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RESEARCH for RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 Latvia University of Agriculture Volume No. 2 Volume Annual 18th International Scientific Conference Proceedings RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 Latvia University of Agriculture RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 Annual 18th International Scientific Conference Proceedings Volume 2 Jelgava 2012 Research for Rural Development 2012 Volume 2 Annual 18th International Scientific Conference Proceedings Jelgava, LLU, 2012 249 pages ISSN 1691-4031 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Ausma Markevica, Mg.sc.paed., Mg.sc.soc., Head of the Post-graduate Studies Department, Latvia University of Agriculture Zita Kriaučiūnene, Dr., Senior Manager of the Research Department, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania Nadežda Karpova-Sadigova, Mg.sc.soc., main specialist of Post-graduate Studies Department, Latvia University of Agriculture SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Chairperson Professor Zinta Gaile, Dr.agr., Latvia University of Agriculture Members Associate professor Andra Zvirbule-Bērziņa, Dr.oec., Latvia University of Agriculture Professor Irina Arhipova, Dr.sc.ing., Latvia University of Agriculture Associate professor Gerald Assouline, Dr.sc. soc., Director of QAP Decision, Grenoble, France Professor Inga Ciproviča, Dr.sc.ing., Latvia University of Agriculture Associate professor Aivars Kaķītis, Dr.sc.ing., Latvia University of Agriculture Associate professor, Antanas Dumbrauskas, Dr.sc.ing., Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania Senior researcher, Āris Jansons, Dr.silv., Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava” TECHNICAL EDITORS Santa Treija Inga Skuja © Latvia University of Agriculture, 2012 Approved and indexed:The Proceedings of previous Annual International Scientific Conferences “Research for Rural Development” published by Latvia University of Agriculture since 1994 and has been approved and indexed in to databases: AGRIS; CAB ABSTRACTS; CABI full text; EBSCO Academic Search Complete; Thomson Reuters Web of Science; Elsevier SCOPUS. Online: http://eng.llu.lv/?ri=4638 Editorial office: Latvia University of Agriculture, Lielā ielā 2, Jelgava, LV -3001, Latvia Phone and fax: + 371 630 05607; e-mail: [email protected] Printed and bound in „Drukātava” Supported by: FOREWORD The four independent reviewers estimated each paper and recommended 78 articles for publishing at the proceedings consisted of 2 volumes, which started life as presentations at the Annual 18th International Scientific Conference “Research for Rural Development 2012” held at the Latvia University of Agriculture, in Jelgava, on 16 to 18 May 2012. In the retrospect of four months later, we can count the Conference as a great success. The theme – Research for Rural Development - attracted participation more than 200 researchers with very different backgrounds. There were 114 presentations from different universities of Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, South Africa and Latvia. Thank you for your participation! I’m sure that you have learned from the presentations and discussions during the conference and you can use the outcomes in the future. The cross disciplinary proceedings of the Annual 18th International Scientific Conference “Research for Rural Development 2012” is intended for academics, students and professionals researching in the area of crop production, animal breeding, agricultural engineering, agrarian and regional economics, food sciences, veterinary medicine, forestry, wood processing, water management, environmental engineering, landscape architecture, information and communication technologies. The proceedings will be useful for researchers in educational sciences, too. The papers are grouped according to the sessions in which they have been presented. Finally, I wish to thank Organizing and Scientific Committee and the sponsors for their great support to the conference and proceedings. On behalf of the Organizing Committee of Annual 18th International Scientific Conference “Research for Rural Development 2012” Ausma Markevica Latvia University of Agriculture Contents CSONTENT FORESTRY AND Gints Priedītis, Ingus Šmits, Salvis Daģis, Dagnis Dubrovskis WOOD PROCESSING Individual TREE identification USING combined LIDAR data AND OPTICAL imagerY 7 Nazar Kalynovskyi LITTER INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN PINE FORESTS OF DIFFERENT AGE (BARANIVKA AREA, UKRAINE) 14 Kristaps Gruduls, Tālis Gaitnieks, Jānis Donis, Imants Liepa HETEROBASIDION SPP. IN PICEA ABIES UNDERSTORY: INCIDENCE AND IMPACT ON RADIAL GROWTH OF TREES 21 Gediminas Masaitis, Gintautas Mozgeris SOME PECULIARITIES OF LABORATORY MEASURED HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCOTS PINE AND NORWAY SPRUCE NEEDLES 25 Rasa Vaitkevičiūtė DISTRIBUTION AND Status OF COMMON JUNIPER (JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L.) IN Lithuanian PINE Stands 33 Līga Liepa, Inga Straupe THE ASSESMENT OF VEGETATION DIVERSITY IN BLACK ALDER WOODLAND KEY HABITATS IN ZEMGALE 37 Gerda Šilingienė, Regina Vasinauskienė, Jonas Račinskas THERMAL WEED control IN