Mystery of the Great Pyramid Missing Capstone Share When You Look up at the Great Pyramid, It’S Apex Is Missing
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Die Harmonischen Abmessungen Aller Pyramidions Sind Jetzt Gefunden
Friedrich Wilhelm Korff (Philosophisches Seminar der Universität Hannover) Die harmonischen Abmessungen aller Pyramidions sind jetzt gefunden! Ein Erlebnisbericht für Rainer Stadelmann, Jan Assmann und seine Heidelberger Studenten der Ägyptologie 7. - 18. 12. 2010 Seit ich aus Ägypten zurück bin und mich in die Kälte hier ( - 13°) kaum eingewöhnt habe, möchte ich Ihnen zu Beginn des Advents erzählen, wie es mir in Kairo am 29. 10. 2010 ergangen ist. Bevor ich noch den Museumsbesuch wagte, spürte ich doch die Stunde der Wahrheit gekommen, da ich erfahren würde, ob meine schon veröffentlichte Behauptung zuträfe, die Basis des PYRAMIDION AMENEMHET III. (Dahshur) sei nicht 1,87 m, wie mein Rezensent Frank Müller - Römer aus der Literatur behauptete, sondern ich hielt dagegen, sie müsse 1,875 m lang sein, eben weil die Länge 11x17 = 187 cm unmöglich aus dem ägyptischen Meß- und Maßsystem abzuleiten ist. Dieses System wie auch das der bei Ptolemaios überlieferten Tonarten, deren Intervalle die Neigungen der Pyramiden hervorbringen, sieht doch nur Kombinationen aus den ersten fünf Primzahlen (1,2,3,5,7) vor. Und das ist bei 187,5 4 cm (3 x 5 /(2 x 5) = 187,5 cm der Fall. Die empirische Messung (1,87 m) aus den achtziger Jahren des 19. Jh. war ungenau. Wie tatsächlich in der Literatur angegeben, konnten es nur 3 4/7 Ellen oder (3 4/7) x 7 = 25 ganzzahlige Handbreit sein, und 3 4/7 Ellen x 0,525 m, errechnet mit dem Metermaß der Königselle, sind 1,875 m. Nur die Hälfte (12 Vi H) der Basislänge, mit dem Rücksprung (10/7) multipliziert, keine andere Länge ergab die Höhe von (12 Vi) x 10/7 =17 6/7 Handbreit, die den Rücksprung(17 6/7)/(12 Vi) = 10/7 bestätigte. -
PYRAMIDS and ZIGGURATS AS the ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS of the ARCHETYPE of the COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I
I Andrzej WIERCINSKI, Warszawa PYRAMIDS AND ZIGGURATS AS THE ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ARCHETYPE OF THE COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I "Is there a man of you who by anxious thought can add a cubit to the age of his life? "(The Gospel of St. Matthew, 6, 27, according to Greek text) 1. Explanation of the problem The astrobiological religion played the role of a main ideological system which regulated societies of the formative-theocratic phase of cultural development of mankind which was distinguished by the rise of cultic centers of the monumental architecture. The latter ones were the cores of early urbanisation process. This religion has precised a model of the world with well defined position of man within it, and the sense of his activities. Its essence consisted of a dynamical and informational principle of transformation of an Absolute One into pairs of polarised opposites which, in turn, create an universal frame of reference of Cardinal Points organizing the time-spatial order of rhythmically repeating and mutually synchron ised cosmic, biological and socio-cultural processes and, at last, the psychic processes of the human individual. All these was vivified, personificated and deified ( for the main assumtions of the model see: A. Wiercinski, 19761 ). The astrobiological model of the world and man was statically patterned in mutually equivalent, due to a symbolical analogisation, archetypical (in Jungian sense) and iconic-numerical representations. Among them, the main position has been occupied by: the Cosmic Mountain, the Cosmic Tree � Cosmic Ladder � Cosmic Pillar, the Mandala, the Cosmic Man� man as Microcosmos and, © Del documento, los autores. -
Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15:2, 2005
Location of the Old Kingdom Pyramids in Egypt Miroslav Bârta The principal factors influencing the location of the Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt are reconsidered. The decisive factors influencing their distribution over an area of c. eighty kilometres were essentially of economic, géomorphologie, socio-political and unavoidably also of religious nature. Primary importance is to be attributed to the existence of the Old Kingdom capital of Egypt, Memphis, which was a central place with regard to the Old Kingdom pyramid fields. Its economic potential and primacy in the largely redistribution- driven state economy sustained construction of the vast majority of the