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Catalogue and Composition of Fossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)

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Catalogue and Composition of Fossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Catalogue and composition of fossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Dmitry Telnov and Andris Bukejs ABSTRACT Despite the increasing rate of systematic research on extant tenebrionoid Coleop- tera of the Anthicidae and Ischaliidae, their fossil records remained largely unrevised. In the current paper we review all hitherto named ant-like flower beetles and false fire- coloured beetles fossils. We suggest 17 fossil species can be reliably assigned to the Anthicidae and three species to the Ischaliidae. We proposed new placements for two fossil Anthicidae taxa: Petratypus nigri Kaddumi, 2005 moved from Anthicidae to Cucu- jiformia Familia incertae sedis and “Eurygenius” wickhami Cockerell, 1917 is re- described and moved from Eurygeniinae Anthicidae to Tenebrionoidea Familia and Genus incertae sedis. Additionally, three new species are described from Eocene Bal- tic amber, namely Nitorus succinius sp. nov., Steropes eleticinoides sp. nov. and Tomoderus saecularis sp. nov. An annotated catalogue of fossil Anthicidae and Ischali- idae is provided. We made a qualitative analysis of available data, evaluated the distri- bution of fossils in the light of current biogeography and geological time. The oldest hitherto known fossil record of the Anthicidae is 130.0–125.5 Ma (same for Macratri- inae), of the Anthicinae – 37.2–33.9 Ma, of the Eurygeniinae – 55.8–48.6 Ma, of the Notoxinae, Steropinae and Tomoderinae – 37.2–33.9 Ma. The oldest hitherto know fos- sil record of the Ischaliidae is 37.2–33.9 Ma. Dmitry Telnov. (ORCID: 0000-0003-3412-0089) Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, United Kingdom. [email protected] and Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera iela 3, LV-2169, Salaspils, Latvia Andris Bukejs. Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Vienības iela 13, LV- 5401, Daugavpils, Latvia. [email protected] Keywords: fossils; review; new species; new placements; critical features Submission: 9 May 2018. Acceptance: 18 March 2-19. http://zoobank.org/FDB6E319-C6D9-4861-89CE-E895C8C9D782 Telnov, Dmitry and Bukejs, Andris. 2019. Catalogue and composition of fossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Palaeontologia Electronica 22.1.18A 1-27. https://doi.org/10.26879/885 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2019/2484-fossil-anthicidae-ischaliidae Copyright: April 2019 Paleontological Society. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits users to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, provided it is not used for commercial purposes and the original author and source are credited, with indications if any changes are made. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ TELNOV & BUKEJS: FOSSIL ANTHICIDAE, ISCHALIIDAE INTRODUCTION We plan to catalogue the currently known fos- sil records of the Anthicidae and Ischaliidae, Anthicidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), ant-like describe new species and solve nomenclatural flower beetles, is a large group of Tenebrionoidea uncertainties, provide a preliminary analysis of with a cosmopolitan distribution (Chandler, 2010) minimal age of the main subgroups, briefly discuss and over 3500 species (Telnov, 2008) in eight sub- their morphological features and compile refer- families (Chandler, 2010). Two groups of uncertain ences on the included taxa. placements, until recently arranged to the Anthici- dae, are the Afreminae and Lagrioidinae (Law- MATERIALS AND METHODS rence et al., 2010). There are various fossil records for ant-like flower beetles from around the world. The published data on fossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), false fire- Ischaliidae are summarized from previous reports coloured beetles, is a small monotypic family of and supplemented with three new species and nearly 50 species almost exclusively of Northern additional records described in this paper. The cat- Hemisphere distribution (Gusakov and Telnov, alogue comprises the following data: full valid 2007; Young, 2011), with few fossil records from taxon name, synonymy (if applicable), list of refer- Eocene Baltic amber (Alekseev and Bukejs, 2017). ences and age of fossil records. The nomenclature There has never been a phylogenetic analysis of the Anthicidae generally follows Chandler at the family level for either Anthicidae or Ischalii- (2010), of the Ischaliidae – Gusakov and Telnov dae. The Anthicidae has not been formally estab- (2007), Young (2011). All taxa are listed alphabeti- lished as a monophyletic group, and the family, cally since a phylogenetic arrangement is currently particularly the Steropinae, is morphologically impossible. Authors’ comments are placed in close to the