DOCSLIB.ORG

Literature Review on Poverty by Discussing Its Historical Context and Theoretical Perspectives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Literature Review on Poverty by Discussing Its Historical Context and Theoretical Perspectives Title Tourism, Poverty and Poverty Reduction in Msambweni District, Kenya Name Davis Wekesa Barasa This is a digitised version of a dissertation submitted to the University of Bedfordshire. It is available to view only. This item is subject to copyright. TOURISM, POVERTY AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN MSAMBWENI DISTRICT, KENYA by Davis Wekesa Barasa A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bedfordshire June 2010 ii TOURISM, POVERTY AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN MSAMBWENI DISTRICT, KENYA D.W. BARASA ABSTRACT This thesis examines the potential of tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction as perceived by local people in Msambweni district in Kenya. Whilst many studies in tourism have focused mainly on the macro-economic impacts of tourism in developing countries, there is little empirical work on understanding its effects upon poverty reduction. Furthermore, researches on how the poor or local people define poverty are also at their embryonic stage. The research utilises multiple qualitative methods and participatory approaches including focus group discussions and meetings. Key objectives of the research are: to critically analyse how poverty is conceptualised by local people; to identify the barriers to participation in the tourism industry and development process; and make recommendations on how to overcome them. The thesis reviews the theoretical framework of poverty within the discourse of development studies. Contrary to the conventional economic definition of poverty, poor people in Msambweni view it as a multidimensional concept. The understanding of the concept of poverty as perceived by the ‘poor’ themselves is critical for addressing barriers to their participation in the tourism development process and in designing meaningful tourism-led anti-poverty strategies. The thesis also reviews other relevant tourism concepts and development paradigms. The central argument of this thesis is that the current model of tourism development in Msambweni is not suitable for addressing poverty. The study identifies barriers to local people’s participation in tourism development in Msambweni. Key barriers include weak capacity in the context of physical, human, financial and institutional capital; corruption; poverty; lack of information; weak linkages with the local economy attributable to the lack of access to tourist markets; and the inability to develop and promote the ‘right’ types of tourism. Ecotourism, volunteer tourism and ‘philanthropy tourism’, although practiced on a small scale, are the most preferred types of tourism by local people. Philanthropy tourism, an emergent term of this study, involves tourists visiting local attractions, villages, and schools and making donations to support various projects. The study concludes that for tourism to have meaningful contribution to poverty reduction, barriers that limit local people’s participation must be addressed. There is also the need for a iii paradigm shift to embrace policies that facilitate the transfer of economic benefits from the macro-level towards the poor at the micro-level, combined with the development and promotion of the ‘right’ types of tourism as identified by local people. iv DEDICATION In memory of my father. To my loving wife – Vivien and children–Lewis, Oliver and Maxwell. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ iii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vi List of Tables ....................................................................................................... xiii List of Maps ......................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures ..................................................................................................... xiii List of Charts ....................................................................................................... xiii List of Boxes ....................................................................................................... xiii List of Plates ....................................................................................................... xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... xv DECLARATION ................................................................................................... xvii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................. xviii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Location of Kenya .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Overview of Tourism and Poverty in the World Economy ....................... 2 1.3 Highlights on Tourism in Kenya ................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Aim and Objectives ...................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Specific Objectives: ............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 The Study Area ............................................................................................... 