Volume XXII, No. 1, Issue 53, 1979 Mountains Are
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Los Cien Montes Más Prominentes Del Planeta D
LOS CIEN MONTES MÁS PROMINENTES DEL PLANETA D. Metzler, E. Jurgalski, J. de Ferranti, A. Maizlish Nº Nombre Alt. Prom. Situación Lat. Long. Collado de referencia Alt. Lat. Long. 1 MOUNT EVEREST 8848 8848 Nepal/Tibet (China) 27°59'18" 86°55'27" 0 2 ACONCAGUA 6962 6962 Argentina -32°39'12" -70°00'39" 0 3 DENALI / MOUNT McKINLEY 6194 6144 Alaska (USA) 63°04'12" -151°00'15" SSW of Rivas (Nicaragua) 50 11°23'03" -85°51'11" 4 KILIMANJARO (KIBO) 5895 5885 Tanzania -3°04'33" 37°21'06" near Suez Canal 10 30°33'21" 32°07'04" 5 COLON/BOLIVAR * 5775 5584 Colombia 10°50'21" -73°41'09" local 191 10°43'51" -72°57'37" 6 MOUNT LOGAN 5959 5250 Yukon (Canada) 60°34'00" -140°24’14“ Mentasta Pass 709 62°55'19" -143°40’08“ 7 PICO DE ORIZABA / CITLALTÉPETL 5636 4922 Mexico 19°01'48" -97°16'15" Champagne Pass 714 60°47'26" -136°25'15" 8 VINSON MASSIF 4892 4892 Antarctica -78°31’32“ -85°37’02“ 0 New Guinea (Indonesia, Irian 9 PUNCAK JAYA / CARSTENSZ PYRAMID 4884 4884 -4°03'48" 137°11'09" 0 Jaya) 10 EL'BRUS 5642 4741 Russia 43°21'12" 42°26'21" West Pakistan 901 26°33'39" 63°39'17" 11 MONT BLANC 4808 4695 France 45°49'57" 06°51'52" near Ozero Kubenskoye 113 60°42'12" c.37°07'46" 12 DAMAVAND 5610 4667 Iran 35°57'18" 52°06'36" South of Kaukasus 943 42°01'27" 43°29'54" 13 KLYUCHEVSKAYA 4750 4649 Kamchatka (Russia) 56°03'15" 160°38'27" 101 60°23'27" 163°53'09" 14 NANGA PARBAT 8125 4608 Pakistan 35°14'21" 74°35'27" Zoji La 3517 34°16'39" 75°28'16" 15 MAUNA KEA 4205 4205 Hawaii (USA) 19°49'14" -155°28’05“ 0 16 JENGISH CHOKUSU 7435 4144 Kyrghysztan/China 42°02'15" 80°07'30" -
Folleto Inglés (1.995Mb)
Impressive trails Trekking in Áncash Trekking trails in Santa Cruz © J. Vallejo / PROMPERÚ Trekking trails in Áncash Áncash Capital: Huaraz Temperature Max.: 27 ºC Min.: 7 ºC Highest elevation Max.: 3090 meters Three ideal trekking trails: 1. HUAYHUASH MOUNTAIN RANGE RESERVED AREA Circuit: The Huayhuash Mountain Range 2. HUASCARÁN NATIONAL PARK SOUTH AND HUARAZ Circuit: Olleros-Chavín Circuit: Day treks from Huaraz Circuit: Quillcayhuanca-Cójup 3. HUASCARÁN NATIONAL PARK NORTH Circuit: Llanganuco-Santa Cruz Circuit: Los Cedros-Alpamayo HUAYHUASH MOUNTAIN RANGE RESERVED AREA Circuit: Huayhuash Mountain Range (2-12 days) 45 km from Chiquián to Llámac to the start of the trek (1 hr. 45 min. by car). This trail is regarded one of the most spectacular in the world. It is very popular among mountaineering enthusiasts, since six of its many summits exceed 6000 meters in elevation. Mount Yerupajá (6634 meters) is one such example: it is the country’s second highest peak. Several trails which vary in length between 45 and 180 kilometers are available, with hiking times from as few as two days to as many as twelve. The options include: • Circle the mountain range: (Llámac-Pocpa-Queropalca Quishuarcancha-Túpac Amaru-Uramaza-Huayllapa-Pacllón): 180 km (10-12 days). • Llámac-Jahuacocha: 28 km (2-3 days). Most hikers begin in Llámac or Matacancha. Diverse landscapes of singular beauty are clearly visible along the treks: dozens of rivers; a great variety of flora and fauna; turquoise colored lagoons, such as Jahuacocha, Mitucocha, Carhuacocha, and Viconga, and; the spectacular snow caps of Rondoy (5870 m), Jirishanca (6094 m), Siulá (6344 m), and Diablo Mudo (5223 m). -
The Lichen Genus Hypogymnia in Southwest China Article
