122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECE:&IBER 9'

l\Iy collellt:,

THE JAPANESE PROBLEM FRO~! A HISTORICAL VIEWPOINT. I say it is ·a most serious condition-a condition that may 1\Ir. KAHN. 1\fr. Speaker, I ask un:mimons consP.nt to re­ result, unfortunately, in grave difficulties between the two vise and extend my remarkS. heretofore friendly nations. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from California asks unani­ True, Japan contends that her law is aimed at all foreigners, mous consent to reYise and extend his remarks in the RECORD. whereas the laws adopted by the State of California refer Is there objection? - only to those foreigners who are prohibited by the laws of the There was no objection. United States from securing the privilege of citizenship in this Mr. KAHN. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask respectfully that I be al­ country. lowed to conclude my remarks before answering any questions. The student of histQry will find that Japanese immigration to The subject that I have chosen for my remarks is a very im­ California and the Pacific coast really did not begin until 1891 portant one, in my opinion, and I would like to explain the or 1892. The number of Japanese who had gone to the west situation from the American viewpoint as a Representative coast of AmeTica up to that time was so few that they might be of the State of California, and I feel confident that if I be referred to as a negligible quantity. At that time a great deal allowed to conclude my remarks without interruption I shall of foreign money had been invested in California in the pur­ be better able to answer questions that my colleagues in the chase of mines and mining properties; foreigners had pur­ House may desire to ask. chased large tracts of land known as ranches for the breeding Less than 70 years ago Commodore 1\L C. Perry, under in­ of cattle and horses and the raising of wheat, fruit, and pur­ structions from President Millard Fillmore, made a treaty poses of similar character. The land question had not become with the Shogun of Japan, opening some of the ports of that acute in any way because of these investments. The population Empire to American ships. Since then Dai Nippon has had a of California at that period was less than half what it is to­ marvelous history. No one who has kept track of the progress day. The matter was given little attention by the legislature of events connected with Japanese affairs can fail to realize of the State until comparatively recent times. The fact that what a wonderful people the Nipponese are. To look upon them the laws recently enacted were applied to foreigners who can as inferior to the white man is rightly considered an insult to not become citizens of the United States is dwelt upon with their civilization, to their intelligence, to their pride by all especial emphasis by the people of Japan as an indication of classes in the Empire. racial hatred of the Japanese in California. The matter, how­ Unfortunately, many public officials in Japan, as well as ever, is practically in the same category as the que

124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEl\illER 9,

Japan to an intense feeling of .animosity against the people di~approv~d by t?e sovereign and the people. His accomplices in of the United States on account of the attitude of California this nefarious busme-ss were found guilty, but the shameless fellow has not ~ended his wa.ys, but conttx;med the gratification of his greed. on the immigration and land questions. ~ believe. ~!it there can be nothmg more poisonous than. his action Count Ok11ma, be it remembered, at the present time is one In demorallzmg the student class of our country. My ancestors taught the art of fencing. I disclaim any deep knowledge; I have also taught of their foremost statesmen. He is one of their ablest leaders. my students the art of fencing and of literature with all sincerity He is also the president of the Japanese Peace Society. One and I also aimed at the progress of agriculture and of industry. i would hardly expect, therefore, to find that a man of his won­ have never been connected with any political association as I was derful ability and the head of the association of peace-loving co_nnected ":ith the Tokyo .Agricultural ~chool for six yea.r's, with the N1ppon Savmgs Bank for four years With the Yedogawa Paper Mill Japanese threatening that if the Government of the United for three years, with the literary soc1ety1 for four years, and with the States should dare to restrict Japanese immigration to the main­ ~ot~uy~ Bank for the last year. I have been a promoter of all these land of our country by statute law instead of ananging for such Institutions, and have been pr sident of all. Thu , a I had no con4 restriction by the voluntary action of Japan, the latter rather ~t~~ 8}:Lth any political parties, I had no personal 111 feeling towarcl. than " suffer such prejudice to her prestige must resort to force." ' The rea on for my killing this old thief, disregarding the future of Surely, the bead of the Peace Society of Japan could not have my wife and. chi;Jdren, irrespective of public opinion, at the expens of my own life, 1s that I could not bear to see this fellow ·doino- evil been correctly quoted in the newspaper publications which re­ deeds i_n the capac_ity of presid~t of the City Education Society~ and ported bjm as favoring, under certain circumstances, "resort to also discouraging and demoralizing the municipal administration of force." Surely, the head of the Peace Society of Japan does not Tokyo, which can not fail to cause anxiety to my august sovereign. ad>ocate the taking up of arms against the United States as It i.s needless to say that there was great excitement in indicated in the newspaper articles. Surely, the head of the ~okyo during the trial. The defendant was found guilty, but Peace Society of Japan will do everything he possibly can do to mstead of the death sentence being pronounced upon him he prevent a conflict between the two nations. Surely, the head was given three years' imprisonment in the penitentiary. I of the Peace Society of Japan, after his own personal experience merely cite this instance to show how mercurial, bow volatile, with a Japanese mob, does not believe that any good can be how excitable our friends on the other side of the Pacific are. accomplished by arousing the passions and the hatred of an Due to this fact, bitter personal attacks have been made at excitable, emotional, patriotic, race-proud people, who visited times upon prominent statesmen, and occasionally one would their displeasure upon the very person of this veteran statesman fall at the bands of an assa in. Thus Olmmbo was killed by of Japan. In our own history I do not recall that any Ameri­ an enraged citizen of Japan, while Viscount l\Iori succumbed can cabinet officer has ever been attacked physically by any to the attack of an embittered Shinto follower in 1880. Count mob or even by any individual on account of the views ex­ I~a~aki was stabbed by a hot-headed young Japanese, and pres ed or uttered, or the official action taken by the cabinet slillllar attacks were made upon -Kokoi, Omura, and Hirosawa. officer while in the proper discharge of the duties of his position. Naturally attacks of this character must affect the action of the I have often been Jed to belie>e in reading Japanese history men in power and authority in the island Empire. For that and following political e>ents in the island Empire that there reason I have constantly as erted that I have a deep sympathy are many more political agitators and demagogues on the other for the officials of that country:' There is no gainsaying the side of the Pacific than we can possibly find in our own country. fact that the people of. Japan are intensely patriotic. They I may be in error, but at least I have gained that impression love. their Emperor, their country, and their in titutions with from the books and periodicals I have read on the subject. So · a devotion that might well be emulated by the peoples of all that I really have a profound sympathy for the members of the nations. Still, I can not help believing that with a population Japanese cabinet. I realize fu~ly the graveness of their re­ of that kind to work upon, the efforts of t11e emagogues, tlie sponsibi1i ties. ·agitators, and the unscrupulous politicians of Japan to arouse Why, I was in Tokyo in 1901. Just at the time of my visit the passion , the hatred, and the prejud-ices of the rna es is an a remarkable criminal trial was taking place there. Hoshi exceedingly dangerous proposition. Torn, the former minister of communications, had been delib­ Happily, we in America are not worked intQ a frenzy of ex­ erately assa. sinated. He was well1.-no\vn in the United States, citement by purely political happenings. Take the ca e of our having been the bead of the legation of his country at our acquisition of the Hawaiian Island . A we recall, when this National Capital. He had been recently recalled and had country entered the Spani h-American 1Yar it became necessary been .appointed to the post of minister of communications in to send American troops to l\lanila Bay. Our Army transports the Ito cabinet of 1900. One day a teacher by the name of and man-of-war vessels stopped at Honolulu on their way to Iba Sotaro walked into an office in Tokyo, where Hoshi was the Philippines. The representative of the Spanish Govern­ conversing with the mayor and several of the members of the ment in Honolulu made protest to the then Government of the municipal assembly of that city, and killed hfm in cold blood. Republic of Hawaii against the entrance and stay of our vessels Tl1e pri oner was promptly put on trial for his life. As I in the neutral port of Honolulu for a period extending beyond stated, I happened to be in the Japanese capital at the time. 24 hours. The Hawaiian Republic promptly claimed that it Some of my friend there informed me that the prisoner made was not neutral, but was in very fact the ally of the United a remarkable statement in hiS own defense. Of course, I can States; and soon thereafter Congress, acting in accordance with only give the purport of his language ~ narrated to me, but I the precedent established by the acquisition of Texas, passed a l'emember it very vividly. He said in effect: resolution annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the territory of Yes; I killed Hoshi. I am ready to die for it. I am a teacher. It the United States. It is a notable circumstance that Japan is is my duty to instill into the minds of the children of Japan a love the only country in the world that filed a formal protest against of their Emperor, a love of their country, a lOve of their institutions. our acquisition of those islands. And even in these times the Ho. hl was a notoriously corrupt official ; he was a.n unscrupulous and crooked official. How could I teach the children a love of their Em­ Japanese \ernacular press frequently refers to what they call peror,· a love ot their country, a love of their institutions with such a. om· unauthorized seizure of the islands. criminal at the beau of the educational society o:l!t Tokyo? And so­ I felt called upon to kill him. I called a.t his office. He was seated Did tho American people become unduly excited because of at his

. signed the treaty. He acquiesced, as did the people of the But the immigration question had become a source of em­ United States, in the transfer to Japan of the Marshall group, barrassment to. the national administration.· It might be in­ the Caroline group, the Pellew Islands, and all the islands of teresting at this time to state that in 1894, when Japan was the l\Iarianne or Ladrone group., with the exception of the negotiating for a new treaty with the United States Govern~ island of Guam, which had been transferred to our Government ment, looh~g to the abrogation of the then existing treaty, under the treaty of peace with Spain at thQ close of the wilb its provisions on extraterritorialityy she coupled with that Spanish-American War. These islands, to be sure, had belonged request an entirely new proposition about unrestricted settle­ to Germany. They, in a measure, bar the way to our ships ment in the UnH2d States of Japanese immigrants. Secretary going to the Philippines. They bring the territory of Japan of State Gresham constantly maintained that our Government many miles nearer the Territory of Hawaii; and yet one has had decided views on Asiatic immigration and sustained om' heard no real complaint on the part of American citizens upon position in that respect continuously during the negotiation. the subject of'these territorial acquisitions by Japan. Finally the Japanese Government yielded entirely to the views Our own officers and soldiers learned to appreciate the -valor, of ·Secretary GreBharn, thus fully recognizing the right of our the courage, and the wonderful military skill and ability of the country to differentiate between the classes of immigrants than Japanese military forces during the incidents connected with might be admitted to our shores. I simply mention these facts the Boxer uprising in China in 1899 and 1900. So that during to show that Japan in the past bad recognized tbe attitude o:fi the Russo-Japanese War the citizens, as well as the politicians our GoYernment in the matter of the exclusion o.il Japanese of the United States, had every reason to believe that we were laborers. Finally, in 1907,_ President Roosevelt undertook to still the so-called "traditional friend. of Japan." But we had settle the- differences between our country and Japan by what is rather a rude awakening. Col. llooseyelt, in his autobiography, known in our history as the gentlemen's agreement. Briefly refers to the incidents. Japan had won wonderful victories stated, the purpose of that agreement is to prevent Japanese during the year that the war was in progress; splendid victories laborers from corning from our insular possessions to the on land as well as brilliant victories at sea. But the loss o:t mainlaud of the United States, and to limit materially the Japanese man power was terrific; the cost of the war to Japan total number of .Japanese laborers who might enter our ports. and undoubtedly to Russia was enormous. It was an open The Japane e Government, on its part,. agreed to give no pas··­ secret that the war could not continue fo:r any great length o:f ports to Japanese laborers, except the wi es, parents,. or chil­ time because of the cost in men and in treasure to the island dren of those already here, to come to the mainland of the Empire ; and so the Japanese Government approached the United States_ As no Japanese of any elass can leave his American President with a request that he endeavor to bring country witbQut an official passport from his GeveiTnment, it was about the conclusion of peace between the two nations. When hoped this agreement would solYe the immigration problem. l can Roose-velt approar.hed Russia he was met at the outset with the say frankly that at the time that agreement was negotiated it statement that Russia would pay no indemnity. He tried to was believed that it would help finall~ to settle the differences reason with the Russians and to induce them to meet the wishes between the two countries on the sub-ject of immigration of Japa­ of Japan upon that proposition. Count 'V"itte's frequent and nese laborers. Unfortunately the A.mericans were not famiTiar terse statement that Russia weuld pay " not one kopek" be­ with the social and religious customs of .Japan 01.1 they probably came historic. And RooseYelt wisely told the officials of Japan would have made additional proYisions· in that agreement. that the world's esteem for the Japanese would. be materially The Japanese people nre-largely members of the Shinto faith. lessened if Japan insisted on carrying on the war, with its Among other things, Shintoism is the belief in the worship of terrific loss of life and blood, as \Vell as property and treasure, one's ancestors. for the sake of forcing the payment of an indemnity. By For the first two years. after the gentlemen's agreement had reason of his diplomacy, activity, and a1·gurnents he induced the gone into effect, the number of Japanese landing in the ports two belligerents to meet in an effort to establish peace. The of the United States de<:reased materially. In 1909 only 1,500',_ history of the n~gotiations at Portsmouth, N. H.~ are known to in round numb,ers, entered this country. But soon thereafter the world. I spoke to the former Presiden!- personally regard­ the number again began to increase enormously. One of the ing the entire matter. reasons was this: A married couple in Japan who have no son Whether the Japanese officials were ~ntirely open and above­ to carry on the family name can adopt an adult male, and he board with their own countrymen, I will not attempt to say. accordingly becomes the adopted son of the couple. Under the I do know that when the terms of peace were promulgated and gentlemen's agreement, a couple in Japan could and did fre­ it deYeloped that DO indemnity had been paid' by llussia tO quently adopt an adUlt son who was a laborer in California. Japan, the wrath of the people was -vented openly upon Ameri­ Under the agreement, as soon as the adoption proceedings bad cans in the streets of Tokio. Mr. E. H. Harriman, the well­ been formally consummated under Japanese custom, the known railroad president of the Southern Pacific and Union adopted son bad the right to send for his parents and bring Pacific Companies, as well as the members of his party, were them into the United States. This the son invariably did. openly assau.lted by the mob in the capital of Japan. And I When the parents arrived in our country, they also had the regret to say that from the day the treaty was published in right to send for their other children ; sometimes the e would. Japan the seeming former good feeling of the people of Japan consist of' quite a family of girls or minor boys, and they were for the people of the United States has passed away and ap­ in most cases all brought to this country. One can readily ee parently no longer exists. . how the custom might be worked into an endless chain of con­ Unfortunately, it seems evident i.hat everything that is done stantly increasing immigration. Naturally, the Californians by the _people of the Pacific Coast States in regard to the pro­ felt that this was a 'iolation at least of the.spirit of the law, tection of their rights and interests is magnified and misinter­ and it gave rise to a great deal of apprehension· as to the preted by some of tbe politicians and practically all of the agi­ efficacy of the gentlemen's agreement in the accomplishment! tators of Japan. of the aYowed purposes. It is needless at this time to go into the details of the agita­ Another source of dissatisfaction was what is known as the tion that took place on the other side of the Pacific. in connec­ picture bride incident. Under .Tapanese social and religious tion with the matter of attendance of Japanese students in the customs a man can select his wife by photograph. A number public schools of San Francisco. As a matter of fact, there was of pictures would be sent to J'apanese bachelors in tl'le United newr any objection in San Francisco to the admission of States; these were plain Japanese laborers. When the picture Japanese to the grammar schools, the high schools, or to the bride was selected by the prospectiy-e groom the maiTiage of the State university at Berkeley. The sole objection was with girl to the laborer in California was solemnized in Japan, a reference to admission to the primary schools. It was found proxy groomsman officiating for the purpose. Immediately that Japanese youths, 18, 19, and 20 years of age, unable to after the ceremony the bride would take passage for California, speak or write English, would be put into- the classes where our and would, for the first time in her life~ meet her husband, little boys and girls, 6 and 7 years of age, were taught. It was who invariably was at the dock in San Francisco on the an-ival against that custom that the action of the Board of Education of the steamer bearing his spouse. Through this means the of San Francisco was directed. The occidentals of ad,-anced number of women immigrants increased by leaps and bounds age, who did not speak or write English, generally attended the When the gentlemen's agreement was negotiated there was adult foreign classes of the night schools of San Francisco. no thought in the mind of President Roo~evelt, or any Ameri­ The Japanese, however, chose to attend the primary classes of can, that this system would be invoked to bring thousands of the day school with the very young children. The action of tbe Japanese female laborers to the United States. Again, there school boa-rd gave rise to acrimonious newspaper utterances and seemed to be an apparent effort by means of the picture brides bitter· attacks against Californians in the Empire across the to- evade the true spirit of the agreement. All of this has re­ Pacific. The matter was eventually straightened out, bow­ sulted in constant misunderstanding and has been tile cause o.f ever, and nothing further has had to be done in regard to that considerable trouble in the matter of the immigration of the subject. Japanese laboring class.es to the United States. 126 OONGRESSION AJj l{.EOORD-HOUSE. DECEl\IBER 9'