NorwaY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES (L.) H.KARST.) NURSERY 44 Andis Bārdulis, Āris Jansons, Imants Liepa Below-ground BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN YOUNG STANDS OF Scots PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) ON ABANDONED agricultural land 49 Andis Lazdiņš, Mariam Mattila EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF FOREST REGENERATION AFTER STUMP EXTRACTION IN FINLAND 55 Andis Lazdiņš, Agris Zimelis SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COST OF STUMP EXTRACTION FOR BIOFUEL USING MCR 500 EXCAVATOR HEAD 62 Agris Zimelis, Valentīns Lazdāns, Dagnija Lazdiņa EVALUATION OF FOREST REGENARATION RESULTS AFTER STUMP EXTRACTION IN JOINT STOCK COMPANY ‘LATVIAN STATE FORESTS’ 69 Janis Krumins, Ingus Smits, Salvis Dagis, Dagnis Dubrovskis MONITORING RESULTS OF ROUND WOOD UTILIZATION AND WOOD PROCESSING SUSTAINABILITY IN LATVIA 73 Kristiāns Štekelis QUALITY CONTROL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF WOODEN PRODUCT SURFACES 80 Inese Šāble, Uldis Grīnfelds, Linards Sisenis, Anrijs Verovkins, Arnis Treimanis Impact OF provenance ON WOOD AND FIBRES properties OF LODGEPOLE PINE, grown IN Latvia 86 Mareks Millers, Jānis Magaznieks Scots PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) STEM WOOD AND BARK MOISTURE AND DENSITY Influencing FACTORS 91 RURAL ENGINEERING Aivars Brokāns RESEARCH OF ’DURATION OF LOAD’ EFFECTS IN TIMBER ELEMENTS IN BENDING 98 Sandris Liepiņš, Arturs Lešinskis, Uldis Iljins LOW-EMISSION heat insulation FOR roof constructions 105 4 RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 Contents ENVIRONMENTAL Antanas Maziliauskas, Raimundas Baublys, Ramūnas Gegužis ENGINEERING Regulated streams rehabilitation USING BIOENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE METHODS 109 ARCHITECTURE Viesturs Kalniņš ASSESSMENT OF BIOINDICATION METHODS IN AIR POLLUTION MONITORING 117 Madara Markova CHURCHYARD ELEMENTS IN LATGALE UPLAND 122 Burlakovs Juris, Gorbunovs Eduards CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS IN FORMER MILITARY AREAS: CASE STUDY IN RIGA 129 Maija Jankevica ASSESSMENT OF Landscape Ecological Aesthetics IN URBAN AREAS. Example OF Jelgava 134 Lilita Lazdāne PUBLIC PERCEPTION ABOUT LANDSCAPES OF WATERMILLS AND SMALL- SCALE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN LATVIA 141 Fedir Markov Miklouho-MACLAY park - THE object OF historical, cultural AND ARCHITECTURAL heritage 148 WATER Egidijus Kasiulis MANAGEMENT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF WAVE HEIGHTS IN THE LITHUANIAN COAST 152 Saulius Gužys THE INFLUENCE OF CROPPING SYSTEMS DIFFERING IN INTENSITY ON MINERAL NITROGEN MIGRATION 159 Andrius Litvinaitis, Lina Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė RESEARCH OF NUTRIENTS MIGRATION OF SANDY SEDIMENT AERATION ZONE OF THE RIVER BANK BUFFER AREA 166 Otilija Miseckaitė, Liudas Kinčius THE influence OF DIFFERENT HUMUS LAYERS ON THE drainage RUNOFF DURING DIFFERENT seasons 174 Igors Gusarevs PNEUMATIC PULSE method IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF DEHYDRATION AND utilization OF THE sewage sludge 180 ECONOMICS Janis Paiders, Juris Paiders BASIC FACTORS OF PARLIAMENT ELECTION RESULTS IN THE RURAL AREAS OF LATVIA 184 Jan Žukovskis, Lina Marcinkevičiūtė MOTIVATION TOOLS FOR EMPLOYEES IN REGIONAL MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONS OF LITHUANIA 191 Laura Girdžiūtė RISKS IN AGRICULTURE AND THEIR ASSESSMENT Methods 197 Vaida Stulpinienė, Vilija Aleknevičienė FINANCIAL DISTRESS Determinants: THE surveY OF Lithuanian FARMS 203 Skaidrīte Dzene, Aija Eglīte PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN LATVIA 210 Meldra Gineite ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN KURZEME REGION 216 Kristaps Makovskis, Dagnija Lazdiņa, Ligita Bite Economic CALCULATION OF Short ROTATION Willow Plantations IN Latvia 224 RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 5 Contents ECONOMICS Aija Jaunmuktane POLICIES related TO VOLUNTEER WORK IN Latvia 230 Artis Broņka, Andra Zvirbule-Bērziņa AN evaluation OF USING FUEL WOOD FOR district heating PRODUCTION IN Latvia 236 Liga Brunina, Elina Konstantinova ESTIMATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT OF COASTAL EROSION PROTECTION IN LATVIA 243 6 RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 FORESTRY AND WOOD PROCESSING INDIVIDUAL TREE IDENTIFICATION USING COMBINED LIDAR DATA AND OPTICAL IMAGERY Gints Priedītis, Ingus Šmits, Salvis Daģis, Dagnis Dubrovskis Latvia University of Agriculture e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The most important part in forest inventory based on remote sensing data is individual tree identification, because only when the tree is identified, we can try to determine its characteristic features. The objective of research was to explore remote sensing methods to determine individual tree position using LiDAR and digital aerial photography in Latvian forest conditions. The study site was a forest in the middle of Latvia – in Jelgava district (56º39’ N, 23º47’ E). Aerial photography camera (ADS 40) and laser scanner (ALS 50 II) were used to capture the data. LiDAR resolution was 9p m2 (500 m altitude).
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