A Sexual Deviation Analysis of Ennis Del Mar's Characterizations On

A SEXUAL DEVIATION ANALYSIS OF ENNIS DEL MAR’S CHARACTERIZATIONS ON “BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN” MOVIE

Aby Makruf 204026002761

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2009

1 A SEXUAL DEVIATION ANALYSIS OF ENNIS DEL MAR’S CHARACTERIZATIONS ON “BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN” MOVIE

A thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities faculty In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirement for Strata One Degree (S1)

Aby Makruf 204026002761

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2009

2 ABSTRACT

Aby Makruf, “A Sexual Deviation Analysis of Ennis Del Mar’s Characterizations on Brokeback Mountain Movie”. Skripsi. Jakarta: Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta 2009.

The research Ennis Del Mar’s sexual deviation (homosexual and bisexual) and how their effects influence his-own life. The paper looks at two problems: How are the characterizations of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain movie? And how does Ennis Del Mar’s sexual deviation influences his family life? The research intended to describe Ennis Del Mar’s as the main character in the movie and reveal his homosexuality and bisexuality as the shape of his sexual deviation which influence his family life. This movie is analyzed carefully and accurately using the theory of sexual deviation as the part of abnormal psychology. The data on this research are got from the unit of analysis, the sources, and the analysis from the writer.

As it is fulfilled, the writer finds out that Ennis Del Mar becomes gay because of learning factor after having one community with his partner, Jack. That’s why he becomes passive homosexual. His sexual deviation leads him to be who the real of Ennis Del Mar.

His homosexual relationship leads Ennis’ marriage life into the divorce, after rebuilds the abnormal relationship, for Ennis, Jack is everything and Ennis does not care about his family again. The divorce happens because Alma knows Ennis’ homosexual relationship with Jack Twist

3 APPROVEMENT

A SEXUAL DEVIATION ANALYSIS OF ENNIS DEL MAR’S CHARACTERIZATIONS ON “BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN” MOVIE

A Thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Strata One Degree (S1)

By: Aby Makruf 204026002761

Approved By:

Advisor,

Moh Supardi, S.S.

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2009 LEGALIZATION

4 A thesis entitled “A Sexual Deviation analysis of Ennis Del Mar’s

Characterizations on Brokeback Mountain Movie” has been defended before the

Letters and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on May 12, 2009. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Strata One Degree (S1).

Jakarta, May 12 2009

Examination Committee

Chair Person, Secretary,

Dr. H. M. Farkhan, M.Pd. Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.Pd. NIP. 150299480 NIP. 150261902

Members:

Examiner I Examiner II

Drs. A. Saefuddin, M. Pd Dr. Frans Sayogie, SH, M.Pd NIP. 150261902 NIP. 150299481

DECLARATION

5 I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the next.

Jakarta, May 12, 2009

Aby Makruf

6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the name of Allah, The most gracious, The most merciful.

First of all, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT for all favor and guidance. All praises belong to Him, the creator of the living things for being nothing to existence. May solution and benediction be upon the noblest of the prophet and messenger, Muhammad SAW, His relatives and His followers.

On this occasion, the writer would like to dedicate this research to his beloved parents: Syamsudin and Emie, in appreciation for their love, financial support, prayers, hope and all contribution he need to finish his study. The writer also would like to thank his brothers and sisters, especially Ahmad Kahfi for supports him in finance and attention during finishing the study in this university.

The writer would like to express his appreciation to his advisor Supardi,

S.S for his great patient and contribution in finishing this thesis. Without his advices and critics this thesis will mean nothing.

The writer wishes to say gratitude to the following persons:

1) Dr. H. Abdul Chair, M.A the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty

2) Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd the Head of English Letters Department.

3) All lecturers of English Letters Department for the education during his

study at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.

4) All of his work peers in Bank Mandiri cabang Plaza Aminta, Jakarta

especially to the Branch Manager, Ms Chandra Kirana for admitting him

to accelerate Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). The gratitude is also dedicated to

7 Lusye, Dini, Rini, Ratri, Jay, Amel, Rika, Iir, Dimas and his boss Diah

Suhandini for friendship and for being good leader!

5) The writer would like to give his special gratitude to his best friends;

Mimi, Elshan, Gela, Abdi, Iman, David, Chandra, Ade, Yanti, Sari, Tami,

and also Sufi who is in Nigeria now for love, passion, attention and all

motivation.

6) His beloved classmates Cutie and Mba Ifa for great friendship! Special

thanks also dedicate to Woro for helps him in accomplishing the thesis, his

junior; Kaka, Demi and Layla.

7) For all friends in ‘Kertamukti Kostan’ such as Rafli, Nova, Azhar, Fuad

and Iqbal for friendship and for being lovely neighbor!

Finally, the writer hopes that this thesis would be useful for him in particular, and for the student of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta and also for the readers in general.

Jakarta, December 20, 2008

The writer

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

…………………...…………………………..……………………….. i

APPROVEMENT

………………………………………………………………….. ii

LEGALIZATION

…………………………………………………………………. iii

DECLARATION………………………...………………………………………

….iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT…..………………………………………………………

.. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………

vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study ……..………………………………………

1

B. The scope of Problem ……..………………………….…………..

5

C. Research Question …....…………………………………………..

5

D. Significance of the Research ……..………………………………

5

9 E. Research Methodology

….……………………….……………….6

1. Method of the

Research……………………………………… 6

2. Objective of the

Research.....………………………………… 6

3. The Unit Analysis ……….…....…………...…………………

6

4. Instrument of the

Research………………...………………… 6

5. Place and Time of The

Research..…………………………… 7

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Character and Characterization……………..……………….……… 8

B. The Sexual Deviation Concept…..……....………………….…….. 11

1. Causal Factors in Deviant Sexual Behavior

………………...…..14

2. The Psychopathology of The Sexual Deviate (Anxiety)

………..14

3. Deviations in The Mode of Sexual

Behavior……………………15

10 4. The Object Sex of Sexual

Deviate…………………………...…. 16

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Data

Descriptions……………………………………...………... 19

B. The Character of Ennis Del Mar and His

Characterizations…….21

C. Ennis’ Sexual Deviation

Analysis….…………..………………..27

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.…….…….…………

39

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………….…………………….…………………….

42

APPENDIXES……………………………………………………………………..

44

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

11 A. Background of the Study

Human sexuality is best understood as falling along continuum between purely homosexual in attractions, behaviors, and identity through person’s life.

Homosexual behavior is culturally and historically widespread. In many times and places homosexual behavior has been the object of strong negative attitudes and sanctions. Male homosexuality has received greater attention from historians than lesbianism because males have tended to write history about their men.

Meanwhile lesbianism is likely to arouse social censure than male homosexuality.1

A high proportion of older unmarried homosexuals is characterized by a true psychosexual inversion that is a psychosexual reversal of sexual role. Sexual inverts who are anatomically male tend to think and act as though they were female and inverts who are anatomically female tend to think and act as though they were male. Married homosexual-many of whom are really bisexual. The male with a ruggedly masculine appearance may not only be a homosexual but may also prefer an active role in anal or oral sexual intercourse.2

This following story is one of homosexual case that is written in

Brokeback Mountain movie. This case is the only story in the movie that describes homosexuality relationship. This movie tells the viewers that homosexuality really exists among the society.

Brokeback Mountain a movie by Ang Lee tells the viewers about homosexual life in Texas in 1963s. This movie has interesting story which

1 Craig B. Little. Deviance and control. (New York: FE Peadock, 1989), p. 67 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homosexuality.acessed on 15.30 pm, 14 August 2008

12 describes powerful love story of two young men; ranch hand and a rodeo cowboy

Wyoming, Texas. Furthermore, this movie is about the abnormal complex romantic and sexual relationship love story. It has unique and touchy plot which explains the human right to love and to be loved. Brokeback Mountain’s stars are

Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Michelle Williams and Anne Hathaway. The movie won three Academy Awards including Best Original Music, Best Screen play, and Best Director and it was also nominated many other awards and festivals.3

Brokeback Mountain elaborates how human being’s feeling and desire have crucial connection to their psychological aspects. It can be seen from the character of Ennis Del Mar and his characterizations which appeared from any scenes in the movie itself. Ennis Del Mar’s psychological character shows to the viewers in order to indicate his complexity of abnormal psychology as the shape of sexual deviation. That is the basic reason why Brokeback Mountain has a complexity plot which differs this movie with other normal love story movies.

There are some description and explanation why this abnormal love story movie is named Brokeback Mountain. The title of Brokeback Mountain has been translated into several other languages. First, it means the secret of Brokeback

Mountain. Second, it is translated as the memories of Brokeback Mountain. Other opinion is about telling that this movie is bisexual relationship.4

Indeed, the story is about two young men (Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist) who first met when they find on work sheep-herding, a fictional picturesque

3 http://www.brokebackmountain.com/award/html. accessed 05.12 pm on August 01, 2008 4 http://www.brokebackmountain.com/internal reception/html. accessed 05.25 pm on August 01, 2008

13 setting in Wyoming, Texas. Ennis Del Mar a boy who is about nineteen. He engaged to be married and aspires to someday running his own ranch after his parents died in a car crash and left him and fends it for his own-self. Jack Twist is about the same age and dreams of becoming the greatest rodeo cowboy alive.

Both of them feel essentially alone in the world.

In the beginning of working, they hold friendship. Together they share and face the toil and troubles of the weather, shortages of food and wild animal attacks. On one night after a heavy boozing and shooting the bull, they end up in the tent, just to avoid freezing and bitter cold which lead them sleeping spooned.

Jack, who seems more wired for attraction to Ennis Del Mar, initiates touching him. Ennis, who is engaged to be married, seems truly naive with respect to Jack's intentions as well as his own responses, yet eventually Ennis responds to Jack, releasing his own loneliness and fear into an almost violent physical passion.

Over the summer the two increasingly give into their passion for one another, building a life-long bond. Both men eventually come to acknowledge and understand the determination of their bond, even if they do not both entirely accept it. When the summer ends the men separate and continue with their lives.

Ennis marries Alma and has two daughters. By contrast, Jack is still drawn to other men and remains unmarried until he meets and has a son with rich rodeo cowgirl Lureen Newsome, but Jack is never accepted by Lureen's family.

Searching for acceptance, approval, and unconditional love, Jack writes to Ennis.

It has been four years since they met. They arrange to meet again.

14 From the plot summary above, the writer is interested to discuss this movie entitled “Brokeback Mountain” a movie by Ang Lee, because this movie tells the viewers about the introduction of homosexuality into the Americans in

1963s where homosexual becomes new phenomena among them in that time. In this movie, Brokeback Mountain, there are two main characters such as Ennis Del

Mar and Jack Twist. But in this occasion, the writer only chooses Ennis Del Mar as the object of the research. This love story movie tells the viewers about Ennis

Del Mar’s feel and desire who bravely loves Jack Twist to be loved as his same sexual couple among the American citizens who against the homosexuality in that time.

The writer chooses Brokeback Mountain movie as his research because the writer may think that this movie is very different with other love story movies and he decides to discuss its main character, Ennis Del Mar, using sexual deviation which refers to the abnormal psychology.5

According to the background of study above and then the writer is concerned to discuss the character of Ennis Del Mar that the writer thinks he has unique character viewed from the abnormal psychology theory. It is the writer’s reflection to the strong excitement to elaborate about the abnormal psychology on sexual deviation concept. Therefore, the writer uses this concept to know further the main character’s homosexuality in the Brokeback Mountain a movie by Ang

Lee.

5 Since the word abnormal literally means “away from the normal”, it implies deviation from some clearly defined norm. From psychological point of view, a sexual deviation also termed a perversion or paraphilia, is best understood as the failure psychosexual development. The phenomena of abnormality often require analysis at both conscious and conscious levels. The sexual deviation considers motivational and emotional factors.

