Repeated Occurrence of Surface-Sediment Remobilization
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Structural Heterogeneity in and Around the Fold-And-Thrust Belt of The
Iwasaki et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2019) 71:103 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1081-z FRONTIER LETTER Open Access Structural heterogeneity in and around the fold-and-thrust belt of the Hidaka Collision zone, Hokkaido, Japan and its relationship to the aftershock activity of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake Takaya Iwasaki1* , Noriko Tsumura2, Tanio Ito3, Kazunori Arita4, Matsubara Makoto5, Hiroshi Sato1, Eiji Kurashimo1, Naoshi Hirata1, Susumu Abe6, Katsuya Noda7, Akira Fujiwara8, Shinsuke Kikuchi9 and Kazuko Suzuki10 Abstract The Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake (M 6.7) occurred on Sep. 6, 2018 in the southern part of Central Hokkaido, Japan. Since Paleogene, this region has experienced= the dextral oblique transpression between the Eurasia and North American (Okhotsk) Plates and the subsequent collision between the Northeast Japan Arc and the Kuril Arc due to the oblique subduction of the Pacifc Plate. This earthquake occurred beneath the foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the Hidaka Collision zone developed by the collision process, and is characterized by its deep focal depth (~ 37 km) and complicated rupture process. The reanalyses of controlled source seismic data collected in the 1998–2000 Hokkaido Transect Project revealed the detailed structure beneath the fold-and-thrust belt, and its relationship with the aftershock activity of this earthquake. Our refection processing using the CRS/MDRS stacking method imaged for the frst time the lower crust and uppermost mantle structures of the Northeast Japan Arc underthrust beneath a thick (~ 5–10 km) sedimentary package of the fold-and-thrust belt. Based on the analysis of the refraction/wide- angle refection data, the total thickness of this Northeast Japan Arc crust is only 16–22 km. -
Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy
Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara Mustapha Meghraoui, M. Ersen Aksoy, H Serdar Akyüz, Matthieu Ferry, Aynur Dikbaş, Erhan Altunel To cite this version: Mustapha Meghraoui, M. Ersen Aksoy, H Serdar Akyüz, Matthieu Ferry, Aynur Dikbaş, et al.. Pale- oseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, AGU and the Geochemical Society, 2012, 10.1029/2011GC003960. hal-01264190 HAL Id: hal-01264190 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01264190 Submitted on 1 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Article Volume 13, Number 4 12 April 2012 Q04005, doi:10.1029/2011GC003960 ISSN: 1525-2027 Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara Mustapha Meghraoui Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg (UMR 7516), F-67084 Strasbourg, France ([email protected]) M. Ersen Aksoy Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg (UMR 7516), F-67084 Strasbourg, France Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey Now at Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1750-129 Lisbon, Portugal H. -
Tracking Past Earthquakes in the Sediment Record Testing and Developing Submarine Paleoseismology in the Deep Sea (JTRACK‐Paleoseismology)
IODP Expedition 386: Japan Trench Paleoseismology TRACKing past earthquakes in the sediment record Testing and developing submarine Paleoseismology in the deep sea (JTRACK‐Paleoseismology) IODP Expedition 386: Japan Trench Paleoseismology Co‐Chief Scientists: Michael Strasser (University of Innsbruck, Austria) Ken Ikehara (Geological Survey of Japan, AIST) Expedition Project Manager: Jez Everest, British Geological Survey Lena Maeda, JAMSTEC (MarE3 Liasion) JpGU 2020 2020-07-12 Michi Strasser IODP Expedition 386: Japan Trench Paleoseismology Short historical and even shorter instrumental records limit our perspective of earthquake maximum magnitude and recurrence Examining prehistoric events preserved in the geological record is essential to understand long‐term history of giant earthquakes JpGU 2020 2020-07-12 Michi Strasser IODP Expedition 386: Japan Trench Paleoseismology “Submarine paleoseismology” is a promising approach to investigate deposits from the deep sea, where earthquakes leave traces preserved in stratigraphic succession. Submarine paleoseismology study sites (numbers) compiled during Magellan Plus Workshop in Zürich 2015 (McHugh et al., 2016; Strasser et al., 2016) JpGU 2020 2020-07-12 Michi Strasser IODP Expedition 386: Japan Trench Paleoseismology Challenges in Submarine Paleoseismology Can we distinguish different earthquake events and types from the sedimentary records? Is there an earthquake magnitude threshold for a given signal/pattern in the geological record? Does record sensitivity change by margin segmentation, sedimentation and/or through time? Can we link the sedimentary signal to the earthquake rupture characteristics? McHugh et al., 2016; Strasser et al., 2016) JpGU 2020 2020-07-12 Michi Strasser IODP Expedition 386: Japan Trench Paleoseismology IODP is uniquely positioned to provide data by coring sequences comprising continuous depositional conditions and records of earthquakes occurrence over longer time periods. -
Large Intermediate-Depth Earthquakes and the Subduction Process
