ways to longer health effort and in the public interest. Commissioner of Indian Affairs Louis R. life and better health for all Americans. That the rate of increase in biomedical Bruce, a member of the Oglala Sioux Impressive progress continues to be made research support has not kept pace with against the formidable health problems re­ that of the gross national product, the fed­ and Mohawk Indian Tribes, announced maining. Nevertheless, biomedical research eral budget, or national health care. Recent last Friday that September 24 is "Ameri­ is under attack, sharing with all science increases have been more than offset by ris­ can Indian Day." much of the blame for problem-causing tech­ ing costs so that the trend in constant dollars He pointed out that special pow-wows nologies and for failure to cure social ills. is level or downward. Meanwhile, the phas­ are being held throughout Indian coun­ 1. Recommendation: That the nation adopt ing out of research construction and the reduction of training programs bode ill for try to mark the day and that special a policy of supporting more, rather than the future. notice is being taken of the "First Ameri­ less, biomedical research, in full recogni­ 9. That the national policy for biomedical cans" in both Indian and non-Indian tion of the fact that no other course can research assure support at levels sufficient schools nationwide. Bruce himself ap­ offer hope for ultimate solutions to health to engage all well-qualified brainpower and peared on NBC's "Today" show and problems. that consideration be given to expansion at That the public supports science as a talked on the Indian people and the a rate determined by widening research .op­ progress being made in programs for means to an end, not as an end in itself. portunities. But applied research leading to practical re­ That a high proportion of graduate train­ their betterment. The Bureau of Indian sults, it should be made clear, can go only ees in medical schools (about 60 percent) Affairs supports legislation to make so far without new knowledge from basic would be unable to continue their extra American Indian Day a national legal research and will falter 1f it exceeds !Its training, vital to research and teaching, 1f holiday. science base. their stipends were changed to loans, as Said he- 2. That the public be made aware of the contemplated by the Office of Management payoffs from basic research through cost­ and Budget. There is a quickening sense of awareness benefit analyses in which life-saving results 10. That the Administration and the Con­ of their own identity among Indian people, are traced to their origins. gress be urged to continue federal programs and a determination to make a relevant con­ That biomedical research and medical edu­ providing fellowships and other stipends for tribution to American life. cation are mutually dependent and mutually advance training in the health sciences and Although "American Indian Day" has beneficial. clinical specialties. been a day observed by many for anum­ 3. That medical schools and their affiliated That various means of support for biomedi­ hospitals continue to be the principal sites cal research, ranging from the individual ber of years, it is not now a legal holiday. of biomedical research effort in this coun­ project grant or collltra.ct to the program­ Legislation is now before the Congress try, thus enhancing the training of physi­ project and institutional grant, have their to "designate the fourth Friday in Sep­ cians and other health workers, the care of place in meeting program objectives of both tember as American Indian Day" or patients, and the research itself. supporting agencies and performing institu­ "authorizing the President to proclaim That the President's Task Force on Sci­ tions. the last Friday in September as Ameri­ ence Polley is commendable for its emphasis 11. That the individual project grant, can Indian Day." on the importance of scientific leadership to awarded through peer review, continue to be One of the first proponents of an the achievement of national goals (2). the primary instrument of biomedical re­ 4. That the President, in the spirllt of his search support. An expanded system of pro­ American Indian Day was Dr. Arthur C. Task Force's recommendations in support of gram-project support should be addressed to Parker, a Seneca, who was the director science, endorse an unequivocal statement of problems of high relevance. of the Museum of Arts and Sciences in the federal commitment to biomedical re­ That the biomedical research to be sup­ Rochester, N.Y. The Boy Scouts of search. ported is of two main types-basic and ap­ America were the first to set aside such That the environments in which produc­ plied. No fixed ratios can be stipulated, but a day. tive research can be conducted vary grea.tly allocations s_hould be based on research op­ In 1915, the annual Congress of the and that the deployment of efforts should be portunity and on national priorities among guided by the principle of maximum yield health problems. American Indian Association held at for funds invested. 12. That new ways be sought to meet the Lawrence, Kans., formally approved the o. That maximum productivity be sought various needs of biomedical research and idea of an "American Indian Day." Its through encouragement of the creative mind trainlng, including considemtion of a de­ president, the Reverend Sherman Cool­ and of creative interaction, to be achieved partment of health or a department of sci­ idge, an Arapahoe, issued a proclama­ through freedom of choice in careers and ence and education. Peer review is strongly tion September 28, 1915, declaring the residence. endorsed, but the review mechanism should second Saturday of each May an Ameri­ That the President's Task Force, in extoll­ be streamlined. can Indian Day. Coolidge made the first ing the free enterprise system as a science re­ That important tasks and questions face source, !ailed to give due credit to non­ the AAMC and the CAS. These include deter­ formal appeal for citizenship for Indians profit institutions for the conduct and sup­ mination of support levels for the next decade in this proclamation. port of life-saving discoveries. according to the recommended principle of The year before this proclamation was 6. That national science policy take full full utillzation of brainpower. issued, Red Fox James, a Blackfoot, rode cognizance o! the productive relationship o! 13. That the AAMC and the CAS undertake from State to State on his horse seeking the federal government and academic and or sponsor studies to demonstrate the con­ approval for a celebration of a. day in that ways to improve this relationship be ex­ tributions of basic research, to delineate areas honor of Indians. He later presented the plored. Considerations should be given to in wh.i.ch target research under contract endorsements of 24 State Governors at the potentialities of the university consor­ would be productive, and to improve hea.lth­ tium--of voluntary cooperative efforts to care delivery. the White House December 14, 1915. solve a given problem in multiple settings That the implementation of biomedical re­ The first American Indian Day was through shared awards. search policy requires effective communica­ observed on the second Saturday in May That the National Institutes of Health is tion at all levels. There is particular need for when the Governor of New York fixed the main federal supporter of research and more pubUc information on the nature, the that day for a State observance.