7 1.5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.5.2 Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.3 Other Local People’s Livelihoods .................................................................................. 12 1.5.4 People, Politics, Power and Land Tenure ..................................................................... 16 1.5.5 Poverty................................................................................................................................... 19 1.6 Rationale for the Study ................................................................................. 20 1.7 Organisation of the Thesis and Brief Chapter Overviews ....................... 20 CHAPTER 2: UNDERSTANDING POVERTY ..................................................... 23 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Origin and History of Poverty ...................................................................... 24 2.3 What is Poverty? ........................................................................................... 25 2.4 Poverty and Deprivation ............................................................................... 28 vi 2.4.1 Physiological Model of Deprivation ............................................................................... 28 2.4.2 Social Model of Deprivation ............................................................................................. 30 2.5 Vulnerability and Poverty ............................................................................. 36 2.6 Poverty and Inequality: What is the Relationship? .................................. 37 2.7 Poverty as a Violation of Basic Human Rights ......................................... 40 2.8 How is Poverty Measured? .......................................................................... 41 2.8.1 Absolute Poverty ................................................................................................................ 43 2.8.2 Relative Poverty .................................................................................................................. 44 2.8.3 Deprivation of Capability and Freedoms ...................................................................... 45 2.9 Sustainable Livelihood Approach to Poverty............................................ 45 2.9.1 The Evolution and Definition of the SL Approach ...................................................... 46 2.9.2 Who has used SL and how? ............................................................................................ 48 2.9.3 Strengths of SL Approach ................................................................................................ 49 2.9.4 Critiques of SL Approach ................................................................................................. 50 2.10 Poverty Situation in Kenya: Causes and Strategies .............................. 51 2.11 Human Development in Kenya .................................................................. 57 2.12 Tourism Sector Poverty Strategy .............................................................. 59 2.13 Constituency Development Fund (CDF) .................................................. 59 2.14 Poverty Reduction Policies and Plans ..................................................... 60 2.15 Summary and Conclusions........................................................................ 61 CHAPTER 3: TOURISM, DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION ...... 63 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 63 3.2 Development Theories .................................................................................. 64 3.2.1 Modernisation Theory .......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Cape Town
    The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Politics, Ethnicity and Jostling for Power: The Evolution ofInstitutions of Muslim Leadersnip and Kednisnip in Colonial Kenya, 1895-19G3 Town Cape of University Thesis S1JbmitfeD in fulfilment oftOe requirements lor toe Degree ofDoctor ofPoilosopoy Department ofNeHgious StuDies UniYllrsily ofCape Town December 2003 Acknowledgements The journeys towards completion of this work have made me to incur debts of gratitude to many people and institutions who have generously given me financial assistance in the form offellowships, from others I gained inspiration, moral support and constructive criticism towards improving this study. It is my greatest pleasure to have been associated with and acknowledge them. lowe a monumental debt of gratitude to my thesis advisors, Prof. Abdulkader Tayob and Prof. Muhammad Bakari whom I have grown to respect over the years for according me the benefit of their knowledge and wise counsel as well as offering steady guidance while allowing me the freedom to pursue my own intellectual development. I appreciate their encouragement and mentoring. I have also had the opportunity to share my thoughts on some aspects of this work in various forums. I would particularly like to thank Prof. John Hunwick and Sean O'Fahey who accorded me the opportunity to spend spring 2002, as a fellow of the Institute of Islamic Thought in Africa (IS ITA) at Northwestern University.