The Japanese Go-rernment recently, by reason of the attitude can soldier in "walking along a street in Tientsin saw a Japa­ of the Californians on the subject of picture brides, decided to nese soldier near the police station in that city. He immedi­ prevent a continuation of the custom. I am sure that Japan in ately walked up to the Japanese and slapped his face. Our making this change realized the injury that was being done her American officers then apologized to the Japanese officers. cause by allowing the practice to continue; and, with all due The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman bas expired. respect for the sentiment of Japan, I frankly state that it would l\1r. l\fADD&~. I ask unanimous consent that the time of the have been better if she had never allowed the practice to obtain gentleman be extended 15 minutes. at any ti me after the gentlemen's agreement was negotiated. The SPEAKER. Tile gentleman from Illinois asks unani­ One of the difficulties of the whole situation is the fact that mous consent that the time of the gentleman from California the attitude of the people on the Pacific coast is misrepresented be extended 15 minutes. Is there objection: by the demagogues of Japan. I can not repeat too strongly the Mr. GARD. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman statement that the people f the West ha\e the greatest re­ may be permitted to conclude his remarks. spect, the greatest appreciation, the greatest admiration for the l\lr. KAHN. I can easily conclude v;·ithin 15 minutes. Nipponese. Nobody considers them in any way inferior to the • The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the extension of the white man. But their habits of thought, their customs, their gentleman's time 15 minutes? traditions are different from ours. Japanese publicists, agita­ There was no objection. tors, and politicians seem to insist that our objection, as I have Mr. KAHN. I thank the gentleman and the House. I stated before, is racial. These habits and customs to which I merely cite this incident to show how a spirit of resentment have referred are not practiced by the Shozuki, or higher­ can be engendered by an aggressive, unprovoked attack upon class Japanese in the United States. They are practiced en­ the nationals of a friendly country. The consul general of tirely by the laboring class, and we in California consider that the United States, I am told, informed his Government of these customs and habits make the Japanese laborers a non­ what had happened and an investigation was ordered; four or assimilable element in our Western States. five weeks later the Japanese ambassador at Washington called I want to say that only this morning I recei,ed in my mail· n at our State Department and offered an apology for what had pamphlet i sued by Prof. Yoshi Suburo Kuno, assistant pro­ been done by the Japanese troops. The matter is in a fair fessor of oriental languages at the Uni,ersity of California. way of being amicably settled in a few days and will undoubt­ A sentence which caught my eye on opening the book shows edly saon become a closed incident. how accurate the Californians are in their estimate of the And I want to say that the newspapers this morning declare Japanese in that State. This is what the learned professor that the Japanese ambassador ent to our State Department says: yesterday and offered the regrets of Japan for the incident, and AU Japanese in the United States. including nath·e son and daugh­ that our State Department offered apologies for what the Amer­ ters, being, from the standpoint of Japan, her subjects, are obliged to ican soldier had done. So that it is evidently a closed incident. repot't births, marriages, and deaths, besides movements of the family, The American people have never become excited over the to the Japanese Government. affair. You bear no threat of war on the part of American So that from the moment be lands in the United States every statesmen, politicians, or even demagogues. I know I utter the Japanese is constantly in touch with his 'home Government earnest hope and the wish of every patriotic · American that and is compelled under their laws and customs to furnish this peace between the two countries may continue perpetually, but information. It bears · out e~actly what the people of Cali­ I say, in all candor and in all frankness, that if the statesmen, fornia have always contended in the matter of nonassimila­ the publicists, the politicians, the agitators, and the demagogues bility. of Japan really want war with the United States they will have But in all the agitation on this subject on the I>aci.fic coast to be the ones to bring it on and not the Americans. [Applause.] thera has never been any talk of war. We in America hope, We are a peace-loving people. \Ve w:mt peace. We hope with Premier Hara, that war between the two nations is un­ always to avoid war. We are not looking for trouble. nut the thinkable. world has only reGently learned that we are not too proud to I am free to admit that we do not understand in this coun­ .fight; nor are we afraid to fight when we are forced into war. try the inh·icacies of Japanese politics. ·we know that the [Applause.] Japanese have shown their prowess in two great wars-the Personally, I favor military preparedness. I favor unlve1·sal war with China in 1894 and that with Russia in 1904. In addi­ military training, because I see in that plan the greatest safe­ tion, Japan performed wonderful military and naval services guard for my country. I bave no fear that there will be war in the cause of the Allies in the recent 'Vorld War in 1914. between .Tapan and the United States in my lifetime, nor even With the aspirations of the militarists of Japan, witlt the in the lifetime of my sons. And I am thoroughly satisfied ambitions of many of her resourceful leaders for the extension that if my country remains measurably prepared there will be of her territory, I am not concerned at this time, and I do not no difficulty between the_two nations at any time. Publicists intend to discuss them at any length at present. and authors, however, tell us that Japan is making every I do want, however, to call to the attention of my country­ effort to unite the yellow races; that Japan, under such a pro­ men a condition that existed in Japan in l\1arch, .1919. An gram, hopes and expects to be the leader of such a race amal­ attack was made near Tientsin on some American soldiers. gamation; that she is striving in every way to acquire and The newspaper accounts cabled to America indicated that the maintain the hegemony of the yellow nations. latter in a drunken row got into altercations with Japanese sol­ Mr. Henry Chung, a native of Korea and citizen of the Far diers and a .fight ~nsued. It has been reliably stated, however, East, who has been in .the United States for some years, pub­ that the American · soldiers were not drunk and had not been lished his book, "The Oriental Policy of the United States," drunk when the disturbance arose. It has even been said that near the end of 1919. In his preface he makes this clear and the Japanese soldiers had their officers advising them as to straightforward assertion: their course of procedure which resulted in the riot. The story Consolidation of Asia under Japanese domination is the vision of the Japanese statesmen; and toward the attainment of this national goal leaked out, however, to the effect that it was pure propaganda there is unity of purpose among Japanese leaders. With this in view.; work, undertaken in order to impress the Chinese people with Korea was annexed, Manchuria was absorbed, inner Mongolia ana the fact that Americans would not only not come to their de­ Fukien Province are being overwhelmed, and last but not least. Japan has obtained from the powers at the peace conference the official recog­ fense in case of difficulties, but the Japanese would show the nition of her paramount interests in Shantung. At the present rata Chinese people . that the United States Government would. not of Japanese aggression China can not last very long. even come to the defense of its own troops if the latter got into We have read in articles in various publications that the trouble. It is to be regretted that the use of propaganda work present generation of Chinese are absolutely •opposed to the is frequently resorted to in the island Empire. Japanese. Nay, more, they have a hatred of the Japanes . When the story leaked out the American consul general im­ We are told that the growing generation of Chinese is thoroughly mc<1iate1y went to the Japanese police station near Tientsin, antagonistic to the hegemony of Japan. where, it was contended, the American soldiers had been And I received from one of the Members of the House only brought, and demanded that these soldiers, who were said to day before yesterday a copy of the speech of Marquis Okuma be in the building, be delivered over to the representative of to the delegation that visited Japan in the early part of this this country. The Japanese officers denied any knowledge of year, or rather during the summer. I imagine this speech was the whereabouts of our soldiers. Just at that moment a ter­ given to every member of the delegation and to the laymen who rific groan was heard coming from an adjoining room. The · accompanied 'the .-delegation. This is v;·hat the Marquis said American consul general opened the door, and there, lying on about China at that time: the floor, horribly wounded, beaten, and bruised, were two The Chinese are a nation or hedonists through and through, who American soldiers. The story of the assault caused deep in­ live for the joy of the moment and go on piling debts on loans when dignation on the part of the American soldiers at Tientsin, the nation is on the brink of bankruptcy. What do they spend these borrowed moneys on? Political rehabilitation is always their excuse, However, the Japanese officers promptly offered their apologies but all goes into the private J?Ockets of Go'fernment officials. Wait till to our local officers for the incident. The next day an Ameri- the end of time, and they wil, never become a self-governing people. / 1!>20. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 127

That is what one of the great statesmen of Japan belie\es of tion to the Japanese Government, as alluded to in the pamphlet the ability of the Chinese, and it carries out completely what by Prof. Yoshi Saburo Kuno, to which the gentleman alluded in l:.be publicists of the Orient tell us is the endea-vor of Japan to his speech? sccuTe the hegemony of the yellow race. 1\Ir. K.A.HX Of eourse I do not know; but I do. know that It is openly stated that Japan, in ordet· to accomplish her the Japanese are an inten ely patriotic people; that they lO\~ purpose, 'Will resort to any expediency she finds necessary. It ' their country with a devotion that might well be emulated by lis er-en contended at the present time that, despite the agreement the -peop!e of other nations; and if their Government asks them entered into by tbe nations of the world at The Hague in the , to make these Teports you can be positiyely ·assured that they early part of 1914, to the effect that they will endeavor. to wipe ' are making them. Ollt t11e opium habit .in China., Japan has been sending large Mr. JUUL. Will the gentleman yield for a question? quantities of morphine, which is nothing more nor less than the Mr. KAHN. Certainly. -narcotic principle of opium, to Shantung and other Chinese l\1r. JUUL. Has the ·gentleman made any arrangement for P~·ovinces in which she bas a strong influence. _Of course, the distributing copies of his speech among the Members of the continued use of this drug will help to deaden the patriotic !louse? energies of the users thereof. We are informed that the Mr. KAHN'. I hope to have it printed in pamphlet form, and Chinese officials haYe protested and nre -protesting Yigorously I will gladly gi\e copies to all Members who desire them. against this attempt to override The Hague agreement on the [Applause.] subject of narcotics. If the stories we hear are true, I presume The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expire(]. that when peace is fuUy restored in the wo·rld the other nations IMMIGRATIO~. \Yill undoubtedly again try to protect the welfare of the Chinese 1\Ir. C...UIPBELL of Kansas. lli. S.peaker, I submit a by preYenting the importation of morphine from Japan or its pri\ileged report from 'the Committee on Rules. possessions. Responsible publicists do not hesitate to state that e\en to-day ' The Clerk read as follows : Japan is trying to secure control of the school system of China. House resolution GOl. Resol,;edJ That immediately upon the adoption of this resolution it What does that mean? Simply this: That Japanese teachers shall be in order to move that the House resolve itself into the Com mil enuea\or to instill in the minds of the \ery young Chinese mittee of the Whole ·House on the state of the Union for the con: a hatred of the white man. sideration of H. R.- 14461, b.eing a bill "To provide for the pro­ tection of the citizens of the United States by the temporary sus­ There are G,OOO,OOO children born e\ery year in China. If pension · of immigration, and for other purposes." That there shill that hatred of the white man can find an abiding -place in the be not to exceed four hours of general debate, the time to be .con­ hearts of the young Chinese, then the Caucasians will have to trolled, one-hal! by the gentleman from Washington, Mr. JOHXS::>N, l9ok out. It will probably be se\enty-fi\e or a hundred years one-h~f by !lDY member of the minority of. the. committee opposing the b~II. or if .there be no member of the m1nonty of the committee before the spirit of hatred can be thoroughly instilled. What opposmg the b1ll, then by any member e_minute rule. That upon the completion of such consideration the c.oml!littee shall automatically rise and report the bill to the . antagonistic to the Japanese because of racial prejudice. I have House w1th all amendments thereto, if any, whereupon the previous tried to point out the fallaciousness of that statemBnt. Let me question shall be considered as ordered on the bill -and all amendments remind my colleagues that similar legislation to that enacted in thereto to final passage without intervening motion, except one motion California and the \Vestern States has also been enacted by the to recommit. . Union of South .Africa., by Aush·alia, by New Zealand, and by 1\Ir. C.Al\IPBELL of Kansas. l\Ir. Speaker, I would like to Canada. These are all British dominions or Provinces or colo­ see if we can.not make some agreement as to time on the rule. nies. The officials and the people of these British possessions Mr. GARRETT. I imagine that we can. What is the gentle­ are just as determined to keep out Japanese immigrants of the man's request? lalJoring class as are the people of the west coast of the United :Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I haYe had reque -t for con­ States. There is no doubt but these posses ions of Great Britain siderable time on the rule besides what little time I will use will de-velop in population and in 'Wealth very considerably in myself. I suggest 30 minutes on a side. · the years to come. Are the Japanese tning to bring about the 1\Ir. GARRETT. I will say that I ha \€ reque ts for 13 world-old conflict between the white races and the yellow and minutes outside of such time as I may use myself-5 minutes brown races? I sincerely hope not. But it is a question which by a gentleman opposed to the rule and the bill, 5 minutes by the statesmen of all liberty loving, democratic nations and peo- ' a gentleman in favor of the rule and the bill, and 3 minutes ples '\iill do well to study and bear constantly in mind. [Ap· by a gentleman who desires to discuss another subject durin"" plause.] . that brief time. . . o l\lr. MILLER. Will the gentleman yield for a short question? _I am in favor of the rule, but I make the suggestion that l\Ir. KAHN. I will if I ha\e time. the gentleman yield some of his time to those opposed as I The SPEAKER. The gentleman has two minutes remaining. shall do on this side. 1\lr. MILLER. Can the gentleman from California gi\e us Mr. SABA.TH. lli. Speaker, in new of the fact that the approximately the numbeT of Japanese now on the Pacific coast? gentleman from Tennessee as well as the gentleman from Kan­ Mr. KAIL~. I think there are about 175,000. The census sas are in favor of the rule, I think it would be manifestly re11orts indicate that there are about 78,000 in California, al­ unfair that they should control all the time in fa\or of the rule. though the officials in California contend that there are fully I am opposed to the rule, but I have no chanC€ or opportunity 100,000 there. to inquire of the membership as to how many there are who · ~lr. TAYLOR of Colorado. \\'ill the gentleman yield for a like myself, are opposed to the rule. I think if additionai question? time is granted it should be equally divided. If, ho'IT"en~r, the 1\lr. ~. Certainly. gentleman assm.'eS me that other gentlemen desire to use time Mr. 'TAYLOR of Colorado. Is the Go-vernment of Japan pra­ against the rule, I will gladly yield a certain amount of my te ting against the action of the British colonies 1n excluding time. the Japs from their territory? Mr. CAl\IPBELL of Kansas. If the time of 30 minutes on a l\Ir. KAK~. We do not hear yery much of the protests if side is agreed to, I assure the gentleman that I mil yield some iliey are making any. We do hear about the protests with re­ of it to those opposed. ganl to the United States of America. 1\Ir. GARRE~.r. And I am willing to yield one-half of my Ir. TAYLOR of Colorado. Are the laws of Ausb·alia. and time to those opposed to the rule. th other British Provinces similar to those of California? 1\Ir. C.Al\IPBELL of Kansas. I think I shall be able to yield 1\Ir. KAIL~. I understand they are. some of my time to those opposed to the rule. l\lr. TAYLOR of Colorado. \\t.,.e hear of no protests being Mr. SABATH. Then, 1\Ir. Speaker, that is agreeable to me. mad. 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. l\lr. Speaker, I ask unanimous Mr. KAHN. They are not allowed to enter those British consent that the time for debate on the rule be fixed at one rwssessions any more than they are allowed to enter the west bour-one-half to be controlled by myself and one-half by the coast of our country. _ gentleman from Tennessee [1\.Ir. GAnRETT]. . Mr. LANGLEY. 'Vill the gentleman yield for a question? Th~ SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the JUr. KAHN. Certainly. gentleman from Kansas? · l\Ir. LANGLEY. Is it a fact that the Japanese predominate 1\lr. WINGO. Reserving the right to object, is it the gentle­ in numbers in the Hawaiian Island ? man's intention to pass the bill to-night? JUr. KAHN. They do. Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Oh, no ; there ''ill be four 1\Ir. OLIVER. Will the gentleman yield? hours' general debate on the ·bill. Mr. KAHN. Certainly. Tile SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. OLIVER. Does the gentleman find that the Japanese in gentleman from Kansas? California are reporting their births, deaths, and other informa- · There was no objection. 128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. D ECEl\fBER 9 . ' 1\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, it is a happy co­ amount of the best commodities that could be produced by incident that this rule follows the interesting and very timely highly skilled labor, the world found them in the United States. speech of the gentleman from Califo·rnia [1\fr. KAHN] . This 'Ye bad the resowces, the men, the material, and the machin~ rule brings before "the House for consideration a question of ery, and the money. We had everything that was essential ~e very greatest importance. Whatever is done upon great when the war came on to enable us to aid in its successful questions of this kind should be done in the interest of the prosecution. We had all these things and more in the United Government and tile people of the United States of America. States because of the standards that we have maintained in Every action that is taken here should be with a view of the this country for more than half a century. We must not per­ general welfare of our own people--those whO' are here. We mit sentimentality, we must not permit any sort of propaganda can ill afford at a time when the reconstruction of the entire to drive us to a position of weakness. We must reconstruct for world is in progress to undertake to do more than our share the we~are of the United States, and in doing so we must pre­ of the world's work. We have our own reconstruction prob­ serve everything that is here 'that is essential for the welfare lems, as they have their own in other countries of the world. and for the future of our own people. [Applause.] It is not for me to recount the unhappy conditions that exist Mr. Speaker, I reserve the remainder of my time. in many parts of the United States, but they are here; unhappy Mr. GARRETT. 1\fr. Speaker, I bad not intended address­ conditions exist in every country in the world, conditions from ing the House for a few minutes yet, at least, but in view of the which many people would like to escape. fact that I stated in the preliminary remarks when we were But we must face at this time, in this country, and others about to agree on time that I was with the gentleman from must face elsewhere the conditions that are the natural result Kansas [Mr. CA:?.IPBELL] on this rule, and in \iew of a portion of the Great War through which the world has gone. Every of the remarks just made by the gentleman from Kansas, I nation and every people must suffer it& proportion of the con­ think I would better say a word or two right now. I am with sequences of that Great \Var. We are concerned in this country the gentleman from Kansas on the rule for the consideration of about our tandards of citizenship, about our standards of this immigration bill and I am with him in favor of the bill, but living, about our standards of wages, about the general welfare so far as the prevention of importation of goods to which he made of our people. We are undertaking this extraordinary legisla­ reference I shall have to see the bill in the next Congre s be­ tion in the interest of the people of the United States. fore I am willing to say how I shall vote upon it. [Laughter.] \Ye must limit the flood of immigration that may come to I agree that the matter that this bill is to bring before the this country, because it is the best place to live at this time, or House is a very important matter. I came into this body in any other, because of its better conditions of employment and favor of stringent immigration restriction. I may have changed wages, because of its better opportunities for acquiring homes, my mind on a number of public questions since I ba\e been here, because of its better opportunities for children to grow up but this is one upon which I haYe not changed my mind. Qn under conditions that bold out hopeful futures. the contrary, I believe that the conditions of the present but We must reserve what is here for the people of the United emphasize the correctness of conviction of those who through States who are here now. [Applause.] A period of two years' these long years have favored stringent restriction of the num­ limitation on immigration during the reconstruction of the ber and close scrutiny of the character of those who may come world it seems to me is most timely. into the United States. There may be some details of the bill There are to-day, it is stated, in the neighborhood of 2,000,000 upon which I may feel justified in voting for an amendment; men without employment in the United States. Shall we add but, so far as I understand the principle of the bill, I am pre­ to these millions that are unemployed the thousands of im­ pared and glad to give it my hearty and earnest support. _[Ap­ migrants that are on the way, the hundreds of thousands mak­ plause.] ing preparations to come and the millions who are anxious to 1\fr. Speaker, I yield 15 minutes to the gentleman from Illinois escape conditions tn the Old ·world? It is said that there are [1\fr. SABATH], to be used as he may see proper. to-day preparations being made in the Old ·world for from The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. TILso ) . The gentleman fifteen to eighteen million immigrants into the United States from I llinois is recognized for 15 minutes. who would come within the next two years if they could. l\Ir. SABATH. l\1r. Speaker and gentlemen of the Hou~e, the We can not assimilate large numbers of immigrants during gentleman from Kansas [l\lr. C-AMPBELL] states that we llave this r~construction period. We can not give them employment, at this · time upward of 2,000,000 people unemployed in this we can not therefore permit them to enter without injur ing the country and that the conditions are such that immediate con­ welfare of our country, without injuring the standards of our sideration af this measure is demanded. I am satisfied he will living, without injuring the employment of those who are here, be obliged to admit that up to GO days ago there was no such without lowering our scale of wages. thing as unemployment in our country. On the contrary, tiJere This we can not afford to do. In this period of reconstruc­ was a general shortage of labor everywhere. Of cour e-, 1\lr. tion we shall not only have to limit immigration, but we shall Speaker, conditions have changed in the last GO days and espe­ have to limit by proper taxation the importation of a flood of cially since the e~ection . Later on, in my remarks on th not here to participate in the benefits to be found here. We must know from whom the gentleman from Kan as [l\lr. CAMPBELL] immediately take the steps that are necessary to maintain our or the gentleman from 'Vashington [Mr. JoH soN] received tbe standards of living and wages for the American people, and to information upon which they base their opinion that there is a maintain the opportunities -that are here for the ambitious need for immediate action upon this legislation. 1\lr. Spenker. youth of our country. The only way that it can be done is by it is not my desire to speak at this time on the provisions ot the nroper legislation excluding for a period the immigration that bill and, to my mind, this unnecessary and uncalled for ' Pgis­ is ready to come in and by properly taxing the importations of lation. What I do desire is to call the attention of the Rou~e such goods as may come into the country in competition with to the most unusual, unprecedented manner in which this bi II is those produced here by the laborers of America. being brought in this House. At 10.30 o'clock on Monday morn­ 'Ve have been able to serve the wor ld and mankind because ing, before the third session of this Congress convened, a meet­ of the exceptional standards that we have established here. ing of the Committee on Immigration was called for the pur­ We have been able to do much for humanity that · no other pose of considering a bill "bich bad not been introduce1l and people could do. Our high standard of living and wages have was repor ted to the House. made us an intensely productive nation. When the world The Committee on Rules, notwithstanding the fact that I needed great production, when the wor ld needed the · largest called their attention to this actiov of the Immigration Com- 1920. ;-- CONGRESSIONAL RECQRD-HOUSE. 129 .

