In the Long Island and It's Adjacent Areas in Middle Andaman, India
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MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart known. Of 93 species reported from Ber mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries. -
Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration. -
Preliminary Report on the Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands
国立科博専報,(52), pp. 65–94 , 2018 年 3 月 28 日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (52), pp. 65–94, March 28, 2018 Preliminary Report on the Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands Yukimitsu Imahara1* and Hiroshi Namikawa2 1Wakayama Laboratory, Biological Institute on Kuroshio, 300–11 Kire, Wakayama, Wakayama 640–0351, Japan *E-mail: [email protected] 2Showa Memorial Institute, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan Abstract. Approximately 400 octocoral specimens were collected from the Ogasawara Islands by SCUBA diving during 2013–2016 and by dredging surveys by the R/V Koyo of the Tokyo Met- ropolitan Ogasawara Fisheries Center in 2014 as part of the project “Biological Properties of Bio- diversity Hotspots in Japan” at the National Museum of Nature and Science. Here we report on 52 lots of these octocoral specimens that have been identified to 42 species thus far. The specimens include seven species of three genera in two families of Stolonifera, 25 species of ten genera in two families of Alcyoniina, one species of Scleraxonia, and nine species of four genera in three families of Pennatulacea. Among them, three species of Stolonifera: Clavularia cf. durum Hick- son, C. cf. margaritiferae Thomson & Henderson and C. cf. repens Thomson & Henderson, and five species of Alcyoniina: Lobophytum variatum Tixier-Durivault, L. cf. mirabile Tixier- Durivault, Lohowia koosi Alderslade, Sarcophyton cf. boletiforme Tixier-Durivault and Sinularia linnei Ofwegen, are new to Japan. In particular, Lohowia koosi is the first discovery since the orig- inal description from the east coast of Australia. -
Siboga Plexaurids (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) Re-Examined
Siboga plexaurids (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) re-examined L.P. van Ofwegen & M.I.Y.T. Hermanlimianto L.P. van Ofwegen & M.I.Y.T. Hermanlimianto. Siboga plexaurids (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) re-ex- amined. Zool. Meded. Leiden 88 (3), 31.xii.2014: 19-58, figs 1-43.— ISSN 0024-0672. Leen P. van Ofwegen, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]). M.I.Y.T. Hermanlimianto, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Raden Saleh 43, Jakarta 10330. Indonesia (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Alcyonacea; Plexauridae; Indonesia; type material; re-descriptions. The type material of shallow-water plexaurid octocorals of the Siboga expedition has been re-exam- ined. Sclerites of all available types have been depicted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Echinogorgia parareticulata (Stiasny, 1942) is synonymized with Echinogorgia clausa (Nutting, 1910). No type specimens of Echinogorgia thomsonideani Stiasny, 1942, Villogorgia aurivilliusi Stiasny, 1942, and Vil- logorgia spatulata Nutting, 1910 were found. Introduction With the merger of the Zoological Museum Amsterdam (ZMA) and Naturalis Bio- diversity Center (NBC) all octocorals of the Siboga expedition were merged in the coe- lenterate collection of the NBC and therefore they became more easily accessible for research. With the re-examination of ZMA nephtheid types the first author (Ofwegen, 2005) noticed that several of these types showed disintegrated sclerites, probably caused by acidity of their storage medium. To check other available material and to make information accessible for Indonesian octocoral reef research, the Siboga plexau- rid collection was checked for the genera expected to occur in shallow water, viz. -
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S. -
Diversity and Distribution of Shallow Water Octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India
Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 48 (10), October 2019, pp. 1567-1575 Diversity and distribution of shallow water octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar1*, S. Geetha2, C. Raghunathan3 & R. Sornaraj2 1Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, (MoEFCC), Government of India, Digha, West Bengal, India. 