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JURNAL SENI TARI Makna Simbolik Tari Topeng Tumenggung Gaya

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JURNAL SENI TARI Makna Simbolik Tari Topeng Tumenggung Gaya JST (10) (1) 2021 JURNAL SENI TARI Terakreditasi SINTA 4 http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jst Makna Simbolik Tari Topeng Tumenggung Gaya Slangit Cirebon Fifit Fitriyah Rosiana1, Utami Arsih2 Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Drama Tari, dan Musik, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. Info Artikel _______________ Abstrak Sejarah Artikel Diterima : 22 April 2021 Disetujui : 10 Juni 2021 Tari Topeng Tumenggung merupakan salah satu jenis Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit. Tari yang Dipublikasikan : 05 Juli diciptakan oleh seniman tari Cirebon merupakan suatu kerangka yang penuh dengan makna simbolik 2021 untuk dikomunikasikan pada orang lain. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis dan ________________ mendeskripsikan makna simbolik yang terkandung pada Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan semiotika. Teknik pengumpulan Keywords: data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan Meaning, Symbol, yaitu triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Teknik analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan Tumenggung Mask Dance penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian berisi bahwa Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit _______________ merupakan tari dengan urutan sajian yang ke-4 dalam Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit. Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit memiliki makna simbol diskursif berupa makna penari, makna gerak, makna musik, makna rias, makna busana, makna properti, makna pola lantai, dan makna sesaji serta memiliki makna presentasional yang merupakan makna Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit secara keseluruhan yakni sebuah tarian yang menggunakan topeng Tumenggung, diiringi dengan gending waledan, dan menggambarkan seseorang yang dewasa, arif, dan tegas. Makna Tari Topeng Tumenggung dikategorikan menjadi 2 yaitu makna denotasi dan makna konotasi serta dimaknai dari dalang topeng dan bukan dalang topeng. Abstract Tumenggung Mask Dance (Tari Topeng Tumenggung) is the variant of the Slangit styles of Cirebonese Mask Dance. The dance was created by the artist with a lot of symbolic meanings to be communicated to others. This study aims to analyze and describe the symbolic meaning contained in the Slangit style of Tumenggung Mask Dance. The method used is a qualitative method with a semiotic approach. The techniques used for data collection were observation, interviews, and documentation. Triangulation of sources and techniques were used to validate the data in this study. The data were analyzed by using the techniques of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the Slangit style of Tumenggung Mask Dance is the fourth variant of the Slangit styles of Cirebonese Mask Dance. Slangit style of Tumenggung Mask Dance has discursive symbolic meanings in each of its dancers, movement, musical, make-up, clothing, property, floor pattern, and offering. It also has a presentational meaning which is the overall meaning of the Slangit style of Tumenggung Mask Dance itself as a whole, that is a dance that uses a Tumenggung mask, performed with gending waledan (a Javanese orchestral composition), and depicts a person who is mature, wise, and firm. The meaning of Tumenggung Mask Dance is categorized into 2, namely the denotation and connotation meanings interpreted from and not from dalang topeng (mask dancer). © 2021 Universitas Negeri Semarang Alamat korespondensi: ISSN 2503-2585 Gedung B2 Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Semarang Kampus Sekaran, Gunung Pati, Semarang 50229 Email : [email protected] 1 Fifit Fitriyah Rosiana / Jurnal Seni Tari (10) (1) 2021 PENDAHULUAN dengan Wira Arja selaku ketua Sanggar Panji Asmara, 2020). Cirebon merupakan salah satu Tari Topeng Cirebon memiliki ciri daerah yang berada di Jawa Barat. Cirebon pokok, antara lain penarinya menggunakan merupakan daerah perbatasan antara kedok dan terdiri atas kedok pokok yang provinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. disebut dengan Panca Wanda yaitu Panji, Setiap daerah tentu memiliki kekhasan Pamindo, Rumyang, Tumenggung dan tersendiri, baik dilihat dari bahasa, Klana (Ramlan, 2003, p. 56). Terciptanya makanan, bahkan keseniannya. Berbicara Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit atau mengenai seni, Cirebon memiliki jenis panca wanda tersebut tentu memiliki tarian yang menjadi ikon daerah yaitu Tari maksud dan tujuan, dengan kata lain Tari Topeng Cirebon. Bentuk pertunjukannya Topeng Cirebon mengandung simbol dan/ yang memiliki ciri khas mampu atau makna yang dapat diketahui melalui memancarkan daya tarik tersendiri terbukti bentuk pertunjukan Tari Topeng itu sendiri. mampu bertahan hingga saat ini. Pertunjukan Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Penyebutan Tari Topeng Cirebon Slangit disebut sebagai pertunjukan tari dikarenakan pada pertunjukkan ada yang penarinya mengenakan topeng dan saatnya penari mengenakan penutup muka penutup kepala yaitu sobrah (Lasmiyati, / kedok. 