mittee, .w.hich . I considered dangerous, reported out a special Mr. SAB.A.TH. I yield to the gentleman from New York. rule making in order .the bill that' had fiot been introduced_in 1\fr. GRIFFIN. May. I ask the gentleman, was there a meet.. the House. I am satisfied that it matters not what I may say ing of the Immigration Committee after the bill was introduced,. or how dangerous the precedent is that is being established by and did that Immigration Committee pass upon the bill? this move, the majority of the Members will nevertheless vote Mr. SABATH. No; there was no meeting of the committee for the rule; but I do know that in the days that are · to come after the bill was introduced. The only meeting of the com· the majority of you will regret that this precedent is being mittee that was had was the meeting on Mqnday morning at established. If it were not a ,measure of great importance I 10.30 o'clock and we adjourned at 12 o'clock to be present when would not take up the time of this House to call your attention the third session of the Sixty-sixth Congress was convened. to it. The arguments that have been made by the gentleman . Mr. GRIFFIN. Well, did the Immigration Committee at that from Kansas and those that will be made by the gentleman meeting take any action upon the bill? · from Washington were made on the floor of this House 2 years Mr. S.A.B.A.TH. It did; but I contend the committee bad no· ago, 3 years ago, 5 years ago, 10 years ago, and to my personal jurisdiction, because the committee had not received the bill knowledge 14 years ago, and from what the record of this from the House inasmuch as the House was not yet in session. House shows 100 years ago. The same fears were entertained 1\lr. GRIFFIN. And it was not referred to them and could then that are now being entertained by the gentleman from not haYe been referred to them? Kansas, but notwithstanding these threats and fears in the Mr. SAB.A.TH. No. I now yield to the gentieman from Ten- years gone by the country continued to prosper. The gen- nessee. tleman himself admitted that this country is the most prosper- Mr. GARRETT. This question that the gentleman rajses, ous and the richest country of them all. He states that the while technical, is important, and the gentleman is right in that standard of living is better than anywhere else. That is true. I do not think the Committee on Rules ought to ·act upon a bill He says that the standard of wages is higher than in any other under ordinary circumstances, or the House ought to act upon country. I agree with him, but I ask him who helped to bring a bill, that has not been regularly acted upon by a committee, that about, who helped to bring about the prosperity .of the but it was my understanding-and I violate no confidence, I Nation, who aided-- think, because this was stated in open hearing of the Committee l\fr. MASON. l\1r. Speaker-- on Rules-that while the consideration of this measure began l\Ir. SABATH. Who aided and assisted in this great produc- in the morning before Congress had convened, the committee tion during the World War which the gentleman stated we were was sitting at that time under authority given it at the last in position to bring about because we had the men and the session of Congress. The gentleman makes no question about materials? the regularity of that meeting, I understand, because the power The SPEAKER pro tempore. Does the gentleman from Illi- to sit during the recess was conferred upon the Committee on nois yield? Immigration? Mr. SAB.A.TH. In a moment. It was the very immigrants l\fr. SAB.A.TH. There is no question about that. whom you are going to prevent entering our doors in the Mr. GARRETT. So there is no question about that. Now, future. I -will now yield to my colleague. they met at 10.30 on Monday morning to consider this particular 1\:Ir. l\IASON. I do not wish to interrupt my colleague, but bill, or to consider what was contained in what was known as if that is a statement of fact, and I have no doubt the gentle- the confidential print; it had no number. Now, it was further man is correct, is it not subject to a point of order that we my understanding that subsequent to the beginning of the ses­ can not consider properly a bill that is reported before it is· sion and the introduction of the bill that it was formally re­ introduced? I ported from that committee, although the gentleman may not l\fr. SABATH. I am of the opinion that it is. But my have been present at that time. · colleague knows I do not lay great stress upon technicalities. l\fr. JOHNSON of Washington. I think the statement of the I do not desire to take up unnecessarily the time of the House, gentleman from Tennessee is correct and covers the situation. notwithstanding I felt it was my duty to call attention to the l\Ir. SAB.A.T)l. Well, the committee might have had a meet­ practice or the precedent which is being established by this ing, but I was not present, nor was I informed that any meeting rule. Oh, the chances are I could have delayed this matter was held in the afternoon. Nevertheless, I feel that the chair­ for a day or two, but what would I gain for this great cause man of the committee did believe that he had jurisdiction be­ in view of the prejudiced minds in this House? However, it cause of the fact that the committee was authorized to haYe was not my intention to take up so much time upon the propo- hearings, but I maintain he did not have authority to consider . sition embodied in the bill. All I did desire within these few a bill and report a bill out of the committee which had not been moments was to speak upon the rule and why I believe in introduced in the House. 'l;'here was nothing before them at fairness and justice- to the House and in protection of the that time, and therefore the bill could not have been in the com­ Members of the House and for the reasons I have given that mittee properly. It is for the future I am arguing. Ur. the rule should not be adopted,-and that the Rules Committee Speaker, I fully realize that it matters not how irregular the should in the future realize and recognize that they should action was, the resolution will be adopted, but I am placing the not bring in a rule on any bill that has not been properly House upon record, so that we will see what the future may. referred to a committee as the rules of· this House provide. bring-- Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. SAB.A.TH. I do. Mr. SAB.A.TH. And what effect it will have on the future. Mr. CAMPBELL

l\1r. GRIFFIN, :Mr. Sp~aker-~--- 15,000,000 passengers over to America. Yet in the present The SPEAKER; pro tempore. For what pUrpose does the hysteria which has been created in the newspapers by propa­ gentleman ri ? ganda spread broadcast oTer here and other places throughout Mr. GR1FFIN. I rise for the purpose of reserving a point the Un1t~d States, peoplE: are led to believe the statement that of. o-rd-el' on the bill and on the discnssion of the bili and ot the bas been· made even though it is evidenced that it can not be rnJ ~ and r want tcr be heard. true. I am asking for cool and calm deliberation and con­ 1\f:r. BLANTO..~. . Mr. Sp~aker, I ma.ke the point of ord~r sideration ot propos~d legislation. We all know something of th, t after the resolution has begun to be considered under a.n arithmetic. We all know that the statement is incorrect and agreement the reservation comes too late. inaccurate. Yet we are led away by reading the newspaper Mr. GRIFFIN. Th-e gentleman snrely' thinks that it is a reports along those lines. No one takes a pencil and paper point of order for.him to answer my point of order? . to do his own figuring. We take the road of least resistance if l\Ir·. BLANTON. I make the point of order the reservation it Will only save ns doing any mental work. hl out of order. . 1 am opposed to this bill: I am opposed to this rule. I be­ The SPEA.,KER pro tempore. The matter has not come up yet lieve it is an nnfair method of trying to ohtain legi lation. I :for consideration. belie~e it is legislation which the good of the country re- l\lr. BLANTON. The Speaker will rememb~r- that last ses..­ quires should be defeated. · sion that particular point was decided by Mr. Speaker GILLETT The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. when a resolution was brought in here con.cerning debate on a Mr. GRIFFIN. :Mr. Speaker, I desire to addre s a parlia­ ruie with re pect to an investigating committee. I attempted mentary Inquiry to the Chair.. This bill is set do"Wn for dis­ to mrute a point of order at that time, and the Speaker ruled cus ion this afternoon under a rule which the llules Committee that the r~sofution haVing come up for debate under agreement has brought in. Now, it has been de\eloped during the (lebate as to time, the time for making reservation and points of order on the rule that the bill itself was not introduced until we met wa p~d. • on 1\londas, December 6, and it appears from the discussion 'l'he SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman is correct so that the Committee on Immigration, to which, according to far ns this resolution is concerned. the RECORD, that bill had been referred by the Speaker on Mon­ l\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. l\lr. Speaker, how much time day afternoon, had considered it in the morning and llad have I remaining? directed it to be repo1ted out. Now, the REconn, on page 8, The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman has 20 min­ states that the bill H. R. 14461 '\\US introduced by l\fr. JoHN­ ute remaining. so~ of Washington- · l\Ir. GRIFFIN. l\lr. Speaker, I want to know what action-~ to provide for the protection of the citizen of tho United State by The SPELiliER pro tempore. The gentleman has asked for the temporary suspension of immigration, and for otller purpo s- no action. l\1r. GRIFFIN. I ask to reserve a point of order on the dis­ and was referred ta the Committee on Immigration nod Nat­ cu ion of the bill when the bill is called up. uralization. The SPEAKER pro tempore. . The gentleman from Kansas The gentleman from Illinoi [Mr. SA..BATH], in nnswer to a [Mr. CAMPBELL) is- recognized. question, says that there was no meeting of the Committee on l\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I yield five minutes to the Immigration after the introduction of this bill to pass upon it. gentleman fuom New· York [Mr. Smam:.]. In that event the que tion arises as to whether the bill is ub­ l\lr. SIEGEL. Mr. Speaker, the pr~edent a.ttempted to be ject ·to a point of order, and I reserved such a point of order. established by this pro.cedm·e is one of the most dangerous and Now, my parliamentary inquiry is this: Do I lose the right to one which a calm and deliberate body-- such as the Hotrse of make that point of order if the discus ion on the rule is per­ Representatives should ~ndea~or in every way to a\oid. 'rhis mitted to p-r:oceed and a \Ote i taken on the rule? bill was never introduc~d in this House before it was acted The SPEAKERJ The Chair does not think that the point of upon by this committee. The committee met on Monday morn­ o-rder would be affected by allowing the di cu sion to pro eed ing at about -16.30 o'clock, a.nd tbe so-called eonfidential print if the discussion would be subject to a point of order. The of tbis bill, which appeared in the newspapers al over' the' Chair expre-sse Ilo opinion on that. It is past. Tll Chair country two or thre~ days-- before, was pl'esente'd to- tlle Mem­ would think now, however, that the discu ion would not pre­ bers somewl'lat modified. It had not been intt·oduced in this vent the gentleman from making a point of OTder. House and it J:iad not been referred to the Committe~ · on Immi­ Mr. DOWELL. But, l\Ir. Speaker, has not be discus ion gration and Naturali~ation at that time. The bill WaS' read already prevented the qu tion of whether it 1 subject to a through in a hurry, and the so-called bill-because it had ne er point of order from now being raised, and should not that been introduced or referred-was reported here With a. ma­ question have- been raised at the time the rule was presented? jority report. On Tuesd'ay at 12 o'doek the Committee on Mr. GRIFFIN. '"'o, Mr. Speaker; becaus~ the bill hn not Rules came in here and- attempted to pass a ruie to consider been considered as- yet. The 'point of order i properly ad­ such a m~asure without th~ mfn:ortty views or those represent dressed, as I think, to the bill when the bill come np for con­ ·ing those viewEf haVing a.n opportunity- to express their view . sider tion. l\fr. C.Al\IPBELL of Kansas. Will the gentleman yi~ld ?­ Mr~ l\f.A1\'N of lllinois. 1\lr. Spenket'; the point of order i l'iJr. SIEGEL. I wi11. made during the consideration of the :ruie. It i qnlte ''ithin l\1r. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Mr'. Speaker, I trost the gen­ the privilege of the Committee on Rules and of the Iiou e after­ tleman from New York will be accurate, at least, in his state­ wards to bring in and adopt a rul~ providino- for the conSidern­ ment as to what the Committee on Rules attempted to do, be­ tion of a bill that ha not yet been introduced. A bill tloes ~au· e the Coml11ittee on Rules attempted tO' do nothing of tl'l.e not nrrve to be repo-rted or even introduced. The Committee ou kind nnd presented no rule until this morning. I anno·unced on Rules ca:n bring in a rule and the Honse can adopt a rule fur Tuesday that 1 wollld call up tlie rule on Thursday. the consideration of :1 bill that i yet to be introduced if it ~b. SIEGEL. The gentleman dues not deny that he had the chooses to, so that no point of~der won.ld lie against the con­ rule iir his pocket. The REconn of Tu~a.y tells the story 6f sideration of the ruie. That is the only point of order that the bard time I had to obtain the privilege and right which can be made at this time. wa mine as the ranking RepUblican member on this committee Mr. SABATH~ Mr. Speake:ct will the gentleman yield? ·to hn~e time· in which to file minority views. I obtained that Mr. GRIFFIN. l\Iy inquiry, lUr. Speaker1 was addres ed to right des]:}ite the spectaCle of three Members at one time at­ the raising of the poin-t of order upon the consideration of the tempting to stop me from gettillg it. bill. I agroo- with the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. :J.\l.Acrr J The Hous-e is to take action and it will set a precedent to-day that the point of ordev tnlght not lie at this time, and that is of what it intends to do and as to what it thinks of that method why I addressed the inquiry to the Speaker. of attempted legislation. I db not think one ean find a single The point, Mr. Speaker, is this: Whether or not a Member of · precedent in the history- of Congress when any'tlllng similar has this House loses his right by permitting his point of order to been tried or done. lie dormant du;ring th~ con idetation of the rule. I propose to ::r:,.ow, my distinguished friend from Kansas [Mr. CAMPBEt.L] make a1 point of order against the bill wh:m it comes up for di - stated a few moments ago that some one had said 15,000,000 cussion, and I addl'es d the inquiry to t)le Speaker as to immigrants wouid come o~er here in a year or two. The 't'ery whether I lo e the right to enforce my point of order at that • ubgurdity- of the statement should appeal to an;9'body who can time. take a pencil and paper and try to do a little figuring. '!'here The SPEAKER. The Chair a.nswered the gentleman by say­ a:re just 75 ships that bring passengers running between the ing tl'lat he thought the gen.tleman could not lose any right by United States and Europe and Asia. They- can- make ll.V'erage· further discussion. round trips of 12 a seat•. If they we1•e ta run-for- 10 y~ars · Mr. GRIFFIN. The point of ol'der is not addressed to the without stopping a single day for repairs, they could not bring action of the Rules Committee. I want to make that clear. 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 131

Mr. WINGO. Mr. Speaker, if the Speaker will permit me, I [Mr. GRIFFIN] is concerned, I want to say to the gentleman think the time to make a point of order on the ru1e would be at that he has his remedy. the time o~ the reading of the rule. Evidently the only point As I understand the rule, it simply provides that upon its to which a point of order would lie would be the rule. A point adoption it shall be in order to move that the House resolve of order would have to be made on the conclusion of its reading. itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MANN] has correctly stated the Union for the consideration of this bill; and as our beloved the rule. The committee can report such a rule, and immediately friend, Uncle JoE CANNON, said some years ago, a majority after the adoption of the ru1e the House can proceed to the of this House can always do anything it P.leases; and when consideration of the bill. The philosophy of it is this: If the this rule is adopted, when the motion is made that the House bill is in committee, the working of the rule is such that it acts resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole to consider this automatically to discharge the committee from the consideration bill, the gentleman can raise the question of consideration, and of the bill and brings the bill before the House. The House if a majority want to consider the bill they can do it. If a may adopt a special ru1e to consider the bill. That has been majority do not want to consider it, they can refuse to do so. done in this instance. This is by the adoption of a special rule, I want to commend both the Committee on Rules and the which sets aside all rules to the contrary, and under it the House Committee on Immigration. [Applause.] may, if a majority desire, consider the text of a bill that has Mr. GARRETT. I yield four· minutes to the gentleman from never been reported by a committee, or even considered by one. California [Mr. RAKER]. l\Ir. SABATH. And it makes this bill in order. I can not Mr. RAKER. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the committee, see how any objection can lie against the bill, because the reso­ the question as to tl;J.e rule being in order is practicaJly dis­ lution makes it in order. posed of. The only question-and the House ought to know it­ Mr. WINGO. If a point of order is made against the bill it is whether this matter has been fully considered by the Com­ will have to be considered at the conclusion of the reading of mittee on Immigration. the bill. I want to call attention to the fact that on January 20, 1919, Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? . a bill was reported to this House suspending immigration for l\Ir. WINGO. Yes. four years. No one filed an adverse report upon that bill save l\Ir. GRIFFIN. I ask the gentleman what protection the and except the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. PowERs] and House has when the objection to a bill is not revealed or dis­ the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. KNUTSON]. They wanted closed until the argument on the rule comes up? the period of the suspension of immigration to be two years 1\Ir. WINGO. That is the object of the consideration of the instead of four years. The gentlemen who are now making rule, the House deciding if it wishes immediate consideration, the contest, who were then on the committee, filed no minority the presumption being that all facts will be disclosed. The views against that bill. There are some changes in the exemp­ object of the rule is to remove all parliamentary objections to tions, but the suspension is there. immediate consideration. That is the object of the rule, to I want to call yqur attention further to the fact that for bring the House to an immediate consideration, and if the House the last year and a half there have been pending before the wishes to dispense with the further consideration of a b'll by the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization at least seven committee and go to an immediate consideration of the bill in bills. Hearings have been had upon them, covering -these the House, it certainly has the parliamentary right to do it by various subjects, and during the recess of Congress this com­ a majority vote. That is the object of these special rules. mittee made inquiries from Boston to the Pacific Ocea{l, in Mr. GRIFFIN. The gentleman has not answered my ques­ the various localities,· and of the agricultural interests and tion. What is the predicament of the House when an objec­ others, relative to the suspension of immigration. When they tion to the bill is not disclosed until the argument comes up came back here they were convinced that the bill that had on the rule? Has the House no recourse whatever? been reported for over a year and a half should be enacted into Mr. WINGO. Yes. It can vote the rule down, if it wishes law with the modifications which they have proposed. The the bill to follow the usu-al course of being introduced, consid­ gentleman from Washington [Mr. JoHNSON], chairman of the ered by a committee, and reported out in the manner provided committee, had a confidential print of the bill made, and by the rules of the House. practically every member of the committee was there on Mon­ Mr. MANN of lllinois. The bill itself shows it was repo1·ted day, December 6, and favored reporting out this bill which . without being introduced. suspends immigration for two years. The reasons are fully and amply set forth in this report, and the matter ought to be Mr. GRIFFIN. The report shows that it was referred to the disposed of. The distinguished gentlemen objecting had their Committee on Immigration. That is on page 8 of the RECORD. objections before us. The reasons for the suspension are It was referred to the Committee on Immigration and Naturali­ growing stronger every day, and the House could do no better zation. That is shown by the record of the House. act than to pass this rule and pass the bill, with certain amend­ Mr. l\I.AJ\TN of Illinois. You have to make a point of order ments which I will present to the House, at the earliest pos­ on the record, not on argument. sible moment after proper discussion. Mr. GRIFFIN. I am much obliged to the gentleman for the Mr. BRITTEN. Is the gentleman suggesting to the Bouse suggestion. that there is a surplus of labor in the agricultural sections of Mr. GARRETT. How much time have I remaining? the country right now? The SPEAKER. The gentleman has 13 minutes remaining. Mr. RAKER. If my dear friend would read the report he Mr. GARRETT. I yield two minutes to the gentleman from would find that 90 per cent of those who have come to this Georgia [l\Ir. CRISP]. country in the last year and a half are dependents, and the re­ Mr. CRISP. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the Hou.se, I ports from our consular agents show that they will be undesir­ shall not attempt to make a speech in the two minutes allotted able citizens. to me. I want to say that I am heartily in favor of this rule Mr. BRITTEN. The gentleman has not answered my ques- and very much in favor of the bill prohibiting all immigration, tion. which the rule directs shall be immediately considered. · I think Mr. RAKER. They do not go to the farming country. They that the greatest service which this House can render to the go in for small trade. They come here to live on their neigh­ country is to pass, and pass speedily, legislation restricting bors and their friends. That is the fact. Many of them are. immigration. , diseased and we have. not enough agents and officials at the In the year 1919 I introduced a bill to suspend all immigra- ports of entry to make the necessary examinations. on for 10 years, and last June I made a speech on the floor Mr. BRITTEN. Will the gentleman answer my question? of the House in support of that bill. I can add nothing to Mr. SABATH. Will the gentleman yield? what I said on tliat occasion, for I fully expressed my views The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman :tlas expir~d. then. Mr. RAKER. I should like to yield to both gentlemen, but I The bill that we are now considering suspends immigration can not. for 2 years. I wish it were for 10 years instead, bot if we can Mr. GARRETT. I yield three minutes to the gentleman from not get 10 years I am certainly in favor of the 2 years. Texas [Mr. BLANTON]. . Mr. SABATH. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I am with the gentleman from Mr. CRISP. No; I have only two minutes. I do not think Kansas [Mr. CAMPBELL] in support of this rule. either the Committee on Immigration or the Committee on Unfortunately the records of this Government show that Rules is subject to any censure whatever for the dispatch which many people who have come to our land since the signing of the both those committees have shown in this matter. I think the armistice are people who do not believe in government and who welfare of the country demanded speedy action, and I want to are against law and order. No man should be permitted to stay commend both committees. As far as this rule is concerned, in this country who is against government and who is against and as far as the inquiry of the gentleman from New York law and order. _ " 132 CONGRESSIO.r AL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 9,