2Research Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Zoological Survey of India (MoEFCC), Government of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. *[E-mail: [email protected]] Received 25 April 2018; revised 04 June 2018 Diversity and distribution of octocorals of Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (MGMNP), South Andaman were investigated from June, 2013 to May, 2016 using a Line Intercept Transect method with help of SCUBA diving. The study was carried out in 11 different islands named as Alexandra, Belle, Chester, Snob, Grub, Jolly Bouy, Boat, Red Skin Rutland, Tarmugli and Twins Islands. We undertook a systematic study on the diversity of octocorals. Thirty five species belonging to 29 genera were reported from MGMNP of which, the alcyonacea was a dominant group followed by gorgonacea, helioporacea and pennatulacea at all the study sites which is also substantiated by Principal Component analysis, and Ternary plot. Results on Bray-Curtis cluster analysis showed 35 % to 76 % similarity between the study sites in MGMNP. [Keywords: Soft coral; Octocorallia; Diversity; Marine National Park; MNP; Wandoor, MGMNP]. Introduction the status and distribution patterns. Octocorallia The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a low comprised of three orders: helioporacea (blue coral), mountainous chain of islands, which rise from a pennatulacea (sea pens), and alcyonacea (soft corals, submerged north-south trending ridge separating the Stolonifera, gorgonians and telestacea) found in Andaman Sea from the Bay of Bengal between 6°- intertidal to abyssal depths around World Ocean from 14°N and 92°-94°E. -
A Possible Method for Improving the Conservation Status of a Ellisella
Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.2076 Pruning treatment: A possible method for improving the conservation status of a Ellisella paraplexauroides Stiasny, 1936 (Anthozoa, Alcyonacea) population in the Chafarinas Islands? LUIS SÁNCHEZ -TOCINO1, ANTONIO DE LA LINDE RUBIO2, M SOL LIZANA ROSAS1, TEODORO PÉREZ GUERRA1 and JOSE MANUEL TIERNO DE FIGUEROA1 1 Departamento de Zoología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada. Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain 2 Urbanización los Delfines, Pl 4, 2º, 11207, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain Corresponding author: [email protected] Handling Editor: Emma Cebrian Received: 7 December 2017; Accepted: 11 July 2017; Published on line: 11 December 2017 Abstract In the present paper, the results of a four-year conservation study on the giant gorgonian Ellisella paraplexauroides in the Chafarinas Islands are reported. This species, currently protected in Spain, is present as isolated colonies or as a low number of them, except in the Chafarinas Islands, where higher densities can be found below a depth of 20 m. Nevertheless, as revealed by a previous study, a great number of colonies are partially covered by epibionts or totally dead. As a first objective of the present work, seven transects were performed in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the percentage of colonies affected in areas that had not been previously sampled. Approximately between 35% and 95% of the colonies had different degrees of epibiosis or were dead. In 2015, ten transects were performed to specifically locate young colonies smaller than 15 cm, which could be indicative of popula- tion regeneration by sexual reproduction. -
From Mangroves to Coral Reefs; Sea Life and Marine Environments in Pacific Islands by Michael King Apia, Samoa: SPREP 2004
SPREP fromto coral mangroves reefs sea life and marine environments in Pacific islands Michael King South Pacific Regional Environment Programme SPREP Cataloguing-in-Publication King, Michael From mangroves to coral reefs; sea life and marine environments in Pacific islands by Michael King Apia, Samoa: SPREP 2004 This handbook was commissioned by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme with funding from the Canada South Pacific Ocean Development Program (C-SPODP) and the UN Foundation through the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) SPREP PO Box 240 Apia, Samoa Phone (685) 21929 Fax (685) 20231 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.sprep.org.ws From mangroves to coral reefs sea life and marine environments in Pacific islands ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction 1 6. The classification and diversity of marine life 29 Biological classification – naming things 2. Coastal wetlands - estuaries and mangroves 5 Diversity – the numbers of species Estuaries – where rivers meet the sea 7. Crustaceans – shrimps to coconut crabs 33 Mangroves – coastal forests Smaller crustaceans 3. Shorelines – beaches and seaplants 9 Shrimps and prawns Beaches – rivers of sand Lobsters and slipper lobsters Seaweeds – large plants of the sea Crabs Seagrasses – underwater pastures Hermit crabs and stone crabs 4. Corals - from coral polyps to reefs 15 8. Molluscs – clams to octopuses 41 Stony corals and coral polyps Clams, oysters, and mussels (bivalves) Fire corals – stinging hydroids Sea snails (gastropods) Corals in deepwater Octopuses and their relatives (cephalopods) Soft corals and gorgonians - octocorals 9. Echinoderms – sea cucumbers to sand dollars 51 Coral reefs – the world’s Sea cucumbers largest natural structures Sea stars 5. -
Extreme Habitat Specialisation and Population Structure of Two Gorgonian-Associated Pygmy Seahorses