    [Show full text]
  • MY AFRICA a Rare and Deeply Personal Itinerary, Unmatched by Other Big Tour-Group Organisations
    MY AFRICA A rare and deeply personal itinerary, unmatched by other big tour-group organisations. Unique to The African Touch, MY AFRICA is a chance to explore Kenya through the eyes of someone who understands it intimately. Founder and Tour Guide, Karoma Kimani, will take you on an unforgettable journey, discovering his Kenyan upbringing. Off the tourist route, first-hand, raw and real – you’ll explore the best of Karoma’s childhood memories. Over a diverse blend of Kenya’s finest, backed with Karoma’s knowledge, you’ll witness; culture, wildlife, archaeology, coastline, history and so much more. 22 nights Samburu-Ol Pejeta-Nakuru-Lake Naivasha-Nairobi-Amboseli- Tsavo East-Kilifi -Mombasa-Diani-Nairobi SAMBURU REGION (Days 1-6) It’s time to meet the Samburu people! From north-central Kenya, Samburu are semi-nomadic people who mainly herd Wildlife enthusiasts prepare to be enchanted. In this special cattle, but also keep sheep, goats and camels. They are relat- north-eastern region, we’ll spot many rare animals, including ed, but quite distinct from the Maasai ethnic group of South- grevy’s zebra, reticulated giraffe, beisa oryx, gerenuk & Somali ern Kenya. ostrich. Out and about will also be elephant, cheetah, lion and leopard. Birdlife variety is broad, including the Somali bee- eater and golden-breasted starlings. Ending our time in Samburu, we’ll take a walk along the base of Mount Kenya and visit the Mau Mau caves. Freedom fight- Next up we visit Save the Elephants (STE). Karoma grew up on ers used to hide here during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
    Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Ajuran in Kenya Americans, U.S. in Kenya Population: 190,000 Population: 11,000 World Popl: 190,000 World Popl: 193,332,200 Total Countries: 1 Total Countries: 104 People Cluster: Oromo People Cluster: Anglo-American Main Language: Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji Main Language: English Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Christianity Status: Unreached Status: Significantly reached Evangelicals: 0.30% Evangelicals: 29.0% Chr Adherents: 0.40% Chr Adherents: 80.0% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible Source: Rich Thompson www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Arab, Hadrami in Kenya Arab, Kenyan in Kenya Population: 13,000 Population: 15,000 World Popl: 1,960,100 World Popl: 703,600 Total Countries: 3 Total Countries: 31 People Cluster: Arab, Yemeni People Cluster: Arab, Arabian Main Language: Arabic, Hadrami Spoken Main Language: Swahili Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 0.20% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 1.00% Scripture: Portions Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Tribes of the World Source: Pat Brasil "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Arab, Omani in Kenya Arab, Yemeni in Kenya Population: 28,000 Population: 37,000
    [Show full text]
  • A Collection of 100 Digo (Mijikenda) Proverbs and Wise Sayings
    A COLLECTION OF 100 DIGO (MIJIKENDA) PROVERBS AND WISE SAYINGS BY MARGARET WAMBERE IRERI NAIROBI KENYA MARCH 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Special thanks go to the African Proverbs Working Group (APWG) Moderator, Father Joseph Healey of the Maryknoll Society for the financial support which helped me to successfully complete this project. I also thank the APWG Assistant Moderator, Cephas Agbemenu for providing the literary and technical support, and the APWG members for their moral support. I thank my uncle Jeremiah Kithaka, who devotedly helped me to link with the collaborators, and to compile this collection of proverbs and wise sayings from the Digo ethnic community. Thank you all for encouraging and enabling me to complete this project. DEDICATION I dedicate this work to: My uncle Jeremiah Kithaka, Who lives among the Mijikenda people, And My collaborator Hamisi Muaje Ndegwa Who hails from the Mijikenda community, in the southern coast of Kenya Thank you for your inspiration. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………… i Dedication ……………………………………………………………………………. ii Introduction …………………………………………………………………............. iii Images: The ethnographical location of the Digo (Mijikenda) ethnic group in Kenya ………………………………………………………………………… iii Digo ladies pounding maize using a traditional motar and pestles ………….. iv Kenyan Traditional Dance (Kayamba) Performed by Digo people, "Lawakera" ……………………………………………………………… v A kaya prayer hut in the kaya forest ……………………………………………… vi A Collection Of 100 Digo Proverbs And Wise Sayings 1. Achili ni nyere, chila mmwenga ana zakpwe. English: Intelligence is like hair, everyone has their own. ………………….. 1 2. Aendaye na vuto akauya na kusi. English: The flag follows the direction of the wind. ………………………... 1 3. Achiyetsupa mbere, siye myao. English: He who overtakes you is not your companion.