15 B. The scope of Problem

According to the background of the study above and to limit the research, the writer only focuses the scope of problem on the main character in this movie,

Ennis Del Mar and his abnormal psychology, using sexual deviation concept.

C. Research Question

Based on the background of the study and scope of problem above, the writer decides to identify the research by this specific question:

1. How are the characterizations of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain

movie?

2. How does Ennis Del Mar’s homosexuality influence his marriage?

D. Significance of the Research

Basically, the writer hopes the result of this research will help the readers to understand the movie especially based on point of view sexual deviation concept that reflected in the Brokeback Mountain movie about the character of

Ennis Del Mar’s and his sexual deviation.

E. Research Methodology

1. Method of the Research

This research uses qualitative method with a descriptive analysis. First,

the writer watches the movie of Brokeback Mountain, connotes the

16 dialogue/conversation among the characters, and then analyzes the main character (Ennis Del Mar) with sexual deviation concept.

2. Objective of the Research

The objectives of this research are intended to describe Ennis Del Mar as the main character and his characteristics in this movie and reveal his homosexuality as the shape of his sexual deviation which influences his all whole life in this movie itself.

3. The unit of Analysis

The unit of Analysis of this study is “Brokeback Mountain” a movie by Ang Lee that produced in 2005 by Focus Features.

4. Instrument of the Research

Instrument of the research is the writer himself by watching the movie

Brokeback Mountain, and then analyze it based on sexual deviation concept.

5. Place and Time of the Research

This research takes place on August 2008 until April 2009 in State

Islamic University, Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.

17 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In this chapter the writer tries to explain Brokeback Mountain movie using the sexual deviation concept to make easier in understanding what is the movie about and the abnormality experienced by the character of Ennis Del Mar. The usage of sexual deviation concept is used to describe Ennis’ abnormal sexual relationship.

A. Character and Characterization

Character is a person in the story whose potentialities of action.6 The characters in the film must seem real, understandable, and worth caring about. For the most part, the characters in a story are believable in the same way that the story is believable. In other words, they either conforms to the laws of probability and necessity, conform to some inner truth or they are made to seem real by the convincing art of the actor.

If characters are truly believable, it is almost impossible to remain completely neutral toward them. The viewers must respond to them in some way: admiring, them for heroic deeds and their nobility for their failures. Identifying

6 Henry Guntur Tarigan. Dasar-Dasar Sastra (Bandung: Angkasa, 1993), p.148

18 with them for their ordinary human qualities, but if the viewer’s reaction to them is negative; the viewer may detest them for their greed, cruelty, selfishness and underhanded methods.

Characterization is the way which the author used how to represent the character in the story.7 Meanwhile characteristic is a typical feature or quality that something or somebody has, for instance personal characteristic (sex, age and genetic).8 Characterization in a film has a great deal to do with casting, although some actors and actresses may be versatile enough to project completely different qualities in different roles, most of them are not. A major aspect of film characterization is therefore revealed visually and instantaneously. The visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progress, but it is certainly an important means of establishing characters. To know the characterization in a film can be proven by the appearance, dialogue, external action, internal action, reactions of other characters and choice of name.9

1) Stock character

It is not essential or even desirable for every character in a film to have a

unique or memorable personality. Stock characters are minor characters whose

actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. They

are in the film simply because the situation demands their presence. Thus they

7 Scott Foresman. Literature for Composition (San Francisco: Scott Foresman Company 1988), p.71-72 8 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 7th edition. (England : Oxford University Press 1948), p.246 9 Joseph M. Boggs, The art of watching films third edition. (California : Mayfield Publishing Company 1991), pp. 53-55

19 serve as a natural part of the setting, much as stage properties like a lamp or a chair might function in a play.

2) Static and developing character

It is often useful to determine whether the most important characters in a film are static or developing characters. Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot (internal and external or both) and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the film began.

Meanwhile static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives (as might generally be the case with the hero of an action or adventure film).

Furthermore, static characters are almost essential to comedy and developing characters are essential to serious drama.

3) Flat and round characters

Another important distinction is made between flat characters and round characters. Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with physiological depth.

Unique, individualistic characters who have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized are called round characters. Round characters are not inherently superior to static characters.

The terms merely imply how different characters function within the framework of a story.10

10 Ibid, pp.61-62

20 B. The Sexual Deviation concept

Among the “innumerable peculiarities of the erotic life of human beings” – to borrow a phrase from Freud (1905)- sexual deviation is difficult to distinguish from sexual normality. One solution is to substitute the legal concept of a sexual offense for the psychological concept of a sexual deviation. Human sexual behavior is more variable and more easily affected by learning and social conditioning than is that of any other species. Karpman (1954) defines a sexual deviation (offense) as “…. behavior that offends the particular society in which the offender lives. English and American legal codes consider all premarital, extramarital, and post marital intercourse, mouth-genital and anal contacts, whether in or out of marriage, all sexual contacts with animal and the public exhibition of any kind of sexual activity as sexual offenses punishable by penalties”. Three points should be noted about the concept of sexual deviation.

First, a sexual deviation is relative to the culture as is a sexual offense. Second, although most deviations are also sexual offenses, a large number of offenses.

Third, an important component of the concept deviation is its stress on persistence in habit patterns. Those are all of examples from all parts. First, in ancient Greece, homosexuality was not considered a deviation. Second, extramarital intercourse or nongenital heterosexual foreplay are not deviations. Third, the individual who occasionally departs from normal sexual behavior is very different from the persistent deviate. 11

11 C.S. Ford. Patterns of Sexual Behavior. (Philadelphia : WB Saunders Company, 1972), p.273

21 The major varieties of sexual deviation are appears in sexual behavior varies in (1) the intensity of the drive and the frequency of its gratification; (2) the mode of gratification; (3) the sexual object; (4) the context within which the drive is aroused and gratified. A category of sexual deviation corresponds to each these four dimensions:

1. In nymphomania, satyriasis and promiscuity there is excessive sexual activity with inadequate attention to time, place or object. (impotence and frigidity) 2. The nature of mode of the sexual act- the sexual impulse and aim- is deviant in masturbation, orogenital or anogenital activity, voyeurism, sadism, transvestism and masochism. 3. The object of the sexual act is deviant in homosexuality, bisexuality, fetishism and bestiality. 4. The social and physical contexts are deviant in prostitution.

The most important of these four categories are the second and third, comprising deviations of mode and object. The categories, of course, are not mutually exclusive such in homosexuality both the object and the act. 12

To avoid this difficulty, a closely related but broader and more definitive classification of sexual deviations may be used for the purposes.

1. Maladaptive but not socially disproved sexual patterns. This category

focuses on sexual inadequacy, broadly referred to as impotence in the male

frigidity in the female. Such sexual behavior is relatively common and

may be highly distressing to the individual or the sexual partner as well as

detrimental to their relationship. But, it is not disapproval or sanction.

12 Ephraim Rosen. Abnormal Psychology. (Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1972), p.276

22 2. Maladaptive but socially disproved sexual patterns. Sexual behavior

placed in this category are socially disapproved in the terms of choice of

sex object, mode of gratification or both. Included here are such deviant

patterns as incest and rape. The incidence of such sexual behavior is

relatively low and social sanctions against offenders are often severe.

3. Alternative sexual pattern. Included here are a variety of sexual behaviors,

ranging from premarital and communal sex to homosexuality and

prostitution. Several of the patterns in this category are associated with

supportive group structure. Most persons engaging in such behavior

consider it an acceptable alternative to sexual pattern approved by tradition

all social mores.

4. Family Pattern. This category consists of who frustrated by unhappy

marital relationship, established a relationship with son that become

seductive and romantic but stopped just short of physical contact. Family

background of homosexual as a group is significance different from

heterosexual family pattern.

5. General sociocultural factors. It would appear that a variety of

sociocultural factors, including the specify of expected role behavior and

social sanction for deviants, may influence the incidence of homosexual

and other sexual life-style.13

13 James Coleman. Abnormal Psychology and Modern life. (Illinois : Scott Foresman Company 1994) p. 559-561

23 1. Causal Factors in deviant sexual behavior

Here are some causal factors why the offenders accomplish the sexual

deviations.

Learning factor: adult sexual behavior is the result of along process

development. Almost any object or situation can become sexually stimulating-

particularly among preadolescents- such as erotic literature, sex scenes in

plays or films, pictures of nude, and underclothing or other objects intimately

associated with members of the opposite sex. To be one community with the

sexual deviant might sway others and this sexual behavior consequence of the

learning factor. Hereditary factor: in this category anyone being a sexual

deviate cause of genetic of sexual deviation which has to be personality along

the sexual deviate arises. It appears since the deviant was born. Faulty

information and lack of interpersonal competencies: many sexual deviations

are associated with faulty information about sexual information on how

deviate or on what their sexual object.14

2. The Psychopathology of the sexual deviate (Anxiety).

There are enormous differences in the behavior and personality of

sexually deviant persons. Few deviates become involved in more than one

kind of deviation. To some extent, the particular type of deviation is

associated with particular personalities traits. Many deviant individuals are

14 Alloy, L. B. at el. Abnormal psychology, Current Perspective.,8th edition. (Boston,: McGraw-Hill College 1999) p. 123

24 antisocial personalities; in fact the term “sexual Psychopathology” has often

been used loosely to refer to all types of sexual deviations or offense.

However, many other sexual deviants are not sociopathic but psychotic or

mentally retarded and even more are neurotic.

In any event, a persistent sexual deviate is very unlikely to approximate

normality in non-sexual as well as sexual areas. Some sexual deviates are

active, energetic and aggressive, but the majority tend to be shy, reserved,

timid and uncomfortable in interpersonal relationship with other adults. The

majority are also evasive and non-communicative; the more deviant the

behavior, the greater the tendency to evasion. In society a failure development,

associated with anxiety and conflict, culminating in a persistent or frequently

recurring preference for any form of sexual behavior that is substitute for and

does not terminate in, genital coitus with an adult of the opposite sex. In the

more severe forms of deviations, marked signs is either anxiety and depression

or apathy and indifference are common. However, the deviate who is

sociopathic or psychotic tends to manifest a generalized deficiency of

conscience and impulse control.15

3. Deviations in the mode of sexual behavior.

Masturbation is sexual pleasure obtained by manual or mechanical

stimulation of the genitals or other erogenous zone, e.g. anus. Oro-genital and

ano-genital activities are cunnilingus, the apposition of the mouth to female

15 http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sexual-Deviation-Pelican-Anthony-Storr/dp/0140206493. accesed on 21 March, 2009 at 05.15 pm

25 genitals, the apposition of the mouth to male genitals. Any of these acts may

occur heterosexually and homosexually. Voyeurism consists of obtaining

sexual gratification through observation of the genitals or sexual behaviors of

others. Sadism refers to any type of cruelty or extreme aggression. It is the

attainment of sexual gratification through the infliction of bodily or mental

pain on others by physical or verbal.16

4. The object sex of sexual deviate

4.1 Bisexuality

Bisexuality as a sexual orientation -- a feeling of attraction for both

men and women, although not necessarily to the same degree. Bisexual by

definition means promiscuous, having relations with both male and

female. This applies whether the individual is sexually active or not; a

celibate bisexual is still a bisexual. Bisexual individual may experience

conflict with a homophobic society; however, such conflict is not a

symptom of dysfunction in the individual. The APA Board recognized that

a significant portion of homosexual and bisexual people were clearly

satisfied with their sexual orientation and showed no signs of

psychopathology.17

Most people use the term "sexual orientation" to refer to sexual

feelings. Heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual is a part of what people

are. Thus, bisexuality is sexual orientation in which an individual feels

16 Ephraim Rosen (1972), op.cit. 277-280. 17 The APA is American Psychiatric Association, an organization discusses Fact Sheet, Homosexual and Bisexual Issues.