Vol. 444: 195–206, 2012 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published January 10 doi: 10.3354/meps09471 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Extreme habitat specialisation and population structure of two gorgonian-associated pygmy seahorses R. E. Smith*, A. S. Grutter, I. R. Tibbetts School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia ABSTRACT: Pygmy seahorses are a group of little-known miniature hippocampid fish that differ considerably in biology and ecology from their larger congeners. We estimated the population density, sex ratio and habitat of 2 sympatric, obligate gorgonian-associated pygmy seahorses, Hip- pocampus bargibanti and H. denise, in a 20 km long coastal marine protected area in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Belt transects covering 200 m2 each were surveyed at 7 sites and 5 depth con- tours to record the density of seahorses and their host gorgonians. The population density (±SE) was 1.17 (±0.27) per 200 m2 for H. denise and 0.34 (±0.20) per 200 m2 for H. bargibanti, some of the lowest densities for unexploited seahorse populations studied thus far. Male−female pairs (43.9%) were the most common group composition for H. denise, with single, 3 or 4 individuals found on 19.5, 7.3 and 29.3% of inhabited gorgonians, respectively. H. denise inhabited 7.8% of Annella reticulata gorgonians within the survey area but were recorded from a total of 8 gorgon- ian genera during extensive opportunistic ad hoc searches. Annella spp. density was 10.7 times higher than that of Muricella spp. (the sole host of H. bargibanti), of which 20.0% were inhabited. -
Section 3.4 Invertebrates
Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 Final Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact Statement Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.4 Invertebrates .......................................................................................................... 3.4-1 3.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3.4-3 3.4.2 Affected Environment ......................................................................................... 3.4-3 3.4.2.1 General Background ........................................................................... 3.4-3 3.4.2.2 Endangered Species Act-Listed Species ............................................ 3.4-15 3.4.2.3 Species Not Listed Under the Endangered Species Act .................... 3.4-20 3.4.3 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................... 3.4-29 3.4.3.1 Acoustic Stressors ............................................................................. 3.4-30 3.4.3.2 Explosive Stressors ............................................................................ 3.4-51 3.4.3.3 Energy Stressors ................................................................................ 3.4-59 3.4.3.4 Physical Disturbance and Strike Stressors ........................................ 3.4-64 3.4.3.5 Entanglement Stressors .................................................................... 3.4-85 3.4.3.6 -
Benthic Communities of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem Off Puducherry, East Coast of India
RESEARCH ARTICLES Benthic communities of mesophotic coral ecosystem off Puducherry, east coast of India P. Laxmilatha1,*, S. Jasmine2, Miriam Paul Sreeram3 and Periasamy Rengaiyan1 1ICAR-Madras Research Centre of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai 600 028, India 2ICAR-Vizhinjam Research Centre of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin 695 521, India 3ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin 682 018, India to 150 m in clear waters of the tropics3. However, several The shallow coral reef ecosystems along the Indian species of corals interface between the shallow and deep coast are being threatened by anthropogenic global 1,2,4,5 ocean warming and increased frequency of coral sea environments around the world . In general, bleaching in the recent past. Identification and con- MCEs occur at a depth of 30–150 m of the euphotic zone 4,5 servation of deeper reef habitats are essential as they in tropical regions . The MCEs, situated off Puducherry serve as a source of larvae and livestock to replenish the east coast of India are considered to be unique, show- the shallow reef habitats. Information on the location ing all the features mentioned above. and spatial extent of the mesophotic coral ecosystems Biotic assemblages in MCEs are considered to be (MCEs) and their biodiversity is poorly known in the extensions of shallow-water coral ecosystem assemblages continental shelf of the east coast of India. In this due to their unique depth range4. In addition, a number of study, we have documented the species diversity of unique or depth-restricted species occur in these habitats. -
Host Species of Pygmy Seahorses
University of Groningen Fish, fans and hydroids Reijnen, Bastian T.; van der Meij, Sancia E. T.; van Ofwegen, Leen P. Published in: Zookeys DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.103.953 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2011 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Reijnen, B. T., van der Meij, S. E. T., & van Ofwegen, L. P. (2011). Fish, fans and hydroids: Host species of pygmy seahorses. Zookeys, (103), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.103.953 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.