2011). Terdapat juga salah satu Tari Topeng Pertunjukan Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit yang tidak menggunakan adalah sebuah pertunjukan yang memiliki sobrah. Tari Topeng Tumenggung yang gaya tersendiri. Gaya itu sendiri merupakan dapat dicermati dan dikaji, sebab dari prosedur karakteristik yang memberi arti, semua karakter Topeng Panca wanda Tari identifikasi dan kontribusi tertentu. Para Topeng Tumenggung memiliki bentuk dalang topeng di wilayah Cirebon menyebar pertunjukan yang berbeda dengan keempat ke berbagai pelosok daerah, kemudian pada Tari Topeng gaya Slangit lainnya. masing-masing daerah itu berkembang Perbedaan yang paling menonjol dari Tari sendiri-sendiri dengan memunculkan Topeng Tumenggung dengan Tari Topeng berbagai gaya atau versi penampilan topeng lainnya yaitu pada busana bagian kepala, Cirebon, seperti gaya Slangit, Losari, dimana Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit Gegesik, Palimanan, dan Kreo, bahkan lainnya menggunakan hiasan kepala berupa penyebaran ini terjadi hingga ke luar daerah sobrah atau mahkota namun Tari Topeng yaitu Indramayu, dengan memunculkan Tumenggung tidak menggunakan sobrah pula gaya Indramayu (Ramlan, 2003, p. akan tetapi hanya menggunakan iket dan 59). Penyebutan Tari Topeng gaya Slangit topi atau peci pada kepalanya hingga Tari dikarenakan keberadaannya di desa Topeng Tumenggung disebut dengan “Tari Slangit. Slangit merupakan nama salah satu Topeng Peci” oleh masyarakat Desa Slangit desa yang ada di Kabupaten Cirebon. (observasi Fifit, 12 Januari 2020). Desa Slangit sangat terkenal dengan Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Tari Topengnya yaitu Tari Topeng Cirebon Slangit juga mempunyai ciri khas yaitu gaya Slangit, dengan demikian Tari Topeng adanya makna simbolik pada elemen Cirebon gaya Slangit lebih dikenal oleh pertunjukannya yaitu pada elemen pelaku/ masyarakat dan sudah termasuk pada penari, gerak, musik atau iringan, rias, kurikulum pembelajaran di beberapa busana, properti, pola lantai, dan sesaji. sekolah (Cirebon). Sanggar yang bertempat Kajian makna simbolik merupakan suatu di daerah Slangit lebih mengedepankan kajian yang penting dikarenakan suatu Tari Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit. Sanggar- yang diciptakan oleh seniman berdasarkan sanggar nya pun dipimpin oleh keturunan kesepakatan dan digunakan secara dari Tari Topeng gaya Slangit dan masih bersama, teratur dan begitu dipelajari pada rumpun keluarga, hingga sanggar Tari sehingga karya seni itu merupakan Topeng Cirebon gaya Slangit disebut kerangka yang penuh makna untuk sebagai “sanggar keluarga” (wawancara dikomunikasikan kepada yang lain sekaligus sebagai sebuah produk (Hadi, 2 Fifit Fitriyah Rosiana / Jurnal Seni Tari (10) (1) 2021 2007, p. 19). Masalah dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang adalah apa makna simbolik yang bersifat deskriptif, dimana menjelaskan terkandung dalam bentuk pertunjukan Tari atau mendeskripsikan makna simbolik Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit. Tujuan Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit. dari penelitian makna simbolik Tari Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit yaitu penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan semiotika. untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan Data primer dalam penelitian makna simbolik yang terkandung dalam makna simbolik Tari Topeng bentuk pertunjukan Tari Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit Cirebon yaitu Tumenggung gaya Slangit Cirebon. data mengenai makna simbolik Tari Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Topeng Tumenggung gaya Slangit, yakni menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan makna makna pelaku/penari, gerak, rias, busana, simbolik yang terkandung dalam bentuk iringan, properti, pola lantai dan sesaji. pertunjukan Tari Topeng Tumenggung Data sekunder dalam penelitian ini yaitu gaya Slangit. Tari memiliki berbagai simbol data yang diperoleh melalui dokumentasi yang memiliki arti. Langer membagi atau sanggar. mengkategorikan simbol menjadi dua Metode pengumpulan data tataran yaitu simbol diskursif dan simbol merupakan suatu hal yang penting dalam presentasional. Simbol diskursif adalah penelitian, karena metode ini merupakan simbol yang nalar atau pasti dan dibangun strategi atau cara yang digunakan oleh oleh berbagai unsur yang teratur dan dapat peneliti untuk memperoleh bahan-bahan, dipahami maknanya. Simbol keterangan, kenyataan-kenyataan, dan presentasional adalah simbol yang tidak informasi yang dapat dipercaya dapat diuraikan atau merupakan suatu (Widoyoko, 2012, p. 13). Teknik kesatuan bulat dan utuh (Sachari, 2002, p. pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini 18). Simbol diskursif pada Tari Topeng menggunakan metode observasi, Tumenggung gaya Slangit yaitu berupa wawancara, dan dokumentasi.
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