26 sexual attraction towards both men and women, although not necessarily

to the same degree. This is the meaning given to bisexuality by most

mental health professionals, religious liberals, secularists, and persons of

minority sexual orientations.18 Some persons who are sexually attracted to

both men and women feel more strongly attracted to one gender than the

other. Further, they may identify themselves as homosexual or

heterosexual, depending upon their prime attraction. So, a bisexual who

feels more attracted to members of the same sex might identify themselves

as gay or lesbian rather than bisexual. Others, attracted to members of the

opposite sex might view themselves as heterosexual.19 The type of

heterosexuality, homosexuality and bisexuality as descriptions of people's

are behavior. Thus, bisexuality becomes a "lifestyle" in which an

individual engages in sexual behavior with both men and women.

4.2 Homosexuality

Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior or attraction between people

of the same sex, or to a sexual orientation. As a sexual orientation,

homosexuality refers to having sexual and romantic attraction primarily or

exclusively to members of one’s own sex; it also refers to an individual’s

sense of personal and social identity based on those attractions, behaviors

expressing them, and membership in a community of others who share

them. Homosexuality, bisexuality, and heterosexuality together make up

the three main classifications of sexual orientation. Etymologically, the

18http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/accesed on March 23,2009, 07.10pm 19 http://www.ssmu.mcgill.ca/accesed on April 1,2009,07.30pm

27 word homosexual is a Greek and Latin hybrid with homos (sometimes

confused with an unrelated Latin word for "man", as in Homo sapiens)

deriving from the Greek word for same, thus connoting sexual acts and

affections between members of the same sex, including lesbianism. The

word gay generally refers to male homosexuality, but is sometimes used in

a broader sense to refer to homosexuality in general. In the context of

sexuality, the word lesbian denotes female homosexuality.20

Homosexuality is a broad term which includes several aspects of

same-sex sexuality, such as sexual orientation, sexual identity, and sexual

behaviors. The adjective homosexual describes behavior, relationships,

people, orientation etc. The adjectival form literally means "same sex",

being a hybrid. Certain forms of erotic attraction and sexual pleasure

between males were often an ingrained, accepted part of the cultural norm.

Particular sexual activities (such as anal sex in some cultures, or oral sex

in others), however, were disapproved of, even as other aspects were

accepted and admired. In cultures under the sway of the law and the

church established sodomy as a transgression against divine law, a crime

against nature - often inflicted by means of fire so as to purify the unholy

action. The condemnation of penetrative sex between males is against

nature.

20http://www.geocities.com/accesed on April 2,2009,07.00pm

28 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

According to the book “The art of watching film” by Joseph M. Bogg, he claims that the developing characters in a film are deeply affected by the action of the plot (internal and external or both) and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the film began.

Developing characters are found in essential to serious drama.21

In the case of Brokeback Mountain story, the writer considers Ennis Del

Mar as a developing character because the director, Ang Lee, presents actions with

Ennis’ abnormality as a character that affected by the changing of its plot and of course Brokeback Mountain movie is one of examples to serious drama.

A. Data Description

In this chapter III, after watch the movie, the writer finds some statements as the corpus of the research. The analysis is about the data description of Ennis

Del Mar’s abnormality (homosexual and bisexual) in the movie of Brokeback

Mountain. The explanations appear in this following table.

21 Joseph M. Bogg (1991), op. cit 54

29 The Table of Ennis’ Del Mar Sexual deviation

No Corpus Scene Sexual Deviation 1. Ennis: ….And then my sis left, she 31 Anxiety married a roughneck, moved to Casper. And me and my brother, we went and got ourselves some work on a ranch up near Worland. Till I was 19. then he got married. And no more room for me. That’s how come me end up here. What?. (Feeling lonely in the world as real act from the anxiety)

Ennis: I tell you, there were these two old guys ranched up together down Traumatic/Realistic home. Earl and Rich. And they was a 93 Anxiety joke in town. Even though they were (Ennis refuses to live pretty tough old birds. Anyway they together with Jack found Earl dead in an irrigation ditch. Twist frightened of They took a tire iron on him, spurred being murdered). him up, and drug him around by his dick till it pulled off.

….O yeah. Jack was pumpin’ up a flat Traumatic/Realistic on the truck out on back road, when Anxiety the tire blew up. the rim of the tire (for Ennis what he slammed into his face. Broke his nose 125 frightened of being and knocked him unconscious on his murdered becomes real back. By the time somebody come for his couple.) along, he’d drowned in his own blood. He was only 39 years old….

2. Ennis: This is a one-shot thing we got goin’ on here. You know i ain’t queer. 41 Anal sexuality (Ennis denies that he is a homosexual but he is the one after got sexual intercourse with Jack Twist)

3. Ennis: Well, maybe not. Like I said, me and Alma is getting’ married in 49 Homosexuality November so, I’ll try to get somethin’ on a ranch, I guess. And you? (Ennis loves Jack Twist) (Ennis regrets that he will separate with his Partner then he cries)

30 Ennis: Yeah, four years. Didn’t think Homosexuality i’d hear from you again. I figure you 86 (Ennis rebuilds his were sore from that punch. homosexuality after measured from Jack Twist)

4. And forgive us out trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. 50 Bisexuality Lead us not into temptation but deliver us from devil. For thine is kingdom, (Ennis loves Alma, he the power and the glory, forever. married with her. He is Amen. Under the power vested in me. I a passive homosexual) now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss the bride. (Ennis Married with Alma)

Ennis: Alma, this is Jack, Jack this is my wife, Alma. Yeah, i got two little 85 Bisexuality (Ennis is girls. Alma Jr. and Jenny married homosexual whose two daughters).

B. The character of Ennis Del Mar and his characterizations

Ennis Del mar is a white man who comes from Wyoming, Texas. He is 19 years old. He is a man who tries to find a job as a ranch hand to Mr Aguirre’s sheep herding.

Jack : Are you from ranch people? Ennis : Yeah, I was. (Brokeback Mountain:4)

He becomes a ranch man, because his family ever looses their own ranch hand some years ago and they blame Ennis to this problem. Ennis: No. They run themselves off. There was one curve in the road in 43 miles, and they miss it. So the bank took the ranch, and my brother and sister, they raised me, mostly. He lives together with his brother and sister. He decides to become a ranch hand

31 because all his brother and sister are married. Meanwhile he is alone then he spends his time to ranch to fill his loneliness.

Ennis : They did the best they could after my folks was gone. Considerin’ they didn’t leave us nothin’. But $ 24 in a coffee can. I got me a year of high school. That was before the transmission went on the pickup. And then my sis left, she married a roughneck, moved to Casper. And me and my brother, we went and got ourselves some work on a ranch up near Worland. Till I was 19. then he got married. And no more room for me. That’s how come me end up here. What?. (Brokeback Mountain: 31)

Ennis really loves his job. For him, his job is everything. He spends the time in the ranch. Sometimes, he forgets to go back home and sometime ignores

Alma if he is there. Ennis: Alma, I can’t afford not to be there when the heifers calve. Right, it’d be my job if I lose any of ‘em.

Ennis is a man who engages to marry his fiancée, Alma, after he turns back from Brockback Mountain. He tries to find a job as the first step to start a new life with Anna. Ennis: I’m savin’ for a place myself. Alma and me. We’re gonna get married when I come down off this mountain. He will marry Alma in

November and together with her Ennis tries to open their own ranch. Ennis:

…Well, maybe not. Like I said, me and Alma is getting’ married in November so,

I’ll try to get somethin’ on a ranch, I guess. And you?

As a ranch hand in Brockback Mountain, Ennis is a brave guy. He is bravely to hunt the wild animals which man to eat thousands sheep. He shoots the bear with the gun to death. Then, his herding animals are saved from the wild animal. Ennis: I come on a bear is what happened. Goddamn horse spooked and the mules took off and scattered food everywhere. Beans is about all we got left.

32 Got whiskey of something? Dumb-ass mule.. Ennis’ bravery can be seen on how he fights the two trouble makers in the fireworks festival. Both of them disturb

Ennis’ family. Ennis is really annoyed to them. Ennis fearlessly fights both of them and makes them gone from that festival.

Man 1 : Look at this crowd. Bound to be a lot pussy on the hoof in the crowd like this. All swelled up with patriotic feeling. And ready to be humped like a frog. Man 2 : So, where do you figure the most pussy is at? Las Vegas or California? Man 1 : Hell i don’t know but if you make it between Montana and Wyoming, I’d take Wyoming. Ennis : Hey! You might want to keep it down. I got two little girls here. Man 1 : Fuck you, asshole Man 2 : Problaly quit givin’ it to his wife after his kids was born. Alma : Ennis, let’s move. Let’s just move, okay Ennis : Now, I don’t want any trouble from you. You need to shut your slop-bucket mouths, you hear me. (Brokeback Mountain: 62-63)

Beside a brave man, in the story, Ennis is described as the strong man who does not mind to keep thousands sheep each four hours. When his partner, Jack twist, minds to keep the sheep each four hours, Ennis is ready to sleep out the tent for the shake of the sheep.

Jack : Yeah, i’m commutin’ four hour a day. I come in for breakfast. I go back to the sheep. Evenin’ get ‘em bedded down. Come in for supper, go back to the sheep. Spend half the night, checkin’ for damn coyotes. Aguirre not right to make me do this. Ennis : You wanna switch? I wouldn’t mind sleepin’ out there. (Brokeback Mountain: 25)

Ennis is a low profile man. He does not ask the tasty food to Mr. Aguirre because he realizes that he is just Mr. Aguirre’s worker. He is ready to eat the bean and vegetable as the supply for several days during in Brokeback Mountain.

33 He just enjoys them as the nutrient for him. Even, he does not kill one of the sheeps.

Jack : No more beans. Damn, shit. Ennis : Yeah, so what.. Why we didn’t get the powdered milk and the spuds?I’ll stick with beans Jack : Well, i won’t Ennis : Gettin’ tired of your dumb-ass missin’. Jack : Well. We gotta do somethin’ about this food situation. Maybe i’ll shoot one of the sheep. Ennis : Yeah, what of Aguirre find out, huh? We’re supposed to guard the sheep not eat ‘em. (Brokeback Mountain: 17)

Ennis and Jack cooperate in order to keep thousand sheep. They look at them night and day; feed them with the green grass in Brokeback Mountain. In the middle of the night they just rest into the tent. But one night, when the weather is really bad and the night becomes too cold, Ennis prefers sleeping out the tent until

Jack calls him into the tent and reminds him about the bad weather. Ennis sleeps the next after Jack, then Jack initiates to touch Ennis. Firstly, Ennis becomes naïve and of course he reminds his fiancé, Alma, but suddenly he understands what Jack wants to do; sexual intercourse.

Ennis : Well, you got an extra blanket? I’ll just roll out op here, grabs winks, and I’ll ride out at first light. Jack : You’ll freeze your ass off when that fire dies down. Ennis : Oh that’s good Jack : You’re better off sleepin’ in the tent. Ennis..! Ennis : What? Jack : Just quit your yammerin’ and get in here. (Brokeback Mountain: 39-40)

In the next day, Ennis discusses to Jack about what they have done last night in the tent. Ennis regrets on their sexual intercourse with his partner, Jack.

Ennis explains to him that he is a straight guy not a man such what Jack thinks.

34 Ennis : This is a one-shot thing we got goin’ on here. Jack : It’s nobody bussiness but ours Ennis : You know i ain’t queer Jack : Me neither. (Brokeback Mountain: 41)

When the sheep herding ends in the summer, the two persons, Ennis Del

Mar and Jack twist are measured. Before they say goodbye, Jack asks Ennis about this same job to Mr. Aguirre in the next summer. Ennis responds his question with rejection on the same job in the next summer.

Ennis gets married with his fiancée, Alma, after returning from sheep herding and has two daughters; Alma Jr. and Jenny. Meanwhile Jack twist is still single and still obsessed to be rodeo cowboy. But after met Laureen Newsome, he gets married with this rich girl and has a son.

