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9. Geological Age of the Cretaceous Trigonia- Sandstone of Japan

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9. Geological Age of the Cretaceous Trigonia- Sandstone of Japan 20 [Vol. 2, 9. Geological Age of the Cretaceous Trigonia- Sandstone of Japan. By Hisakatsu YABE M.LA. Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. (Rec. Nov. 1, 1925. Comm. Dec. 12,192-5.) Recent geological and palaeontological studies of S. SUIMIzU and T. NAGANOof our Institute ofGeology and Palaeontology, and of S. YEHARAof the Third High School (Kyoto) give us data pertaining to the geological age of the Cretaceous deposits of Japan, usually known under the collective name of" Trigonia Sandstone." As it seems worth while to give a brief summary of recentprogress on the subjectbefore a final solution may be reached, the following memoranda, basedupon the discussions held one day among SHIMIZUand NAGAO,and YABE, have been prepared. I. The Trigonia-Sandstone'' of the Ishikari coal-field in Hokkaido has an important fossil zone near its base; it is well exposed along the gorge of the Ikushumbets, above the coal mines bearingthe same name. This Zone of Acanthoceras asiatica or Trigonia longiloba is certainly Ceno- manian in age, as has been maintained by YABE for some twenty years ; Acanthoceras asiatica JIMB6 (=A . rhotoynage)isevar. asiatica JIMBO)2)is the east Asiatic representative of European A. rhotomagense DEFR. An ammonite bed lying beneath the Zone of Acanthoceras asiatica and constituting the top-bed of theLower Ammonites Beds') is Gault i n age : Inflaticeras imaii YABE and SxIM1zu4' collected by H . IMAI in this b ed from the Yubari district gives a support to this correlatio n. The greater parts ofthe Lower Ammonites Beds, the lenses of Orbitolina- 1) H. YABE: Cretaceous Cephalopoda from the Hokk aido pt. I. Jour. Coll. Sci. T okyo, 18, art. 2 (1903), 5. H . YABE: Zur Stratigraphie and Palaeontologie der oberen Kreide von Hokkaido and Sachlin . Z. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell ., (1909), 406-408.K 2) . JI :so : Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna de r Kreideformation von Hokk aido. PalaeontologischeAbhandlungen , neue Folge 2, Ht. 3, (1894,)177, pl. XX . 1, 1 a. ., figs 3) H. YABE: Zur Stratigraphie , 407.M 4) s. nom.; to be describedin H . YABE and S. SxnMizu : Japanese Cretaceous Ammonites belonging to Prionotropidae , 11. No. 1.] Geological Age of the Cretaceous Trigonia-Sandstone of Japan. 21 limestone" inclusive, are consequently older than the Gault. Almost contemporaneous with the Trigonia Sandstone of Hokkaido are a) the Suhara Series of the province of Kii, which is mostly com- posed of shale and contains Acanthoceras sp.,6) and b) anotherseries of thin bedded sandstone and shale, in alternation, in the valley of Monobe- gawa in the province of Tosa, from which Puzosia denisoniana STOL.T has been described ‡U. The Cretaceous of Miyako district," in the Kitakami Moun- tainland, is about 600 m. thick, and contains Trigonia hokkaidoana YEIIARA in nearly all its parts; this species occurs alsoin the Trigonia- Sandstone of Hokkaido. Several species or varieties of Orbitolina are abundant especially in the middle part of the Miyako Cretaceous; one of them is quite identical with the species composing the Orbitolina- limestone of Hokkaido. Trigonia Kikuchiana YoK. occurs in the lower part and the uppermost part of the complx; this is a species rather frequant in the Trigonia-Sandstone of the outer zone of S.W. Japan, but not yet known from Hokkaido. Altough the possibility of the uppermost or upper part of the Miyako Cretaceous being Cenomanian orGault in age is by no means excluded, there is almost no doubt about its greater parts being older than the Gault. ‡V. The Trigonia-Sandstone of Choshi Peninsulacontains am- monites belonging to the genera Cheloniceras, Crioceras(?) and Ancyloceras; the fossiliferous part is believedto be Lower Aptian inage. ‡W. Trigonia-Sandstone also exists on the smallislet Oshima near Kesennuma in the province of Rikuzen, and in the so-called Sanchfi geological ditch or graben of the Kwanto Mountainland ; intercalating a fossil bed with Crioceras of the duvali group, the Trigonia-Sandstone of these districts, at leastin its fossiliferous part, is Barremian-Hauterivian in age. In the Sanchu Graben, the zone contains, besides, Desmoceras (s.s.), Toxoceras (?), Trigonia hoklcaidoana YEHARA,TT pocilliformis YoK., 5) H. YABE: Cretaceous Cephalopoda, pt. I., 5. H. YABE and S. YEHARA: The Cretaceous Deposits of Miyako. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geology), I, (1913,) 21. 6) H. YABE: Note on Some Cretaceous Fossils from Anaga on the Island of Awaji and Toyajo inthe Province of Kii. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geology), 4, (1915,) 22. 7) H. YABE : Ein never Ammonitenfunde aus der Trigoniasandstein-Gruppe von Provinz Tosa. Ibid., I, (1914). 