A First Insight Into the Genome of Prototheca Wickerhamii, a Major
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) in Lake Tanganyika (Africa)*
Biologia 63/6: 799—805, 2008 Section Botany DOI: 10.2478/s11756-008-0101-4 Siderocelis irregularis (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) in Lake Tanganyika (Africa)* Maya P. Stoyneva1, Elisabeth Ingolič2,WernerKofler3 &WimVyverman4 1Sofia University ‘St Kliment Ohridski’, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 8 bld. Dragan Zankov, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]fia.bg 2Graz University of Technology, Research Institute for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17,A-8010 Graz, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] 3University of Innsbruck, Institute of Botany, Sternwartestrasse 15,A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; e-mail: werner.kofl[email protected] 4Ghent University, Department Biology, Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Krijgslaan 281-S8,B-9000 Gent, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Siderocelis irregularis Hindák, representing a genus Siderocelis (Naumann) Fott that is known from European temperate waters, was identified as a common phytoplankter in Lake Tanganyika. It was found aposymbiotic as well as ingested (possibly endosymbiotic) in lake heterotrophs, mainly Strombidium sp. and Vorticella spp. The morphology and ultrastructure of the species, studied with LM, SEM and TEM, are described with emphasis on the structure of the cell wall and the pyrenoid. Key words: Chlorophyta; cell wall; pyrenoid; symbiosis; ciliates; Strombidium; Vorticella Introduction ics of symbiotic species in general came into alignment with that of free-living algae and the term ‘zoochlorel- Tight partnerships between algae and aquatic inver- lae’ was abandoned as being taxonomically ambiguous tebrates, including symbiotic relationships, have long (e.g. Bal 1968; Reisser & Wiessner 1984; Taylor 1984; been of interest and a number of excellent reviews are Reisser 1992a). -
The Non-Photosynthetic Algae Helicosporidium Spp.: Emergence of a Novel Group of Insect Pathogens
Insects 2013, 4, 375-391; doi:10.3390/insects4030375 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/ Review The Non-Photosynthetic Algae Helicosporidium spp.: Emergence of a Novel Group of Insect Pathogens Aurélien Tartar Division of Math, Science, and Technology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-954-262-8148; Fax: +1-954-262-3931 Received: 30 May 2013; in revised form: 4 July 2013 / Accepted: 8 July 2013 / Published: 17 July 2013 Abstract: Since the original description of Helicosporidium parasiticum in 1921, members of the genus Helicosporidium have been reported to infect a wide variety of invertebrates, but their characterization has remained dependent on occasional reports of infection. Recently, several new Helicosporidium isolates have been successfully maintained in axenic cultures. The ability to produce large quantity of biological material has led to very significant advances in the understanding of Helicosporidium biology and its interactions with insect hosts. In particular, the unique infectious process has been well documented; the highly characteristic cyst and its included filamentous cell have been shown to play a central role during host infection and have been the focus of detailed morphological and developmental studies. In addition, phylogenetic analyses inferred from a multitude of molecular sequences have demonstrated that Helicosporidium are highly specialized non-photosynthetic algae (Chlorophyta: Trebouxiophyceae), and represent the first described entomopathogenic algae. This review provides an overview of (i) the morphology of Helicosporidium cell types, (ii) the Helicosporidium life cycle, including the entire infectious sequence and its impact on insect hosts, (iii) the phylogenetic analyses that have prompted the taxonomic classification of Helicosporidium as green algae, and (iv) the documented host range for this novel group of entomopathogens. -
An Integrative Approach Sheds New Light Onto the Systematics
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An integrative approach sheds new light onto the systematics and ecology of the widespread ciliate genus Coleps (Ciliophora, Prostomatea) Thomas Pröschold1*, Daniel Rieser1, Tatyana Darienko2, Laura Nachbaur1, Barbara Kammerlander1, Kuimei Qian1,3, Gianna Pitsch4, Estelle Patricia Bruni4,5, Zhishuai Qu6, Dominik Forster6, Cecilia Rad‑Menendez7, Thomas Posch4, Thorsten Stoeck6 & Bettina Sonntag1 Species of the genus Coleps are one of the most common planktonic ciliates in lake ecosystems. The study aimed to identify the phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability of diferent Coleps isolates from various water bodies and from culture collections. We used an integrative approach to study the strains by (i) cultivation in a suitable culture medium, (ii) screening of the morphological variability including the presence/absence of algal endosymbionts of living cells by light microscopy, (iii) sequencing of the SSU and ITS rDNA including secondary structures, (iv) assessment of their seasonal and spatial occurrence in two lakes over a one‑year cycle both from morphospecies counts and high‑ throughput sequencing (HTS), and, (v) proof of the co‑occurrence of Coleps and their endosymbiotic algae from HTS‑based network analyses in the two lakes. The Coleps strains showed a high phenotypic plasticity and low genetic variability. The algal endosymbiont in all studied strains was Micractinium conductrix and the mutualistic relationship turned out as facultative. Coleps is common in both lakes over the whole year in diferent depths and HTS has revealed that only one genotype respectively one species, C. viridis, was present in both lakes despite the diferent lifestyles (mixotrophic with green algal endosymbionts or heterotrophic without algae). -