After four years measured, the two guys arrange to meet. It is Jack who sends Ennis Del Mar post card to his new house in Riverton. After backs from the job, Alma says to his husband that he has post card from the old friend; Jack

Twist. In the next day, they meet and miss each other.

Ennis : Jack fuckin’ Twist.. son of bitch. Alma, this is Jack, Jack this is my wife, Alma Jack : Hi, Alma. Ennis, You got a kid? Ennis : Yeah, i got two little girls. Alma Jr. and Jenny Jack : I got a boy. Eight months old. Smiles a lot. I married the prettiest little gal in Childress, Texas. Lureen (Brokeback Mountain: 85)

Having two daughters, Ennis becomes a responsible father to both of them. It can be known from his act that sometimes in weekend he travels together with her daughters, because they also need picnic and traveling. Then, he agrees on Alma’s request to move in Riverton, although the living cost there is more

35 expensive than before. He takes this request because he worries about Jenny’s disease and he hopes his two daughters to have many friends therefore he follows his wife advice. Furthermore, he expects a better life in new house at Riverton.

Ennis : I think I should the girls into town this weekend. Get ‘em an ice cream, somethin’ . Alma : Can’t we move to town? I’m tired of this lonesome old ranches. No one’s around for junior to play with. Beside, I’m scared for Jenny, scared if she has another one of ‘em bad asthma spells. Ennis : No, rent in town is too high. Alma : There’s a cheap place in Riverton, over the Laundromat. I bet I could fix it up real nice. Ennis : I bet you could fix this place up real nice if you want it to. Alma : I know you’d like it too, real home, other kids for the girls to play with. Not so lonely like you were raised. You don’t want‘em to be so lonely, do you? Ennis : yeah…(Brokeback Mountain: 57-59)

Before Ennis meets Jack he is well-known as the active worker in his ranch, but after Ennis meets Jack Twist, he becomes a liar to his wife, Alma. He said that Jack twist the only his old friend and he does not say he is his homosexual partner when in Broke back Mountain. He prefers spending time with

Jack Twist in Brockback Mountain on the reason “fishing” than spending the time with his family. Sometimes he misses the important church ceremony because of

Jack Twist that he usually does before he gets together with him. Even though,

Ennis ignores his job.

Ennis : No, Jack. He’s rodeo. Mostly. We was fishin’ buddies Alma : Maybe we could a baby-sitter, huh? Take your friend to the Knife or Fork? Ennis : No, Jack ain’t the restaurant type. We’ll more likely just go out and get drunk. That’s if he shows. (Brokeback Mountain: 77-78)

36 From the explanation above, the writer concludes that Ennis Del Maar as a responsible man who has good responsibility in both his job and family. He dedicates his life to be a ranch hand after his family looses their own herding. He is classified as brave guy and low profile to take care of thousands sheep and protect his family.

Beside responsible man and brave guy, Ennis is categorized as bisexual who loves both man and woman. He did sexual anal intercourse with Jack Twist in Brockback Mountain and married with Alma after backs from his herding job.

He becomes a liar to hide his abnormal relationship from his family.

C. Ennis’ Sexual Deviation Analysis

After analysis the character of Ennis Del Maar above, it can be known that

Ennis is a man who spends his childhood together with his brother and sister until

Ennis in 19 years old. …..I got me a year of high school. That was before the transmission went on the pickup. And then my sis left, she married a roughneck, moved to Casper. And me and my brother, we went and got ourselves some work on a ranch up near Worland. Till I was 19. then he got married….. After being lonely, Ennis supposes to be a man who is able to be autonomous. He just has capability to become a ranch hand; therefore he tries to find a job which is suitable with his capability. He gets a job from Mr. Aguirre to sheep herding in Brockback

Mounation along one summer.

Aguirre: I suggest you get your scrawny assess in here pronto. Upon on brokeback the forest service has got designated campsites on the allotments. Them camps can be 3, 4 miles from where we pasture the woolies. Bad predator loss id there’s nobody lookin’ after

37 ‘em at night. Now, what I want is a camp tender to stay in the main camp, where the forest service says. But the herder he’s gonna pitch a pup tent on the QT with the sheep and he’s gonna sleep there. You eat your supper and breakfast in camp, but you sleep with the sheep 100 %. No fire, don’t leave no sign. You roll up that tent every mornin’, in case forest service snoops around. (Brokeback Mountain: 2)

From the job, he gets enough salary as a single man, …..You got your dogs, your.30-30, you sleep there. In Mr. Aguirre’s herding, he has a partner who also finds a job like him. His partner accompanies him in Brockback Mountain.

Since Ennis Del Maar and the partner met, they cooperate each other to keep thousands sheep.

Jack : Jack Twist Ennis : Ennis Jack : Your folks just stop at Ennis? Ennis : Del Mar. Ennis Del Mar. Jack :Well, nice to know you Ennis Del Mar. (Brckeback Mountain: 4-6)

During sheep herding time in Brockback Mountain, they always keep the thousand sheeps together. They feed the sheep with fresh green plant in the valley and count the sheep when the night comes, because they do not want one of Mr.

Aguirre’s sheep is eaten by the wild animal or even die because of the bad weather in Brockback Mountain. If they loose one of them, their boss will be very angry and of course they will get very small salary from his boss. Aguirre:

……Last summer I had goddamn near 25% loss. I don’t want that again.

Always spending time together, Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist becomes best friend. Sometimes, they divide their job to be shift-time to look at the sheep.

One of them prepares the tent for sleeping and one of them provides the food.

38 From days to day, from time to time they recognize each other more than job partner. Sometime they joke to each other to avoid the stress after work.

This situation like this made both of them feel on the same condition.

Therefore, sheep herding is the right job for both. Ennis and Jack Twist are really two persons who always being loneliness and emptiness. Sometime also they share about his family, how they arise, and tell about their girlfriends. As the partner, Jack respects to Ennis and he claims that Ennis is a good partner in a job.

Jack: Well, I’m happy to switch with you.....

This job relationship does not take any longer to both of them. When the bad weather comes in the night and the situation among Brokeback Mountain is really bad, then the two young men avoid the shift time to take care the sheep and they sleep in the one tent to pass this bad weather. Jack who is known as more sensitive than Ennis touches Ennis as his girl friend. At the first, Ennis is naïve to

Jack. Ennis seems angry and of course refuses his touch. But, suddenly he enjoys

Jack’s touch. Unconsciously, they end their night with sexual intercourse in the tent. Ennis and Jack do the sexual deviation; anal sexuality. They did homosexual relationship.

Jack : You’re better off sleepin’ in the tent. Ennis..! Ennis : What Jack : Just quit your yammerin’ and get in here. (Brokeback Mountain: 40)

From the explanation above, the writer concludes that Ennis Del Maar becomes a homosexual because of learning factor. He is a sexual deviant which is outcome of learning long process. Ennis has to be one community with Jack Twist

39 until the summer ends because of the job. Out of his realize during his job time,

Ennis finds out and takes the pleasure of Jack’s lovingness and softness. Jack

Twist is well-known as more sensitive than Ennis who acts as the female meanwhile Ennis Del Mar seems more macho than Jack who acts male. Here, it is concluded that Ennis is passive homosexual and Jack is active homosexual. Jack

Twist is active, energetic and aggressive sexual deviant while Ennis tends to be shy, reserved and timid.

From the night where they hold anal sexuality, their relationship seems more romantic day to day. Their friendship changes to be special relationship between two males. The special relationship changes their job relationship after they did anal sexual relationship in that bad night. They hold abnormal relationship; homosexual relationship. Before they hold this abnormal relationship, Ennis has already told to Jack Twist that he will marry his fiancée,

Alma, after he finishes his ranch herding time. Of course, Jack Twist has already known Ennis’ plan. But in the story of Brokeback Mountain movie, it is not told why Ennis wants to do sexual intercourse with male and why Jack Twist ignores

Ennis’ plan to marry Alma. One logic reason why the two men held this anal sexuality is because they have same condition; feeling lonely in the word.

It can be known from Ennis’ clarification to Jack about he has done in the last night. Ennis is sorry and claims that he is straight guy not a gay.

Ennis : This is a one-shot thing we got goin’ on here. Jack : It’s nobody bussiness but ours Ennis : You know i ain’t queer (Brokeback Mountain: 41)

40 Although Ennis has clarified about him-self, but it does not changes his homosexual relationship with Jack. Moreover, each day their abnormal relationship is clear and is known by Mr. Aguirre who watches them miles from

Brockback Mountain area. He saw Jack who runs to Ennis as the girl who runs to her boyfriend. Ennis’ behavior shows that he is abnormal person which is naïve.

He does not confess that he is homosexual but yes, he is.

When the summer ends, it means that Ennis and Jack finish their herding sheep belongs to Mr. Aguirre in Brockback Mountain. Ennis and Jack are not more being one community again. They are measured. They continue their own life. Ennis married with Alma and has two daughters meanwhile Jack married

Laureen and has one son.

Since Ennis is part from Jack Twist, Ennis seems very happy. He really enjoys his new life with Alma. His marriage gave him happiness. And forgive us out trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. Lead us not into temptation but deliver us from devil. For thine is kingdom, the power and the glory, forever. Amen. Under the power vested in me. I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss the bride.

To be a father is one proud for Ennis Del Mar. That’s why he works harder and harder for his family. Before and after marriage, Ennis always take care his ranch herding and of course Alma stands him as the wife. Although Ennis is a hard worker and spends his time for ranch herding, Ennis does not forget to take care his two girls, Alma Jr. and Jenny. He is able to divide the working time and family time.

41 Ennis : How my girls doing? Alma : All right, jenny’s still got a runny nose. Ennis : Yeah. Jenny stopped her coughin’. I think I should the girls into town this weekend. Get ‘em an ice cream, somethin’ . (Brokeback Mountain: 57)

One day, after he backs from his business, Alma tells him that he got a postcard from Jack. In that time, he is very startled on the news. Then he just tells his wife that Jack Twist is his old friend. He acts how he misses the old friend in front of his wife. He does not tell her that Jack Twist is his homosexual partner.

He just covers his abnormal relationship from his wife. He just keeps his secret between him and Jack. In this case, it is the first time Ennis lies to his wife.

That afternoon, Jack comes to Ennis’ home. Ennis seems really happy when he meets his homosexual partner after four years measured. He kisses Jack

Twist in front of his house. He really misses that man. Out of realize, through the window Alma shows what Ennis doing. Ennis is flattery with his old friend but she pretends that she does not anything. That night, Ennis ends the night in the motel together with his homosexual partner, Jack Twist. Meanwhile his family are avoided. In the motel Ennis and Jack share their emotional and psychical passion and of course they get anal sexual again like they ever did in the Brokeback

Mountain. They end the night with long conversation about their experiences since they are measured.

Jack : Four years, damn! Ennis : Yeah, four years. Didn’t think i’d hear from you again. I figure you were sore from that punch. Jack : Right next summer, i drove back up to Brokeback. Talked to Aguirre about job. And, he told me you hadn’t been back. So I left. We down to Texas for rodeoin’. That’s how I met Lureen. Made $ 2,000 that year. Bull riddin’. Nearly starved. Lureen’s

42 old man makes serious money, farm machines business. Of courses, he hate my guts. Ennis : And the army didn’t get you? Jack : No, too busted up, and rodeoin’ ain’t what it was in my daddy’s day. Got out while I could still walk. Swear to God, I didn’t know we was goin’ to get into this again. Yes I did. I red-lined it all the way. I couldn’t get here fast enough. What about you? Ennis : Me, i don’t know?(Brokeback Mountain: 86)

From the description above, it is known that Ennis is a bisexual who loves both male and female. It is clear that Ennis sexual orientation is on male and female. He loves Jack Twist as his homosexual partner and loves Alma as his wife. And of course he does sexual deviation because homosexual and bisexual are the part of sexual deviation on sexual object. Ennis’ homosexual can be known from the sexual intercourse through anal sexuality with Jack. Meanwhile his sexual relationship with Alma also is marked by anal sexuality, it is caused that Ennis is usually this anal sexuality since he held homosexuality with Jack.