Mycosphere 5 (1): 27–76 (2014) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2014 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/5/1/2 The lichen genus Hypogymnia in southwest China McCune B1 and Wang LS2 1 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 U.S.A. 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, China McCune B, Wang LS 2014 – The lichen genus Hypogymnia in southwest China. Mycosphere 5(1), 27–76, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/5/1/2 Abstract A total of 36 species of Hypogymnia are known from southwestern China. This region is a center of biodiversity for the genus. Hypogymnia capitata, H. nitida, H. saxicola, H. pendula, and H. tenuispora are newly described species from Yunnan and Sichuan. Olivetoric acid is new as a major lichen substance in Hypogymnia, occurring only in H. capitata. A key and illustrations are given for the species known from this region, along with five species from adjoining regions that might be confused or have historically been misidentified in this region. Key words – Lecanorales – lichenized ascomycetes – Parmeliaceae – Shaanxi – Sichuan – Tibet – Yunnan – Xizang. Introduction The first major collections of Hypogymnia from southwestern China were by Handel- Mazzetti, from which Zahlbruckner (1930) reported six species now placed in Hypogymnia, and Harry Smith (1921-1934, published piecewise by other authors; Herner 1988). Since the last checklist of lichens in China (Wei 1991), which reported 16 species of Hypogymnia from the southwestern provinces, numerous species of Hypogymnia from southwestern China have been described or revised (Chen 1994, Wei & Bi 1998, McCune & Obermayer 2001, McCune et al. -
Rutas Imponentes Rutas De Trekking En Áncash Ruta De Trekking Santa Cruz © J
Rutas imponentes Rutas de trekking en Áncash de Santa Cruz © J. Vallejo / PROMPERÚ trekking Ruta de Rutas de trekking en Áncash Áncash Capital: Huaraz Temperatura Máx.: 27 ºC Mín.: 7 ºC Altitud Máx.: 3090 msnm Tres rutas ideales para la práctica de trekking: 1. ZONA RESERVADA CORDILLERA HUAYHUASH (ZRCH) Circuito: Cordillera Huayhuash 2. PARQUE NACIONAL HUASCARÁN (PNH) SUR Y HUARAZ Circuito: Olleros-Chavín Circuito: Trekkings de 1 día desde Huaraz Circuito: Quillcayhuanca-Cójup 3. PARQUE NACIONAL HUASCARÁN (PNH) NORTE Circuito: Llanganuco-Santa Cruz Circuito: Los Cedros-Alpamayo ZONA RESERVADA CORDILLERA HUAYHUASH (ZRCH) Circuito: Cordillera Huayhuash (2-12 días) A 45 km de Chiquián a Llámac, donde se inicia la caminata (1 h 45 min en auto). Esta ruta es considerada como uno de los 10 circuitos más espectaculares en el mundo para el trekking. Además, es muy popular entre los aficionados al andinismo, pues entre sus múltiples cumbres, seis superan los 6000 m.s.n.m. Tal es el caso del nevado Yerupajá (6634 m.s.n.m.), el segundo más alto del país. Se pueden realizar diversas rutas que demandan entre 2 a 12 días de camino, por lo que la longitud del trekking varía según el tiempo de recorrido, siendo los promedios entre 45 y 180 kilómetros, así tenemos: • Rodear la cordillera (Llámac-Pocpa-Queropalca Quishuarcancha-Túpac Amaru-Uramaza-Huayllapa- Pacllón): 180 km (10-12 días). • Llámac-Jahuacocha: 28 km (2-3 días). La mayoría de caminantes suelen iniciar el recorrido en Llámac o Matacancha. Durante el recorrido es posible apreciar diversos paisajes de singular belleza como los espectaculares nevados: Rondoy (5870 m), Jirishanca (6094 m), Siulá (6344 m), Diablo Mudo (5223 m), entre otros; decenas de ríos; lagunas color turquesa como Jahuacocha, Mitucocha, Carhuacocha y Viconga; una gran diversidad de flora y fauna. -
GIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia
CIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia Compiled and edited by J. MacKinnon, Xie Yan, 1. Lysenko, S. Chape, I. May and C. Brown March 2005 IUCN V 9> m The World Conservation Union UNEP WCMC Digitized by the Internet Archive in 20/10 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/gisassessmentofs05mack GIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia Compiled and edited by J. MacKinnon, Xie Yan, I. Lysenko, S. Chape, I. May and C. Brown March 2005 UNEP-WCMC IUCN - The World Conservation Union The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, UNEP-WCMC, and IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNEP-WCMC or its collaborators have obtained base data from documented sources believed to be reliable and made all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the data. UNEP-WCMC does not warrant the accuracy or reliability of the base data and excludes all conditions, warranties, undertakings and terms express or implied whether by statute, common law, trade usage, course of dealings or otherwise (including the fitness of the data for its intended use) to the fullest extent permitted by law. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNEP, UNEP-WCMC, and IUCN. Produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Cffti IUCN UNEP WCMC The World Conservation Union Copyright: © 2005 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. -
INVITATION to the ANDES. John C. Oberlin
INVITATION TO THE ANDES INVITATION TO THE ANDES . • BY JOHN C. OBERLIN (Names of mountains printed in italic are unofficial.) ......... Scottish Himalayan Expedition and other similar small parties have stimulated the hopes and aroused the ambitions of young · mountaineers, not only of Great Britain, but also of North America. lt demonstrated that the right sort of amateur party with limited funds could nevertheless explore and· climb in a remote region with eminent satisfaction and success. Many are eager to follow the example. I suggest that the Andes of Peru may offer what they seek. Peru ~s a magnificent country, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west but largely draining into the Atlantic. This apparent anomaly is due to the extensive series of mountain ranges relatively near the coast which rise above 2o,ooo ft. and separate the strip of dry coastal plain from the luxuriant forests of the Amazon basin. .Most of the higher peaks are sheathed in snow and ice and many remain unclimbed despite the ready accessibility of their bases, for the simple reason that they are both difficult and dangerous. Other very large peaks, such as the volcano Coropuna (6,613 m.), offer no real problem other than their size. If the proper time of year is s~lected the weather is both com fortable and reliable, despite proximity to the equator, due to the effect of the cold Humboldt Current along· the coast and to the altitude of the valleys from which the peaks are reached. The Peruvians are friendly and most hospitable, and living and travel expenses are low. -
TAXODIACEAE.Publishe
Flora of China 4: 54–61. 1999. 1 TAXODIACEAE 杉科 shan ke Fu Liguo (傅立国 Fu Li-kuo)1, Yu Yongfu (于永福)2; Robert R. Mill3 Trees evergreen, semievergreen, or deciduous, monoecious; trunk straight; main branches ± whorled. Leaves spirally arranged or scattered (decussate in Metasequoia), monomorphic, dimorphic, or trimorphic on same tree, lanceolate, subulate, scalelike, or linear. Microsporophylls and cone scales spirally arranged (decussate in Metasequoia). Pollen cones borne in panicles, or solitary or clustered at branch apices, or axillary, small; microsporangia with (2 or)3 or 4(–9) pollen sacs; pollen nonsaccate. Seed cones terminal or borne near apex of previous year’s growth, ripening in 1st year, persistent or late deciduous; cone scales developing