Genetic Diversity of Symbiotic Green Algae of Paramecium Bursaria Syngens Originating from Distant Geographical Locations
plants Article Genetic Diversity of Symbiotic Green Algae of Paramecium bursaria Syngens Originating from Distant Geographical Locations Magdalena Greczek-Stachura 1, Patrycja Zagata Le´snicka 1, Sebastian Tarcz 2 , Maria Rautian 3 and Katarzyna Mozd˙ ze˙ ´n 1,* 1 Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchor ˛azych˙ 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (M.G.-S.); [email protected] (P.Z.L.) 2 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] 3 Laboratory of Protistology and Experimental Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Paramecium bursaria (Ehrenberg 1831) is a ciliate species living in a symbiotic relationship with green algae. The aim of the study was to identify green algal symbionts of P. bursaria originating from distant geographical locations and to answer the question of whether the occurrence of en- dosymbiont taxa was correlated with a specific ciliate syngen (sexually separated sibling group). In a comparative analysis, we investigated 43 P. bursaria symbiont strains based on molecular features. Three DNA fragments were sequenced: two from the nuclear genomes—a fragment of the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and a fragment of the gene encoding large subunit ribosomal RNA (28S rDNA), Citation: Greczek-Stachura, M.; as well as a fragment of the plastid genome comprising the 30rpl36-50infA genes. The analysis of two Le´snicka,P.Z.; Tarcz, S.; Rautian, M.; Mozd˙ ze´n,K.˙ Genetic Diversity of ribosomal sequences showed the presence of 29 haplotypes (haplotype diversity Hd = 0.98736 for Symbiotic Green Algae of Paramecium ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 and Hd = 0.908 for 28S rDNA) in the former two regions, and 36 haplotypes 0 0 bursaria Syngens Originating from in the 3 rpl36-5 infA gene fragment (Hd = 0.984). -
Towards Engineering the Microalga Chlorella Sorokiniana for the Production of Tailored High-Value Oils
Towards engineering the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana for the production of tailored high-value oils Xenia Spencer-Milnes UCL (University College London) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) September 2018 1 DECLARATION DECLARATION I, Xenia Spencer-Milnes confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. …………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Saul Purton, for his continued support throughout these last four years and the opportunity to be part of such an interesting project. Also, many thanks go to my thesis committee and secondary supervisors: Dr Olga Sayanova for providing such expertise in the area of lipid metabolism and the opportunity to conduct some research at Rothamsted Research, Professor Kaila Srai for such constructive feedback, and Dr Vitor Pinheiro for providing invaluable support and advice through some difficult times. I would also like to thank all members of the Algal Oils by Design sLoLa group for continued stimulating discussion and inspiration at meetings. I would especially like to thank Dr Mary Hamilton and Dr Richard Smith from Rothamstead Research for their patience and support in teaching me new techniques and putting up with a myriad of questions. I also must thank former lab members Noreen Hiegle for showing me the ropes using Agrobacterium and Dr Sofie Vonlanthen who established much Chlorella work in the lab and was very quick to respond to my flurry of email questions in the beginning. -
Protothecosis and Chlorellosis in Sheep and Goats: a Review
VDIXXX10.1177/1040638720978781Protothecosis and chlorellosis in sheep and goatsRiet-Correa et al. 978781review-article2020 Review Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 1 –5 Protothecosis and chlorellosis in sheep © 2020 The Author(s) Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions and goats: a review DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720978781 10.1177/1040638720978781 jvdi.sagepub.com Franklin Riet-Correa,1 Priscila Maria Silva do Carmo, Francisco A. Uzal Abstract. Protothecosis and chlorellosis are sporadic algal diseases that can affect small ruminants. In goats, protothecosis is primarily associated with lesions in the nose and should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of rhinitis. In sheep, chlorellosis causes typical green granulomatous lesions in various organs. Outbreaks of chlorellosis have been reported in sheep consuming stagnant water, grass from sewage-contaminated areas, and pastures watered by irrigation canals or by effluents from poultry-processing plants. Prototheca and Chlorella are widespread in the environment, and environmental and climatic changes promoted by anthropogenic activities may have increased the frequency of diseases produced by them. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical-, molecular-, and/or culture-based methods. Key words: chlorellosis; goats; protothecosis; sheep. Introduction pathogenic for animals and humans.1,2,12,26 Genotype 2 is involved more frequently than genotype 1 in protothecosis of Prototheca spp. (achlorophyllous algae) and Chlorella spp. animals and human.1,2,12,16,26 Since 2008, 2 more species have (chlorophyll-containing algae) are ubiquitous algae that been recognized as pathogens: P. blaschkeae was isolated reproduce asexually by internal septation (endosporulation) from the mammary gland of cows with mastitis,16 and P. -
Disseminated Prototheca Wickerhamii Infection with Arthritis and Tenosynovitis JOAN S
Case Report Disseminated Prototheca wickerhamii Infection with Arthritis and Tenosynovitis JOAN S. PASCUAL, LUCIA L. BALOS, and ALAN N. BAER ABSTRACT. Achloric algae of the Prototheca species are a rare cause of infection in humans. These infections are usually localized to the skin, olecranon bursae, and tendon sheaths of the hands and wrists. Our patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and a chronic Prototheca wickerhamii skin infec- tion of the hand developed tenosynovitis and arthritis of his ankle in the setting of a documented algemia. This is the first reported case of protothecal arthritis and tenosynovitis resulting from hematogenous dissemination. The reported musculoskeletal manifestations of protothecal infections are reviewed. (J Rheumatol 2004;31:1861–5) Key Indexing Terms: PROTOTHECA ALGAE TENOSYNOVITIS INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME Prototheca are achloric algae that can be a rare cause of tous inflammation with ovoid basophilic bodies both in and around histio- infection in humans. Infections are generally localized to cytes (Figure 1). A culture grew P. wickerhamii. Oral itraconazole was resumed. Within 3 weeks of this biopsy, the patient inadvertently stepped exposed skin of the face and distal extremities, olecranon in a hole and forcibly dorsiflexed his left ankle; swelling of the ankle bursae, and tendon sheaths of the hands and wrists. They persisted for over 2 months, prompting an intraarticular injection of dexam- occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised ethasone. Five months prior to hospitalization, the patient developed hosts. Systemic protothecosis with visceral and meningeal several subcutaneous nodules in his left lower extremity, despite ongoing involvement occurs rarely in immunocompromised individ- itraconazole therapy. -
Martinez, E. Alkyl Silanes As a Source of Carbon for Microbial Growth
Alkyl Silanes as a Source of Carbon for Microbial Growth Eduardo J. Martinez Microbial Diversity Course Woods Hole, MA Tuesday, August 1, 2006 Abstract: Alkyl silanes have not been described as substrates for microbial growth and no precedent exist for naturally occurring carbon-silicon bonds. Enrichments on minimal media using alkyl silanes as the sole carbon and energy source may be a novel method for the isolation of new microorganisms or the discovery of new enzymatic pathways. Triethylsilane, diethylsilane, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanol and trimethylsilylacetic acid were used in enrichments under aerobic shake tube conditions. No growth was observed on the unfunctionalized silanes but 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanol and trimethylsilylacetic acid were successful substrates. Organisms growing on 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanol took several weeks to grow up so pure cultures could not be obtained, but they are clearly bacteria (about 2 µm in diameter) and can also utilize methanol as a carbon source. Trimethylsilylacetic acid in media at pH 5 selects for eukaryotes. Two very different species were isolated. Issatchenkia occidentalis is a common variety fruit fungus isolated from various soil samples. Prototheca zopfii var. hydrocarbonea is a non- photosynthetic algal which can grow on n-alkanes and exhibits very interesting cell fission morphology. Unfortunately, trimethylsilylacetic acid was shown to be unstable under the aqueous incubation conditions, decomposing to acetic acid and trimethylsilanol. However, decay kinetics could not be measured to compare with growth rates and determine if this decomposition was significant. Background: New carbon sources are useful in the discovery of novel microbial life and metabolism. Alkyl silanes have not been described as substrates for microbial growth and furthermore no literature could be found on the natural occurrence of carbon-silicon bonds. -
Micractinium Tetrahymenae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a New Endosymbiont Isolated from Ciliates