80 Physics ofthe Earth and Planetary Interiors, 53 (1988) 80—166 Elsevier Science Publishers By., Amsterdam — Printed in The Netherlands Large intermediate-depth earthquakes and the subduction process Luciana Astiz ~, Thorne Lay 2 and Hiroo Kanamori ~ ‘Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA (U.S.A.) 2 Department of Geological Sciences, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, MI (USA.) (Received September 22, 1987; accepted October 21, 1987) Astiz, L., Lay, T. and Kanamori, H., 1988. Large intermediate-depth earthquakes and the subduction process. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 53: 80—166. This study provides an overview of intermediate-depth earthquake phenomena, placing emphasis on the larger, tectonically significant events, and exploring the relation of intermediate-depth earthquakes to shallower seismicity. Especially, we examine whether intermediate-depth events reflect the state of interplate coupling at subduction zones. and whether this activity exhibits temporal changes associated with the occurrence of large underthrusting earthquakes. Historic record of large intraplate earthquakes (m B 7.0) in this century shows that the New Hebrides and Tonga subduction zones have the largest number of large intraplate events. Regions associated with bends in the subducted lithosphere also have many large events (e.g. Altiplano and New Ireland). We compiled a catalog of focal mechanisms for events that occurred between 1960 and 1984 with M> 6 and depth between 40 and 200 km. The final catalog includes 335 events with 47 new focal mechanisms, and is probably complete for earthquakes with mB 6.5. For events with M 6.5, nearly 48% of the events had no aftershocks and only 15% of the events had more than five aftershocks within one week of the mainshock. -
Large and Repeating Slow Slip Events in the Izu-Bonin Arc from Space
LARGE AND REPEATING SLOW SLIP EVENTS IN THE IZU-BONIN ARC FROM SPACE GEODETIC DATA (伊豆小笠原弧における巨大スロー地震および繰り返し スロー地震の宇宙測地学的研究) by Deasy Arisa Department of Natural History Sciences Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University September, 2016 Abstract The Izu-Bonin arc lies along the convergent boundary where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea Plate. In the first half of my three-year doctoral course, I focused on the slow deformation on the Izu Islands, and later in the second half, I focused on the slow deformation on the Bonin Islands. The first half of the study, described in Chapter V, is published as a paper, "Transient crustal movement in the northern Izu–Bonin arc starting in 2004: A large slow slip event or a slow back-arc rifting event?". Horizontal velocities of continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations on the Izu Islands move eastward by up to ~1 cm/year relative to the stable part of the Philippine Sea Plate suggesting active back-arc rifting behind the northern part of the arc. We confirmed the eastward movement of the Izu Islands explained by Nishimura (2011), and later discussed the sudden accelerated movement in the Izu Islands detected to have occurred in the middle of 2004. I mainly discussed this acceleration and make further analysis to find out the possible cause of this acceleration. Here I report that such transient eastward acceleration, starting in the middle of 2004, resulted in ~3 cm extra movements in three years. I compare three different mechanisms possibly responsible for this transient movement, i.e. (1) postseismic movement of the 2004 September earthquake sequence off the Kii Peninsula far to the west, (2) a temporary activation of the back-arc rifting to the west dynamically triggered by seismic waves from a nearby earthquake, and (3) a large slow slip event in the Izu-Bonin Trench to the east. -
Fully-Coupled Simulations of Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Japan Trench, Nankai Trough, and Cascadia Subduction Zone
Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Fully-coupled simulations of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis in the Japan Trench, Nankai Trough, and Cascadia Subduction Zone Gabriel C. Lotto · Tamara N. Jeppson · Eric M. Dunham Abstract Subduction zone earthquakes can pro- strate that horizontal seafloor displacement is a duce significant seafloor deformation and devas- major contributor to tsunami generation in all sub- tating tsunamis. Real subduction zones display re- duction zones studied. We document how the non- markable diversity in fault geometry and struc- hydrostatic response of the ocean at short wave- ture, and accordingly exhibit a variety of styles lengths smooths the initial tsunami source relative of earthquake rupture and tsunamigenic behavior. to commonly used approach for setting tsunami We perform fully-coupled earthquake and tsunami initial conditions. Finally, we determine self-consistent simulations for three subduction zones: the Japan tsunami initial conditions by isolating tsunami waves Trench, the Nankai Trough, and the Cascadia Sub- from seismic and acoustic waves at a final sim- duction Zone. We use data from seismic surveys, ulation time and backpropagating them to their drilling expeditions, and laboratory experiments initial state using an adjoint method. We find no to construct detailed 2D models of the subduc- evidence to support claims that horizontal momen- tion zones with realistic geometry, structure, fric- tum transfer from the solid Earth to the ocean is tion, and prestress. Greater prestress and rate-and- important in tsunami generation. state friction parameters that are more velocity- weakening generally lead to enhanced slip, seafloor Keywords tsunami; megathrust earthquake; deformation, and tsunami amplitude. -