pyramid complexes in its vicinity. The location of the remaining number of the Old Kingdom pyramids, including many of the largest ever built, is explained using primarily archaeological evidence. It is claimed that the major factors influencing their location lie in the sphere of general trends governing ancient Egyptian society of the period. For millennia, megaliths and monumental arts were pyramids see Edwards 1993; Fakhry 1961; Hawass commissioned by the local chieftains and later by the 2003; Lehner 1997; Stadelmann 1985; 1990; Vallogia kings of Egypt. The ideological reasons connected 2001; Verner 2002; Dodson 2003). The reasons that may with the construction and symbolism of the pyra be put forward to explain their location and arrange mids were manifold, and in most cases obvious: the ment are numerous but may be divided into two basic manifestation of power, status and supremacy over groups: practical and religious. It will be argued that the territory and population, the connection with the whereas the general pattern in the distribution of the sacred world and the unlimited authority of the rulers pyramid sites may be due mainly to practical reasons, (O'Connor & Silverman 1995). -
Specular Reflection from the Great Pyramid at Giza
Specular Reflection from the Great Pyramid at Giza Donald E. Jennings Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA (retired) email: [email protected] Posted to arXiv: physics.hist-ph April 6, 2021 Abstract The pyramids of ancient Egypt are said to have shone brilliantly in the sun. Surfaces of polished limestone would not only have reflected diffusely in all directions, but would also likely have produced specular reflections in particular directions. Reflections toward points on the horizon would have been visible from large distances. On a particular day and time when the sun was properly situated, an observer stationed at a distant site would have seen a momentary flash as the sun’s reflection moved across the face of the pyramid. The positions of the sun that are reflected to the horizon are confined to narrow arcs in the sky, one arc for each side of the pyramid. We model specular reflections from the pyramid of Khufu and derive the annual dates and times when they would have been visible at important ancient sites. Certain of these events might have coincided with significant dates on the Egyptian calendar, as well as with solar equinoxes, solstices and cross-quarter days. The celebration of Wepet-Renpet, which at the time of the pyramid’s construction occurred near the spring cross-quarter day, would have been marked by a specular sweep of sites on the southern horizon. On the autumn and winter cross-quarter days reflections would have been directed to Heliopolis. We suggest that on those days the pyramidion of Khafre might have been visible in specular reflection over the truncated top of Khufu’s pyramid. -
Das Pyramidion Der Pyramide G III-A. Bemerkungen Zu Den
STUDIA AEGYPTIACA XIV INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE OF EGYPT STUDIES PRESENTED TO LAszL6 KAKOSY BYFRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES ON THE OCCASION OFHIS 60TH BIRTHDAY BUDAPEST 1992 301 DAS PYRAMIDION DER PYRAMIDE G III-a Bemerkungen zu den Pyramidenspitzen des Alten Reiches* (PIs. XIX.A- XX.A) Peter Janosi,,Wien Verglichen mit dem Materialbefund des Mittleren Reiches ist die Anzahl der erhaltenen Pyramidenspitzen des Alten Reiches wesentlich geringer, Vor einigen Jahren wurde das Kalksteinpyramidion der Roten Pyramide gefunden. Es ist das älteste und auch bisher einzige erhaltene Exemplar von einer Königspyramide des Alten Reiches.' Neben dem archäologischen Befund geben noch drei Inscbriften2 über Pyramidenspitzen dieser Zeit Auskunft. Bei vier Pyramiden lassen sich die Pyramidenspitzen aufgrund der erhaltenen, darunterliegenden Verkleidungsblöcke rekonstruieren (s.u.). Ungeachtet dieses recht dürftigen Befundes ist davon auszugehen, daß alle vollendeten Pyramiden Spitzen aus Kalkstein oder Hartgestein (?) besaßen. Das Pyramidion von G III-a Wahrend der Beschäftigung mit der Architektur der Nebenpyramiden konnte in Giza ein weiteres Pyramidion des Alten Reiches "entdeckt" werden. Es stammt von der Pyramide G III-a, der östlichsten der drei Nebenpyramiden südlich der Mykerinospyramide.3 Wann dieses Pyramidion gefunden wurde, ist nicht sicher festzustellen. Es wurde'vermutlich 1972, als man nach Bootsgruben an der Südseite dieser Pyramide suchte, entdeckt.4 Das Pyramidion liegt einige Meter südlich der Pyramide G III-a und besteht aus Kalkstein (PI. XIX. A). Sowohl seine Position als auch die Tatsache, daß die unmittelbar westlich • Das vie'lfältige Interesse Laszl6 Kakosys galt des öfteren den Pyramiden des Alten Reiches. Neben seiner oftmaligen Auseinandersetzung mi t den Pyramidentexten siehe: "Pyramids as Divinities",AnnalesUniversitatis Scientiarium Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, Sectio C1assica, Thmus IX-X, Budapest 1982 1985,63-77 und"The Plundering ofthe Pyramid ofCheops",SAK 16 (1989) 145-169. -
