Decision IG.24/7 Strategies and Action Plans Under the Protocol
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MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart known. Of 93 species reported from Ber mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries. -
In the Long Island and It's Adjacent Areas in Middle Andaman, India
Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (01), January 2018, pp. 96-102 Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it’s adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar1*, S. Geetha2, C. Raghunathan3 & R. Sornaraj2 1Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, Digha – 721428, West Bengal, India. 2Research Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Thoothukudi – 628003, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053,West Bengal, India. [E.mail: [email protected] ] Received 05 November 2015 ; revised 17 November 2016 The diversity and distribution of gorgonian were assessed at seven sites at Long Island and it’s adjusting areas in Middle Andaman during 2013 to 2015. A total of 28 species of gorgonians are reported in shallow reef areas. Maximum life form was observed in Guaiter Island and Minimum in Headlamp Patch. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Islands, the species diversity was high for the genera Junceella, Subergorgia and Ellisella. Principal Component Analysis also supported for this three genes. [Keywords: Diversity, Gorgonian, Octocoral, Long Island, Middle Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar, India] Introduction The gorgonians popularly called as sea In India, the study on gorgonians fans and sea whips are marine sessile taxonomy initiated by Thomson and coelenterates with colonial skeleton and living Henderson15,16 and 50 species were reported of polyps1. They are exceptionally productive and a which 26 species were new from oyster banks of valuable natural asset. -
Some Quantitative Aspects of Feeding in Sabellid and Serpulid Fan Worms
J. mar. bioI. Ass. U.K. (I957) 36, 309-316 309 Printed in Great Britain SOME QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF FEEDING IN SABELLID AND SERPULID FAN WORMS By R. PHILLIPS DALES Bedford College, University of London INTRODUCTION It is apparent, from J0rgensen's recent review (1955) of quantitative aspects of filter feeding in invertebrates, that virtually nothing is known of the rate of filtering in polychaete suspension feeders, of which the sabellid and serpulid fan worms are perhaps the most important. There seems to be little variation in the filter-feeding mechanism in different sabellid and serpulid polychaetes. The most detailed account of the feeding mechanism of these worms is that of Sabella published by Nicol (1930) with a resume of earlier work on sabellids and serpulids. Some in• formation on feeding and the anatomy of the crown in other genera may be found in the works of Soulier, 1891 (Serpula, Hydroides, Protula, Branchi• omma, Spirographis and Myxicola), Johansson, 1927 (Serpula and Pomato• ceros) and Thomas, 1940 (Pomatoceros). That the crown arises as a paired structure from the prostomium was shown by Wilson (1936) in Branchiomma. In adults, the crown may retain a clearly divided form, as in many serpulids such as Pomatoceros, or form an almost continuous single cone as in Myxicola or Salmacina. It is not, however, the purpose of the present paper to describe these variations in morphology, but to present some quantitative data on the filtering process. The species investigated were those which could be ob• tained in sufficient quantity at Plymouth. The results of experiments on the sabellids, Myxicola infundibulum (Renier) and Sabella pavonina Savigny, and on the serpulids, Pomatoceros triqueter (L.), Hydroides norvegica (Gunnerus), Spirorbis borealis Daudin, and Salmacina dysteri (Huxley) are presented here. -
The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals
Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals Author(s): Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, David Hyrenbach, and Tundi Agardy Source: Lessons in Conservation, Vol. 2, pp. 91-109 Published by: Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Stable URL: ncep.amnh.org/linc/ This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. To learn more about NCEP, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org. All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2008, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ CASE STUDIES 91 The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara,* David Hyrenbach, † and Tundi Agardy ‡ *Tethys Research Institute; Milano, Italy, email [email protected] † Duke University; Durham, NC, U.S.A., email [email protected] ‡ Sound Seas; Bethesda, MD, U.S.A., email [email protected] Source: R. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) Based on 18S Rdna Sequence Data, and Implications for Opercular Evolution Janina Lehrkea,Ã, Harry A
ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 7 (2007) 195–206 www.elsevier.de/ode Phylogenetic relationships of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) based on 18S rDNA sequence data, and implications for opercular evolution Janina Lehrkea,Ã, Harry A. ten Hoveb, Tara A. Macdonaldc, Thomas Bartolomaeusa, Christoph Bleidorna,1 aInstitute for Zoology, Animal Systematics and Evolution, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Street 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany bZoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands cBamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, V0R 1B0 Received 19 December 2005; accepted 2 June 2006 Abstract Phylogenetic relationships of (19) serpulid taxa (including Spirorbinae) were reconstructed based on 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony methods were used in phylogenetic reconstruction. Regardless of the method used, monophyly of Serpulidae is confirmed and four monophyletic, well- supported major clades are recovered: the Spirorbinae and three groups hitherto referred to as the Protula-, Serpula-, and Pomatoceros-group. Contrary to the taxonomic literature and the hypothesis of opercular evolution, the Protula- clade contains non-operculate (Protula, Salmacina) and operculate taxa both with pinnulate and non-pinnulate peduncle (Filograna vs. Vermiliopsis), and most likely is the sister group to Spirorbinae. Operculate Serpulinae and poorly or non-operculate Filograninae are paraphyletic. It is likely that lack of opercula in some serpulid genera is not a plesiomorphic character state, but reflects a special adaptation. r 2007 Gesellschaft fu¨r Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Keywords: Serpulidae; Phylogeny; Operculum; 18S rRNA gene; Annelida; Polychaeta Introduction distinctive calcareous tubes and bilobed tentacular crowns, each with numerous radioles that bear shorter Serpulids are common members of marine hard- secondary branches (pinnules) on the inner side. -
Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophagainae)
Turner: Xylopholas altenai 97 n. gen. n. sp. A new genus and species of deep water wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophagainae) by Ruth+D. Turner Museum ofComparativeZoology, Harvard University, Cambridge,Mass., U.S.A. The Xylophagainae are marine wood-boring bivalves which are confined than 150 largely to depths greater meters. They are not found the intertidal the sublittoral in zone, occur in only in higher latitudes, and are the sole wood-borers in depths over 200 meters. The greatest known depth for the invasion oftest wood by Teredini- dae is 200 meters (Tipper, 1968). The known depth range for the Xylophagainae extends from two meters below low tide in Millport, Scotland, to 7290 meters in the Banda Trench, off Ceram. Only occasionally are they found in drift wood, and this is usually after storms, the water logged wood having been lifted offthe bottom and carried ashore by strong waves. The discovery of the new genus and species described here is the result of a world-wide study of the Xylophagainae, a subfamily of the Pholadidae characterized by teredinid-like shells and a small, divided mesoplax. They lack apophyses (as do the Jouannetiinae) and do not produce a callum in the adult stage (as in the Phola- in dinae). They are unique among the Pholadidae having a wood- storing caecum. The author is grateful to Dr. Frederick Bayer, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Dr. J0r- gen Knudsen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Den- mark, and Dr. W. Adam, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium, for the loan of specimens and the opportunity to remove specimens from dredged wood or other plant material in their collections. -
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S. -
United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action
United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP) – Barcelona Convention Secretariat’s inputs to the Secretary-General report on oceans and the law of the sea SEA-LEVEL RISE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION The paragraphs below are adapted from three main relevant sources of information: - “UNEP/MAP 2019 State of the Environment and Development Report” (SoED 2019) and its Summary for Decision-Makers (UNEP/MAP, 2019) - MedECC booklet (2019): “Risks associated to climate and environmental changes in the Mediterranean region”, based on Cramer W., Guiot J., Fader M., Garrabou J., Gattuso J.