Therefore this bad habitual continues until Ennis Married with Alma. No more any reason about why Ennis always does anal sexuality along he holds sexual intercourse with his couple but Ennis as the sexual deviant gets orgasmic pleasure from anal sexuality.

Since Ennis meets again with his homosexual partner, for him Jack is everything and he does not really care anymore about Alma and two daughters also his job. It seems that Ennis will repeat his past time like he did in Brokeback

Mountain. Sometimes, Ennis says something to Alma that sound coarse, the words that are not proper to said, but Ennis experiences to Alma on their conversation. It seems that Ennis does not have feeling to Alma. It seems that

43 Ennis does not love Alma anymore as his wife and as a mother who has born his two daughters.

Alma : Ennis, they got an opening over at the power company. Might be good pay. Ennis : Well, as clumsy as i am. I’d probably get electrocuted. (Brokeback Mountain: 99)

Whereas his two daughters are the young girls who need extra attention from his daddy, but Ennis always spends his time with Jack to go fishing. Jenny:

Daddy, the church picnic’s next week end. Will you be back from fishing by next week end? Please, daddy, please! Ennis thinks that his family is anyone else not a person who has important part in his life. Ennis does not go picnic and traveling anymore with the two girls like he did before Ennis meets Jack Twist. Ennis will spend the time together with Alma Jr. and Jenny just because he has already debated with Alma to take care of his children. Ennis is not sincere anymore when

Alma asks him to feed the two daughters whereas Alma has to finish her work.

Furthermore, Ennis is completely different before and after he gather with his homosexual partner.

Ennis : Where the hell do you think you’re going? Alma : To work Ennis : The girls need to be fed. Alma : Well, you take care of it. Suppers on the stove Ennis : No ones eatin’ unless you’re servin’ it Alma : I already promised i’d take the extra shift Ennis : Fucking tell ’em. You made a mistake, then. You girls need to push or somethin’?(Brokeback Mountain: 95-96)

Alma as his wife who has already known their abnormal relationship since they kiss in front of Alma’s house in Riverton, is not strong to hide her

44 heartbreaker to Ennis. Therefore, Alma asks Ennis to divorce. Alma wants to end her marriage with Ennis. Alma does want to love his husband anymore because his husband is abnormal person; his husband is a homosexual. She does not obtain someone whom she loves very much but he betrayals on her. Therefore, when

Ennis asks her to sexual intercourse, Alma obviously refuses his question.

Priest : The two minor children, Alma Del Mar Jr. and Jennifer Del Mar is awarded to plaintiff. Defendant is ordered to pay child support to plaintiff in the sum of $ 125 per month for each of the minor children. Until they reach the age of 18 years. Del Mar divorced, this sixth day, of November 1975. (Brokeback Mountain: 101)

After divorce with Ennis, Alma married his boss, Monroe. Meanwhile

Ennis still becomes a homosexual. After divorce, Ennis has to part with his two daughters, Alma Jr. and Jenny. Alma, Alma Jr, and Jenny stay in Monroe’s house as new daddy for the two girls and Ennis stay alone in his house in Riverton.

Ennis just meets them once in a month. Then, he just has one chance to gather with two girls and if he misses this chance he never sees them even once in a month. It already has decided.

Jack : I got your card that the divorce come through. Yeah. So here I am. I had to ask about 10 different people in Riverton. Where you had move to? I guess I though that this means you.. Ennis : No, Jack. I don’t know what to say. See I got the girls this week end and. I’m sure as hell sorry. You know I’m. see, I only get them once a month, and I missed last month. So, I just.. because of the roundup. So.. yeah, well, all right. Jack, I’ll see you next month, then. (Brokeback Mountain: 102-103)

Becoming widower made Ennis regrets his action. He has evaded his family. In other hand, he has much time to congregate with Jack Twist but Ennis refuses to stay together with him as other homosexual couple. He refuses it just

45 because he has traumatic anxiety since his inadequacy time.22 This inadequacy traumatic alerts him not to live together with Jack Twist, because the people will be suspicious to them. Ennis is afraid on society reaction if they know Ennis is a homosexual. He is sociopathic who gets failure society development, that’s why he feels lonely until he was 19 years old. Therefore, during his homosexual relationship with Jack, Ennis acts naïve and evasive. That’s why he rejects Jack’s request.

Jack : What if you and me had a little ranch somewhere. A little cow and calf operation? It’d be s sweet life. I mean, hell Lureen’s old man, you bet he’d give me a down payment to get lost. I mean, he more or less already said it. Ennis : I tell you, there were these two old guys ranched up together down home. Earl and Rich. And they was a joke in town. Even though they were pretty tough old birds. Anyway they found Earl dead in an irrigation ditch. They took a tire iron on him, spurred him up, and drug him around by his dick till it pulled off. Yeah, I was what? Nine years old. My daddy, he made sure me and my brother seen it. Hell, for all I know, he done the job. Two guys living together? No way! Now we can get together once in a while way the hell out in the middle of nowhere. (Brokeback Mountain: 93-94)

To keep his homosexual relationship continues until 20 years, Ennis and

Jack agrees to find alibi. It aims that their abnormal relationship is closed from the public. In homosexual and bisexual relationship, it is important to get alibi for the sexual deviant because alibi helps the sexual deviant (homosexual and bisexual) as their weapon to keep secret this abnormal relationship. But the alibi does not take any longer, because alibi will know who their couple is. 23

22 Conflict and anxiety also failure social development can make anyone to be sexual development (read: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sexual-Deviation-Pelican-Anthony- Storr/dp/0140206493. 23 http://www.marriedgay.org/

46 Jack : All this time and you ain’t found nobody else to marry? Ennis : I’ve been puttin’ the blocks to a good-lookin’ little gal over in Riverton. She’s a waitress. Wants to go to nursing school or somethin’. I don’t know. What about you and Lureen? Jack : Lureen’s good at making hard deals in the machinery business, but as far as our marriage goes, we could do it over the phone. I kind of got this thing going with a ranch foreman’s wife over the Rutters. I’m bound to get shot by Lureen or her husband each time I slip off to see her Ennis : what? (Brokeback Mountain: 115-116)

Ennis-Jack relationship ends, when Jack Twist is found murdered in middle journey to Mexico. Ennis knows his partner died from Lureen when he calls her.

Lureen : O yeah. Jack was pumpin’ up a flat on the truck out on back road, when the tire blew up. the rim of the tire slammed into his face. Broke his nose and knocked him unconscious on his back. By the time somebody come along, he’d drowned in his own blood. He was only 39 years old. Hello? Hello? Ennis : Was he buried down there? Lureen : We put a stone up. He was cremated. Like he wanted. Half his ashes was interred here, the rest was send up with his folks. He used to say he wanted his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain. But I wasn’t sure where that was. I thought Brokeback Mountain might be around where he grew up. knowing Jack, it might be some pretend place where bluebirds sing and there’s a whiskey spring. (Brokeback Mountain: 125- 126)

Ennis is commotion to listen the news about Jack moreover he knew that

Jack really appreciate the memorable in Brokeback Mountain. Ennis knew that

Jack Twist loves him so much. Ennis is sorry to his death and blames himself, because he refuses Jack’s request to go to Mexico. Actually, Ennis disapproves

Jack Twist to go there in spite of Lureen dad’s bodyguards who spy Jack Twist.

Jack : November. What in the hell ever happened to august? Christ, Ennis. You know, you had a fucking week to say some little

47 about this? Why is it we’re always in the friggin’ cold? We ought to go south where it’s warm, you know? We ought to go to Mexico. I did, once. Ennis : You did once. Well, have you been to Mexico, Jack Twist? ‘cause I hear what they got in Mexico for boys like you. Jack : Hell, yes. I have been to Mexico. Is that a fucking problem? Ennis : I’m going to tell you this one time, Jack Fucking Twist. And I ain’t fullin’. What I don’t know, all them things that I don’t know. Could get you killed if I come to know them. I ain’t jokin’. (Brokeback Mountain: 119)

After Jack died, Ennis prefers spending time alone filling his days with their memorable; singing with harmonica sounds, drink whiskey, fishing and go to

Brockback Mountain, sheep herding in his ranch. In the end of story, Ennis realizes that he also loves Jack Twist very much and decides not to hold any relationship; homosexual and normal relationship. Ennis: Jack, I swear....

From the analysis above, the writer concludes that Ennis rebuilds abnormal relationship when he meets Jack Twist after four years measured. Ennis continues his homosexual relationship with him. The tendency of spending time together with Jack Twist is easier, but Ennis refuses to live together with him because of frightened murdering. He always concentrates on this abnormal relationship and avoids his family.

48 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the character of Ennis Del Mar in chapter three, the writer drew a conclusion that Ennis faced the sexual deviation about homosexuality and bisexuality. His sexual deviation is described by his characterizations and his psychological aspects. Firstly, it is concluded by his characterizations. Ennis is 19 years old who comes from Wyoming, Texas. He finds a herding sheep job to Mr.

Aguirre. He feels lonely in the world after his brother and sisters left him. He will his fiancée, Alma, after the herding sheep ends in summer. During his herding sheep, Ennis is brave and strong man; it can be seen how he shoot the wild animal in order to keep thousands sheep. He is also low profile who does not mind to eat beans for several days because of lack of supply. One night, he gets sexual intercourse with his partner, Jack Twist, but the night day he admits that he is not a homosexual. Back from Brokeback Mountain, Ennis married Alma and has two daughters. Having two daughters, Ennis becomes responsible father.

Meanwhile, when Jack and Ennis met after 4 years measured, they rebuild their homosexual relationship. For Ennis, Jack Twist so means for him. He prefers

49 spending time much more with his couple (Jack Twist) than his family (Alma,

Alma Jr and Jenny).

He really cares with his partner and does not care with his family again.

Secondly, his sexual deviation develops when Ennis and Jack meet again after four years measured. He is a homosexual. It is proven when he does intimate sexual relationship with the same sex in Brokeback Mountain; even he denies that he is not a gay. Ennis is passive homosexual and Jack is active homosexual. He becomes homosexual through learning factor whose one community with Jack in

Brokeback Mountain. Ennis loves Alma and Jack. He is married by Alma but he still loves Jack Twist. He becomes bisexual. He loves both male and female.

Further, Ennis becomes homosexual and bisexual because he has realistic anxiety. It rooted from his childhood traumatic; being a homosexual is murdered, therefore he hides his abnormal relationship and ignores living together with his lover because of frightened murdering. His realistic anxiety breaks when Alma knows their abnormal relationship and when Jack is murdered.

B. Suggestions

From the conclusion above the writer attempts to show the readers that the character of Ennis del Mar viewed from sexual deviation has a problem that is about the object of the sexual act. This research is just one way to tell the story

Brokeback Mountain movie by sexual deviation concept. The story of the movie is just a true story of homosexuality life in America, which made as a movie but as

Muslims are forbidden to accomplish the homosexual life, because it is very

50 contradiction with the Islamic religion and culture in Indonesia. The writer hopes that this research just gives the information about the homosexuality as one of the abnormal psychology life out there.

There are many ways that can be used to analyze and appreciate this movie. The writer suggests the readers (also the viewers) who interest sexual deviation to analyze “the setting” of Brokeback Mountain movie, because the setting of this movie has the big role in developing movie itself. The writer realizes that this analysis is imperfect. It is needed deep research to relate other concepts of the sexual deviation.