Egypt Revisited “It Was an Amazing Experience to See Such Wonderful Sites Enhanced by Our Lecturer’S Knowledge...A Fabulous Experience!”
Limited to just 16 guests EGYPT Revisited “It was an amazing experience to see such wonderful sites enhanced by our lecturer’s knowledge...A fabulous experience!” - Barbara, Maryland Foreground, Red Pyramid at Dahshur; background, Temple of Seti I at Abydos October 19-November 3, 2019 (16 days | 16 guests) with Egyptologist Stephen Harvey optional extensions: pre-tour Siwa Oasis & Alexandria (8 days) and/or post-tour Jordan (5 days) Archaeology-focused tours for the curious to the connoisseur. Dear Traveler, You are invited to return to Egypt on a brand-new, custom-designed tour in the company of AIA lecturer/host Stephen Harvey, Egyptology guide Enass Salah, and a professional tour manager. © Ivrienen Snefru's Bent Pyramid at Dahshur Highlights are many and varied: • Gain inside access to the Red Pyramid at Dahshur, enter the burial chamber of the collapsed pyramid at Meidum, and visit two mud-brick pyramids (Illahun and Hawara) at the Fayoum Oasis. • Go behind-the-scenes at the ancient necropolis of Saqqara to see some of the new and remarkable excavations that are not open to the public, including (pending final confirmation) special access to the newly- discovered, 5th-dynasty Tomb of Wah Ti. • Make a special, private visit (permission pending) to the new Grand Egyptian Museum. • Explore the necropoli of Beni Hasan, known for its 39 rock-cut tombs © Olaf Tausch with well-preserved paintings of dancing, acrobatics, juggling, fishing, Red Pyramid at Dahshur hunting, and weaving; and Tuna el-Gebel, with huge catacombs for thousands of mummified ibises and baboons, and much more. • Visit Tell el-Amarna, which replaced Thebes (modern Luxor) as capital of Egypt under the heretic, 18th-dynasty pharaoh Akhenaton and was significant for its monotheism and distinctive artistic style. -
Bulletin De L'institut Français D'archéologie Orientale
MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉDUCATION NATIONALE, DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT FRANÇAIS D’ARCHÉOLOGIE ORIENTALE en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne BIFAO 114 (2014), p. 455-518 Nico Staring The Tomb of Ptahmose, Mayor of Memphis Analysis of an Early 19 th Dynasty Funerary Monument at Saqqara Conditions d’utilisation L’utilisation du contenu de ce site est limitée à un usage personnel et non commercial. Toute autre utilisation du site et de son contenu est soumise à une autorisation préalable de l’éditeur (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). Le copyright est conservé par l’éditeur (Ifao). Conditions of Use You may use content in this website only for your personal, noncommercial use. Any further use of this website and its content is forbidden, unless you have obtained prior permission from the publisher (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). The copyright is retained by the publisher (Ifao). Dernières publications 9782724708288 BIFAO 121 9782724708424 Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l'étranger (BAEFE) 9782724707878 Questionner le sphinx Philippe Collombert (éd.), Laurent Coulon (éd.), Ivan Guermeur (éd.), Christophe Thiers (éd.) 9782724708295 Bulletin de liaison de la céramique égyptienne 30 Sylvie Marchand (éd.) 9782724708356 Dendara. La Porte d'Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724707953 Dendara. La Porte d’Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724708394 Dendara. La Porte d'Hathor Sylvie Cauville 9782724708011 MIDEO 36 Emmanuel Pisani (éd.), Dennis Halft (éd.) © Institut français d’archéologie orientale - Le Caire Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 The Tomb of Ptahmose, Mayor of Memphis Analysis of an Early 19 th Dynasty Funerary Monument at Saqqara nico staring* Introduction In 2005 the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, acquired a photograph taken by French Egyptologist Théodule Devéria (fig. -
Where in the World Is Carter Kane?