    [Show full text]
  • Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
    Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Chinese, general in Angola Arab in Burundi Population: 52,000 Population: 3,400 World Popl: 15,471,900 World Popl: 703,600 Total Countries: 62 Total Countries: 31 People Cluster: Chinese People Cluster: Arab, Arabian Main Language: Chinese, Mandarin Main Language: Arabic, North Levantine S Main Religion: Non-Religious Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.70% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 1.05% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Portions www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Ming Xia Source: Pat Brasil "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Gujarati in Burundi Swahili in Burundi Population: 2,800 Population: 13,000 World Popl: 3,367,100 World Popl: 1,808,600 Total Countries: 29 Total Countries: 25 People Cluster: South Asia Hindu - other People Cluster: Bantu, Swahili Main Language: Gujarati Main Language: Swahili Main Religion: Hinduism Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.20% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.60% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous Source: Luciano Rizzello - Flickr "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Arab in Comoros Comorian, Mwali in Comoros Population: 900
    [Show full text]
  • Securing the Future Managing Risk and Building Resilience Within Locally Controlled Forest Businesses
    Securing the future Managing risk and building resilience within locally controlled forest businesses Editors: Anna Bolin and Duncan Macqueen Securing the future Managing risk and building resilience within locally controlled forest businesses Edited by Anna Bolin and Duncan Macqueen About the editors Anna Bolin, researcher, Forest Team, Natural Resources Group, IIED. See www.iied.org/users/anna-bolin Duncan Macqueen, principal researcher, Forest Team, Natural Resources Group, IIED. See www.iied.org/users/duncan-macqueen Produced by IIED’s Natural Resources Group The aim of the Natural Resources Group is to build partnerships, capacity and wise decision- making for fair and sustainable use of natural resources. Our priority in pursuing this purpose is on local control and management of natural resources and other ecosystems. Published by IIED, March 2016 Bolin, A. and Macqueen, D. (eds.) (2016) Securing the future: Managing risk and building resilience within locally controlled forest businesses. IIED, London. See: http://pubs.iied.org/13587IIED Design by: Eileen Higgins, email: [email protected] Copyediting by: Holly Ashley, email: [email protected] Cover photo: Honey collection, Mondulkiri Forest Venture, Cambodia © Mr. Khorn Sophoeun/WWF Cambodia Printed by Full Spectrum Print Media, UK on 100% recycled paper using vegetable oil based ink. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) 80-86 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH Tel: +44 (0)20 3463 7399 Fax: +44 (0)20 3514 9055 Email: [email protected] www.iied.org @IIED www.facebook.com/theIIED Download more publications at www.iied.org/pubs Contents Acronyms, initials and abbreviations iv Acknowledgements vii Executive summary ix 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Perceptions of Islam in Kenya
    CHRISTIAN PERCEPTIONS OF ISLAM IN KENYA: AS EXPRESSED IN WRITTEN SOURCES FROM 1998 TO 2010 by MICHAEL DENNIS BRISLEN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Theology and Religion School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham July 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis explores how Kenyan Christians perceive Islam and Muslims. The thesis approaches the problem by examining various Christian writings. Substantial and representative Christian literature was found in the form of scholarly writing, produced by Kenyan mainline Christians, and in the form of popular literature, produced by Kenyan Neo- Pentecostals. The historiography of Islam entering into Kenya; and a historical look at Christian- Muslim relations in Kenya, with particularly an examination of the recent debate over the inclusion of kadhi courts in the constitution, were also examined. The combination of the historical and the literary approach provides breadth into the examination of how Christians in Kenya perceive Islam and Muslims. After an analysis of the history and the texts, several themes that emerge from this analysis are examined from two perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Abomey, Benin, 231 Africa: See Also Specific Countries and Regions