Coseismic Slip Model of Offshore Moderate Interplate Earthquakes on March 9, 2011 in Tohoku Using Tsunami Waveforms Tatsuya Kubo
1 Coseismic slip model of offshore moderate interplate earthquakes on March 9, 2 2011 in Tohoku using tsunami waveforms 3 Tatsuya Kubotaa*Ryota Hinoa, Daisuke Inazub1, Yoshihiro Itoc, Takeshi Iinumad, 4 Yusaku Ohtaa, Syuichi Suzukia, Kensuke Suzukid 5 a Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-6, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 6 Sendai 980-8578, Japan. 7 bU Tokyo Ocean Alliance, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 8 cDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan. 9 dJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan. 10 1Present address: Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science 11 and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. 12 13 E-mail addresses: 14 Tatsuya Kubota: [email protected] 15 Ryota Hino: [email protected] 16 Daisuke Inazu: [email protected] 17 (Present e-mail address: [email protected]) 18 Yoshihiro Ito: [email protected] 19 Takeshi Iinuma: [email protected] 20 Yusaku Ohta: [email protected] 21 Syuichi Suzuki: [email protected] 22 Kensuke Suzuki: [email protected] 23 *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 1 24 25 Abstract 26 We estimated the coseismic slip distribution associated with the Mw 7.2 and 6.5 27 foreshocks of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on analysis of the tsunami 28 waveform records obtained just above their focal areas. The results show that the main 29 rupture areas of each of the foreshocks do not overlap with each other, and show a 30 distribution that is complementary to the postseismic slip area of the first Mw 7.2 31 foreshock as well as to the epicenters of smaller earthquakes during foreshock activity. -
Earthquake Swarms and Slow Slip on a Sliver Fault in the Mexican Subduction Zone
Earthquake swarms and slow slip on a sliver fault in the Mexican subduction zone Shannon L. Fasolaa,1, Michael R. Brudzinskia, Stephen G. Holtkampb, Shannon E. Grahamc, and Enrique Cabral-Canod aDepartment of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056; bGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775; cDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467; and dInstituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México Edited by John Vidale, University of Southern California, and approved February 25, 2019 (received for review August 24, 2018) The Mexican subduction zone is an ideal location for studying a large amount of inland seismicity, including a band of intense subduction processes due to the short trench-to-coast distances seismicity occurring ∼50 km inland from the trench (Fig. 1A) that bring broad portions of the seismogenic and transition zones (19). SSEs and tectonic tremor have been well documented of the plate interface inland. Using a recently generated seismicity further inland from this seismicity band (Fig. 1A) (19, 24–28), catalog from a local network in Oaxaca, we identified 20 swarms suggesting this band marks the frictional transition on the plate of earthquakes (M < 5) from 2006 to 2012. Swarms outline what interface from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening (6). appears to be a steeply dipping structure in the overriding plate, Other studies have used shallow-thrust earthquakes to define the indicative of an origin other than the plate interface. This steeply downdip limit of the seismogenic zone in southern Mexico (29– dipping structure corresponds to the northern boundary of the 31), and this corresponds with where the seismicity band occurs Xolapa terrane. -
Presence of Interplate Channel Layer Controls of Slip During and After The
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Presence of interplate channel layer controls of slip during and after the 2011 Tohoku‑Oki earthquake through the frictional characteristics Ryoko Nakata1*, Takane Hori2, Seiichi Miura3 & Ryota Hino1 There are signifcant diferences between the middle and southern segments of the Japan Trench in terms of the seismic and aseismic slips on the plate interface and seismic velocity structures. Although the large coseismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku‑Oki earthquake was limited to the middle segment, the observed negative residual gravity anomaly area in the southern segment corresponds to the postseismic slip area of the Tohoku‑Oki earthquake. A density distribution model can explain the diferent slip behaviours of the two segments by considering their structural diferences. The model indicates that the plate interface in the south was covered with a thick channel layer, as indicated by seismic survey imaging, and this layer resulted in a residual gravity anomaly. Numerical simulations which assumed evident frictional heterogeneity caused by the layer in the south efciently reproduced M9 earthquakes recurring only in the middle, followed by evident postseismic slips in the south. This study proposes that although the layer makes the megathrust less compliant to seismic slip, it promotes aseismic slips following the growth of seismic slips on the fault in an adjacent region. Many studies which investigated the spatiotemporal distributions of various seismic and geodetic events and underground structures have demonstrated that there are conspicuous diferences between the middle and southern segments of the Japan Trench. Te shallow area of the coast of Fukushima Prefecture, i.e. -