Greetings, Egyptologists! On May 4, The Kane Chronicles, Book One: The Red Pyramid arrives in bookstores nationwide, following the adventures of Carter and Sadie Kane as they embark on a dangerous journey across the globe to save their father from the Egyptian god Set. Along the way, these siblings discover their family’s link to a secret order of magicians that has existed since the time of the pharaohs! Bring a little Egyptian magic to your school or bookstore with The Kane Chronicles Egyptian Event Kit! Inside you’ll find party ideas, reproducible activity sheets, discussion questions, and more to make for an unforgettable Egyptian event. So put on your Egyptian thinking cap, get in the pharaoh mind-set, and get ready to party with The Kane Chronicles! Have fun, Rick Riordan 1 TABLE OF CONteNTS: Ancient Egypt. Modern Party Ideas �������������������������������������� 3 Get Your Egyptian Thinking Cap On ����������������������������������� 4 Hieroglyphics Scrambler ��������������������������������������������������������� 5 Egyptian Gods Family Tree ���������������������������������������������������� 6 Truth or Myth?........................................................................... 7 Construct a Pyramid ................................................................. 8 Guide to the Major Egyptian Figures .............................. 9–10 The Ultimate Egyptian God .................................................. 11 Color Wheel.............................................................................. 12 Where in the -
Explaining the Shafts in Khufu's Pyramid at Giza 1
JOURNAL of the American Research Center in Egypt ARC E AMERICAN RESEARC'H CENTER IN EGYPT VOLUME 42 2005-2006 JOURNAL of the American Research Center in Egypt VOLUME 42 2005-2006 Published by THE AMERICAN RESEARCH CENTER IN EGYPT CONTENTS ANTHONY P. SAKOVITCH Explaining the Shafts in Khufu's Pyramid at Giza 1 JOSEPH A. STYLES The Problem of Order in the Pyramid Texts: A Quantitative Approach . 13 STANLEY BALANDA The So-called "Mine of Punt" and Its Location 33 MARLEEN DE MEYER, The Role of Animals in the Funerary Rites at WIM VAN NEER, Dayr aI-Barsha .................................. 45 CHRISTOPH PEETERS, HARCO WILLEMS JOSHUA ThAMPIER Reconstructing the Desert and Sown Landscape of Abydos 73 KATHERINE EATON A "Mortuary Liturgy" from the Book of the Dead with Comments on the Nature of the Jlz-spirit ............. 81 ANDREW J. KOH Locating the lztm n pJ lzr of the Workmen's Village at Deir el-Medina 95 DAN'EL KAHN I Swear to Pay (Only Part of) My Taxes: Padiese's Oath to Piankhy 103 EUGENE CRUZ-URIBE Two Demotic Ostraca from the Valley of the Kings ... .. 113 AND STEVEN VINSON ALAN ROE The Old Darb al Arbein Caravan Route and Kharga Oasis in Antiquity ............................. .. 119 HANS BARNARD Eastern Desert Ware from Marsa Nakari and Wadi Sikait 131 ANDREJ. VELDMEijER Studies of Ancient Egyptian Footwear. Technological Aspects. Part II. Wooden Pattens from Ottoman Qasr Ibrim 147 JOHN DUNN An American Fracas in Egypt-The Butler Affair of 1872 153 * * * BOOK REVIEWS. .................................................... .. 163 Miroslav Verner. Abusir: Realm of Osiris (T. Musacchio). ................................. 163 John Baines. -
THE PYRAMIDS of EGYPT Fathi Habashi
Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi July, 2015 THE PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/153/ De Re Metallica, 24, 2015 pp. 81-89 © Sociedad Española para la Defensa del Patrimonio Geológico y Minero ISSN: 1888-8615 THE PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT Fathi Habashi Laval University, Quebec City, Canada [email protected] RESUMEN La Gran Pirámide de Egipto, construida aproximadamente dos mil años A.C., no es solamente un apila- miento de piedras. Es una tumba que contiene una cámara de enterramiento, pasajes, conductos de ventila- ción, etc. Es una proeza de la ingeniería. Fueron muchas centurias las que transcurrieron hasta que fue posi- ble la construcción de una verdadera pirámide. Existen