    Index Abomey, Benin, 231 ai-Hasan bin Sulaim an (Sultan of Kilwa) Africa: see also specific coun tries and regions (cant.) modem Islamic religion of, 100, 101 creation of, 19-20, 21- 23 relationship with Kilwa's surrounding area, urban industrial landscape of, 21-22 110-111 African American s, West-African cultural and ai-Hasan bin Talut (Sultan of Kilwa), 98 spiritual influences on, 230-231 al-Idrisi, 132, 174 African culture, Egyptian source of, 171-172 Ali ibn al Husain (Sultan of Kilwa), 110 African Diaspora, 14-15, 129-130, 219-241 al-Khuwarizmi, 172 African-derived cultures of, 219-220, 223- Allison, Philip, 189, 190, 191, 194, 196, 201- 224 202, 208, 213 African societal change and, 231-232 al-Mas'udi, 132, 135, 136 effect on agricultural production, 227 al-Mawahib, Abu, 100 interpretation of, 230- 232 Almoravid s, 168-169 Afrocent ric approach, in African historical al-Muhallabi, 173-174 archaeol ogy, 171-172 Alodia , Sudan , 52- 53 Agba, Nigeria , 193, 208 Alok, Nigeria, Cross River monoliths of, 190, Agriculture 203-204 in post-Meroitic Lower Nubia, 45, 46-47, 49 Amir Muhammed (Sultan of Kilwa), 114, 118 in West Africa, effect of slave trade on, 227 Anglo- Boer War (1880-1881), 334 women 's role in, 9 Animals : see also Cattle resources Aksum, Ethiopia, 40-41 symbolic significance of, 302 Akwanshi, 194, 201, 206- 209 Ankole royal settlement, Bweyorere, Uganda, al-Bakri , 174, 179 134 Alcacova, Diogo de, 102 Anthrop ology al-Dimashqi, 166-167 Africani st, 163 ai-Hasan bin Sulaiman (Sultan of Kilwa), 93, of colon ialism, 163,
    [Show full text]
  • Federalism and Inter-Clan Relations Along the Regional Borders of Oromia and Somali: a Case Study of Liban and Filtu Woredas
    Federalism and Inter-Clan Relations along the Regional Borders of Oromia and Somali: A Case Study of Liban and Filtu Woredas A Dissertation Submitted to the Center for Federal Studies of the College of Law and Governance Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Federalism and Governance Studies By Tesfaye Jima Birru Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Studies Center for Federal Studies June 2018, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Federalism and Inter-Clan Relations along the Regional Borders of Oromia and Somali: A Case Study of Liban and Filtu Woredas A Dissertation Submitted to the Center for Federal Studies of the College of Law and Governance Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Federalism and Governance Studies By Tesfaye Jima Birru Supervisors Dr. Getachew Kassa (Addis Ababa University) Dr. Mustafa Babiker (University of Khartoum) Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Studies Center for Federal Studies June 2018, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this PhD dissertation entitled Federalism and Inter-Clan Relations along the Regional Borders of Oromia and Somali: A Case Study of Liban and Filtu Woredas is my own original work, and has not been presented for a degree in any other university or academic institution, and that all source of materials used in the dissertation are fully acknowledged and properly referenced. Tesfaye Jima Birru _______________ Signature _______________ Date Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies Approval Sheet for the Supervisors This is to certify that this PhD dissertation entitled Federalism and Inter-Clan Relations along the Regional Borders of Oromia and Somali: A Case Study of Liban and Filtu Woredas, prepared by Tesfaye Jima Birru (Id.