51 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Boggs, Joseph M. The Art of Wathing Film, California: Mayfield Publishing Company: 1991

Coleman, James. Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life. Scott Foresman and Company: Illinois 1964

Ford, C S. Pattterns of Sexual Behavior. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company: 1972

Diyanni, Robert. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Singapore: The

Mcgraw-Hill, 2000.

Foresman, Scott. Literature for composition. San Francisco 1988

L, B, Alloy. Abnormal Psychology Current Perspective. Boston: McGraw-Hill College: 1999

Guntur Tarigan, Henry. Dasar-Dasar Sastra. Bandung: Angkasa, 1993.

Little, Craig B. Deviance and Control. FE Peadock Publisher: New York 1989.

Rosen, Ephraim. Abnormal Psychology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1972.

Websites http://www.brokebackmountain.com/internal reception/html. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexualstory http://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/TimelineofLGBThistory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anxietyconcept http://science.jrank.org/pages/10905/Psychoanalysis-Theory-Anxiety-

Affects.html

52 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homosexuality http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sexual-Deviation-Pelican-Anthony-

Storr/dp/0140206493. http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/ http://www.ssmu.mcgill.ca/ http://www.geocities.com/ http://www.marriedgay.org/ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sexual-Deviation-Pelican-Anthony-

Storr/dp/0140206493

53 Appendix 1 The Cover of ‘Brokeback Mountain’ DVD

54 Appendix 2 Pictures of ‘Brokeback Mountain ‘Movie

55 Appendix 3 Script of ‘Brokeback Mountain’ Movie

Jack : Shit..! Aguire : You pair of deuces lookin’ for work. I suggest you get your scrawny assess in here pronto. Upon on brokeback the forest service has got designated campsites on the allotments. Them camps can be 3, 4 miles from where we pasture the woolies. Bad predator loss id there’s nobody lookin’ after ‘em at night. Now, what I want is a camp tender to stay in the main camp, where the forest service says. But the herder he’s gonna pitch a pup tent on the QT with the sheep and he’s gonna sleep there. You eat your supper and breakfast in camp, but you sleep with the sheep 100 %. No fire, don’t leave no sign. You roll up that tent every mornin’, in case forest service snoops around.

(Phone ring)

Aguirre : Yeah? No. Not on your fuckin’ life You got your dogs, your.30-30, you sleep there. Last summer I had goddamn near 25% loss. I don’t want that again. You, Friday at noon, be down at the bridge with your grocery list and mules and somebody with supplies will be there at the pick up. Tomorrow mornin’ we’ll truck you up to the jump-off.

Jack : Jack Twist Ennis : Ennis Jack : Your folks just stop at Ennis? Ennis : Del Mar. Ennis Del Mar. Jack : Well, nice to know you Ennis Del Mar

(In The Pub)

Jack : My second year up here. Last year, one storm, the lightnin’, killed 42 sheep. Thought I’ve asphyxiated from the smell. Aguirre got all over my ass, like I was supposed to control the weather. But beats workin’ from my old man. Can’t please my old man, no way. That’s why I took t rodeoin’, you ever rodeo?

Ennis : You know, i mean, once in while when I got the entry fee in my pocket Jack : Are you from ranch people? Ennis : Yeah. I was Jack : Your folks, run you off? Ennis : No. They run themselves off. There was one curve in the road in 43 miles, and they miss it. So the bank took the ranch, and my brother and sister, they raised me, mostly.

Jack : Shit, that’s hard. Ennis : Can I? Thank you.

(In The Mountain)

Man1 : Don’t let them stray. Joe will have your ass if you do. Only thing. Don’t never order soup. Them soup boxes are hard to pack.

Ennis : Well, i don’t eat soup. You wanna watch it there. That horse has a low startle point. Jack : Doubt there’s a filly that could throw me. Lets it, unless you wanna sit around tyin’ knots all day.

(Cooking)

56 Jack : Oh, shit. Can’t wait till i get my own spread and I won’t have to put up with Joe Aguirre’s crap no more. Ennis : I’m savin’ for a place myself. Alma and me. We’re gonna get married when I come down off this mountain. Jack : Shit, that stay with the sheep, no fire bullshit. Aguirre got no right makin’s us do somethin’ against the rules.

Jack : No more beans. Damn, shit. Man 1 : I don’t know something wrong. Ennis : Yeah, so what.. Why we didn’t get the powdered milk and the spuds? Man 1 : That’s all we got Ennis : Well, here’s nexweek’s Man 1 : Thought you didn’t eat soup. Ennis : Yeah, i’m sick of beans Man 1 : Too early in the summer to be sick of bean Ennis : Come on..come on..hold on. Shit. Come back here..!

(A night in a Camp)

Jack : Where the hell you been? Been up with the sheep all day, I get down here hungry as hell and all I find is beans. What in the hell happened Ennis?

Ennis : I come on a bear is what happened. Goddamn horse spooked and the mules took off and scattered food everywhere. Beans is about all we got left. Got whiskey of something? Dumb-ass mule.. Jack : Well. We gotta do somethin’ about this food situation. Maybe i’ll shoot one of the sheep. Ennis : Yeah, what of Aguirre find out, huh? We’re supposed to guard the sheep not eat ‘em.

Jack : What’s the matter with you? There are a thousand of ‘em Ennis : I’ll stick with beans Jack : Well, i won’t

Ennis : Gettin’ tired of your dumb-ass missin’. Jack : Let’s get move on. Don’t want the game and fish to catch us with no elk

Jack : Yeah, i’m commutin’ four hour a day. I come in for breakfast. I go back to the sheep. Evenin’ get ‘em bedded down. Come in for supper, go back to the sheep. Spend half the night, checkin’ for damn coyotes. Aguirre not right to make me do this.

Ennis : You wanna switch? I wouldn’t mind sleepin’ out there. Jack : That ain’t the point. The point is we both ought to be in this camp. Goddamn pup tent smell like cat piss or worse. Ennis : I wouldn’t mind beein’ out there. Jack : Well, I’m happy to switch with you. But I warn you, I can’t cook worth a damn. I’m pretty good with a can opener, though, Ennis : You can’t be no worse than me, then.

Jack : You won’t get much, I tell you that Ennis : Yup, come on..!

Ennis : Shot a coyote up there. It’s a big son of bitch. He had balls on him a size of apples. He looked like he could eat himself a camel. You want some of this hot water?

Ennis : It’s all yours

Ennis : I don’t rodeo much myself. I mean what’s the point? Of ridin’s some piece of stock for eight seconds. Jack : Money is a good point. True enough Ennis : If you don’t get stomped winin’t it, huh?

57 Jack : Yeah. Well, my old man. He was a bull rider. Pretty well-known in his day. Thought he kept his secrets to himself. Never thought me a thing, never once come to see me ride. Your brother and sister do right by you?

Ennis : They did the best they could after my folks was gone. Considerin’ they didn’t leave us nothin’. But $ 24 in a coffee can. I got me a year of high school. That was before the transmission went on the pickup. And then my sis left, she married a roughneck, moved to Casper. And me and my brother, we went and got ourselves some work on a ranch up near Worland. Till I was 19. then he got married. And no more room for me. That’s how come me end up here. What?

Jack : Man, that’s more words than you’ve spoke in the past two weeks Ennis : Hell, that’s the most I’ve spoke in a year. But my dad, He was a fine roper. Didn’t rodeo much, though. He thought rodeo cowboys was all fuck-ups.

Jack : The hell they are. I’m spurrin’ his guts ous! Wavin’ to the girls in the stands! He’s kickin’ me to high heaven, but he don’t Jackboard me, no!

Ennis : I think my dad was right

Ennis : Tent don’t look right Jack : Well, it aint’, goin’ nowhere. Let it be Ennis : That harmonika don’t sound quite right either. Jack : That’s cause it got kind of flattened when that mare threw me. Ennis : Oh yeah? Jack : Yeah.

Ennis : I thought you said that mare couldn’t throw you Jack : Yeah, if i get lucky. Ennis : That harmonica would’ve broke in two Jack : (singing) ” I know I shall meet you on that final day, water-walking, Jesus, take me away”

Ennis : Very good Jack : My mama, she believes in Pentecost. Ennis : O yeah? What exactly is the Pentecost? I mean, my folks, they was Methodist.

Jack : The Pentecost. I don’t know what the Pentecost is. Mom never explained it to me. I guess it’s when the world ends. And fellas like you and me, we march off to hell. Ennis : Speak for yourself. You may be a sinner. But I ain’t yet had the opportunity.

(In the night)

Ennis : I’m gonna go up to the sheep now Jack : No i’m. You can’t hardly stand. It’s to late to go them sheep. Ennis : Well, you got an extra blanket? I’ll just roll out op here, grabs 40 winks, and I’ll ride out at first light.

Jack : You’ll freeze your ass off when that fire dies down. Ennis : Oh that’s good Jack : You’re better off sleepin’ in the tent. Ennis..! Ennis : What? Jack : Just quit your yammerin’ and get in here.

(Next day)

Jack : See you for supper Ennis : This is a one-shot thing we got goin’ on here. Jack : It’s nobody bussiness but ours

58 Ennis : You know i ain’t queer Jack : Me neither.

Aguirrre : Your uncle Harold is in the hospital with pneumonia. Doc’s don’t expect he’ll make it. Your ma sent me to tell you. So here I am.

Jack : Bad news. There ain’t nothin’ I can do about it up here, I guess. Aguirre : There’s not much you can do about it down there, neither. Not unless you can cure pneumonia.

Ennis : Them sheep will drift if i don’t get back up there tonight. Jack : You’ll get pitched off your mount in a strom like this Ennis : You’ll wish you hadn’t tried it! Jack : Lebih baik jangan It’s too cold! Close it up! Ennis : What are we suppose to do now, huh? Jack : Get on in there, and untangle ‘em Chilean sheep out of ours, I guess.

Ennes : We gotta try. The least we can do is get the count right for Aguirre. Jack : Fuck Aguirre..! Ennis : Yeah, fuck Aguirre. What if we need to work for him again? You think of that? We gotta stick this out, Jack. Ennis : You’ll run them sheep off again if you don’t quite down.

Ennis : What are you doing? Jack : Aguirre came by again. Says my uncle didn’t die after all. Says bring ‘em down. Ennis : Why? It’s the middle of August? Jack : Says there’s a storm comin’ , movin’ in from the pacific. Worse than this one

Ennis : That snow barely stuck an hour, huh? Besides that son of the bitch, he’s cuttin’ us a whole month’s pay. It ain’t right? Jack : Well, i can spare you a loan, bud, if you’re short on cash. Give it to you. When we got the signal. Ennis : I don’t need your money, huh. You know I ain’t in the poorhouse, shit! Jack : All right.

Jack : You gonna do this again next summer? Ennis : Well, maybe not. Like I said, me and Alma is getting’ married in November so, I’ll try to get somethin’ on a ranch, I guess. And you? Jack : Might go up to my daddy’s place and give him a hand through the winter. I might be back. If the army don’t get me, well, I guess I’ll see you around, huh?

Ennis : See u Jack : Right..

(Ennis crying) Ennis : What the fuck are you lookin’ at, huh? Minister : And forgive us out trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. Lead us not into temptation but deliver us from devil. For thine is kingdom, the power and the glory, forever. Amen. Under the power vested in me. I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss the bride. And if you don’t, I will.

Ennis : You all right? no Alma : Stop. No please don’t

Timmy : My old lady’s tryin’ to get me to quit this job. She says I’m getting’ too old to be breakin’ my back shovelin’ asphalt. I told her strong back and weak minds runs in the family. She didn’t think that was too funny. I told her it keeps me fit.

(Movie is playing)

59 Aguirre : Well, look what the wind blew in? Jack : Hi Mr. Aguirre.. i was wonderin’ if you was needin’ any help this summer Aguirre : You’re westin’ your time here Jack : What, you ain’t got nothin’? nothin’ up on Brokeback? Aguirre : I ain’t got no work for you Jack : Ennis Del Mar, ain’t beer around, has he? Aguirre : You boys sure found a way to make the time pass up there. Twist, you guys wasn’t getting’ paid to leave the dogs baby-sit the sheep. While you stemmed the rose. Now get the hell out of my trailer.