after ovules originate in bract axils; bracts and cone scales usually spirally aranged (decussate in Metasequoia), sessile, opening when ripe (falling in Taxodium), semiconnate and free only at apex, or completely united; bracts occasionally rudimentary (in Taiwania); ovules 2–9 per bract axil, erect or pendulous; cone scales of mature cones flattened or shield-shaped, woody or leathery, 2–9-seeded on abaxial side. Seeds flat or triangular, wingless (in Taxodium), narrowly winged all round or on 2 sides, or with a long wing on proximal part. Cotyledons 2–9. 2n = 22*. Nine genera and 12 species: Asia, North America, and (Athrotaxis D. Don) Tasmania; eight genera (one endemic, three introduced) and nine species (one endemic, four introduced) in China. A merger of the Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae is increasingly supported by both morphological and molecular evidence (see note under Cupressaceae). However, the two groups are kept as separate families here for pragmatic reasons. -
Global Variations in Erosion of Young Orogens: Swath Profile Comparison of Climatic, Erosional and Topographic Metrics to Long-Term Exhumation Rates
Pro gradu -tutkielma Geologia Kallioperägeologia, taloudellinen geologia ja geodynamiikka Global variations in erosion of young orogens: Swath profile comparison of climatic, erosional and topographic metrics to long-term exhumation rates Niclas Blomqvist 2016 Ohjaaja(t): David Whipp HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO MATEMAATTIS-LUONNONTIETEELLINEN TIEDEKUNTA GEOTIETEIDEN JA MAANTIETEEN LAITOS GEOLOGIA PL 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2) 00014 Helsingin yliopisto Tiedekunta/Osasto Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Laitos/Institution– Department Faculty of Science Department of Geosciences and Geography Tekijä/Författare – Author Niclas Blomqvist Työn nimi / Arbetets titel – Title Global variations in erosion of young orogens: Swath profile comparison of climatic, erosional and topographic metrics to long-term exhumation rates Oppiaine /Läroämne – Subject Geology Työn laji/Arbetets art – Level Aika/Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä/ Sidoantal – Number of pages Masters thesis 02/2016 185 Tiivistelmä/Referat – Abstract The topography of the Earth’s surface is the result of the interaction of tectonics, erosion and climate. Thus, topography should contain a record of these processes that can be extracted by topographic analysis. The question considered in this study is whether the spatial variations in erosion that have sculpted the modern topography are representative of the long-term erosion rates in mountainous regions. We compare long-term erosion rates derived from low-temperature thermochronometry to erosional proxies calculated from topographic and climatic data analysis. The study has been performed on a global scale including six orogens: The Himalaya, Andes, Taiwan, Olympic Mountains, Southern Alps in New Zealand and European Alps. The data was analyzed using a new swath profile analysis tool for ArcGIS called ArcSwath to determine the correlations between the long-term erosion rates and modern elevations, slope angles, relief in 2.5-km- and 5-km-diameter circles, erosion potential, normalized channel steepness index ksn, and annual rainfall. -
D Altitud: 6025 Masl Artesonraju Is Located in The