22 H. YABE. [Vol.2, Gervilleia forbesiana D'ORB., G. haradae (YOK.); 8) also on the islet Oshima, there exsists a bed with Trigonia hokkaidoana and Gervilleia haradae in a close stratigraphical connexion with the containing Crioceras. Further, there is a Trigonia-Sand stone with Trigonia hokkaidoana and Gervilleia haradae in Matsusaki-mura, Kesen-gori, province of Rikuzen; this belongs to the same stage as the other two, mentioned above. In the Sanchu Graben, the Trigonia-Sandstone isunderlaid by Ryoseki Series,10)which comprises plant bed as well as Cyrena bed. While the plant bed exposed in Hachimanzawa, not far from Kagahara southward, contains Zamiophyltum buchianum Ett. and other Wealden plants, the Cyrena bed exposed near Ohinata, the locality of a shale with Crioceras of the duvali group and many other mollusca , contains Cyrena naurnanni NEUMAYRand many other brackish-water mollusca . Cyrena -naunzanni`is aspecies previously recorded only from the con- temporaneous deposit of Yanagidani, opposite Masaki , in the valley of the Katsuragawa, province of Awa (Shikoku). A quitesimilar succession of Cretaceous rocks, often with additional younger and older members , i s prevailing in the outer zone of S.W. Japan. Thus, J. TAKAHASHI distinguished the Senonian Toyajo-, Cenomanian Suhara and an older Yoshihara Series in the Cretaceous field lying south of Wakayama , province of Kii; 12)his Yoshihara Series comprises Trigonia-sandstone with Trigonia pocilliformis and T Kikuchiana and overlies the Ryoseki Series, which in its turn lies upon a series ofsandstone and shale , with occasional hornstone layers , and intercalating lenses of Torinosu lime- stone18)at its upper part . The same sequence of Cretaceous deposits is 8) H. YABE and S. YERARA : The Cretaceous D eposits of Miyako. Ibid .) S. YEnARA : The Cretaceous Trigoniae from Mi ., 1, (1913 yako and Hokkaido. Ibid., 2, (1915 .) 9) Described by M. YOKOYAMAas a species of A vicula in" Versteinerungen aus d er japanischen Kreide." Palaeontographica , 36 (1890,) 199, p1. XXV., fig. 12. 10) M. Yox0YAMA: Mesozoic Plants from Kozuk e, Kii, Awa and Tosa . Sci. Tokyo, (1894.) . Jour. Coll 11) E. NAUMANNand M. NEUMAYR: ZurGeologie andPalaeontologie von Japan . Denksch . d. k. Akad. d. Wiss., Wien , 52, 33, p1. IV., figs. 3,4. 12) H. YABE: Note on Some Cretaceous Fossils f rom Anaga, 13. 13) E. NAUMANNand M. NEUMAYR: ZurGeologie and Palaeontol ogie. T.HARADA : DiejapanischenInseln , (1890), 95, Outline of the Geology of Japan , published by theGeologicalSurvey ImperialofJa pan, 2nd ed., (1902), 59. No. l.] Geological Age of the Cretaceous Trigonia-Sandstone of Japan. 23 recorded also from the valley of Katsura-gawa in the province of Awa (Shikoku) the valley of Monobe-gawa, and Ryoseki and Sakawa districts in the province of Tosa. In the valley of Monobe-gawa, the Cretaceous rocks are, according to T. IKi,"4)partly upturned, and Cenomanian bed with Pazosia denison.iana STOL.is reported by YEHARA'r')to lie apparently below the older, Trigonia-Sandstone. At Yokose-Tachikawa, along the Katsura-gawa, a thin reddish shale has lately been observed by NAGAO and YABE to be intercalated either in thelowest part of the Trigonia- Sandstone with Trigonia pocilliformis and T. kilcuchiana, or between the Trigonia-Sandstone and the underlying Ryoseki Series; a moderately thick complex of similar nature-composed of reddish shale and reddish sandstone, with occasional intercalations of reddish conglomerate is well exposed on the northwestern slope of the Shojidake ridge along the Oita-gawa in the province of Bungo, and insensibly passes upwards to a thick conglomerate, which is probably somewhat lower stratigraphic- ally thanthe Trigonia-Sandstone of Kofuji-mura, at 20 km. southwest."' The Goshonoura group"' of Goshonoura-jima, Amakusa Islands, is another example of Trigonia-Sandstone; it contains Trigonia kikuchiana and T pustulosa NAGAO(=T pociliformis of YEHARA,pars.) and may be equivalent to the same complex of Kofuji-mura, Bungo, and of Shikoku; it covers likewise a redcoloured formation. It may also be the same red formation which lies beneath the sandstone and shale group of Mifune district," south of Kumamoto, province of Higo ; the lattergroup is 14) T. La: Jurassic and Cretaceous of Tosa (Japanese). Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 4 (1888), 411. 15) S. YEBARA : Izumi Sandstone and Trigonia Sandstone (Japanese). "bid., 28 (1921), 224. 16) S. YEHARA: On the Izumi-Sandstone Group in the Onogawa Basin (Pron. Bungo) and the Same Group in Uwajima (Prov. Iyo). Jap. Jonr. Geol. and Geogr. 3 (1924), 29-31. YEHARAcorrelated his " Katagase Sandstone " with Trigonia daternasamunei YEHARA var., Callista cfr. planaSow., Inoceramus uwajimensis YEI"ARA with the Pa- chydiscus-Beds of Hokkaido. His Callistacfr. plana Sow. is identical with C. pseudoplana YABE and NAOAOvar. alata YABE and NAGAOfrom the Trigonia-Sandstone of Hokkaido and N. Saghalien, and the specimen of Inocerarnus uwajimensis derived fromn the sand- stone complex, figured, closely resembles f. cfr. percostatus MILLER from the Trigonia- Sandstone from Hokkaido and N. Saghalien . Callista pseudoplana and Inocerafnuscfr. percostatus are described by YABE and NAGAOin a paper on the Creaceous fauna of N. Saghalien, now in press. 17) T. NAGAO: Boundary between Mesozoic and Older-Tertiary Formations in Kyushu (Japanese).Jour. Geol. Soc . Tokyo, 31 (1924), 278.
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