-P., Iglesias A., Lange M.A., Lionello P., Llasat M.C., Paz S., Peñuelas J., Snoussi M., Toreti A., Tsimplis M.N., Xoplaki E. (2018) Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean , Nature Climate Change 8, 972-980, doi: 10.1038/s41558- 018-0299-2 - “Mediterranean Quality Status Report” (UNEP/MAP, 2017) 1. Causes and effects The Mediterranean Basin is one of the most prominent hotspots of climate and environmental change worldwide. The Mediterranean Region is warming 20% faster than the global average. Current change and future scenarios consistently point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Similar to worldwide trends caused by warming and loss of glacial ice, sea level in the Mediterranean Basin has risen between 1945 and 2000 at a rate of 0.7 mm per year 1 and between 1970 and 2006 at the level of 1.1 mm per year 2. There has been a sharp increase during the last two decades as sea-level rise reached about 3 mm per year 3. -
Marine Boring Bivalve Mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela
ISSN 0738-9388 247 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 Marine boring bivalve mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela Marcel Velásquez 1 1 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris, France; [email protected] Paul Valentich-Scott 2 2 Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, 93105, USA; [email protected] Juan Carlos Capelo 3 3 Estación de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Apartado 144 Porlama,. Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. ABSTRACT Marine endolithic and wood-boring bivalve mollusks living in rocks, corals, wood, and shells were surveyed on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela at Isla Margarita between 2004 and 2008. These surveys were supplemented with boring mollusk data from malacological collections in Venezuelan museums. A total of 571 individuals, corresponding to 3 orders, 4 families, 15 genera, and 20 species were identified and analyzed. The species with the widest distribution were: Leiosolenus aristatus which was found in 14 of the 24 localities, followed by Leiosolenus bisulcatus and Choristodon robustus, found in eight and six localities, respectively. The remaining species had low densities in the region, being collected in only one to four of the localities sampled. The total number of species reported here represents 68% of the boring mollusks that have been documented in Venezuelan coastal waters. This study represents the first work focused exclusively on the examination of the cryptofaunal mollusks of Isla Margarita, Venezuela. KEY WORDS Shipworms, cryptofauna, Teredinidae, Pholadidae, Gastrochaenidae, Mytilidae, Petricolidae, Margarita Island, Isla Margarita Venezuela, boring bivalves, endolithic. INTRODUCTION The lithophagans (Mytilidae) are among the Bivalve mollusks from a range of families have more recognized boring mollusks. -
The Mediterranean Guidelines for the Determination of Environmental
The Mediterranean Guidelines for the Determination of Environmental Liability and Compensation: The Negotiations for the Instrument and the Question of Damage that Can Be Compensated Tullio Scovazzi * I. “Dead Letters in the Sea”? II. How Much Time is “as Soon as Possible”? III. The 1997 Brijuni Meeting IV. The Resumption of the Preparatory Works (2003-2007) V. The Nature and Scope of the Guidelines VI. Damage that Can Be Compensated VII. The Future Steps VIII. Concluding Remark * The author took part in the 1997 Brijuni meeting, as the representative of Italy and chairman of the meeting, as well as in the 2003 Athens meeting, the 2005 Athens meeting, the 2006 Loutraki meeting and the 2007 Athens meeting, as legal expert of the UNEP-MAP Secretariat. The opinions ex- pressed in this article are only the author’s personal ones. This article is written within the framework of a research project on the technical aspects of the international law of the sea, carried out at the University of Milano- Bicocca. A. von Bogdandy and R. Wolfrum, (eds.), Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 13, 2009, p. 183-212. © 2009 Koninklijke Brill N.V. Printed in The Netherlands. 184 Max Planck UNYB 13 (2009) I. “Dead Letters in the Sea”? On 18 January 2008, the 15th ordinary meeting of the Contracting Par- ties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona, 1976; amended in 1995),1 held in Almeria, Spain, adopted the Guidelines for the Determination of Liability and Compensation for Damage resulting from Pollution of the Marine Environment in the Mediterranean Sea Area.2 In fact, the drafting of rules on liability and compensation for dam- age resulting from the pollution of the environment has proved to be a difficult task in the case of Conventions relating to regional seas.3 Sev- eral Conventions contain a pactum de contrahendo provision, according to which the Parties undertake to cooperate to develop a liability re- gime.