Eleticinae (Meloidae) (Chandler, 2010) square brackets. Specimens were studied using a and Macratriinae appear closer to Ischaliidae than Leica® S6D stereomicroscope and photographed to Anthicinae (Batelka et al. 2016). Afreminae and using a Canon® EOS 450D DSLR camera Lagrioidinae may not be monophyletic with the attached to this stereomicroscope. Multiple photo- Anthicidae (Lawrence and Ślipiński, 2013), and we graphs were taken at different focal planes and follow Lawrence et al. (2010) who treated them as reassembled using CombineZP software. Tenebrionoidea incertae sedis (no fossils are known for these two groups). While knowledge of Institutional Abbreviations morphological evolution and biogeography of the The material examined is deposited in the fol- Anthicidae has grown considerably over the last lowing collections: few decades, their fossils have remained insuffi- - Center of Natural History (CeNak) (formerly ciently studied, with sparse records scattered over Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und numerous publications with the first known records Museum, GPIH) of the University of Hamburg, published already 180 years ago (Hope, 1836). In GPIH (Hamburg, Germany); contrast, the first fossil representative of the - Kaliningrad Amber Museum, KAM (Kaliningrad, Ischaliidae was only described a few years ago Russia); (Alekseev and Telnov, 2016). - Latvian Natural History Museum, LDM (Rīga, Fossils represent an essential data source for Latvia); resolving relationships, understanding morphologi- - Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava, MCNA cal character evolution and assessing the tempo (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain); and mode of diversification (Tarasov et al., 2016). - Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Marseille, We argue that the minimal age for the Anthicidae MHNM (Marseille, France); should be aligned with the age of Camelomorpha - Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, MNHN longicervix Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk (Paris, France); and Azar, 2008 (Macratriinae), of which the oldest - Natural History Museum (British Museum, Nat- record is from the Early Cretaceous. Afreminae ural History), BMNH (London, United Kingdom); and Lagrioidinae may not be monophyletic with the - Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, YPM Anthicidae (Lawrence and Ślipiński, 2013), and we (New Haven, USA); follow Lawrence et al. (2010) who treated them as - collection of Christel and Hans Werner Hof- Tenebrionoidea incertae sedis (no fossils are feins, CCHH (Hamburg, Germany) subse- known for these two groups). For the Ischaliidae, quently will be deposited in the collection of the all known fossil records are from the Eocene. Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, SDEI (Müncheberg, Germany); and 2 PALAEO-ELECTRONICA.ORG - collection of Francisco Molino-Olmedo, CMOM sal forebody densely punctured, opaque (sparsely (Mancha Real (Jaén), Spain). punctured and smooth in N. succinius sp. nov.) and elytra are less strong punctured in basal half in SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY these species (basal half of elytra covered with Descriptions of New Taxa dense and deep punctures in N. succinius sp. nov.). Nitorus sensitivus (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) Order COLEOPTERA Linnaeus, 1758 (N India, Nepal) has much longer (extending to Suborder POLYPHAGA Emery, 1886 mid-length of elytra) and slender antennae, Superfamily TENEBRIONOIDEA Latreille, 1802 tapered head base (broadly rounded in N. suc- Family ANTHICIDAE Latreille, 1819 cinius sp. nov.), disc of pronotum with very large, Subfamily ANTHICINAE Latreille, 1819 irregular, coarse but shallow punctures in basal Tribus ANTHICINI Latreille, 1819 half (punctures are sparse, deep and not coarse in Genus NITORUS Telnov, 2007 N. succinius sp. nov.). Other extant Nitorus species Remark. The specimen considered here was with pale forebody and dark coloured elytra all assigned to the genus Nitorus within the tribe Anth- have pale elytral markings or transverse hair icini, based on the following morphological charac- bands. Also in generally paler coloured species ters: (1) mesosternum simple, laterally curved to (like orange to pale castaneous Indian N. brevitar- the mesocoxal cavities, (2) mesocoxal cavities not sis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) or Oriental N. lictor isolated from mesepisterna, (3) lateral margins of (Fairmaire, 1896)) a paler (white or almost white) mesosternum nearly straight, (4) mesepisterna transverse elytral band is present in postbasal without fringe of setae and glossy, (5) elytra with transverse impression. distinct postbasal transverse impression and (6) Description. Measurements: Total body length dorsal body smooth, glossy and sparsely pubes- about 2.8 mm [exposed last visible ventrites cent. excluded], maximum
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