aproximadamente cien pirámides en Egipto. Hace 500 años que los egipcios dejaron de construir pirámides. Los Nubios, quienes ocuparon Egipto alrededor del 1000 D.C., construyeron en Meroe otras doscientas pirámides, pero de mucho menor tamaño que las de Menfis. PALABRAS CLAVE: Pirámides, canteras, construcción, Egipto. ABSTRACT The Great Pyramid in Egypt built about two thousand years BC is not just a pile of stones. It is a grave containing a burial chamber, passages, and ventilation ducts, etc. It is an engineering feat. It took many cen- turies of experimentation till it was possible to build a true pyramid. There are about one hundred pyramids in Egypt. After about 500 years when the Egyptians stopped building pyramids, the Nubans who occupied Egypt around 1000 BC, built in Meroe another two hundred pyramids but far much smaller than those at Memphis. -
Architecture and Mathematics in Ancient Egypt
ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN ANCIENT EGYPT In this fascinating new study, architect and Egyptologist Corinna Rossi analyses the relationship between mathematics and architecture in ancient Egypt by explor- ing the use of numbers and geometrical figures in ancient architectural projects and buildings. While previous architectural studies have searched for abstract ‘universal rules’ to explain the history of Egyptian architecture, Rossi attempts to reconcile the different approaches of archaeologists, architects and historians of mathematics into a single coherent picture. Using a study of a specific group of monuments, the pyramids, and placing them in the context of their cultural and historical back- ground, Rossi argues that theory and practice of construction must be considered as a continuum, not as two separated fields, in order to allow the original plan- ning process of a building to re-emerge. Highly illustrated with plans, diagrams and figures, this book is essential reading for all scholars of ancient Egypt and the architecture of ancient cultures. Dr Corinna Rossi is a Junior Research Fellow in Egyptology at Churchill College, Cambridge. ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN ANCIENT EGYPT CORINNA ROSSI cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521690539 C Corinna Rossi 2003 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. -
Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal
Andrzej Ćwiek RELIEF DECORATION IN THE ROYAL FUNERARY COMPLEXES OF THE OLD KINGDOM STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT, SCENE CONTENT AND ICONOGRAPHY PhD THESIS WRITTEN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. KAROL MYŚLIWIEC INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY FACULTY OF HISTORY WARSAW UNIVERSITY 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would have never appeared without help, support, advice and kindness of many people. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to: Professor Karol Myśliwiec, the supervisor of this thesis, for his incredible patience. Professor Zbigniew Szafrański, my first teacher of Egyptian archaeology and subsequently my boss at Deir el-Bahari, colleague and friend. It was his attitude towards science that influenced my decision to become an Egyptologist. Professor Lech Krzyżaniak, who offered to me really enormous possibilities of work in Poznań and helped me to survive during difficult years. It is due to him I have finished my thesis at last; he asked me about it every time he saw me. Professor Dietrich Wildung who encouraged me and kindly opened for me the inventories and photographic archives of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, and Dr. Karla Kroeper who enabled my work in Berlin in perfect conditions. Professors and colleagues who offered to me their knowledge, unpublished material, and helped me in various ways. Many scholars contributed to this work, sometimes unconsciously, and I owe to them much, albeit all the mistakes and misinterpretations are certainly by myself. Let me list them in an alphabetical order, pleno titulo: Hartwig