    [Show full text]
  • Playing with Fire: Weapons Proliferation, Political Violence, And
    PLAYING WITH FIRE Weapons Proliferation, Political Violence, and Human Rights in Kenya NOTE: Thiselectronic copy does not reflect the formatting or page numbering of the bound, published version. Official published copies can be obtained via the Human Rights Watch website at http://store.yahoo.com/hrwpubs/index.html Human Rights Watch New York " Washington " London " Brussels Copyright © May 2002 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-275-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002105612 Cover photo: Families displaced by politically motivated violence in the Coast Province of Kenya in mid-1997. © 1997 Reuters Ltd. Cover design by Rafael Jiménez Addresses for Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10118-3299 Tel: (212) 290-4700, Fax: (212) 736-1300, E-mail: [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20009 Tel: (202) 612-4321, Fax: (202) 612-4333, E-mail: [email protected] 33 Islington High Street, N1 9LH London, UK Tel: (171) 713-1995, Fax: (171) 713-1800, E-mail: [email protected] 15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (2) 732-2009, Fax: (2) 732-0471, E-mail: [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Lis tserv address: To subscribe to the Human Rights Watch news e-mail list, send a blank e-mail message to [email protected]. Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DIGO MISSION of the ANGLICAN CHURCH of KENYA: Essays in Commemoration of 114 Years of Mission Work in Kwale County (1904-2018)
    THE DIGO MISSION OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA: Essays in Commemoration of 114 Years of Mission Work in Kwale County (1904-2018) COMPILING EDITOR: Julius Mutugi Gathogo ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDITOR: COSarahMPILING Wallace EDITOR: Julius Mutugi Gathogo ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDITOR: Sarah Wallace THE DIGO MISSION OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA: ESSAYS IN COMMEMORATION OF 114 YEARS OF MISSION WORK IN KWALE COUNTRY (1904-2018) Compiling Editor Julius Mutugi Gathogo English Language Editor Sarah Wallace 20 ISBN: 9780914368069 The Digo Mission: Essays in Commemoration of 114 Years of Mission Work in East Africa (1904-2018) Compiling editor, Julius Mutugi Gathogo English language editor, Sarah Wallace First Fruits Press, ©2020 Digital version at https://place.asburyseminary.edu/academicbooks/34 First Fruits Press is a digital imprint of the Asbury Theological Seminary, B.L. Fisher Library. Asbury Theological Seminary is the legal owner of the material previously published by the Pentecostal Publishing Co. and reserves the right to release new editions of this material as well as new material produced by Asbury Theological Seminary. Its publications are available for noncommercial and educational uses, such as research, teaching and private study. First Fruits Press has licensed the digital version of this work under the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/. For all other uses, contact: First Fruits Press B.L. Fisher Library Asbury Theological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave. Wilmore, KY 40390 http://place.asburyseminary.edu/firstfruits The Digo mission: essays in commemoration of 114 years of mission work in East Africa (1904-2018) The Digo mission: essays in commemoration of 114 years of mission work in East Africa (1904-2018) [electronic resource] / compiling editor, Julius Mutugi Gathogo ; English language editor, Sarah Wallace.
    [Show full text]
  • Digo Dictionary
    Mgombato Digo-English-Swahili Dictionary compiled by Joseph Mwalonya, Alison Nicolle, Steve Nicolle and Juma Zimbu Digo Language and Literacy Project Digo — English — Swahili Dictionary First published 2004 Electronic version updated 2005 Copyright © BTL BTL (East Africa) P.O. Box Box 44456 00-100 Nairobi, Kenya in cooperation with Digo Language and Literacy Project, P.O. Box 12, 80403 Kwale, Kenya All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 9966-00-066-6 ii Digo — English — Swahili Dictionary Preface This Digo-English-Swahili dictionary has been compiled as part of the ongoing work of the Digo Language and Literacy Project. This project is part of Bible Translation and Literacy (East Africa), a Kenyan non-governmental organisation which exists to promote the use of the local languages in education, community development, and religious activities. 1 The dictionary is intended for use by speakers of Chidigo, the Digo language, and also for non-Digos who want to learn more about the Digo language. More information about the Digo language and people can be found in the appendices at the back of the dictionary. This is a trilingual dictionary, that is, a dictionary in three languages: Digo (or Chidigo), English, and Swahili (or Kiswahili). Words and phrases in Digo are listed alphabetically in the dictionary and definitions of these words and phrases are given in English and Swahili.
    [Show full text]