diversity Article Micractinium tetrahymenae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a New Endosymbiont Isolated from Ciliates Thomas Pröschold 1,*, Gianna Pitsch 2 and Tatyana Darienko 3 1 Research Department for Limnology, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria 2 Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, CH-8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland; [email protected] 3 Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 13 May 2020; Published: 15 May 2020 Abstract: Endosymbiosis between coccoid green algae and ciliates are widely distributed and occur in various phylogenetic lineages among the Ciliophora. Most mixotrophic ciliates live in symbiosis with different species and genera of the so-called Chlorella clade (Trebouxiophyceae). The mixotrophic ciliates can be differentiated into two groups: (i) obligate, which always live in symbiosis with such green algae and are rarely algae-free and (ii) facultative, which formed under certain circumstances such as in anoxic environments an association with algae. A case of the facultative endosymbiosis is found in the recently described species of Tetrahymena, T. utriculariae, which lives in the bladder traps of the carnivorous aquatic plant Utricularia reflexa. The green endosymbiont of this ciliate belonged to the genus Micractinium. We characterized the isolated algal strain using an integrative approach and compared it to all described species of this genus. The phylogenetic analyses using complex evolutionary secondary structure-based models revealed that this endosymbiont represents a new species of Micractinium, M. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,846,352 B2 Chua Et Al
USOO8846352B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,846,352 B2 Chua et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 30, 2014 (54) GENETICALLY ENGINEERED 5,270,175 A 12, 1993 Moll et al. MCROORGANISMIS THAT METABOLIZE 5,304,481. A 4/1994 Davies et al. XYLOSE 5,338,673 A 8, 1994 Thepenier et al. 5,391,724 A 2f1995 Kindlet al. 5,395.455 A 3, 1995 Scott et al. (75) Inventors: Penelope Chua, San Francisco, CA 5,455,167 A 10, 1995 Rt. al. (US); Aravind Somanchi, Redwood 5.492.938 A 2/1996 Kyle et al. City, CA (US) 5,518,918 A 5/1996 Barclay et al. s 5,547,699 A 8, 1996 Lizuka et al. (73) Assignee: Solazyme, Inc., South San Francisco, 5,685,2185,680,812 A 10,1 1/1997 1997 kELi d CA (US) 5,693,507 A 12/1997 Daniellet al. 5,711,983 A 1/1998 Kyle et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,792,631 A 8/1998 Running patent is extended or adjusted under 35 E. A ck g 3. RE tal 435,158 U.S.C. 154(b) by 39 days. 5,900,370sy s A 5/1999 RunningaO C. a. .............. 6,166,231 A 12/2000 Hoeksema (21) Appl. No.: 13/464,948 6.255,505 B1 7/2001 Bijl et al. 6,338,866 B1 1/2002 Criggallet al. (22) Filed: May 4, 2012 6,344,231 B1 2/2002 Nakajo et al. 6,372.460 B1 4/2002 Gladue et al. -
Compartmentalization of Mrnas in the Giant, Unicellular Green Algae
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.303206; this version posted September 18, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Compartmentalization of mRNAs in the giant, 2 unicellular green algae Acetabularia acetabulum 3 4 Authors 5 Ina J. Andresen1, Russell J. S. Orr2, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi3, Jon Bråte1* 6 7 Address 8 1: Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of 9 Oslo, Kristine Bonnevies Hus, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway. 10 2: Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 11 3: Centre for Epigenetics, Development and Evolution, Department of Biosciences, University 12 of Oslo, Kristine Bonnevies Hus, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway. 13 14 *Corresponding author 15 Jon Bråte, [email protected] 16 17 Keywords 18 Acetabularia acetabulum, Dasycladales, UMI, STL, compartmentalization, single-cell, mRNA. 19 20 Abstract 21 Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga previously used as a model species for 22 studying the role of the nucleus in cell development and morphogenesis. The highly elongated 23 cell, which stretches several centimeters, harbors a single nucleus located in the basal end. 24 Although A. acetabulum historically has been an important model in cell biology, almost 25 nothing is known about its gene content, or how gene products are distributed in the cell. To 26 study the composition and distribution of mRNAs in A. -
Morphology, Composition, Production, Processing and Applications Of
Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: A review Carl Safi, Bachar Zebib, Othmane Merah, Pierre-Yves Pontalier, Carlos Vaca-Garcia To cite this version: Carl Safi, Bachar Zebib, Othmane Merah, Pierre-Yves Pontalier, Carlos Vaca-Garcia. Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, 2014, 35, pp.265-278. 10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.007. hal- 02064882 HAL Id: hal-02064882 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02064882 Submitted on 12 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23269 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.007 To cite this version: Safi, Carl and Zebib, Bachar and Merah, Othmane and Pontalier, Pierre- Yves and Vaca-Garcia, Carlos Morphology, composition, production,