ADVANCED LEVEL Grade: D Altitud: 6025 m.a.s.l. Artesonraju is located in the Santa Cruz and Paron Valleys. Artesonraju is an exciting and challenging climb that provides climbers exciting alpine rock and ice climbing, steep snowfields and an exposed ridge. Climbers will enjoy views of Santa Cruz Grande, Taulliraju, among others. Many suggest that Artesonraju, with its beautiful pyramid shape, is the mountain that is shown in the Paramount Pictures logo. Day 1: Huaraz – Cashapampa – Llamacorral (3760masl/12335’) This morning we’ll pick you up at your hotel and head towards the Callejón de Huaylas on the north side of Huaraz. As we head out of Huaraz the scenery quickly changes to beautiful traditional Andean villages and farmland. We’ll pass through Carhuaz, its name derived from qarwash which means yellow, and the color of the retama flower (broom flowers) known to the area (2650m/8692ft). Here we will find traditional homemade ice-cream, fresh milk, and the freshest local fruits. We continue and eventually reach the small town of Yungay. This town was completely buried by an avalanche that crashed down from Mt. Huascarán’s north peak in 1970. From here we begin our climb up the Llanganuco Valley to the entrance to the Llanganuco Valley where we will register at the National Park Control station. From here we pass the two lakes that are generally called the Llanganuco Lakes - Chinancocha and Orconcocha. On a clear day we will be humbled by the impressive peaks looming above including Huascarán, Chopicalqui, Pisco, Huandoy, and Chacraraju. After organizing our burros and loading up our gear, we’ll hike with day packs to Llamacorral (3760masl), where we’ll camp for the night. -
List of Registered Vessels Effective Date for EPD Reg
Environmental Protection Department Extended Port Facilities and Light Dues Incentive Scheme List of Registered Vessels Effective date for EPD Reg. registration Vessel Name IMO No. Call Sign Type of Vessel Nationality of Vessel Remarks No. (DD/MM/YYYY) N00001 1/7/2015 MAGNAVIA 9122447 A8BI5 CONTAINER LIBERIA N00002 1/7/2015 KARIN 9220433 A8IK5 CONTAINER LIBERIA N00003 1/7/2015 UNI ASSENT 9130585 3FBD9 CONTAINER PANAMA N00004 1/7/2015 UNI ASPIRE 9130573 3FVN8 CONTAINER PANAMA N00005 1/7/2015 UNI POPULAR 9202209 3FZG9 CONTAINER PANAMA N00006 1/7/2015 EVER PRIDE 9249233 VQGH8 CONTAINER UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN N00007 1/7/2015 EVER UNITED 9116589 9V7957 CONTAINER SINGAPORE N00008 1/7/2015 EVER DYNAMIC 9142198 3FUB8 CONTAINER PANAMA N00009 1/7/2015 VANTAGE 9628192 9HA3435 CONTAINER MALTA N00010 1/7/2015 KARMEN 8906731 A8XJ9 CONTAINER LIBERIA N00011 1/7/2015 EVER UNIFIC 9168843 9V7961 CONTAINER SINGAPORE N00012 1/7/2015 ITAL MODERNA 9349629 ICAM CONTAINER ITALY N00013 1/7/2015 EVER PRIMA 9249245 VQUK5 CONTAINER UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN N00014 1/7/2015 EVER DEVELOP 9142174 3FLF8 CONTAINER PANAMA N00015 1/7/2015 VALUE 9628166 9HA3355 CONTAINER MALTA N00016 1/7/2015 EVER LENIENT 9604146 2HDF9 CONTAINER UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN N00017 1/7/2015 ITAL UNIVERSO 9196993 IBSP CONTAINER ITALY N00018 1/7/2015 UNI PACIFIC 9202156 3FCE9 CONTAINER PANAMA N00019 1/7/2015 EVER SMILE 9300415 MLTH5 CONTAINER UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN N00020 1/7/2015 EVER SMART 9300403 MLBD9 CONTAINER UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN N00021 1/7/2015 EVER -
Accidente En El Nevado Quitaraju Distrito De Santa Cruz - Ancash I