(In Ennis’s House)

Ennis : How my girls doing? Alma : All right, jenny’s still got a runny nose. Alma : Ennis, cold you wipe Alma Jr.’s nose? Ennis : If i had three hands, i could. Come here. Come here. Alma : Girls all right.

Ennis : Yeah. Jenny stopped her coughin’. I think I should the girls into town this weekend. Get ‘em an ice cream, somethin’ . Alma : Can’t we move to town? I’m tired of this lonesome old ranches. No one’s around for junior to play with. Beside, I’m scared for Jenny, scared if she has another one of ‘em bad asthma spells.

Ennis : No, rent in town is too high. Alam : There’s a cheap place in Riverton, over the Laundromat. I bet I could fix it up real nice. Ennis : I bet you could fix this place up real nice if you want it to. Alma : I know you’d like it too, real home, other kids for the girls to play with. Not so lonely like you were raised. You don’t want ‘em to be so lonely, do you? Ennis : Yeah..

(At the Circus)

Announcer : Let ’er rip and snort, boys, Jack Twist hangin’ on for dear life. And down he goes. Watch there, fella. He’s comin’ for you. Send in the clowns! Okay, a fine ride by Mr. Twist. Shit! Four second for him. Give ‘em a hands, folks. Our very own rodeo clowns!

(In A Bar)

Jack : Give us a beer, Doug. I’d like to buy jimbo here a beer. Best damn rodeo clown I’ve ever work with. Man 1 : No, thank’s cowboy. If i was too let every rodeo hand, I pulled a bull off of buy me liquor, I’d have been a alcoholic long ago. Pullins’ bull off of you. Buckaroos is just my job. So save your money for next entry fee, cowboys. Waiter : You ever try calf ropin’? Jack : Do I look like I can afford a fuckin’ ropin’ horse?

(At A Circus)

Ennis : Shouldn’t we move a little closer? Alma : No. Come on. Let’s don’t. Jenny’ll get scared. Man 1 : Look at this crowd. Bound to be a lot pussy on the hoof in the crowd like this. All swelled up with patriotic feeling. And ready to be humped like a frog.

Man 2 : So, where do you figure the most pussy is at? Las Vegas or California? Man 1 : Hell i don’t know but if you make it between Montana and Wyoming, I’d take Wyoming. Ennis : Hey! You might want to keep it down. I got two little girls here. Man 1 : Fuck you, asshole Man 2 : Problaly quit givin’ it to his wife after his kids was born. Alma : Ennis, let’s move. Let’s just move, okay Ennnis : Now, I don’t want any trouble from you. You need to shut your slop-bucket mouths, you hear me.

60 Man 1 : You ought to listen to your old lady, then Ennis : Is that right? Man 2 : Yeah, move somewhere else Ennis : What about it? You wanna lose about half your fuckin’ teeth, huh? Man 2 : Not tonight bud, Id sure rather not.

Announcer : Here she comes, ladies and gentlemen, oh, boy look at her fly! This is Lureen Newsome from right here in Childress, Texas. Come on, folks. She’s gotta hear it, let’s give her a big hands! She’s turning on two! She’s around there! Come on, folks! Help her home! Come on, come on. And the time is 16 and 9. Here is Cheyenne Hodson from Cody, Wyoming! Come on, girls, she’s headed around two.

(In A Bar)

Jack : Kau kenal gadis itu? You know that girl? Waiter : I sure do. Lureen newsome. Her dad sells farm equipments. I mean big farm equipment. $ 100,000 tractors, shit like that. Lureen : What are you waitin’ for, cowboy? A mattin’ call?

(In A Car)

Lureen : Oh wait, hold on. You don’t think i’m too fast, do you? Maybe we should put the brakes on? Jack : Fast or slow, I just like the direction you’re goin’

(In A Supermarket)

Ennis : Hi Monroe.. Monroe : Hi… Ennis : Is Alma here? Monroe : Yeah, she is in the condiment aisle Ennis : What? Monroe : ketchup Ennis : Thank you Alma : Hey honey, what are y’all doing here?

Ennis : Big hurry, my boss called me. Well, he wants me to go up to the ranch. I guess all the heifers must’ve decided. The calve at the same time. I figured I could drop the girls off with you. Alam : Ennis... I got a million things. I gotta do here before I can leave. I don’t get off for another three ours. Alma Jr : Mama, I need crayons Alma : Not now, Alma, Ennis.. please, you promised you’d take them tonight. Ennis : Alma, I can’t afford not to be there when the heifers calve. Right, it’d be my job if I lose any of ‘em.

Alma : What about my job. Okay, all right, i’ll call my sister. I’ll see if she can take ‘em. Ennis : All right, you be a good girls for your mama, all right. I’ll be half the night. Bring home some ground steaks if you think of it

Alma : Monroe.. i’m so sorry Monroe : It’s okay. It’s okay, Alma. Alam : I’ll clean this up just as soon as I call my sister. To come get the girls. Monroe : Really Alma, it’s okay. I’ll get it Alma : Alma, come with me Monore : Watch your feet.

(In Luren’s House)

61 Luren’s dad : Honey, got a surprised for you Luren’s mom : I got two whole boxes of formula for you. You did. 120 cans Luren : 120? Luren’s mom : Where did you put ’em? Luren’s dan : Oh, hell. Back seat of the car. Where I left ‘em. Rodeo can get ‘em. Luren’s mom : LD, I can already see who little Bobby looks like Luren’s dan : Good job, little girl, he’s the spittin’ image of his grandpa.

(In Ennis’s House)

Ennnis : Hey honey Alma : Hey ennis, you know somebody, name of Jack? Ennis : Maybe, why? Alma :’cause you get a postcard. It come general delivery. Is he somebody you cowboyed with, or what?

Ennis : No, Jack. He’s rodeo. Mostly. We was fishin’ buddies Alma : Maybe we could a baby-sitter, huh? Take your friend to the Knife or Fork? Ennis : No, Jack ain’t the restaurant type. We’ll more likely just go out and get drunk. That’s if he shows.

Alma : Okay, we take one more bite. And then you’re finished with dinner. All right, you’re excused. Ennnis : Jack fuckin’ Twist.. son of bitch Ennis : Alma, this is Jack, Jack this is my wife, Alma Jack : Hi.. Alma : Hi.. Jack : You got a kid? Ennis : Yeah, i got two little girls. Alma Jr. and Jenny Jack : I got a boy Ennis : Really?

Jack : Eight months old. Smiles a lot. I married the prettiest little gal in Childress, Texas. Lureen Ennis : So, me and Jack. Were gonna head out and get ourselves a drink. Yeah? Alam : Sure enough Jack : Pleased to meet you ma’am

Ennis : We might not get back tonight. When we get to drinkin’ and talkin’ and all Alma : Ennis.. would you get me a pack of smokes? Ennis : If you need smokes, Alma, they are in the top pocket of my blue shirt. There in the bedroom

(In The Motel) Jack : Four years, damn! Ennis : Yeah, four years. Didn’t think i’d hear from you again. I figure you were sore from that punch. Jack : Right next summer, i drove back up to Brokeback. Talked to Aguirre about job. And, he told me you hadn’t been back. So I left. We down to Texas for rodeoin’. That’s how I met Lureen. Made $ 2,000 that year. Bull riddin’. Nearly starved. Lureen’s old man makes serious money, farm machines business. Of courses, he hate my guts.

Ennis : And the army didn’t get you? Jack : No, too busted up, and rodeoin’ ain’t what it was in my daddy’s day. Got out while I could still walk. Swear to God, I didn’t know we was goin’ to get into this again. Yes I did. I red-lined it all the way. I couldn’t get here fast enough. What about you?

Ennis : Me, i don’t know? Jack : Old Brokeback got us good, don’t it? What are we gonna do now? Ennis : I doubt there’s nothin’ we can do. So now I’m stuck with what I got here. Makin’ a livin’ is about all I got time for now.

62 Ennis : Well, me and Jack is headed up the mountain for a day or two. Do ourselves a little fishin’ Alma : You know your friend could come inside, have a cup of coffee Ennis : Well, he’s from Texas Alma : Texans don’t drink coffee? You sure that foreman won’t fire you for takin’ off? Ennis : You know, that foreman, he owes me. I worked through a blizzard last Christmas. You remember that? Besides, I’ll only be a couple of days. Jenny : Bring fish daddy, a big one Ennis : See you Sunday, latest Jack : I’m starvin’. Want to get somethin’ to eat? Ennis : yup

(In A Mountain)

Jack : Is there anythin’ interstin’ up there in heave? Ennis : Well, i was just sending up a prayer of thank’s Jack : For what? Ennis : For you forgettin’ to bring that harmonica. I’m enjoying the peace and quiet.

Jack : You know it could be like this. Just like this, always. Ennis : Yeah, how do you figure that?

Jack : What if you and me had a little ranch somewhere. A little cow and calf operation? It’d be s sweet life. I mean, hell Lureen’s old man, you bet he’d give me a down payment to get lost. I mean, he more or less already said it.

Ennis : No, I told you. It ain’t gonna be that way. You know you got your wife and baby in Texas. You know I got my life in Riverton. Jack : Is that so. You and Alma, that’s a life?

Ennis : Now you shut up about Alma. This is ain’t her fault. The bottom line is we’re around each other and this thing grab hold of us again in the wrong place, in the wrong time, and we’re dead. I tell you, there were these two old guys ranched up together down home. Earl and Rich. And they was a joke in town. Even though they were pretty tough old birds. Anyway they found Earl dead in an irrigation ditch. They took a tire iron on him, spurred him up, and drug him around by his dick till it pulled off.

Jack : You seen this? Ennis : Yeah, I was what? Nine years old. My daddy, he made sure me and my brother seen it. Hell, for all I know, he done the job. Two guys living together? No way! Now we can get together once in a while way the hell out in the middle of nowhere.

Jack : Once in a while, every four fuckin’ years? Ennis : Well, if you can’t fix it, Jack. You gotta stand it Jack : For how long?

Ennis : As long as we can ride it. There ain’t no reins on this one.

Next day (in the house)

Ennis : Where the hell do you think you’re going? Alma : To work Ennis : I thought you had the day off Alma : Well, you thought wrong. Ennis : The girls need to be fed. Alma : Well, you take care of it Ennis : Alma.. Alma : Suppers on the stove Ennis : No ones eatin’ unless you’re servin’ it Alma : I already promised i’d take the extra shift Ennis : Fucking tell ’em. You made a mistake, then. You girls need to push or somethin’? Ennis’s kids : No.

63 (In Ennis’s house)

Alma : Ennis, they got an opening over at the power company. Might be good pay. Ennis : Well, as clumsy as i am. I’d probably get electrocuted Jenny : Daddy, the church picnic’s next week end. Will you be back from fishing by next week end? Please, daddy, please! Ennis : Well, all right. As long as i don’t have to sing. Alma : You forgettin’ somethin’?

Jack : You’re late Alma : It’s Saturday night, you know. We could still smarten up and head on over to the church social.

Priest : The two minor children, Alma Del Mar Jr. and Jennifer Del Mar is awarded to plaintiff. Defendant is ordered to pay child support to plaintiff in the sum of $ 125 per month for each of the minor children. Until they reach the age of 18 years. Del Mar divorced, this sixth day, of November 1975.

Ennis : What are you doin’ here, huh? Jack : I got your messages about your divorced. Come here. Well, here’s Jack. Jack, these are my little girls. That’s Alma and Jenny, say hi girls.