T1le subject paramount in the minds of the American people Vegetable oils-Continued Pa~ oil------POunds __ 50,163,381 in expressing their sentiments on election day last month was Palm-kernel oil------do____ 53:, 508 that we mu t not longer pe:rmit men to come into or ~ay in this Olive oil, for manufacturing______gallons__ 216, 145 Soya-bean oil ______poWJds __ 1'b5, 773,594 country who are against government and against law and order~ If they placed upon our friends on the Republican side of the Other oilS------worth__ $1, 542, 271 aisle llily responsibility and any burden whatever it was the Durin(J' the- recent four months of July, Au u t, Septe:tnber, burden and the :responsibility of seeing to it that there shall be and

Ranger1 Tex., now offering some of the _splendid farms of East­ return to our producers, and when we must so arrange our land County rent free to any farmers who will agree to culti­ tariff sehedules on snch products and substitutes as will equal, vate them next year; for our warehouse:; now bulging out with ize our cost of production with that of foreirn countries. T() both the spring and fall clips of domestie wool which can not a certain extent this principle was recognized and followed in now be sold for its cost of production ; for the erippling of our the tariff act of Octobe1· 3, 1913, in placing a duty on certain great peanut industry; for tagnating our important sto-ck­ products largely raised by cheap labor in foreign countries. rai ing and dairy interests; and for swiftly depopulating our .And during the last fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, the fol­ farms and ranches. Our farmers and stockmen of the United lowing dutiable product wer imported fl:·om for ign countries State~, sturdy producers who yearly feed and clothe our 105,- into the United States and duty paid upon arne-, to wit: 000,0QO people, are now with their backs to the wall facing a Rtcc, uneleaned..~ 22,437,197 pounds, duty five-eJghths. cent. most serious crisis. Rlc.e flour, 1,265,198 pounds, duty one-fourth cent. Ric.e. cleaned, 156,!11 7,566 pounds, duty 1 cent. In M~xico, South America, Australia Europe, Asia, and Beet sugar, 1,219,834 pounds. Africa there exists an entirely different state of conditions, a Cane sugar, 7,533,200,338 pounds. different standard of living, a different standard of working Molasses, 154,670,200 gallons. Peanuts shelled, 120,344,425 pounds, duty three-fourths cent. hours, a different standard of wages, a different standard of Peanuts,1 not shelled, 12,067,998 pounds, duty three-eighths cent. necessities, morals, intelligence~ hopes, ambitio~ and aspira­ B-utterine and cocoa butter, 41,1:)00 pound . tion . Mexican peons are content to work ,for a miserable ex­ Olive oil, edible, 6,812,596 gallons, duty 30 cents. Linseed and flaxaeed oil, 4,550,391 gallons, duty 10 cents. istence. Chinese and Japanese laborers are perfectly satisfied Peanut oil, 22,064,363 gallons, duty 6 c-ents. to work from 10 to 14 hours each day for less tban 20 cents' Rape eed oil. 1,229,526 gallons, duty 6 cents. pay, to live on rice, to go almost naked, and to let the future Otb£r dutiable oils, 1,432,695 gallons. Certain wheat, 35,052 bushels, duty 10 cents. take care of itself. Must our intelligent. ambitious. deserving Certain wheat flour, 1,160 barrels. men and women on tile farms and ranches of the United St~tes · be longer placed on the same level by being forced to compete If it is democratic and American to place a duty upon rice, directly with the peons and slaves of the universe? I am one peanuts, and cane products, then why not upon our corn, wheat, loyal Democrat who is not in favor of it. cotton, wool, hides, live stock, and far-eastern vegetable oils I have had Hon. Thomas W. Page, chnlrman .of the United and sub!ltitutes that daily compete with our farm and raneh States Tariff Commi ion, to ·assemble for me the following products? And why beg the question any longer? Why not authentic statistics concerning recent importations.. Dming the place a proper and adequate duty upon all such items to do s0me good? last :fi cal year ended June 30, 1920, the following raw mate­ ·rhe millions of city consumers who inhabit New York, Bos­ rials were imported from foreign countries into the United ton, Philadelphia, Pitt burgh, Baltimore, Wa hington, Cleve­ States absolutely fl•ee of any duty, to wit: land, Detroit, Ohicago, St. Loui , and our other large citie3, Cotton------POunds__ 345,31~126 while demanding and gettin~ their $6, $8, 10,. $15, $20, and $25 Corn ------~------bu bels__ 10, 229, 249 ~hat------do____ 4,744,712 for six to eight hours' work each day, are eon tantly demanding ~hP.atVVool ______floUl'------barrels-- pounds __ 427,578,038157, 96 that everything they eat and wear be furnished to them at the lowest minimum. They never give a serious thought to the Beef and veaL------do____ 42, 436, 333 Mutton· and lamb------do____ 16, 358, 299 subject of a living wage to the producer who feed and clothes them. .And I am afraid that it has been the clamoring of the e ~~~~~=~==~======~=~==~==~======~~~= fl~:gi~ millions of city consumers, who e votes are very much desired, Cowhides------Pounds-- 439,461,092 Calf bides------~--dO---- 68, 359, 25 which bas caused free raw materials to be written into Demo­ Cabre-tta bide ______do___ 101, 848 cratic platforms. Much too long have we Democrats permitted Buffalo bideS------do____ 14, 682, 279 rest-needing politicians to entwine into our platforms and poli­ Other hideS------=------dO---- 275, 964, 213 Oil cake------dO---- 145,026,652 cies some city-vote-catching slogan to the deti·iment of our Veg table oils : _ 'hinese nut oiL ______gallon ---- 10, fl13, 638 producers. With blinking eyes we Democrats have sat by and ~coconut oil ______pounds __ 269,226,966 let our brother Republicans pas tbeir m a ures to place a duty Cottonseed oil------do ____ 24,164,821 upon pearl buttons, chemical gla s, surgical instruments, tung- 1920. CON GRESSION.A.L RECORD-HOUSE. 133 sten, magnesite, rlild the numerous other products their rich increase of these undesirables, and this group, my friends, is millionaire friends are interested in, thus placini unneeded bound to be mixed in with the vast mass of foreigners pressing millions into the pockets of a few wealthy millionaires, and our shores. we have let our worthy producers appeal to us in vain. We. have it from the report of the Surgeon General, who has The proper solution of this question more vitally concerns been in Europe and who has made some reports from there as the consuming millions in cities than anyone else. Suppose to the stirring of all the Old World to get out of Europe. \Ve our producers weTe to get tired and quit. There would be have it from the report of the special agents who ha\e been in starvation in cities. When the manufacturer can not make a Europe to study this problem, and, gentlemen of this House on profit he shuts down and prevents loss. But after the producer both sides-for both sides of the middle aisle are as much in prepares and plants his ground in the spring and arranges for sympathy with effective work here as anyone else-we must not the season's growth of his flocks and herds there is no shutting overlook the persistent, universal unrest in Europe that is down for him without losing his whole year's income. He found in every Government of the Old World, for this immi­ must combat drought, floods, disease, grasshoppers, boll weevil, gration is not limited to any particular section, it is all over rust, depredations, plots of gamblers, and the score of other Europe. They want to get from under the burden of the war­ enemies that seem to combine for his destruction. Just now torn conditions of their countries. 'Ve have it from those there is ample demand for om products abroad, but want of agents in Europe reporting to us; we have it from the New funds. and credit prevents a sale. At an enormous expense York Industrial Association through its report that excludable we have built a large merchant marine, so essential in bringing aliens are being admitted in such large numbers \hat within a the markets of the world to our producers, and we must not few yeaTs the penal institutions and asylums for defecti\es in let it stand for naught or slip out of our hands. We must New York State will be oveJ;".run. Our cosmopolitan philan­ find a safe way to assist worthy purchasers to obtain necessary thropy is being overworked. The idealistic and sentimental credit. We must see to it that our producers are not forced cry that we must make America the home of all the oppressed off of their farms and ranches. of earth invites the unhindered influx of the odds and ends of This problem will soon be before Congress for solution. It the earth now pouring through our gates. , must be solved properly. We must get out of ruts and meet We have a ·most striking statement that came this iast month the present. on this subject. It is official, and it ought to carry with it I repeat, I am with the gentleman from Kansas on this weight that should not in any way ba minimize<'l by any par­ subject. ticular personal or temperamental consideration. I refer to the :Mr. CAl\lPBELL of Kansas. I will say that the gentleman findings of the grand jury of Kings County, of New York. Let from Texas· [1\lr. BLA...~To~] got me correctly. 1Applause.] I me read a statement from that grand jury, as published in the yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio [:Mr. FEss]. New YoTk Times: · [A.pplause.] The presentment of the Kings County grand jury, signed by William Shaddock, foreman, and J. Van V. Smith, secretary, follows: l\1~. FESS. l\Ir. Speaker, in addition to the economic argu­ "The experience of the grand jury for November for the county of ment offered by the chairman of the committee I want to em­ Kings (which we are assured does not greatly differ from that of other phasize the suggestion made by the gentleman from Texas [1\lr. recent grand Juries) is such as to have caused us to give most earnest thought as to the origin of much of the crime with which we haye had BLANTo~] who just left the floor. His last observatioa is a to deal. sound protective tariff argument and it is an additional proof "A study of the record of our proceedings shows that all of the homi­ that even Texas is coming around all right. I think there are cides and most of the graver, most desperate, and heinous crimes were committed by foreigners, who palpably have no understanding of the two outstanding facts in this character of legislation. One is to genesis or genius of American instituti'Jns. They not only ha>e not deal with the undesirable alien, and the other is to deal with ~.:~ t~~b~~:ii~il~~1~. seemingly are unlikely under pre.sent conditions the AmeTicanization of the American. If the Americanization of the American is to be applied to the naturalized citizen who " The· facts as to many of these crimes show the presence in this c.ity of foreign colonies whose exis~ence is a perpetual menace to tile is no longer an alien, well and good, and if it is to be applied lives an!l property _of our law-abidrng and law-loving citizenc;. From to the American who has ne\er been naturalized but native th~ testimc;my of. Witnesf"es, some of whom were participants in these he-mous crim£>s, 1t h::ts been clearly revealed that interracial hatred born, it is also good. Howe\er, this leigslation before us now with their attend::tnt feuds and vendettas, have been transplan~cd to does not deal with that question of Americanization. It does this country. These feuds have been aggravated and perpetuated by the deal with the question of undesirable aliens who are coming in increase and extension of these foreign colonies. increasing numbers, if we are to credit reports from various COLONIES AN ~CREASING M.ENACE. sources. "The formation and growth of these foreign colonies. in our midst have subjected our institutions to a great strain. Unless their growth The man who is already here, or the woman \\·ho is here, that is prevented by .the exclusion of countless thousands of like elements falls under the category of an undesirable alien, whether he be which are constantly arriving at the port of New York these colonies an alien enemy or not, can only be dealt with either by the wlll be a constantly increasing menace and may threaten'the submersion of the American elements in our population. Americanization process or by tb.e process of deportation. The " The. securing of evidence and the taking of testimony as to most fust is mainly educative, while the latter is statutory. I mean of the• grave crimes has become next to impossible in the language to say that if it is a question of Americanization it is hardly of our country. Every additio!lal immigrant of this type but adds to the diffict>lty of protecting the lives and property of the law-abiwn"" a question of legislation, but if it is deportation it is a matter section of the community, of those who are native birth or were of l~gislation. readily assimilable. The cost of administering our courts and of main­ \Ve have attempted in the past Congress to deal wHh tl1e lat­ taining a constantly increasing police force in order to cope with these law-defying elements is an ever-increasing burden to this community ter, that particular phase-to get rid of the undesirable alien. I " In the face of these conditions our people may well pause and want to emphasize what the gentleman from Texas has said, inquire whether it will be possible to keep the wellsprings of our The law of deportation is not being sympathetically enforced. institutions pure if they are to continue to be subjected to the in­ fusions of such elements, element.s which are not merely unassimilable Anybody who was in the room of the Committee on Rules when but largely hostile to the fundamental principles of liberty. Our in­ the hearings on deportation took place, especially when the stitutions were subjected to a great strain during the war by reason Assistant Secretary of Labor appeared, as well as when the of the divided allegiance of certain foreign elements. This prevented· the Nation from functioning unitedly in its efforts to preserye de­ Attorney General appeared on this very question, must have mocracy. been convinced that we were in a \ery unfortunate situation by "Unless steps are quickly tnken to prevent the admission of those having a man charged with the enforcement of this law with millions which wish to come, although hostile to our institutions we are liable to be submerl?:ed by elements who have no devotion to' the< positiyely no sympathy whatever with such legislation, wh{)Se great ideals of human liberty, have no regard for justice, nor respec-t chief concern seems to be to find a way to avoid its require­ for the sacredness of human life. America would then cease to be. a. ments. That is the most charitable thing you can say. I see beacon light to lead the nations to the complete establishment of democracy. no chance whatever of getting rid of the undesirable alien now "The sb:eam of our national life can not rise higher than its within our midst, notwithstanding ample and specific law that source. To permit any further pollution of this stream is to jeopar­ is now upon the statute books, with the present attitude of the dize our national existence. To allow any further admixture of races in our midst is to intensify both our foreign as well as our domestic: Assistant Secretary of Labor. .1 It seems to me since there has problems. It will foster disunion instead of promoting union. In­ been no step taken by the executive department, notwithstand­ stead of continuing as a nation of high ideals we shall degenerate ing the urgency of committees of Congress, to make more effec­ into a mere medley of races, a hodgepodge of nationalities.1 "We therefore earnestly request the Congress of the United States tive the enforcement of law, and there is no hope beyond wait­ to enact such legislatjon as will prohibit the immigration into the ing until some one else is placed in the position of Assistant country of all who can not read and write English ana who do not Secretary of Labor to enforce the law, which will not be short possess an intelligent understanding ·of the fundamental ideas of human liberty. . of three months. · This legislation has nothing whatever to do "We further request that comprehensive measures be taken for the with that problem. This legislation is to prevent further com­ education of every adult of foreign birth at least in the rudiments o! plications of that condition. This Congress, whether it is help­ simpler education such as will enable them to understand our form of government. less on deportation or not, and it appears that it is in a sense " WILLIA:U SHADDOCK, Fo1·enwn, helpless, can prevent further complications by preventing an .. J. VAN V. SMITH. Secretary." 134 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-ROUSE. DEOEl\IBER u,Q

