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The Bryozoan Collection of the Museo Civico Di Zoologia of Rome

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The Bryozoan Collection of the Museo Civico Di Zoologia of Rome MUSEOLOGIA SCIENTIFICA nuova serie • 13: 35-39 • 2019 ISSN 1123-265X Museologia descrittiva e storica The Bryozoan collection of the Museo Civico di Zoologia of Rome Annamaria Epiceno Annamaria Epiceno - Alessandra Cera - Fabri- Museo Civico di Zoologia, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi, 18. I-00197 Roma. E-mail: [email protected] zio Michelangeli - Andrea Rulli - Samantha Alessandra Cera Zaggia Roma. E-mail: [email protected] Fabrizio Michelangeli Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5. I-00185 Roma. E-mail: [email protected] Andrea Rulli Roma. E-mail: [email protected] Samantha Zaggia Roma. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Museo Civico di Zoologia of Rome houses a collection of Bryozoa donated by Professor Carla Chimenz Gusso. The collection includes 1403 specimens preserved dried or in ethanol, 90 slides and 487 specimens on stubs (in gold). The collection also includes the types of Retevirgula akdenizae Chimenz, Nicoletti & Lippi Boncampi, 1997, and Plesiocleidochasma mediterraneum Chimenz Gusso & Soule, 2003. Most of the collection material was sampled in the Mediterranean Sea, largely off the Italian coasts, between the early 1970s and 2005. Besides species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, the collection houses rep- resentatives of some species of particular conservation interest because considered threatened. They are: Reteporella aporosa (Waters, 1895), Reteporella feuerbornii (Hass, 1948), Reteporella grimaldii (Jullien, 1903) and Myriapora truncata (Pallas, 1766). Key words: Bryozoa, museum collection, Rome. RIASSUNTO La collezione di Briozoi del Museo Civico di Zoologia di Roma Nel Museo Civico di Zoologia di Roma è custodita una collezione di Briozoi donata dalla professoressa Carla Chimenz Gusso. La collezione si compone di 1403 esemplari conservati sia a secco che in alcool, 90 campioni montati su vetrini e 487 campioni montati su supporto metallico in oro (stub). La collezione conserva inoltre gli esemplari tipo di Retevirgula akdenizae Chimenz, Nicoletti & Lippi Boncampi, 1997, e di Plesiocleidochasma mediterraneum Chimenz Gusso & Soule, 2003. Le specie conservate provengono per lo più da zone del Mediterraneo, in particolare dalle coste italiane, e sono il risultato di raccolte effettuate dal 1970 al 2005. La collezione vanta, oltre a esemplari di specie endemiche del Mediterraneo, colonie di alcune specie di particolare interesse conservazionistico in quanto classificate come minacciate: Reteporella aporosa (Waters, 1895), Reteporella feuerbornii (Hass, 1948), Reteporella grimaldii (Jullien, 1903) e Myriapora truncata (Pallas, 1766). Parole chiave: Bryozoa, collezione museale, Roma. INTRODUCTION structure made from either chitin or calcium car- bonate. Bryozoa are a phylum of almost 6000 species of Bryozoa have a calcareous skeleton, except for mem- aquatic organisms, mostly found in the marine en- bers of the freshwater class Phylactolaemata and the vironment (Bock & Gordon, 2013), with only a hun- mostly marine class Gymnolaemata, with the latter dred freshwater species (Massard & Geimer, 2008; belonging to the Order Ctenostomata, which have Bock & Gordon, 2013; Franjevi´c et al., 2015). non-calcified colonies (Bock et al., 2018). Depending Zooids, millimetre-sized bryozoan individuals, are on the species, bryozoan skeletons can consist of sessile suspension feeders that form colonies and that calcite, or aragonite, or of a combination of these two are usually enclosed in an exoskeleton, a protective minerals (Lombardi et al., 2008; Taylor et al., 2016). THE BRYOZOAN COLLECTION OF THE MUSEO CIVICO DI ZOOLOGIA OF ROME 35 Bryozoa are “bioconstructors” organisms due to context. It includes many type species as well as hun- their ability to form a permanent, dynamic struc- dreds of species (fossils included) from all over the ture (Cocito, 2004). These bioconstructions are of world. It is the result of research activity spanning considerable importance because they not only cre- 30 years carried out by Professor Antonietta Rosso. ate habitat heterogeneity and structural complexity, As for fossil Bryozoa, the Museo Civico of Rovereto but also promote biological diversity (Cocito, 2004). hosts a rich collection of national and international Moreover, Bryozoa are among the main fouling or- Cenozoic specimens. We also wish to mention the ganisms that colonize artificial substrata (Ryland, collection of Ordoviciano marine specimens of Pro- 1965; Harmelin et al., 2016). fessor Conti at the University of Modena and Reggio Due to their sensitivity to climate changes, Bryozoa Emilia as well as the small collection of fossil Bryozoa are considered bioindicator