Alma & Jeny : Hi.. Jack : I got your card that the divvorce come through. Yeah. So here I am. I had to ask about 10 different people in Riverton. Where you had move to? I guess I though that this means you.. Ennis : No, Jack. I don’t know what to say. See I got the girls this week end and. I’m sure as hell sorry. You know I’m. see, I only get them once a month, and I missed last month. So, I just.. because of the roundup. So.. yeah, well, all right. Jack, I’ll see you next month, then.

(At the dining table)

Luren’s : Here we go Jack : Here we are Luren’s dad : Whoa there, rodeo, the srud duck do the carvin’ around here. Luren : Bobby, if you don’t eat the dinner, I’m gonna have to turn off that television Bobby : Why, mama? I’m gonna be eating this food for the next two weeks. Jack : Hey, you heard your mama. You finish your meal, and then you can watch the game

Luren : Daddy.. Luren’s dad : Hell, we don’t eat with our eyes. You want your boy to grow up to be a man, don’t you, daughter? Boys should watch football. Jack : Not, until he finishes eating the meal. That his mama took three ours to fix. Now you sit down, you old son of bitch! This is my house, this is my child, and you are my guest, now you sit down. Before I knock your ignorant ass into next week

(In A Mountain)

Ennis : You should see Luren Punchin numbers in her adding machine, hunting for extra zero, her eyes gettin’ smaller and smaller. Jack : It’s like watchin’ a rabbit tryin’ to squeeze into a snake hole with a coyote on its tail Ennis : Itu hiburan tingkat tinggi, jika kau menayakana padaku That’s some high class entertainment,if you ask me. Jack : For what it’s worth

Ennis : You and Lureen, it’s normal and all? Jack : sure Ennis : She don’t ever suspect? You ever get the feelin’ , I don’t know.. when you’re in town, and someone looks at you suspicious, like he knows. Then you go out on the pavements and everyone’s lookin’ at you like they all know too?

64 Jack : Well, maybe you ought to get out of there, you know? Find yourself someplace different, maybe Texas. Ennis : Texas? Sure and maybe you can convince Alma to let you and Lureen adopt the girls. Then we could just live together, herdin’ sheep. And it’ll rain money from LD Newsome. And whiskey will flow in the stream. Jack, that real smart. Jack : Go to hell, Ennis Del Mar. You wanna live your miserable fucking life? Then go right ahead. Fine, I was just thinkin’ out loud. Ennis : Yup, you’re real thinker. God damn.

(In A Pub)

Ennis : Hey there junior, you ready? Cassie : What do you think? You daddy ever gonna see fit to settle down again? Alma Jr : Don’t know. Maybe he’s not the marying kind. Cassie : You don’t think so? Or you don’t think i’m the one for him? Alma Jr : You’re good enough. Cassie : You don’t say much. But you get your point accorss. Alam Jr : Sorry, i didn’t mean to be rude. Cassie : You’re stayin’ on your feet cowboy.. Ennis : Excuse me, darling.

(In A Car)

Ennis : So i’ll pick you and Jenny up next week end after church, Alam Jr : fine Ennis : You all right? Alam Jr : yes Ennis : Are you sure? Alam Jr : Daddy, i was thinking, what with the new baby and all ma and Monroe have been awful strict on me. More on me then Jenny even. I was thinkin’ maybe I could. Maybe I could came stay with you. I’d be an awful good help. I know I would. Ennis : Now, you know i ain’t set up for that. With the roundup comin’. I won’t ever be home.

Alma Jr : It’s all right daddy. Ennis : I’m not sayin’ that i wouldn’t Alma Jr : It’s all right, i understand Ennis : Well, see you on Sunday, then. Alma Jr : bye Ennis : Bye, sweetheart.

(In A Mountain)

Jack : Going to snow tonight for sure Ennis : yup Jack : All this time and you ain’t found nobody else to marry? Ennis : I’ve been puttin’ the blocks to a good-lookin’ little gal over in Riverton. She’s a waitress. Wants to go to nursing school or somethin’. I don’t know. What about you and Lureen?

Jack : Lureen’s good at making hard deals in the machinery business, but as far as our marriage goes, we could do it over the phone. I kind of got this thing going with a ranch foreman’s wife over the Rutters.

Ennis : What? Jack : I’m bound to get shot by Lureen or her husband each time I slip off to see her. Ennis : You probably deserve it. Jack : Tell you what, the truth is, sometimes I miss you so much, I can’t hardly stand it.

Jack : I guess i’ll head up on to Lightning Flat. See the folk for a day or two. Ennis : There somethin’ i’ve been meanin’ to tell you, bud. Well, it’s likely November before I can come out here again after we ship stocks and before winter feedin’ starts again

65 Jack : November. What in the hell ever happened to august? Christ, Ennis. You know, you had a fucking week to say some little about this? Why is it we’re always in the friggin’ cold? We ought to go south where it’s warm, you know? We ought to go to Mexico.

Ennis : Mexico? Hell, Jack. You know me. About all the travellin’ I ever done. Is around a coffee pot. Looking for the handle. Come on, Jack. Lighten up on me. We can hunt in November. Kill us a nice elk. I’ll try if I can get. Don’t Wroe’s cabin again. We had a good time that year, didn’t we? Jack : There’s never enough time, never enough. You know friend, this is a goddamn bitch of an unsatisfactory situation. You used to come away easy. Now, it’s like seeing the pope.

Ennis : Jack, i got to work. In them earlier days, I’d just quit the job. You forget what it’s like bein’ broke all the time. You ever hear of child support? I’ll tell you this, I can quit this one, and I can’t get the time off. It was hard enough getting’ this time. The trade-off was august. Well, you gotta a better idea?

Jack : I did, once. Ennis : You did once. Well, have you been to Mexico, Jack Twist? ‘cause I hear what they got in Mexico for boys like you. Jack : Hell, yes. I have been to Mexico. Is that a fucking problem? Ennis : I’m going to tell you this one time, Jack Fucking Twist. And I ain’t fullin’. What I don’t know, all them things that I don’t know. Could get you killed if I come to know them. I ain’t jokin’ .

Jack : Yeah, well try this one, and i’ll say it just once.. Ennis : Go ahead Jack : I’ll tell you what, we could have had a good life together. Fucking real good life. Had us a place of our own. But you didn’t want it Ennis. So what we got now is Broback Mountain! Everything’s built on that! That’s all we got, boy. Fucking all. So I hope you know that, if you don’t ever know the rest! God damn it, you count the damn few times that we have been together in nearly 20 years. And you measure the sort fucking leash you keep me on and then you ask me about Mexico and you tell me you’ll kill me..for needin’ somethin’ I don’t hardly never get! You have no idea how bad it gets! And I’m not you! I can’t make it on a couple of high-altitude fucks once or twice a year! You are too much for me, Ennis! You son of whoreson bitch! I wish I knew how to quit you!

Ennis : Then why don’t you.. why don’t you just let me be, huh? It’s because of you Jack. That I’m like this. I’m nothin’.. I’m nowhere.. get the fuck off me.. Jack : It’s okay. It’s all right. It’s all right. Damn you, Ennis.. Ennis : I just can’t stand this anymore, Jack.

Ennis : Come on now, you’re sleepin’ on your feet like a horse. My mama used to say that to me when I was little. And sing to me. I got to go. See you in the morning. (In A Pub)

Cassie : Hey, Ennis Del Mar, where have you been? Ennis : Here and there Cassie : I left word for you with Steve at the ranch. And you must’ve got those notes I left at your place. Ennis : Looks like i got the messages, in any case. Cassie : Carl? Yeah, Carl nice. He even talks

Ennis : Good for you. Cassie : Yeah. Good for me. I don’t get you Ennis Del Mae Ennis : I’m sorry. I was probably no fun anyways, was I? Cassie : Ennis, girls don’t fall in live with fun.

(Ennis calling)

Luren : Hello Ennis : Hello. This is Ennis Del Mar Luren : Who? Who is this?

66 Ennis : Ennis Del Mar, i’m an old buddy of Jack’s Luren : Jack used to mention you. You’re the fishing buddy or the hunting buddy, I know that. Would have let you know what happened. But I wasn’t sure about your name or addresses. Jack kept his friends’ addresses in his head.

Ennis : That’s why I’m callin’ , to see what happened. Luren : when the tire blew up. the rim of the tire slammed into his face. Broke his nose and knocked him unconscious on his back. By the time somebody come along, he’d drowned in his own blood. He was only 39 years old. Hello? Hello?

Ennis : Was he buried down there? Luren : We put a stone up. He was cremated. Like he wanted. Half his ashes was interred here, the rest was send up with his folks. He used to say he wanted his ashes scattered on Brokeback Mountain. But I wasn’t sure where that was. I thought Brokback Mountain might be around where he grew up. knowing Jack, it might be some pretend place where bluebirds sing and there’s a whiskey spring.

Ennis : No ma’am. We was herdin’ sheep on Brokeback one summer back in ’63. Luren : Well, he said it was his favorite place. I thought he meant to get drunk. He drank a lot. Ennis : Is his folks still up in Lightning Flat? Luren : They’ll be there until the day they die Ennis : Thank you for your time. I am sure am sorry. We was good friends. Luren : Get in touch with his folks. I supposed they’d appreciate it if his wishes was carried out. About the ashes, I mean.

(In Jack’s House)

Jack’s mom : Want a cup of coffee, don’t you? Piece of cherry cake? Ennis : Yes, ma’am i’ll have a cup of coffee. But I can’t eat no cake just now. Thank you. I feel awful bad about Jack. Tahnk you. I can’t begin to tell you how bed I feel. I knew him a long time. I come by to say that if you want me to take his ashes up there on Broback..like his wife said, he wanted to, then I’ll be happy to

Jack’s dad : I’ll tell you what, I know where Brokeback Mountain is. Thought he was too goddamn special to be buried in the family plot, Jack used to say, ‘Ennis Del Mar’, he used to say. I’m gonna bring him up here ones of these days. And we’ll lick this damn ranch into shape. He had some half-baked notion. The two of you was gonna move up here. Build a cabin, help run the place. Then, this spring he got another fella gonna come up here with him. Build the place. Help run the ranch. Some ranch neighbor of his from down on Texas. Gonna split up with his wife and come back here, so he says. But, like most of Jack’s ideas never come to pass. Jack’s mom : I kept his room like it was when he was a boy. I think he appreciated that. You are welcome to go up to his room, if you want. Ennis : Yes, i’d like that. Thank you. Jack’s dad : Tell you what, we got a family plot. He’s goin’ in it. Ennis : Yes, sir Jack’s mom : You come back and see us again

(In Ennis House)

Ennis : Hey there, junior Alma Jr : Hey daddy Ennis : come Alma : Like the car? Ennis : Yeah, is it yours? Alma Jr : It’s Kurts Ennis : I thought you were seein’ Troy Alma Jr : Troy? Daddy that was two years ago. Ennis : Troy still playing baseball?

67 Alma Jr : I don’t know what he is doing. I’m seein’ Kurt now Ennis : Well, what does Kurt do? Alma Jr : Works out in the oil fields. Ennis : So he is a roughneck, huh? Alma Jr : yeah Ennis : I guess you’re 19, you can do whatever you want. Isn’t that right. Alma Jr : Sure. Daddy, you need more furniture? Ennis : Yeah. Well, if you got nothin’ you don’t need nothin’. So, what the occation?

Alma Jr : Me and Kurt? We’re getting married Ennis : Well. So, how long have you known this guy for? Alam Jr : About a year. Our wedding will be june 5, at the Methodist church. Jenny will be singing and Monroe is gonna cater the reception. Ennis : Now this Kurt fella.. he loves you? Alma Jr : Yeah daddy. He loves me. We hopin’ you’d be there. Ennis : Yeah. I thinking I’m supposed to be on a roundup down near the Teton. You know what? I reckon they can find themselves in a new cowboy. My little girls getting married. To Alma and Kurt.

Ennis : Jack, I swear..

************

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