This statement is most significant in the light of Commis­ something should be done to pre-vent the incoming of immi­ sioner Wallis's figures. H e reported 548,069 aliens ar.!.'ived at grants of disreputable or undesirable character, but I submit the port of :1'\ ew York in the last 11 months. Of that number that this proposed measure is nothing le s than an exhibition onl-v- 2,703 were ·ent back as unworthy. He also stated that of panic. It is absurd for th1s House in its alarm to attempt during that time only G37 radicals and other undesirables had to put up the barriers and exclude everybody. It is true that been tleporteu. a great deal of anarchy and socialism and crimes of various Tlw grand jury findings amplify the fact that all through kinds are to be found among certain types of immigrants. They certain centers of our congested population will be found Euro­ are highly emotional; they go from one extreme to another. pean colonies, where no language is spoken outside of the They swing like a pendulum. They love much and they hate language spoken in their own country, a fact which leads this deeply. Their emotionalism was displayed in the last election graml jury to recommend that Congress pass a law prohibiting when they came very nearly turning everybody out who bore the entrance of immigrants who can not speak or read the the Democratic imprint in New York City. They voted for Engi ish language, as a protection to the country and our in­ llinDING three to one, these same immigrants. Jews, Ger­ stitutions. For my own part I should think it would be a mans, Irish, and Italians all voted, or many did in sufficient dra. tic requirement, and I would hesitate to go that far; but, numbers in any event, to give you this sweeping victory. Is my friends, I recognize tlle arguments on the other side of the it not rather an ironical exhibition of gratitude tllat the very questiou. I reco[,'1lize the temperamental and the sentimental first practical piece of legislation you undertake in this House arguments. .They are strong arguments. I recognize the eco­ is to exclude their friends and their relatives from admi sion nomic argument, and in a sense that contention is pretty strong. to out shores? I am very glad that you are showing your true But let me say that the economic argument on the part of the colors, because in my speeches during the campaign I warned employers of unskilled labor which we hear-that we must my naturalized fellow citizens that it would not be wise to have this immigration because American labor will not do the place very much tru t in the Republican Party. I warned necessary unskilled work-! want to say that the very people them what would happen, and now they are going to reap the who have persi tently fought immigration limitations on that reward of their folly and misplaced confidence. g_round have been seriously paying the penalty for their un­ This bill will no doubt be pas ed. It has the apparent sup­ wisdom in the last few years. That -very element pouring into port of your organization in this House, and there is no doubt, our country offer the most fertile soil of un-American propa­ judging from the way it was railroaded into this House by ganda, led by the Fosters and the various anti-Government the Committee on Rules, that it is going to pass. propagandists which have openly ,started the contention for Mr. VAILE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman ~ielu? sov-ietizing American industries. 1\Ir. GRIFFIN. The gentleman will have to pardon me, as That argument, though with some force, n I have Our present statutes are sufficient to guard against dangerous been requested to wire and urge you to use :rour strongest efforts for elements were they effectively enforced, which they are not. some measure of immediate relief of the farming interests of this Our deportation statutes are sufficient to rid our country of section. The situation is really desperate. Unless the farmers can dispose of their remaining crop at a price approximating cost debts alien enemies were they effectively enforced, which they are can not be paid. merchants can not meet their obligations, and, 'vorst not. Antigovernment agitators who have reached our shores of all practically no crop can be made in this section for the coming since the war ended have been arrested for incendiary speeches year. ' Can not the powers of the War Finance Corporation be invoked for immediate relief? Something must be done to preserve the spirit in public places. and morale of a whole people. Our laws are drafted to permit a desirable immigrant but to W. T. SANDERS, exclude the undesirable. I hesitate to vote for total exclusion, Chairtnm~ of Meeting. even for a limited time. I readily admit the value of a kind Mr. Speaker, I have introduced a resolution providing for of immigration, and would willingly invite it were it possible the reestablishment of the War Finance Corporation anu to avoid the danger of importation of un-Americanism. What­ asking that the Federal Reserve Board permit member banks ever be the value of immigration, we can not allow further ad­ to extend liberal credit to farmers on the security of agri­ mis ion of elements antagonistic to American ideals, principles, cultural products, which resolution I hope will receive prompt and institutions. Rather than destroy the social and political and favorable consideration at the hands of the committee integrity of our country and its institutions by the surreptitious to which it will be referred, and that it be promptly passed in seeping through of the poisonous nostrums of Old World anti­ order that some relief may be granteu along this line. The con­ government dogmas, I am ready to vote complete exclusion of ditions referred to in this telegram not only apply to the all immigration for at least such time as is necessary to deal South, where the cotton is not selling for one-half of what it with these elements already within our midst. Unless we can costs to produce it, but no doubt the same conditions prevail make sure that a more rigid enforcement of the present laws is in the cattle-raising and grain-gr-Qwing districts of the Western respected by all officers, both on foreign as well as our own States and other agricultural districts in the country. I trust shores, we have no choice except to put up the bars against all that Congress will take some action at the earliest po sible immigration for a time. date which will result in immediate relief. [Applause.] Mr. MONTAGUE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman permit a The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the resolu­ question? tion. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Ohio bas The question was taken ; and on a division (demanded by Mr. again expired. SABATH) there were-ayes 151, noes 9. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield four minutes to the So the resolution was agreed to. gentleman from New Yo1·k [l\Ir. GRIFFIN]. Mr. JOHNSON of ·washington. l\1r. Speaker, I move that l\1r. GRIFFIN. 1\fr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, I the House resol.-e itself into the Committee of the Whole House concur most heartily in the views of the last speaker that on the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 135

144ill) to pro\ille for the protection of the citizens of the United (3) Bona fi.~e students who may enter the United states solely for the purpo <" of study at educational institutions _particularly designated Stat'€S by the temporary , uspension of immigration, and for b_y ~hem; and upon graduation, completion. or discontinuance .of other purposes. . studies they shall not be e:ntitled to remain in the United States. Ur. ' IEGEL. 1\ir. Speaker, before the \ote is taken on that, . lb) ~n. ~en belonging to one of the classes or persons enumerated m snbd1ns1on (a) shall be permitted to enter the United States only can not n:e have .an -agreement with respect to the diT"ision of upon pre-BE!ntation of a valid passport or other official doclliDent in the time? nature of a passport (heTeinafter referred to as a passport) satisfac­ Mr. RAKEii. llill not the gentleman agree, under the ru1e, torily establishing his identity, nationality, and to which of the classes so ennme~f 14 months next in the case of ucb ;relati.Ye. after ils paswgc, the immigration of alien£ to the United States is SEC.. 5. Nothing in section 2 shall be held to p1event the importa­ prohibited, and during such time it shall not be lawful for any alien tion of skilled labor under the conditions prescribed in the fourth to come from any foreign port or place, or, having so come. to remain proviso to section 3 of the immigration act nor to the importation of. within the United States. . persons employed as domestic servants. ~Ec. 3. (a) Section 2 shall not apply to otherwise admissible aliens SEC. 6. Nothing in this act shall be held to .repeal the provisions of lawfully resident in the United States, nor to otherwise admissible tbe joint resolution approved October 19, 1918, entitled "Joint re. ob~ allens of the following status or occupations, when complying with -tion authorizing the Tead.mission to the United States of certain ali.ens the requirements of thi£ section and with all .other provisions of the who have been conscripted or who have volunteered fo-r service with immigration laws~ the military forces of -the United States or cobelligerent forces,". or ~wy (1) Government officials, their families, attendants, serrants, and amendment thereto. . employees; SEc. 7. During the period ~f -suspension providf>.d £or in section 2 (:.!)_ Travelers or temporary sojo·urners for _pleasure. business. or otherwise admissible aliens who have reside