REPORTE COMPLEMENTARIO N° 1596 - 02/08/2019 / COEN – INDECI/11:00 HORAS (Reporte N° 03) ACCIDENTE EN EL NEVADO QUITARAJU DISTRITO DE SANTA CRUZ - ANCASH I. HECHOS: El 31 de julio 2019, aproximadamente a las 10:00 horas, se registró el accidente de dos turistas de nacionalidad Francesa, causando daños a la salud, en el nevado de Quitaraju, distrito de Santa Cruz, provincia de Huaylas. II. UBICACIÓN: DEPARTAMENTO PROVINCIA DISTRITO SECTOR ANCASH HUAYLAS SANTA CRUZ NEVADO DE QUITARAJU III. MAPA SITUACIONAL: Elaborado por: R. Leandro A. Elaborado por: R. Leandro A. Distribución: Casa de Gobierno, PCM, Ministerios, Gobiernos Regionales y Locales. CENTRO DE OPERACIONES DE EMERGENCIA NACIONAL Av. El Sol, Cdra. 4 - Chorrillos, Lima – Perú. Tel. +511 224-1685 • www. indeci.gob.pe Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/COENPeru •Twitter: https://twitter.com/COENPeru IV. EJECUCION PRESUPUESTAL: Fecha de la Consulta: 02-agosto-2019 REDUCCION DE VULNERABILIDAD Y ATENCION DE EMERGENCIAS POR DESASTRES Nivel de Gobierno M: GOBIERNOS LOCALES Gob.Loc./Mancom. M: MUNICIPALIDADES Departamento 02: ANCASH Avance Municipalidad PIA PIM % MUNICIPALIDAD DISTRITAL DE SANTA CRUZ 0 105,000 95.2 Fuente: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas. V. EVALUACIÓN PRELIMINAR DE DAÑOS: Actualizado al 02 de agosto de 2019, a las 11:00 horas VIDA Y SALUD UBICACIÓN PERSONAS PERSONA DESAPARECIDAS FALLECIDA DPTO. ANCASH PROV. HUAYLAS DIST. SANTA CRUZ 2 1 Nota: En proceso de evaluación. Fuente: Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia Regional de Ancash. VI. ACCIONES: Viernes , 02 de agosto de 2019 El Departamento de Salvamento de Alta Montaña de la Policía Nacional del Perú, informó que el grupo de rescatistas asignados para la búsqueda y rescate, hallaron el cadáver de uno de los tres turistas franceses accidentados en el nevado de Quitaraju, el cual será trasladado al campo base del nevado del Alpamayo y posteriormente evacuado hacia la ciudad de Huaraz en el Helicóptero FAP MI-17 603, así mismo se continua con la búsqueda de las dos personas desaparecidas. -
A Rich Feast Big Dreams
WWW.MOUNTAINEERS.ORG SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2014 • VOLUME 108 • NO. 5 MountaineerEXPLORE • LEARN • CONSERVE Big Dreams a journey along the PCT PAGE 23 A Rich Feast in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru PAGE 28 tableofcontents Sept/Oct 2014 » Volume 108 » Number 5 The Mountaineers enriches lives and communities by helping people explore, conserve, learn about and enjoy the lands and waters of the Pacific Northwest and beyond. Features 23 Big Dreams a journey along the PCT 28 A Rich Feast in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru Columns 7 MEMBER highLighT 23 Isabel Suhr and her 10 essential answers 8 ConservatiON Currents Protecting the Outdoor Experience 10 Impact giViNg Support at a Higher Level 12 OUTDOOR EDUCation A Mountain for All Ages 14 TraiL TALk High Speed Wilderness 17 Natures WAY The Subtle Joys of Autumn 17 OUR SECRET rainier The Subtle Joys of Autumn 32 RETRO rewinD 28 Lloyd and Mary Anderson's Legacy DiscoVER THE MOUNtaiNEERS Mountaineer magazine would like to thank The Mountaineers If you are thinking of joining — or have joined and aren’t sure where Foundation for its financial assistance. The Foundation operates to start — why not set a date to Meet The Mountainers? Check the as a separate organization from The Mountaineers, which has received about one-third of the Foundation’s gifts to various Branching Out section of the magazine for times and locations of nonprofit organizations. informational meetings at each of our seven branches. Mountaineer uses: CLEAR on the cover: Heather Anderson hikes along the Pacific Crest Trail. Story on page 23. photographer: Sean Fields AREA 2 the mountaineer » sept/oct 2014 tyingin The Mountaineers is a non- The Tradition of Volunteerism profit organization, founded in 1906 and dedicated to the If you’ve been a member of The Mountaineers responsible enjoyment and for more than a couple of years, you’ve most protection of natural areas.