A Possible Restart of an Interplate Slow Slip Adjacent to the Tokai Seismic Gap in Japan Shinzaburo Ozawa*, Mikio Tobita and Hiroshi Yarai
Ozawa et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2016) 68:54 DOI 10.1186/s40623-016-0430-4 FULL PAPER Open Access A possible restart of an interplate slow slip adjacent to the Tokai seismic gap in Japan Shinzaburo Ozawa*, Mikio Tobita and Hiroshi Yarai Abstract The Tokai region of Japan is known to be a seismic gap area and is expected to be the source region of the antici- pated Tokai earthquake with a moment magnitude of over 8. Interplate slow slip occurred from approximately 2001 and subsided in 2005 in the area adjacent to the source region of the expected Tokai earthquake. Eight years later, the Tokai region again revealed signs of a slow slip from early 2013. This is the first evidence based on a dense Global Positioning System network that Tokai long-term slow slips repeatedly occur. Two datasets with different detrending produce similar transient crustal deformation and aseismic slip models, supporting the occurrence of the Tokai slow slip. The center of the current Tokai slow slip is near Lake Hamana, south of the center of the previous Tokai slow slip. The estimated moments, which increase at a roughly constant rate, amount to that of an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.6. If the ongoing Tokai slow slip subsides soon, it will suggest that there are at least two different types of slow slip events in the Tokai long-term slow slip area: that is, a large slow slip with a moment magnitude of over 7 with undulating time evolution and a small one with a moment magnitude of around 6.6 with a roughly linear time evolution. -
Crustal Faults in the Chilean Andes: Geological Constraints and Seismic Potential
Andean Geology 46 (1): 32-65. January, 2019 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV46n1-3067 www.andeangeology.cl Crustal faults in the Chilean Andes: geological constraints and seismic potential *Isabel Santibáñez1, José Cembrano2, Tiaren García-Pérez1, Carlos Costa3, Gonzalo Yáñez2, Carlos Marquardt4, Gloria Arancibia2, Gabriel González5 1 Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotécnica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de San Luis, Ejercito de Los Andes 950, D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina. [email protected] 4 Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotécnica y Departamento de Ingeniería de Minería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] 5 Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile. [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The Chilean Andes, as a characteristic tectonic and geomorphological region, is a perfect location to unravel the geologic nature of seismic hazards. The Chilean segment of the Nazca-South American subduction zone has experienced mega-earthquakes with Moment Magnitudes (Mw) >8.5 (e.g., Mw 9.5 Valdivia, 1960; Mw 8.8 Maule, 2010) and many large earthquakes with Mw >7.5, both with recurrence times of tens to hundreds of years. By contrast, crustal faults within the overriding South American plate commonly have longer recurrence times (thousands of years) and are known to produce earthquakes with maximum Mw of 7.0 to 7.5. -
Mw9- Class Earthquakes Versus Smaller Earthquakes and Other Driving Mechanisms
Expedition Co-chief Scientists Prof. Michael Strasser Michael Strasser is a professor in sedimentary geology at the University of Innsbruck in Austria. His research focuses on the quantitative characterization of dynamic sedimentary and tectonic processes and related geohazards, as unraveled from the event-stratigraphic record of lakes and ocean margins. “Michi” has participated in 5 ocean drilling expeditions to subduction zones (including Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone The Japan Trench Experiment Expedition 338 as Co-chief) and has received the 2017 AGU/JpGU Asahiko Taira International Scientific Ocean Paleoseismology Drilling Research Prize for his outstanding contributions 6 3 to the investigation of submarine mass movements using Deposit (x 10 m ) multidisciplinary approaches through scientific ocean drilling. Expedition His work on submarine paleoseismology has focused on the Japan Trench since the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Volume 70 after which he lead two research cruises to characterize the offshore impact of the earthquake on the hadal sedimentary environment. Dr. Ken Ikehara Error Ken Ikehara is a prime senior researcher in the Research Institute of Geology 60 and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. His research focuses Mid-value on sedimentology and marine geology of active margins, with special interests in sedimentary processes, formation and preservation of event deposits, Quaternary paleoceanography and Asian monsoon fluctuation. His work on submarine 50 paleoseismology has concentrated not only on the Japan Trench but also on the Nankai Trough, Ryukyu Trench and northern Japan Sea. Ken attended more than 80 survey cruises, mainly around the Japanese islands, including US Sumatra-Andaman Trench, German-Japan Japan Trench, 2000 French Antarctic Ocean cruises, and the IODP Exp 346 Asian monsoon.