pPriccl not exceeding six months, from such countries, under such rules govpJ·ning entry, inspection, temporary stay, and departure as may say for them that they have not acted as obstructionists. Thet te prescribed by the Commissioner General of Immigration, with the are sincere in their objections. However, I notice in the· mi­ ap[JJ·oval of the Secretary of L!>bor. nority views a statement to the effect that certain statements SEc. 8. Any alien who at any time after entering the United States is in. the report the bill are offensive. · I hope that they will found to have been at the time of entry not entitled under this act on to e11ter the United States, or to have remained therein for a longer not be looked at in that sense. That charge can only refer to time than permitted under section 3 or section 7, shall be taken into the statements concerning the examination of steerage passen­ cu:stody and deported in the manner provided for in sections 19 and 20 of thr> immigration act. • gers on two ships and to the possible statements made in the SEc. 9. The provisions of sections 18 and 20 of the immigration act, appendix, which carries the reports of the consular agents of A.sses.•dng a penalty for failure or refusal to accept, to detain, or the United States, paraphrased in the offices of the State De­ guarcl safely, to return, and to transport to foreign destination aliens excluded or expelled from the United States, or to pay maintenance partment and set forth in the report which accompanies H. R. and deportation expenses of aliens, or for making any: charge for the 14461 exactly as sent to the chairman of the Immigration Com­ return of excluded or expelled aliens, or for taking 'aDY security for mittee. If they convey statements which are presumed to be the payment of such charge, or for taking any consideration from aliens to be returned in case of landing, or for bringing to tilt! United facts, it is hardly my duty to soften them. The chairman of States any deportetl aliens within a year from date of deportation the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization becomes used . without the conf\ent of the Secretary of Labor, shall apply to and . be to being called names. I would like to say at the outset, enforcrd in connection with the provisions of this act relating to the exclusion c.r expulsion of aliens. although I have been called so, I am not an alien hater at all. SEc. 10. Willfully to give false evidence or swear to any false I come from a district that has 21 per cent of foreign born. I statement in connection with the enforcement of this act shall con­ have no religious or racial feeling in this matter. I have not stitutP. perjury as such offense is defined in section 16 of the immigra­ in tion act; · and the provisions of sections 16 and 17 of the immigration in the debate in the committee and hearings the committee act, pl'escribing methods of procurin&" evidence concerning aliens, and permitted matters of a racial or a religious tone to enter, and defining offenses and prescribing purnshments therefor, shall apply to I sincerely hope that they will not come into this debate. I and be enforced in connection with the provisions of this act. SEc. 11. Any person who substitutes any name for the name written dislike to be personal, but I received only to-day a copy of a in any document herein required, or any photograph for the photograph letter written to a western newspaper by Joseph Jacob, of attached to any such document, or forges or in any manner alters any Aberdeen, Wash., who acts sometimes as rabbi or minister, in such document, or falsely personates any per~>on named in any such document, or issues or utters any forged or fraudulent document, or which he replies to something the editor has said about me. pre ents to an immigrant inspector or other Government official any J\fr. Jacob writes to the editor: for~ed or fraudulent document, and any person other than the one For your information permit m ~ to say that Congressman JOHNSON to whom there has been duly; issued any document prescribed by this act is not, as you say editorially, a fvreign-born citizen. who presents to an immigrant inspector or other Government official any such document, shall be guilty of a felony, and upon conviction 1\find you, Joseph Jacob is defending me, and says I am not thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding $1,000 or be imprisoned a foreign-born citizen. l\fy friends, it would make no di.fference for a term of not more than five years, or both. if I were. He goes on to say : SEc. 12. The Commissioner General of Immigration shall, with the approval of the Secretary of Labor, issue such regulations, not in­ Mr. JOHNSON represents the district in which Aberdeen is situated, consistent with law, as may be deemed necessary and appropriate to and from personal knowledge of 1\fr. JoHNSON'S past record I do not place this act io full force and operation, except that regulations for believe be is showing any more discrimination in his position as chair­ the viseing· of passports under section 3 shall be made by the Secre­ man of the Immigration Committee than Congressman .KAHN, of Cali­ tary of State. Such regulations shall include special rules for the fornia, would show if placed in the same position. application of this act to the cases of aliens coming to the United l\fy friends, I ):l.ave not received a greater compliment in a States from or through contiguous foreign territory, and to the cases of aliens entering across the land boundaries for temporary stay or at long time. . frequent intervals ; also special rules to insure that the provisions of l\fr. Jacob then says in his letter to the editor: this act, of the immigration act, or of any law, convention, or treaty The difference betweei:l you and Mr. JOHNSON is that you look at relating to immi~ration shall not be violated by aliens arriving at thin~s from a purely sentimental standpoint while he must- look at the ports of the United States employed on vessels as seamen, and that immigration question from the standpoint of what is for the best of the at the same time, the enrorcement of such laws shall not interfere greatest number of the American people alone. with the operation of the act approved l\farcb 4, 1915, entitled "An act to promote the welfare of American seamen in the merchant marine And that is the way, 1\Ir. Chairman and gentlemen, we must of the United States, to abolish arrest and imprisonment as a penalty all approach this question. It is beyond the matter of senti­ for desertion, and to secure the abrogation of treaty provisions in rela­ tion thereto, and to promote safety at sea." ment, personal feeling, personal desire, and beyond racial differ­ SEc. 13. This act .shall be enforced in the Philippine Islands by ences. What is best for the United States is the question. officers of the general government thereof, unlesS' and until it is super­ The problem arises from the numbers suddenly coming to the seded by an act passed by the Philippine Legislature and approved lly the President of the United States to regulate in the Philippine United States. The problem is made immediately pressing Islands the subjects covered hereby, as authorized in the act entitled from th~ fact that nearly all of central Europe seems to be on "An act to declare the purpose of the people of the United States as the move. People there hurt themselves and hurt their coun­ to the future political status of the people of the Philippine Islands, and to provide a more autonomous government for those islands," tries in their panic to get away-to escape, to throw off the approved August 29, 19f6. . burden. Rv.c. 14. The provisions of this act are in addition to and not in . Right now they think their chance is here. It is not, in my substitution for the provisions of the immigration laws. opinion. We will help them most by stopping their migration. The CIIAIR~.LL~. The gentleman from Washington is recog- They can not all live if they stay there; they can not all live­ nized to control half of the time, or two hours. , certainly not in comfort-if they come here, and neither can we. 1\Ir. JOHNSON of Washington. Mr. Chairman, I would like Our best reports are that countless thousands are moving this to be notified when I have consumed 20 minutes. way, selling everything, being robbed right and left, and actu­ Mr. SABATH. What was the request? ally fighting to secure the high-priced steerage tickets which Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I desire to be notified when steamship companies offer them. Further reports are that I have consumed 20 minutes. - I desire, if my colleagues will be even if the people of the United States in their great desire to generous, that I may be permitted to speak for that length of . be .humane and generous should let down every bar, permit time without being interrupted. every person to come from those countries who might be able Mr. RAKER. So as not to interrupt the gentleman and that to get on a ship within the next two or three years, that during we may understand as to the division of time, I understand the that time thousands· must die there of starvation unless they gentleman will yield me an hour, to be divided among my col­ go to work there and work hard. You can not bring them all. leagues? You can not save them all. They can not till the fields while Mr. JOHNSON of ·washington. If the gentleman will make on the move. Starvation exists elsewhere in the world. In up his list-I am going to hang to the time as the rule pro­ China deaths from famine are occurring by thousands. This vided-! will look at the gentleman's list as to the distribution very month there are appeals in our papers everywhere for of time. contributions to save people in whole districts of China. 'Ve l\fr. RAKER. All right; that is satisfactory. can not bring them here to save them ; neither can we bring l\1r. JOHNSON of Washington. l\fr. Chairman and gentle­ the people of central Europe. men, many l\1embers have been through these immigration de­ · Here we have tbe United States, with 105,000,000 of people, bates in years past and know they become sharp and acrimo­ according to this census, and according to the ·census of 10 nious. All phases of the matter of immigration and regU.lation years· ago ' 13,000,000 of us were unnaturalized. Ste~mships of immigration are subject to much debate and much honest are bt·inging a new immigration, flooding Ellis Island, jam­ difference. Immigration hearings, particularly of late, cover ming in as it has never been jammed before. Only last night everything from the cost of food up to the question of main­ all available space on Ellis Island was crowded with people, taining our form of government. The committee has held many sleeping on cement floors, while on vessels out in the many hearings. This bill is an abridgment of a bill introduced stream awaiting a chance to get in to that island were several last February, which was H. R. ~320. The report pr~sented thousand immigrants. by the committee now contains the views of two Members of If we do not suspend immigration, we must·build some more . the minority, Nle gentleman from New York [l\fr. ·SIEGEL] and Ellis Island structures or open barracks, or divert immigration the gentleman from Illinois [1\Ir. SABATH]. ' It ~ is but fair to from the port of New York to Philadelphia, to Savannah, and 1920. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 137 other Atlantic ports, and at once. That is one phase of the I wish that all could read the article by Kenneth L. Roberts, problem. . entitled "The goal of ecntral Europeans," in the Saturday Eve­ 1\Ir. Chairman, I shall not take time to discuss any of the ning Post for November 6, 1920. arguments heretofore presented, except to indorse those which To those who say there is a genuine need for more labor­ were made during the debate on tl;le rule. Europe needs every common labor and farm labor-let me say that the present in­ able-bodied man. Europe must raise food. . Europe has debts flux bears little indication of desire, inclination, experience or to pay, governments to maintain. What should be construction fitness to meet that need. · During the year ended June 30, 1920, there will be destruction here. If the desire to flee to America there came to the United States 430,000 aliens of whom but 2.8 continues there, none of those countries will be helped. per cent-12,190-were farmers; and but 3.5 per cent-15,257- Let me tell you how control by passport vis~ has worked since were farm laborers. Bring in two or three million such aliens extreme war precautions were relaxed and since steamships if you will and farmers and other employers will still be crying ·haYe become available. You will remember that during the for help. war we enacted legislation for the establishment of a pass­ The fact is, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the new immigra­ port system for persons going from and coming to the United tion is not of the kind or quality to meet the real needs of States, the passport of those coming here to be from their our country. We are being made a dumping ground. We are country, viseed by our consular officers. Technically we are receivihg the dependents, the human wreckage of the war; not still at war, and that system prevails. Believing we would the strength and virility that once came to hew our forests, come to the end of the war period, Congress passed an act ex­ to break our virgin soil, to delve in our mines, and to toil in our tending that passport provision, as far as it applied to aliens, factories. And worst of all they are coming in such numbers until l\larch 4 next. The war period will end. The passport­ and at a time when we are unable adequately to take care of extension law will expire. That law is all we have now to hold them. out any part of the great alien population who would move in Commissioner Copeland of the New York Health Service on us; all, I say, except the literacy test and certain physical reports on December 4, J 920, as follows : requirements. The question of imp1igration is one of ser!ous momet?-t t9 the .ci~y. Now, many thought that the passport-vise plan would work The great influx of ahens to our port results m the setthng lD the city of a considerable number of these immigrants. Our housing facilities as a great bar ; but not so. It shuts out some revolutionists ; are now seriously overcrowded and no provision is being made to take there it stops. Briefly, I can say to you that the State Depart­ care of our normal increase, without considering these foreign hordes. ment does not find it can deny vises and passports beyond the The same situation obtains everywhere. Every large city in rights of the Department of Labor, th~ latter's rights being the country is overcrowded. A congressional commlss1on at described in the immigration laws. The State Department finds this moment is endeavoring to point a way toward relief, but itself now in the matter of refusing vises restricted to the so far without success. clauses of our immigration laws which deal with the deporta­ If the end of the immigrant flood were in sight the situation tions of anarchists and similar classes. would be far less serious. But all reports agree that we have The State Department carries in its regulations the entire act seen only the beginning. The report which the Committee on which we passed in the last day of the last session, and all Immigration and Naturalization has submitted contains a digest aliens who are anarchists or who advocate or advise the over­ of statements made by our consular officers abroad. I urge throw of government are reached by refusing to vise, if om' Members of the House to read it. You will note that people of consuls can find any information on which to warrant the every land are trying to find ways and means to escape their war­ refusal. Beyond that what happens? The total vises granted matle miseries ; that they are unfit for life in America, for the for three quarters, ending March 31, June 30, and September strain of competition in this country, or for life in· the ghettos 30, at 17 principal consular offices were 274,962. -' of our great cities, whither most_of them will tend. The total refusals of vises at those 17 offices were 2,443. · Dr. Rupert Blue, former Surgeon General of the United States The refusals at Athens, Greece, were 34 out of 14,644 granted; Public Health Service, reports from Paris, December 3.---:..only last at Belfast, Ireland, 4 refused and 4,950 granted; at Dublin, 147 Thursday-after an inspection trip, that emigration from Europe out of 7,522; at Glasgow, 1 refused out of 6,4;60; at Bucha­ for the next few years will be limited only by the availability of rest, Roumania, none out of 6,171; at Warsaw, Poland, none shipping. Dr. Blue further says: out of 24,107; at Palermo, Italy, 210 out of 34,563; at Catania, If emigration is permitted soon from Germany, Hungary, and Austria, Italy, none out of 21,570; Naples, Italy, 577 out of 79,654 the number of potential emigrants can not be calculated. granted; Prague, Czechoslovakia, 85 out of 13,752; Oporto, Every citizen of the United States who has been abroad Portugal, 12 refus~d and 7,993 granted. recentiy returns with the same statement. Ole Hanson, former Let me say that this emigration to the United States in the mayor of Seattle, returned November 21 from a trip made for ktst few months from Spain and Portugal is something new. the purpose of studying the situation. Our committee asked It had been many years before we had any from those coun­ him to come before it. He telegraphed in reply : tries. One of my colleagues was on a ship last week in New Get data as to passports issued from Danzig, Prague, Warsaw, York Harbor which was bringing about 2,200 Spaniards, all Vienna, Naples. Cable our consuls for information. Call heads of men. steamship companies. Your committee does not need me to convince its members of the danger to the United States. If it does, for God'~ And then, in Belgrade, Jugo-Slavia, there were 238 vises re­ sake get a new committee. · fused and 7,025 granted; Rotterdam, Holland, 349 refused out A letter dated November 14, 1920, has just been received from of 5,819; Vigo, Sprun, 33 out of 3,471; Vienna, Italy, 159 out a prominent American journalist who has been visiting all the of 815; Goteborg, Sweden, 28 out of 3,656; Rome, Italy, 566 nations of Europe. It says: out of 32,790. For heaven's sake do what you can to get some legislation which Now, as to the money received. Remember that since July 1 will prevent all the refugees from all Eut'Ope from pouring into we have charged a dollar for the registration and $9 for the Amenca. The conditions are simply fierce in all ports of importance. Consuls are helpless. They frequently get orders to vise the passports vise. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, the total sum of individuals who are clearly undesirable. There are at least halt receiYed was $472,936 for passport vises. a million prospective emigrants from Poland alone. Many of them For the quarter ending September 30, the last . receiv~d, it have passports already vised. I wish you could see the crowds in front of American consulates. There isn't a single honest-to-God was $775,472. The larger fee proved to be no bar. Estimated worker in any of them. They are all bound for the cities and will on the business of one year up to June 30, it was calculated that undoubtedly add to the trials and tribulations of our country. There the sum to be received for the year ending June 30, 1921, would are all sorts of Bolsheviki in the prospective emigrants. P assport sharks are reaping a fortune. Forgers and tricksters are fixing out be $3,101,889, but estimated on the basis of the last quarter it all sorts of folks with papers. Applicants who can't get by in one place would be $8,744,413. 'l'he influx is on. are shipped to another. Our consuls, so far as I know. are doing a I am of the opinion we will do well to look at present at the noble job in holding off the gang, but they must have help a nd legisla­ immigration stampede from the viewpoint of an editorial pub­ tion which will strengthen their bands. lished in the Saturday Evening Po::;t, October 23, 1920, one para­ Mr. Chairman, this bill is designed to suspend immigration graph of which says: for two years, less two months considered necessary to take We are cashing in on our immigration policy--our carelessness as to care of those who have started. It is hoped that during two. whom and how many we let in, and our indiffer ence as to where they years the committee or a select committee or a joint committee go an!l what they do, once they nre in. We have a tremendous job on our hands to Americanize those who are bere-a generation or can find time to revise and rebuild from the ground up the two of bard work ahead of us. Then what of these new hordes? Is immigration laws of the United States, which are somewhat tbtre r eally any good n~ason for us to bring them in to help us ex­ hard to understand from the fnct that they have been amended, ploit our rapidly diminishing resources, to pump out our oil reserves faster, so that we can buy more automobiles to burn more gas? To and amended, and amended, to meet conditions as they have cut do\';n the last forest to make more lumber to bouse more undi­ arisen during past years in the United States. · gestible citizens? To speed up to get out more ore to smelt so that This bill admits travelers for business, pleasure, or curiosity we ran huild more ships to bring over more men to work in the steel mills? Why not develop what is left of our country slowly, sanely, for a space of six months' duration, renewable by application safely, and solidly? . to· the Secretary of State. That provision is in lieu of· the 138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEl\fBER 9) ------.------1I present line of exemptions in th~ present law, which runs all .lHr. JOHNSON oi Washington. Now, 1\fr. Chairman, I want! the way from nurses to civil engineers, but does not exempt · to yield 15 minutes to the gentleman from Colorado [:Mr. other engineers. These exemptions have been made by arbi- VAILE]. trarily voting up and down in the committee in past years. The CHAIRMA....~. The gentleman from Washington has con­ This measure provides vis~s for all thos~ who come in here as sumed 22 minutes and now yields 15 minutes to the gentleman travelers for business, pleasure, or curiosity. It lets in actual from Colorado [Mr. ·vAILE]. students for a designated period of study at de~ignated insti- Mr. V_AILE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, I 1 tutions. This bill also admits the direct blood line of relatives want to call it to the attention of the committee that this bill of citizens of the United States on the certificate of the Becre- is for a tem:t>oTary suspension of immigration. There is a mis- : tary of Labor and waives the literacy test for those rel~tives. apprehension which seems to be shared by; a good many people The reason for that is this: The present law says that a on the outside that this is a start on a permanent policy to keep · father or grandfather, 55 years old or olderJ shall be admitted nearly everybody out. The members of the committee do not so' if illiterate, and children under 16. The literacy test applies understand it They do think, however, that a temporary; 1 to others, but when a relative arrives under such conditions suspension of immigration is necessary now, admittedly, as an , the relative in this country usually finds a ~Y to give bond expedient made necessary by the . present conditions. It is to secure his admission on probation. Our new plan, then, is necessary in order to put our own house in order, and it is that those of our citizens having in the old country fa:tJlers, necessary in order to work out a plan covering the whole sub­ mothers, grandfathers, and grandmothers, or children or half- ject. . l\lost of us have our own ideas as to what those plans orphan grandchildren may by securing a permit in the Depart- should be. It is the most contentious subject in the world. It ment of Labor here send for those relatives with a reasonable \fill in-volve more ·difference of vit!ws, perhaps, more. difference certainty that once they start for America they may come of vie"--points advocated in the hearings before the committee, through. We want to do away with delay at Ellis Island. than any otheT subject in the world. Personally I hope the. Of course, those who come in will come practically on the time may come when we can have adequate inspection on the guarantee of the relative who brings them in as to his ab~ty other side, when we can be assured that when a newcomer to support them, to provide for them in case of sickness, or comes he"t~e he will be started on his course of becoming a use­ insanity, ·or the like. .All will come subject to all of the other ful citizen of the United States and not be subject to harpies provisions of the present law. and pirates of all kinds, both of his own nationality and other This bill undertakes to do a proper thing by letting those nationalities; that he will be started l~ight and be kept in the here who have first papers or who will take out first papers right path. To that end I myself would advocate some system · send for wives or husbands and .dependent children of either of registration, by which we should know, u,ntil the newcomer ' \vife or husband, a proper exemption in any attempt to suspend becomes a citizen of the United States, who he is, and by which' immigration for. any length of time. we may know where he is, and if after a certain time, not This-bill permits the going and coming of citizens of Canada, unreasonably long, he should not become a citizen of the United New Foundland, Cuba, and 1\Iexico, as under the present law, States, and should be unable or unwilling to qualify for citizen­ with the addition of a six months' stoppage, which I think if ship, he should go back. we have not already provided for in the bill can be arranged by But those are plans for the future. They may not be shared a clause _providing for a renewaL The bill undertakes to add by many other Members of the House. The point that is press­ provisions to the immigration laws, but does not break down ing upon us now is to guard what is our own, what belongs to us the laws in any detail. Some little question has been raised and our children. We should be glad if we could give freely to about th~ conditions and provisions of this bill with respect an· the rest of the world; but if we should try to give too much, to a gentleman's _agreement which is attached to our treaty 1 we might lose not only the power to give but the substance of with Japan. My opinion is, my friends, that it does not inter- the thing which we would like to give, and consequently we fere with it at all. It is provided that those who are here simply must hold back for the present. [Applause.] and 21 years old, citizens, either naturalized or born here, This is ouT country. If we talk abont " rights " of foreigners may send for certain relatives. The Japanese here have that to come here, except as conferred by treaty, I shouid answer, _privilege now under the present laws in certain cases, and .in using an old expression, " There ain't no such animal." It must other cases we have estimated that the number who would tre- an attribute of sovereignty fo-r us to be able to say abso­ reach the age of 21 ~ears in the next two years, ·either here or in lutely, and without its being subject to anybody's review except Hawaii, would be very small. that of our own conscience and treaties that we have uttered, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has consumed 20 minutes. who shall come here. and on what terms and conditions he Mr. MILLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for a shall come. If we wanted to be so unreasonable we could say short question? that no redheaded man should· come here, and in that event l\Ir. JOHNSON of Washington. Yes. no one who has red hair would have a legal right to come here ;l\Ir. MILLER. We have now wnat is known as the Chinese in violation of such a rule. The question. must be addressed exclusion act. That remains in force, does it? · to our own consciences and our own interests. So I say it is l\1r. JOHNSON of 'Vashington. ~'his does not change that in a question for us to df:termine, but in determining it we can any respect whatever. The last section safeguards Chinese ex- refer also in our minds to what is fair to the foreigner; and elusion. among other things we want to cut down the number of unem­ Mr. ROWE. Does this bill permit the entry of household ployed which now, not\vithstanding what the gentlemen of the servants? opposition may say, is increasing, and the increase of which Mr. JOHNSON of 'Vashington. I will answer that question is largely composed of aliens. We want to cut down the· amount and also explain the skilled-labor clause. A Member reading of overcrowding, or at least not to increase it, and every mem­ the bill hastily might think that this bill specifically lets in ber of the committee and every Member of this Congress who skilled labor. The clause carries only the present law, to the has visited the congested districts in our large cities knows of effect that if skilled labor can not b~ found in the United the overcrowding there, and knows how injurious it is not only States-as, for example, a diamond cutter-he may be brought to the people of that immediate locality but to the whole re- · here. The 1aw also provides that Americans going abroad may mainder of the community. contract to bring back with them a nurse or a cook, and the Just a few days ago-to be speci.fie, the Friday before Con­ provision in this bill in regard to servants is to continue that gress convened.... ! visited a ship in New York Harbor. It was exemption. the Providence, out of Palermo, 14 days at sea, and 3 days in l\Ir. HUDSPETH. l\1r. Chairman, will the gentleman yield the harbor. There were 1,931 steerage passengers on that ves- for a question? . sel. The conditions were horri~le. The people were crowded, 1\1r. JOHNSON of Washington. Yes. lining up· for their meals, if you could say "lining up,'~ because l\1r. HUDSPETH. I understand there is a provision under they were in a solid mass in a space no larger than that from which you can bring in laborers from Oanada and Newfound- the 1;ail to the front row of seats here. It was almost impos- land and Cuba and Mexico for six months? · sible for anybody to get through. Ur. JOHNSON of 'Vashington. Yes; subject to the literacy We went downstairs to the sleeping q,uarters. The room that test. \Ve do not undertake to change pr-esent law on. tbat. If we got into happened to be the women's sleeping quarters, but the Secretary of Labor had the right in ;years ·past to lift the we were not intruding upon anyone's prh;aey, because there is head tax, he has still the right now. no privacy ·in the steerage of such a vessel. There might pos- l\Ir. HUDSPBTH. Is it the gentleman's construction that he sibly have been room to turn around in front of the double- has that right? tiered bunks if the space had not been full of squirming chil- Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. No; I do not think 1le ha.s, dren almost too weak .and miserable to squall. And the stench and I do not think he ever had that right. l()f the whole place was enough to fairly stifle your .breath. You · Mr. HUDSPETH. He claims .to have the right. felt that you were being crushed under an enormous weight., 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 139 merely from the odor of that place. Thank God the smell of colony. Among the men killed in conflict \lith the troops of onions to a ~li g ht e:s:teut neutralized that from the indescrib­ the State there were many upon 'vhose bediPs were found ably filthy latrines, but the floor was frightfully dirty. And papers showing that they had recently come from the Balkans, yet women were s :tting there and trying to feed their children. ~ho had been soldiers in the wars of eastern Europe, doubtless That vessel had been in that harbor three days, and would be Imported for the purpose of taking part in those industrial dis­ there two days more, and the reason why it was there at that turbances. time was because it was not possible to take those immigrants How much more time have I, 1\fr. Chairman? at the island, and there were four other vessels in the harbor The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has four minutes remain­ in the same condition, and at the island there were 2,020 people ing. who were be;ng temporarily detained, because they were re­ Mr. VAILE. Gentlemen of the committee, in those four min­ jected and had to go back, or because they could not yet comply utes I will not try to make an argument. I want just briefly with our regulations in time to let them be released i'm­ to recall to your minds a picture with which you have already mediately. familiarized yourselves in a thousand different ways. The I asked the commissioner to send me a memorandum of the other day I saw a lady in New York. She is a very dependable detained rejected· cases on board the Providence, and 1 got his sort of a lady. She is broad of shoulder and deep of chest. statement this mornin;. ~he stands there holding in her hand, you might say, a night The total number of steerage passengers was 1,931. light. In her left hand is a tablet. You might well compare Held for special inquiry, 267. her to a nurse. She has the strong back of nurses that I have Temporarily detained, 364. Of course a great m.any of those seen in my own home. She is the nurse for the ideals of lib­ will be admitted later. ' erty, progress, and constitutional government for our people. Sent to hospitals, 47. [Applause.] . Sto,yaways, 9. Several hundred years ago my ancestors bumped up against Total, 687. Plymouth Rock. The family have mostly moved West, but I Here are some interesting figures: ' have two relatives, two old ladies, who still live in Massachu­ Number having no money, 319. setts on a farm which has been in the family for over 200 years. Number ha\ing less than $5, 196. They have a foreman, a very capable man, by the na01e of Number having less than $10, 198. Ginsidio. 1\Iost of the people in the neighborhood have similar Number having less than $20, 425. names. There are lots of people in my town with similar Or a total of 1,138 who bad less than $20, or more than half names, and mostly they are good people and good neighbors. of·tbe total number of steerage passengers on that vessel. Incidentally let me call your attention to the fact that our You go through Indiana and Ohio and you see where enor­ prMent immigration laws do not require any specific amount to mous forests have been cut down by the white man developing be in possession of the incomer. He is supposed to have enough the country, very wastefully, to be sure. We might well take so that he 'vill not become a public charge. In Canada he has lessons from other countries where they do not allow such to have $50 on his person when he gets there, and I have read waste. But our middle country is now full of cities with in the newspapers that by an order in council in Canada that schools and churches and factories, enormous industries which amount has just been increased to $250. developed the natural resources of the country at a time when it Now, one of the beneficial results from a temporary sus­ was still permitted to develop them. pension of immigration will be that it will avoid- the misguiding Go on across through Iowa and Nebraska, where they are and m.istreatment of new arrivals. Commissioner 'Vallis, at farming thousands of acres with tractors. A little farther on Ellis Island, tells me that the other day they had 34 taxicab in my country our American pioneers discovered the golden drivers under surveillance for supposed imposition upon newly heart of the mountains and brOUi:ht water to irrigate vast arrived immigrant5, and they cited one case where, a man being areas, brought it sometimes clear across a watershed by vast advised that the fare to a certain place in town would be engineering works; go across the desert and let me take you out 40 cents, he produced three $10 gold pieces and asked if that to San Francisco Bay, where some members of the committee would be enough. were last summer, and you will see the genius of the men of our Incidentally, I want to pause here to pay to Commissioner race in reclaiming the islands in that great delta of the San Wallis a very small part of the tribute of gratitude which he Joaquin. Some islands contain 6,000 acres. They are being has abundantly earned both from the American people and from reclaimed by gre&t dredges costing half a million dollars apiece those who we hope may later become Americans. If they which scoop up 2 cubic yards of earth in a minute and a frac~ qualify themselves for that privilege, their first hours at Ellis tion, making of it a dike along the sides of the islands. That Island will have given them a little insight into the combined is all done by the men of our race, and while they have been justice and humanity which we want the world to think is a doing it they have everywhere established An1erican institu­ part of our Republic. By contrast to one of his predecessors tions and American homes. Step inside those islands and you who spent most of his time in writing books about " uplifting " will .see tJ;lere a very industrious, remarkable, wonderful people, and in helping those of the immigrants who were unfriendly puttmg little newspaper umbrellas over each tender plant. to our system, 1\Ir. Wallis does the actual uplifting and is You there have a picture of our race devoted to certain ideas primarily interested in the immigrants who are likely to become accustomed to a certain mode of progress, working those idea~ the same kind of 100 per cent American that he is himself. out on a tremendous scale. Other races come in who are inten­ He believes, as I do, that many of them can oecome that kind sive workers. We admire them. We applaud their thrift and of American, even without the generations of American an­ industry, and we could well afford to take some lessons from cestry which he himself has behind him. He knows, as we all them. But that does not mean that we should give them our do, that some of them will ·never become American and will country. cstrive to destroy all that the word means to us. Now, go on up the coast and you will see a great white peak Last December the chairman of this committee and other arising apparently out of the sea. The Indians have a name for members of the committee went clown New York Harbor to that peak; they call it Tacoma, the great nourishing breast. see safely on board the Bu{o1·d 249 people who were deported to Between the noble nurse with her calm brow, her night light Europe under the provision of our law. Among those was a and her tablet, standing at our 'eastern door, and that great very bright boy by the name of Bukhanob. He was 17 years nourishing breast is the cradle of liberty under the law of equal old, .and for two years he bad been a teacher of anarchy among rights guaranteed by representative government. That cradle the foreign-born children in New York. We hope that by this the hope of the world, is the God-blessed United States of temporary suspension of immigration we will avoid .the possi­ America. It is our sacred trust to protect it. [Applause.] bility of the children and young people coming fresh from The CHA.IRl\!AN. The time of the gentleman from Colorado Europe, with their minds open to any impression that they may bas expired. receive here, especially from their own countrymen, falling l\Ir. JOHNSON of wa·shington. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 into the hands of boy or men teachers like Bukhanob. 'Ve want minutes to the gentleman from Louisiana [l\fr. WILSON]. to start to build our fence on the other side to keep out such - l\Ir. WILSON of Louisiana. l\fr. Chairman, the flood of immi­ teachers of destruction. gration into this country from practically every nation of A few years ago we had an industrial war in my own State. Europe presents a problem demanding the thoughtful and earn­ We had a tent colony composed partly of people who were est consideration of every American citizen. With the multi­ moved out of houses owned by the company because they were tude of great issues crowding here for solution, a proper settle­ on strike, but largely filled with the male members of their ment of the immigration question is rated as a matter of the families, and these were in armed rebellion against the au­ first importance for the consideration of this Congress and some thority of the State and were firing upon the · State troops. kind of effective action without further delay is deemed impera­ There were 19 different languages spoken in that little tent tive. OONGRES8l0l. A_]; RECORD-HOUSE_ DECEJ\illER 9,