organisms. Their skele- from the Island of Pianosa housed in the Museo di ton is indeed potentially vulnerable to the increase Storia naturale of the University of Pisa. of water temperatures (Lombardi et al., 2008) and The following museums do not house collections to decrease of pH due to ocean acidification (Ro- of Bryozoa as such, but do contain a small number dolfo-Metalpa et al., 2010; Lombardi et al., 2011a; of specimens: Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Lombardi et al., 2011b). Caffi” of Bergamo, Museo Geologico “G. Cortesi” of Despite their widespread distribution throughout Castell’Arquato, Museo di Zoologia of the University the world, Bryozoans have been described as a mi- of Padua, Museo di Storia Naturale of the University nor phylum (Smith, 2014) and are often neglected. of Parma, Museo di Storia Naturale of the University This is largely due to the difficulties related to their of Pavia, Museo di Biologia marina “P. Parenzan” of classification at the species level, which is compli- the University of Salento; Museo di Storia Naturale cated both owing to the small size of the zooids and dell’Accademia dei Fisiocritici of Siena and Museo to the lack of up-to-date and adequately illustrated Universitario of Chieti. identification manuals (Chimenz Gusso et al., 2014). According to the inventory in invertebrate collec- Although the Bryozoan fauna of the Mediterranean tions, no data were available for the Museo di Zoolo- Sea is among the best known globally (Rosso, 1996; gia “P. Doderlein” of Palermo or the Museo di Storia Rosso, 2003; Ayari et al., 2008; Harmelin, 2014; Naturale of Trieste. Sokolover et al., 2016), new species continue to be We wish to remember Professor Maria Illuminata recorded, with the number species having reached Tatic chi, an expert in the field of freshwater Bryozoa 556 (Rosso & Di Martino, 2016). at the University of Perugia, who recently passed away. We were unfortunately unable to benefit from BRIOZOAN COLLECTIONS her vast expertise, nor could we find any evidence of existing collections of freshwater Bryozoa. IN ITALIAN MUSEUMS It is difficult to assess the state of the art of bryozoan In order to shed light on the Italian context, within collections in Italy with any degree of certainty since which the Chimenz Gusso collection may be placed, a systematic in situ investigation has not yet been we inquired on the presence of collections of Bryozoa conducted. in Italian Museums and Universities. One hundred and twenty-four institutions that focus on natural, MATERIALS AND METHODS biological, geological and paleontological sciences were contacted from August to October 2018. The collection of Bryozoa of the Museo Civico di A response to our request for information was re- Zoologia of Rome was donated to the museum in ceived from 31% of the institutions, out of which only 2015. It consists of 1403 specimens preserved dried seven (18% of the responses) confirmed the presence or in ethanol, 90 slides and 487 specimens on stubs of bryozoan collections in their institution. (in gold) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The institutions that currently house the most note- examination. worthy collections of Bryozoa are: Museo di Storia Professor Carla Chimenz Gusso donated the speci- Naturale “La Specola” University of Florence; Museo mens together with a database, a paper document in di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” of Genoa; Museo di which the species, the numbers and the sampling site Storia Naturale of Venice. Most of these museums were recorded. In addition, she donated the volume house both historical collections and modern collec- “Briozoi” in which most of the species of Bryozoa tions. The Museo di Storia Naturale of Venice is the Cheilostomatida belonging to the collection are museum that contains the collection with by far the described and accompanied by photos taken using largest number of specimens and includes historical a SEM (Chimenz Gusso et al., 2014). finds belonging to the Nardo, Vidocich and Brusi- Although the overall state of preservation of the na-Neviani collections. Chimenz collection is good, a few problems were The collection housed at the Museo di Scienze della detected. The most frequent one was the evapora- Terra of Catania is highly relevant within the Italian tion of ethanol, caused by an improper sealing of 36 ANNAMARIA EPICENO - ALESSANDRA CERA - FABRIZIO MICHELANGELI - ANDREA RULLI - SAMANTHA ZAGGIA the jars. In these cases the specimens were placed in the remainder being located in waters belonging to new sealed jars. However, the most serious problem France, Spain, Greece, Turkey and Tunisia. Lazio and concerned labels. Sicily are the Italian regions from which most of the As the original labels were printed using an inkjet specimens originated. printer, the labels had become illegible over
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