For more than t\\o years the question of limiting or·suspend­ joyment secure. To put into operation the revolutionary ing immigration has been widely disaussed, bills have been in­ theories outlined, all these• rights and guaranties must be de­ troduced, hearings held before the Committee on Immigration, stroyed, and this ean be only by· the wrecking of the Go-rern­ and variouR measures reported to the House, but rro definite ment and destruction of the Constitution. action has resulted except the exrt:ension of the provisions of the Tills doctrine is· so revolting to the average citizen of this wartime passport regulations. country that when once brought specifically to his attention For the first rea1· and one-half after the close of the World with Hs appalling effects it meets with instant condemnation­ War public sentiment \ery properly demanded the apprehen­ the American workingman has condemned. it and the old~time sion and deportation of certain classes of aliens then in this American socialist has repudiated it. Yet the propaganda con­ country. These may be classified substantially as follows: tinues, and if current reports are true, secret \otes have been r. Enemy aliens who had been actively against ou~ Govern­ taken: by these· organizations here- to determine whether or not ment in the prosecution af the war and who had aided and the•United' States should join Ru ia by: setting up soviet rule a i ted its enemies. in America. 2. Those aliens who were adsocating and teaching the: over­ Measured by. our standn.rds a O\iet or bolshevist government throw of_ the Government of the United States and those w1l0· is founded on lnwle sness and' exists in violation of those prin­ were members of o~ganizations ~aching and advoer known by them before. Boy remain in this country thousands who have advocated and still orators on bolshevism have been n·ained to m.ake soap-box speeches on school grounds, and there attempt to swR.cy the mind of' young hearers teach and advocate the destruction of our form of government. toward revolution instead ot tuward emulation of historic figures in The organizations nnd associations teaching the overthrow by the annals o! this country:. force or \iolence of the established Government of this counb-y Wh-en I say that aliens who come to this counh·y and egre­ are still intact with increasing membership. They are. opposed gate themselves in organizations to forward any such propa­ to the fundamental principles upon. which our institutions rest. ganda as this are a menace to .America, I am sure that I Yoice In my judgment their ranks will be materially augmented if the the sentiment of every true American, whether of ·native or present indiscriminate influx from foreign countries continues. foreign birth or parentage, and also of every immigrant who has This phase of the question still demands continued vigilance come here with the honest purpose of becoming an American aru1 vigorous action. It opens up a fine field for demonstra­ citizen. When a f01·eigner come· to thi country he is not sup­ tion work for those who really belie\e in the doctrine of posed to bring any new ideas about how this Government bonltl America first. It also furnishes sufficient reasons for early be conducted, and it is not his province on landing to point out action by Congress in a comprehensive way- upon the whole­ wfiat in his estimation constitute the erro1·s of its founders or to immigration and naturalization question. These destructive unfurl any new flags. , and re\olutionary organizations, such as the I. W. W., the Something must be done to protect .America and to p1·e ~ er·ve Union of Russian \Yorkers, the Communist Party, the Inter­ its institutions; to retain it as a land . of equal opportunity national Left Wing Socialists, and other like and allied associa­ with its guaranties of personal and property righ~, free speech, tions, 90 per cent of whose membership is alien, have been and free press, and religious liberty. Such action on our part should nre r:ow putting forth, secretly and otherwise, the most insidious not and would not be actuated by feelings of antagonism toward propaganda and teaching the most dangerous docb·ines ever any country in the world or its inhabitants. It could not be known to the people of this country. They are also in a com­ construed as any lack of interest or s:rmpnthy with im­ bined effort to increase their numbers and recruit their ranh~ poverisheh to come. althou!!h lw tile to our institution , we sider, or hns the op_portunity to investigate, the real force and a:re liable to be submerged by clementE who have no devotion to the great ideals ot human liberty, have no rt'gard for- ju tice, nor re. pect meaning of the teachings to which I ha\e referred and by for the sacredness of human life. .America would then cease to be a. which. it is s<>ught to undermine and destroy the structure of beacon light to lead the nations to the aomplete esti:tbllshmcnt of his Go\e.rnment. 'The plan and process by which these teach­ democracy. The stream of our national life <;an not rise highe.~: than its source. ings, doctrines, and propag::mda are finallY to be put into oJ;rer­ To permit any further pollution of this stream is to jeopardize our ation are as follows: national existence. To allow any further admixture of races in our 1. The capture of all. products and means and sources of midst is to intensify both our foreigrr as well aS' our domestic problems. It will fostet disunion ins.tead of promoting union. Instead of con­ production. tinuing as a Nation of high ideals, we shall degenerate into_ a mere Z The blowing. up of all bu.rracks. medley of races, a hodgepodge• of nationalities. 3. The murder of law-enforcing officials. We therefore earnestly request the Congress of the United States to enact such legislation as will 11r<1hibit the immigration into the 4. The burning of all :gublic. records identifying pti.v.ate own­ country ot all ,who can not read and write English, and who do not ership of property. possess· an intelligent understanding of tbe fundamental itleaa of human 5. The destruction of all boundary lines an in foreign countries may· come to the 'C'nited State . This is in cottage in the land. It matters- not whether his possessions be recognition of the i.mmjgrant who has- become ari American great or small, behind his title with all the rights and privileges citizen. emanating therefrom stands the force and power of his Govern­ Immigrants are landfug at EU1s I'sla.nd at the rate of from ment. This is the force that makes his title good and his en- thl'ee to five thousand per. day. To' this: point comes about 87 ·-· .

1920. CONGRESSIONAL l{EOORD-- HOUSE, per cent of our immigrants. According to the lowest estimate~. cans by nativity Qt adoptton, I think he touched the crux -t'f from a millio:u aJ'ld one--half to two million will be admitted in the whole question. I believe he is in error, howeve1t, regard­ the next 12 montbs. The volume is limited only by tra:usporta.. ing crime~ in New York, as the New York Times of to-day•s tion facilities and steamship capacity. date give~ the figures toi' the la~t f?i4 years as fQllow~: . All available space bas been contracted for months ahead, aud Orimes reported-11 months. it is stated upon the best autllority that the steamship com­ panies operating between New York ,and European points could 1920 1919 1918 1917 1!116 1915 contract their full capacity at this time for 10 years ahead. ~------~----~-----·1------1·--~- 1------It is estimated that there are now ready to come as soon as Murder ...... ••..•••..••..... 190 224 223 236 186 222 conditions permit, from Austria and Germany, 10,000,000; from Felonious a$ ault ...•.••.•..• _... 2,587 2,537 2,354 2, 591 3, 466 3, 203. Italy, 5,000,000; from RusSia, 10,000,000; from Poland, 1,000,000 Assault and robbery...... •... 1,007 1,133 849 864 886 8-!9 (recently 311,000 applications for passports were made in .one BI)Iglary ...... •.•.••••.••.... _ 6,830 7,398 7,41~ 9, 450 9, 893 11,611 day by Poles) ; from Spain and other countries, 5,000,000. No TotaL ...... •..•..... --. 10, 614 11, 292 10, 838 IS, 141 14,431 15, SS5 one has expected much immigration from Spain, yet on Novem­ ber 29, 1920, 2,063 Spanish immigrants were on Ellis Island. It This shows quite a dt-crense. Per 100,000, during 1919, the is useless for anyone to endeavor to minimize the danger and homicide rate was as follows: complications arising from this unprecedented influx of im­ migrants. It simply am'Ounts to unrestricted and indiscriminate dumping into this country of people of every character and de­ ~~~~~~h.~:~======~~:8 scription from all the nations of Europe. Demoralized, discon­ tented, and restless Europe simply seeks to move over to ~illli\~~;r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ if:! America. l::lt. Louis, Mo~----~r------~------16. 5 It ls impossible to assimilate and Americanize this. conglom, erate· mass in such huge proportions. Unfortunately, a senti­ ment has grown up in Europe that to receive with open arms Chicago,~~~~~:~7~~~c~fi~:====~==~==~====::::======~====~~~=~=~= lH------!~:~11. 6 - and provide for her teeming and distressed population is the Clevelaml, OhiO------r-~------~--~ :U. 1 Seattle, Wasb---~--~---.,-----~--~~-~------,---~ 10. 7 duty of America. Hence many of them come here demanding Los Angeles, CaHL------9. 5 rather than requesting. A large pe1•centage of this immigration Indianapolis, Ind------~-p------9. 1 has no thought of coming into American citizenship, has no idea or estimate as to the character of our institutions. The cone ~;\\~~';;e~'Cincinnati, i;t=:=:::====:==::::::====:======:==::==:=="'=Ohio ------..,------7.g: 85 trolllng motive and object sought is to escape burdens and Newark, N. J------~------6.4 avoid the deplorable conditions existing in their own countries. :Philadelphia, Pa-----~-~------~-----... 6. ~ Hartford, Conn ------6. 0 Unless the tide is checked and some greater restrictions placed Boston, Mass ------5. 7 upon immigration the flow from overpopulated and economically Minneapolis,providence, R. Minn 1---~=-~------~~------~=----~------______,______------5. 64 impoverished countries will continue until there is no longer New York, N, Y------~------,--r----- ~0 any inducement in the United States as against the home coun· Buffalo, N. Y------5. 0 try. That is to say, until our density of population and economic 5 condition approximates that of the country whose standard is ~~~~;~(er, '1~ ~ ===:=::::=:::=:::======~ ======::::: !: ~ lowest. The security of our institutions, tbe preservation of our ideals, ~~~~~·o~~-======:~wauk~ w~=-r --,~ ~o ------~ ----~-~-----~r~--- ~~ ------r ~:¥2.ij the protection and welfare of our people-all Americans, I have given these statistics because they demonstrate beyond whether native born or naturalized-demand that we should description that crime is no less in cities where most of the avoid assuming a burden that must eventually fot:ce such c<>ndl­ population is native born. If we take Washington we can see tions in this country; The American standard ot living for at a glance that such i the fact. Washington has 435,000 rest. every class, calling, business, or occupation "is to-day the highest dents, yet 53,000 weve arrested last year. in all the world. The Congress should act promptly and effec­ I have repeatedly called the attention of the House to the fact tively for the maintenance and continuation of this standard. that the only way to handle the immigration and naturalization Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I yleld half a minute to the problem is to administer the law and provide sufficient macblnery, gentleman from Texas. ~o do it. l was up along the Canadian bordar 10 days a:io and Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, in my remarks this morning I found 76 points of entry into the United States, and although I referred to the importations of farm products. I ask unani­ under our law two doctors are supposed to examine evei'Y mous consent to extend my remarks by incorporating- some pe1•son, we only had 23 doctors along the whole })order to attend figures that I have lately received from the United _States Tariff to that great work. At Quebec there was coming into the Commission on farm-products importation. United Stutes 700 immigrants from Italy and other places, yet The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas asks unani­ there~ was only 1 doctor there to perform the task of ex:amina.. mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD in the man­ tion. # ~ ner stated. Is there objection? Mr. SABATH. Will the gentleman yield? There was no objection. Mr. SIEGEL. Certainly. Mr. S.A.BATH. l\Ir. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. SA.BATH. Is not that due to the fact that the Houge extend my remarks that I made· earlier in the day. has refused to appropriate a sufficient amount of money tor The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the that purpose? · gentleman from Illinois? Mr. SIEGEL. I know that is responsible for it. I admit There was no objection. that -up to date we have apparently been interested more in 1\Ir. SIEGEL. Mr. Chairman, I make the same request. seeing how much money we could obtain as a head tax than to Mr. RAKER. I make the same request. -remedy abuses. We have collected $11,000,000 during the last The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the nine yeats, but we have failed to appropriate a sufficient amount gentleman from New York and the gentleman· from California? to pay inspectors a living wage and to provide sufficient doc­ There was no objection. tors to carry out tb.e law. 1\Ir. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, I yield one hour to the gen­ I have been over to Ellis Island any number of times. I tleman from New York. Under· the rule, as I understand, I have noticed these conditions. A year ago last November I have control of two hours against the bill. I yield one hour of urged the passage of a resolution by which the Committee on the two to the gentleman from New York, believing that he will Immigration could look things over, I think the Hou e will have the right to yield some of that time to gentlemen on tho bear witness to the fact that I have repeatedly urged proper other side who are opposed to the bill. appropriations, going before our Connnittee on Appropriations, 1\fr. SIEGEL. Mr. Chairman, I wish t11e Chair would .call and I have urged sufficient natural~zation machinery. I repeat my attention to the fact when I have occupied 20 minutes. now that you never will be able to say that you have performed Mr. Chairman, the great trouble is not with the present immi­ your :full duty until you pr·ovida sufficient naturalization JllQ.­ gration law. The more we tinker with it, instead of endeavor. chinery in the shupe of clerks and judges deeply interested in ing to· have the law administered properly as it is, the more that important work. Eight hundred thou~and dollar~ above all certain w~ are to fail to remedy any abuses which exist. of the appropriations into the Treasury of the United States is I take it that every man· in this House does not want a the profit we have received from naturalizing alien.s. single person to enter the United States who, after coming l\'Ir. R.A.KI~R. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? here to remain permanently, is not going to become an Ameri· Mr. SIEGEL. I do. can citizen. When the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. FEss] re.. 1\fr. RAKER. Sl)f'nking of naturalization, if this bill goe~ ferred w the necessity of Americanizing those who are Amerl~ tht·ougb. as it will, that will give time for the committee· to go 142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 9, into all these questions of naturalization, so that the evils now son, or -any of these others alluded to, except brothers and sis­ existing might be remedied. ters. You know that the Secretary of Labor wfll not pass upon Mr. SIEGEL. I have heard that for five years and a half the application, but that some clerk up at the Department of since I have been on the committee. We have put it off during Labor will be passing on that proposition, which will have to the entire time, not because we have been neglectful but prac- affect the very future of numerous families. tically powerless. The reason why is that we do not have the Mr. RAKER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? power to make appropriations. If our committee had the power Mr. SIEGEL. Yes. to make appr0priations, we would have acted loug ago and Mr. RAKER. I notice in the gentleman's minority views provided a contented and sufficient administration force, not that he claims that the Secretary of Labor had discretion as to only for·the immigration but of the naturalization laws as well. who should be admitted and who·should not. 1\fr. Chairman, I am not going to enter into a long discussion Mr. SIEGEL. Yes. of the question of immigration in general. E~n under this M:r:. RAKER. The gentleman means by that only those that drastic bill you recognize that you can not have complete sus-, come under the ' excepted class? pension of immigration, and yet what are you trying to do? Mr. SIEGEL. That is correct. You are saying to the Secretary of Labor, "You must determine Mr. RAKER. Even though it be a wife or a mai·ried daugh- in each particular instance who is to come into the United ter or a widowed daughter, a parent or a grandparent if they States." A man may have become a citizen of the United be Bolsheviki through and through and would not m~ke good States. Some judges admit. men to citizenship while their citizens, does not the gentleman think some official ought to wives are yet on the other side, and yet through error or other- have discretion to say whether or not they should come in? wise no provision has been made in this bill by which a man 1\Ir. SIEGEL. Does that constitute a question? could send for his wife. No provision is in the bill, although a Mr. RAKER. Yes. man be a citizen, under which he can send for a younger brother 1\lr. SIEGEL. The answer to that is as follows: You have or sister wh.Q happens to be on the other side. The war came already on the statute books a law to keep them out. At the along and l)'any men who were here, and aliens, fought for present time you are relying upon your consuls on the other Uncle Sam. They donned the uniform and they were allowed .side to obtain that information. ·If they can not get the in­ to become citizens under our laws. Under this bill such men formation how is the Secretary of Labor in \Vashington O'oing can not send for younger brothers or sisters, no matter what to get the information with his office in Washington? h the urgent reason for it or what the age of the brother or sister That is a question you can not answer and no other man cau might be. I might at this time call the attention of the House possibly answer. It is going to be a clerk up there who is goinO' to the fact that 213,000 men, aliens, who could have claimed to administer it. I will say this to you also. In your excepted exemption, entered the Army. We made them citizens, yet you class, I believe through an error, you fail to provide that a say they . can not send for a brother or a sister under any con- clergyman duly ordained or a minister duly ordained or a ditions. rabbi duly ordained should be permitted to come in to reside Mr. LARSEN. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? here permanently. I believe it is simply an omission, and I 1\lr. SIEGEL. Yes. am quite sure the committee will be satisfied to add that as Mr. LARSEN. Is the gentleman contemplating offering any one of their provisions. I think there is no question about that. amendment along that line? A few moments ago there were three ministers talking to me 1\lr. SIEGEL. Yes; I expect to offer amendments along that over the telephone asking me about it. line. A declarant is still further circumscribed under this bill, Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. They wanted to come in as no matter how loyal he might have been. There are courts students. They are privileged to stay in six months. that still take the view that as long as you are simply a declar- 1\fr. SIEGEL. I am re!erring to those duly ordained priests ant you will not be admitted to citizenship while your wife and for instance, coming here, or rabbis coming here, or minister~ children are on the other side. The man might want to send coming here, permanently to remain here. Under the provi­ for his wife and children and at the same time bring her sions of this bill, they could not. It is evidently an omis ion. widowed mother along, who is perhaps 60 or 65 years old. He I do not· think it was done purposely. I am simply pointing can not do it under this bill. The mother-in-law might have out some of the provisions which have been left out of the taken care of the children and death may have removed the bill which would never have been overlooked in the event mother, but no exception is made. there had not been so much haste. Now, I was on board I was at Ellis Island a few weeks ago with one of my col- ~the Ne'/0 Amsterdam, and with all due respect to the majority leagues, Mr. Gom.D, and we saw un old woman 78 years of age, report, I think my friends on the committee will have to agree a grandmother, bringing over three tots, 3, 6, and 9 years of age, that the children they met there and spoke to were very in­ whose mother and father had been killed in Poland, and who telligent boys and girls. I will only cite one example. We had no relatives here of direct blood. This old lady's sister, asked an 11-year old tot what was going on in Vienna, and who is pretty well to do, living in Cincinnati, was sending for his answer was that they were dying of starvation. That them. If this bill had been on the statute books that coul

Tew York that the country n.dmired :for bra'Very and heroism, gentleman "from New York is. correct in his statement as to nnd no ~-eport of this committee or nn'Y other committee can what he is doing for A.meriea.ni.zation in the public schools in take tha:t a way fr'Om them ; it is written indelfbly in the pag~ his district. · of history. Mr. SIEGEL. Let me say that I appreciate the gentleman's r. RAKER. Will the gentleman yield? fine words of commendation for the public schools of New York. 1\lr. SIEGEL. .Certainly. The teachers deserve that praise,. I can assure you. , Ir. JU..KER. What the gentleman says in l'~"U..'d to the I am more than convinced that the future. of this country visit to T ew York 11.nd the. seeing of the young men and young depends on having the nati-ve as well as the foreign born chil­ women is correct ; that they were the best class· of -young men dren in our public schools realize that ~rith citizenship comes and young women who ·will make good citizens and of which the obligation to give the Nation something in return, not only we are proud. nut we have got a case of ~ngestion and in the hour of need but at all times. We should be able to say dyspepsia that we ·want to work off of this country. This coun­ that each one could respond, Open my heart and you shall see try is overloaded at the present time, and it can not even pro­ graven upon it "America." For that reason, I say, it is not a ·\lde homes and places for those who are- ·question of Slli>!)ended -immigration at all. It is a question of l\Ir. SABATH. That is a .rather l~.mg question. naturalization and Americanization. This bill will not ac­ Mr. SIEGEL. It is a "!'ather long question, but I am going to complish it. It is crude and ineffective. answer it. If you had enforced the la~rs of the United States The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has consumed t~ro addi­ under your own Attorney General against combinations in tional minutes. buildlng trades the increase of the price of material to three Mr. SIEGEJL. I will take one more minute. hundred and odd per cent we would not b.ave been short of Now, suspending immigration, so called, for two years is not buildings in any city of the United Stfftes. [Applause on the going to cure the abuses which I have described. You are Republican side.] That is my answer to the gentleman. going to be able to come back again and say people do not Mr. SABATH. Have not you a district attorney of the State become naturalized. Until you turn away from merely de- • of :Xew York? . structive criticism to constructive aetion by providing sufficient l\Ir. SIEGEL. We have a United ·states dish·ict attorney, judges for naturalization, the responsibilicy will be with Con­ n.nd a "Very nne and able lawyer, but he said he could not pro­ gress. Congress should not give up at any time the power ceed until he got orders from your own Attorney General. which belongs to it, but determine itself who should come into That combination is not a State combination. It is a combina­ America and never delegate those .powers. [Applause.] tion that i·eaches all the way to Chicago and Seattle. IA.p­ Let us remember at all times and places the words of Wendell plau e.] At last, when the United States Attorney General did Phillips, that- not act, ~re acted. We are indicting them right and left, and There is no room for race or religious hatred in this blessed Republic. those we are indicting are Americans, and not of one genera­ With that in mind, let us legislate for the best' interests of tion either, but of several generations back. At this very. our country, ne-ver shutting our eyes, ears, and minds to the moment we· are starting other prosecutions, and we are going cry of .suffering humanity, but trying to act justly and fairly to hip them to State prison if the Fedelral Government does at all times. · not send them to Atlanta. We have taken up tbe burden and Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. Mr. Chairman, I yield to we will carry it through. I know all about it, because I helped the gentleman from Arizona IMr. HAYDEN]. bring about the present e:x;posnre .in New York. Now, I want l\Ir. HAYDEN. Mr. Chairman, I am in hearty accord with to ay this n.lso : There has been some talk here in regard to the general purpose of this bill. There are now entirely too the increasing numbers coming here. 1 will admit it. There many aliens in the United States who have not or will not be­ are those who have lived here and gone o\er to the other side come Americanized and are therefore a menace to our institu· for the purpose of bringing over thes-e women and children who tions. It is time to call at least a temporary halt to immigra­ could not come here While the war was on. They went to bring tion so that better means may be folind to instruct those who their nearest and dearest. We have always believed in united n.re already here in the essentials of good citizenship. Those families. That is tbe best type of citizenship. Now, why blow who will not accept the instruction should be deported. The hot and blow cold nnd say at one time we would rather have people already occupying any country ha-ve the undis.vuted the immigrant come with .his family and children and then right to say whether people from other lands shall share its when he is here and is prevented from sending for them while opportunities with them. It follows the1•efore that no for­ the war is on turn around and cut him off from doing it. I do eigner has any rights in or to .America except those that we not know of a single newspaper editorial tlrat you can fuld choose to give him. If there is serious unemployment of labor which supports this bill. Not a single New York ,Paper edi­ in many trades and occupations, can there be any good reason torially is in favor of this bill, because instead of Oongress say­ why laborers from foreign lands should not be J>revented from ing who is desirable to come into the United States, it is putting coming here to further glut the labor market? Does this gen­ it up to the Secretary of Labor. He in turn ·will put it up to ertttion of Americans hold in trust the natural resources of our some clerk to determine it. common country for the benefit of their own children or chiefly Some of these consuls abroad have been dined and wined by in 'behalf of the descendants of aliens? Such questions may the l)eople of the country to which they have been accredited, suggest raeial and national selfishne s, but it is only by giving and fue-y lo-ve to be persona grata with those with whom they thought to the future that we can assure a fair field of en­ ha\e to come into contact-because I have seen them on the deavor and ari unspoiled country to the Americans who will other side-and it is only natural for them to ta~ sides against follow after u.s. the poor and downtrodden individual who desires to go to The fact that this measure merely proposes to dam the flood America to make good. I speak from experience and from per­ of immigration for two years shows that further legislation sonal contact, because when I was abroad two years ago, when must be enacted. · Let us hope that this breathing spell will be the war was on, I came in contact With some of the men and ample in which to devise a plan which will not only rigidly I know the1r viewpoint and their standp-oint.. Here only last limit the \olume of immigration but also enable us to select the Sunday the New York World carried a column dispatch from kind of immigrants who can be most readily assimilated. The Paris showing how our consuls would not protect American citi­ disloyalty of many aliens during the war and the startling zens who had proceeded to Roumania with American passports. disclosm·e of ignorance of both our language and our in 'titu­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman has consumed 20 minutes. tions among the foreign born called in the selective draft have 1.\lr. SIEGEL. I will consume two minutes more. aroused the .American people to the necessity for a closer I have been con:firmed in my belief from boyhood up that the scrutiny of· those who would come from abroad to live perma­ only manner you can Americanize America is to start with the nently among us. The pending bill meets an insistent and well­ acorns, the children in the public schools, and I am very happy founded demand for immediate action, and its prompt passage to be able to sa-y that in my part of the city of New York, taking is therefore fully justified. in 2i different nationalities, that they certainly do know they In only one particular do I disagree with the conclusions have a Member in the House of Rep1·esentatives who believes reacbed by the Committee on Immigration. In my opinion they in helping all of them to grow up into good oaks, namely, citizens. have not clearly drawn the distinction between the temporary Mr. WILSON of Louisiana. If the gentleman will yield, I admission of seasonal agricultural laborers and those who want to say as a member of the Committee on Immigration I desire to permanently remain in the United States and engage can indorse what the gentleman says relative to the Americaniza­ in every kind and character of occupation. Certainly it ought tion of schools in his section of the city. I found the Congress­ not to be difficult to see that one who remains in this country man held in the highest esteem by all. And while we were in for a few months each year to assi t in har\esting the crops one public school they put on a play which contained all the should be given a different status than another who wants to histol'Y of the eountry· up to the last Great War, and ·it made a stay here indefinitely and enjoy all the rights and privileges very fine impression upon the members of the committee. The of an .American citizen. In section 7 of the bill the committee 144 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEl\IBER 9'

recognized that an exception should be made in behalf of aliens The method which I am discussing is not an experiment, but from Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba, and Mexico, but the· recog­ is now in actual ope.ration and bas been since 1917. The nition granted is so limited in its scope that but few residents Burnett Immigration Act went into effect on February 5 of of those countries can take advantage ·of the privilege. The that year, and under its terms neither illiterate nor contract section reads as follows : laborers could be imported, and each alien must pay a head tax. SEC. 7. During the period of suspension provided for in section 2 On l\fay 23, 1917, the Secretary of Labor waived these three otherwi e admissj.ble aliens who have resided · continuously in the requirements as affecting Mexican agricultural laborers, under Dominion of Canada, Newfoundland, the Republic of · Cuba, or the autho..rity granted him by the ninth provision to section 3 of Republic of Mexico for at least one year, and who are not persons of tbe classes hereinbefore exempted, may be temporarily admitted, the immigration act, which reads as follows: for a period not exceeding six months, from such countries, undeL' such _Provided further, That the Commissioner General of Immigration, rules governing entry, inspection, temporary stay, and departure as With the approval of the Secretary of Labor, shall issue rules and pre­ may be prescribed by the Commissioner General of Immigration, with scr.ibe conditions, including exaction of such bonds as may be neces­ thP; approval of the Secretary of Labor. sary, to control and regulate the admission and return o! otherwise It will be noted· that only " otherwise admissible" aliens may inadmissible aliens applying for temporary admission. enter. That means that each must pay the head tax and pass That he had a perfect legal right to issue such an order wili the illiteracy test and that the.contract-labor clause of the immi­ not be denied by anyone who reads the extract from the law gration law will be enfoTced. The head tax is paid but once which I have ju t quoted. It ·therefore follows that the enact­ by a foreigner who comes here to stay. The Canadian or ment of the pending bill as reported to the House will deprive Mexican or Cuban must pay it each time he arl'ives, which is the Secretary of Labor of the authority to temporarily admit ob\iously an unfair burden to impose on a poor man seeking " otherwise inadmissible " aliens, because section 7 provides temporary employment. The illiteracy test is e:;;sential to that none but "otherwise admissible" aliens may 1:)~ tempora- determine the qualifications of a future citizen, but has nothing rily admitted. ' · to do with the -ability of a French-Canadia~ to dig potatoes Sec1:etary ·wilson issued the order of 1\Iay 23, 1917, only • during the summer in Maine or of a Mexican to pick cotton after It had been demonstrated to him that there were crops in the fall in Arizona. One will have a share in determining of cotton and sugar beets which could not be gathered without the course of our Government while the other neither seeks or the aid ·of Mexican laborers and that there was no other source can possibly have any influence upon our political life during from which this assistance could be obtained. Similar repre­ his temporary sojourn. The prohibition of labor contracts sentations · were made to him in 1918, 1919, and 1920, and in makes it impossible for fariners' organizations to advance the each instance he was convinced that the general welfare of funds necessary to recruit and transport such seasonal laborers the United States would be best served by granting the request. from their homes and to insure their return when the harvest The production of Egyptian cotton in Arizona, a new industry is over. . in the United States, would have been impossible but for the The citizens and subjects of the countries imme

Dlllkc such .appointment fur a period not exc:eedi!lg 1.0 ch.ys, with ~e PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND 1't1El\10RIALS. approval ot the House at the time the same 1S made; a.nd m his absence and omis ion to make such appointment the Hou e shall Under clause 3 of .Rule XXII, bills, r-esolutions, and memorials proceed to elect a Speaker pro 'tempore to act during his absence." were intr-oduced and seYerally .referred as follows : The SPEAKER. If ther.e be no objection, the. motion \\il1 be By 1\I.r. MARTIN: A bill (H. n. 14848) to amend an act -en­ agreed to. titled "An act to reduce tariff duties and to provide re-venue for There was no objection. the Government, and for other purposes," approv.ed Octeber 3, AD.TOURNMENT. 1913; to the Committee on Wass and Means. Also, a bill (H. n.. 148-±9) to amend and reenact paragraph Mr.. JO~SON of Washington. I move that the House do 193 of. schedule G of the act entitled " An act to reduce tariff now adjourn. duties and to provide re-renue for the Go-rerrunent, -and .for other 'I'he motion was agreed to~ ac-cordingly (at 4 o'clock and 56 purpo · "· to the Committee on Ways :md 1\Iean . minnres p. m.) the House adjourned until Frida.y, Decembel.' By l\1r. LAZARO: A. bill (H. R. 1.4800) to decla.J.'e Bay.()U 10, 1920., ai: 12 o'clock noon. Cocodtie nonn.a-r.igable from its source to its junction with Bayou Chlcot; to the Committee. on Int-erstate and .Foreign () mmerce. EXECUTIVE CO~Il\IUNICA~IONS, ETC. Also, a bill (H~ R. 14s-;}l) fo.r the relief .of occupants of lands Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications were included in the Bellen1e g;rant, in St. Landry Parish, La. ; to taken from the Spea.lrer's table and referred as_follows : the Commi..ttee on the Public Lunds. 174. A letter from the S~cretazy of War, transmitting report. By Mr. 'EVANS of 'Montana: A bill (:S:: R. 14832) to repeal co>ering the number and cost of publicntions issued and dis­ certain war-time le.gislation~ to the Committee on the JudiciaJ.·y~ tributed by the Pan8..Dlll. Canal during the fiscal year ended June Also, a bi11 (H. R. 14853) to su pend the requirements of 30, 1920; to the Committee on Printing. annual a sessment work on mining claims during the year 1'920 ; 175. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting reports to the Committee on Mines and Mining. of inspections of disbursements and transfers by officers of the By Mr. SELL : A b1ll (H. R. 14854) making an appropria­ Army. received in the ~ffice of the Inspectol." Ge_neral durin~ the tion to be expended :under the provisions of the net of :J.\l.arch 1., past tiscnl year; t{) the Committee on Expenditur.es in the War 19ll ('36 Stat.~ 961.), entitled "An act to enable any State to co­ Department. '()J)erate with any other tate or States, or will1 the United 176. A letter fr{}m the Secretary of the Nacy, transmitting .Stntes, for the protection of th watershed of navigable strellllls, item of suggested legislation amending the act for the estab­ .ani!. to a.r>I>oint a coiDIDission for the acg_uisition of lands for lishment -of marine schools and for other purposes, approved the purpose of eon erving the nav4,o-a:bllity 0"'f na")""igable river , ' March 4, 1911; to the C.ommittee on NaYal Affairs. ris amended ; to the Cormnittee on Agriculture. 177. A letter from the Secretary of the Nacy, transmitting By l\Ir. KELLY of Pennsp:vanin. A bill (H. n.. 14855) to in­ statement showing the pay and allowances for each grade of crease the u:tiiity of the posrnl savings system, to inc1·ease av­ officers in the Navy, including a.·etired {}ffi.cers, and for all en­ ings among the people, and to increase hume owneT hip ; to the listed men of the Navy during the fiscal y-ear ended June 30, Committee on the Post Office und Post Roads. 1920; to the Committee on Expenditures m the Na\"y Depart­ By l\1r. TINCHER: A bill (H. R. 148o6) to pro-vide revenue ment. for the Government and to encourage the' industries df the 178. A. letter from the Secretary Qf Agriculture, transmitting United State ; to the. Committee en 'Ways and Means. det:iiled s~tement of the manner in which the appropriation BJT Mr. KAHN: A bill (H. R. 148-57) granting to the ci't;y "Miscellaneous expenses, Department of ~artculture, 1920," and county of Honnlnlu, Territol."y of Hawaii, a right of wa.y has been expended; to the Committee on Expenditures in the over and ncross t'he Fort De Rn:sey 1.\rllita-ry Reservation for Department of Agriculture. the J.mrpose of extending its sewer sys~m; to the Committee on 1c9. A letter from the Assistant Secretary of Labor, transmit­ :M:ititnry A.ffuil."S. ting statement of number of documents recelved and number of By Mr. WATKINS: A bill (H. R. 14858) to make the Sta.It­ documents distributed hy the Department ()f Labor during the .Spnngled Banner the national ant'l:rem~ to the Committee on fi cal year 1920 ; to the Committee on Printing. the Library. 180. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, txa.nsmitting ..Also, a bill (H. R. 14839) to protide for the erection of an report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service for addition to· the po.st-dffice building .ai: Shr.ev®Qrt, La., and fox. the fiscal year 1920; to the Committee on Interstate and For- alterations t6 the p1·e ent builffing; to the Committee on Public eign Commerce. ' Btu'1dings and Grounds. 181. A letter from tlie secretary of the Interstate- Co!Jlmerce Also, a bill (H. R. 148GO) to provide for a site and :pubUc Commission, t:ransmitting thirty-fourth annual report of the building a:t Homer, La. ; to the Commi:ttee em Pub'fic :Buililings Inter tate Commerce Commi sion; to the Committee on Inter­ and Grounds. state and Foreign Commerce. Also·, a bill (H. R. :1.4:861) to pr0-vide 'for a site nnd public 182. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, tr.ansmitting buildlng at 1\lans:fi::eld, La. ; to the Committee on Public Buiid­ estimates of appropriation fo.r the Boston, 1\Iass., immigrAnt iogs and Grounds. station; Chicago, Ill., marine hospital; 1\Iobile,.Ala., marine hos­ · Also, a bill (H. R. 14862) malting a-ppropriatfon 'for the im­ pital; New York, N.Y., assay office; Si~a, Alaska, customhouse; provement of navigation in Sabine River, in Loui iana 'Ulld Toledo, Ohio, post office; Wyandotte, 1\.llcb., post office; Cape Charles, Va., quarantine station; hospital construction. Public Texas; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Health Service; general expenses of public buildings; operating Also, a bill (H. R. 14863) making appropriation for the impro e.ment of mrvigatif the Interior, tain lands to 1\finidok:a Naiionn.l Forest~ ito the Committee on report of the aggregate number of publications issued by the the Public Lands. department during the fiscal year· 1920 ; to the Committee on Printing. By Mr. HULL o"'f Tennessee: "Joint . Tesolu'tlon (H. J.· Res. 184. A letter. from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting 398} authorizing the Secretary {)f War te· loan to the trai-ning school for disabled ex-sernce men oat Tennessee Polytechnic draft of requested legislation to amend the laws relating to .al~ lowances for subsistence for officers and employees of the United Institute, Cookeville, Tenn., necessa'II"y "t-ents and cots for use States while traveling on duty outside of the DiStrict of Colum­ of ex-service men; to the Committee on 1\Iillta~y Affairs. bia; to the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. By Mr. DALE: Joint J.1€Solution (EL. J'. Res. 399) proposino­ an amendment to the Constitution o.f the United States prov-id­ ing that each Smte shall have at least i:\vo Repl."e ntatives; REPORTS OF COIDITTTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS ·AND to the Committee on the Judiciary. RESOLUTIONS. By 1\Ir. ALMON: Jo·int resolution {R. .J. Res. 400) dir cting the War Finance Corporation and the Fedel."a1 R erve EoaTd Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, to take certain a-cti0n f r the relief of the pr ~t depres ion Mr. NOLA....~, from the Oommittee on Patents~ to which was in the agricultural sections of the country; to the Committee referred the bill (H. R. 11984, ~ith Senate amendments) to on Banking and Currency... increase the force and salaries in the Patent Office, and· for By Mr. STEAGALL: Concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 65) other purposes, reported the same without _amendment, accom~ dll"ecting the Secl'etary of the Treasury and the Wa1.· Finan~e panied by a report (No. 1115), which said bill and report were Corporation ro assist in :financing and eon.ducting the ex:pot•tation referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of of goods, commodities, and products of American farms, mines, the Union. and manufactures; to the Committee on 'Vays and Means. · 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 147j

PRIVATE BILLS .AND RESOLUTIONS. 4343. Also, letter of 1\Irs. I. W. Reynolds, of M!lnchester, N. H., advocating passage of the Sheppard-Towner bill ; to the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. were introuuced and severmly referred as follows: 4344 . .Also, resolution of the Union (N. H.) Woman's Club, By 1\Ir. BEE : A. bill (H. R. 14865) for the relief of Ida Fey ; in favor of the Smith-Towner bill; to the Committee on Educa­ to the Committee on Claims. - tion. Also, a bill (H. R. 14866) for the relief of Rubie l\1. Moseley; 4345. By 1\lr. CURRY of California: Petition of Pioneer Fruit_ to the Committee on Claims. Co. of California, favoring adequate appropriations for pur­ Also, a bill (H. R. 14867) fo1· the relief of John F. Homen; chase and development of Department of .Agriculture experi­ to the Oommi ttee on Claims. mental vineyards at Oakville and Fresno, Calif.; to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 14868) granting a pension to ~Iorence mittee on .Agriculture. Eagar Roberts and Robert Eagar Roberts; to the Committee on 4346. By Mr. DYER: Petitions of Ron. Henry F. Furth and Pensions. . Switzers Yellow Jacket Co., both of St. Louis, Mo., urging a By 1\lr. C.ANTRILL: A. bill (H. R. 14869) gran!ing a ~enswn re,ision of the income-tax laws of the United States and urging ta Charles W. Vogler; to the Committee on Invalld Penswns. relief for the manufacturers and merchants of the country; to. Also, a bill (H. R. 14870) granting a pension to Mary Ellen the Committee on Ways and Means. Woodward; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . 4347 . .Also, petition of Bottlers' Local Union No. 187, of the Also, a bill (H. R. 14871) granting an increase of pensiOn to United Brewery 'Vorkmen of .America, St. Louis, Mo., favoring Sallie l\1. Cohen ; to the Committee on Pensions. . . immediate amnesty for political prisoners and a repeal of the By l\Ir. CRAMTON: A. bill (H. R. 14872) ~rantm~ a penswn espionage law; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to Esther L. Carl ; to the Committee on Invalid PensiOns.. 4348 . .Also, petitions of Campbell Iron Co., Scburk Iron By 1\lr. DOWELL: A bill (H. R. 14873) for the relief of Works, GailT Stroh Millinery Cv., all of St. Louis, 1\Io., fayor­ Vivian Hood; to the Committee on Claims. ing 1-cent drop-letter postage; to the Committee on the Post By Mr. DYER: A. bill (H. R. 14874) ~ranting an i~cr?ase of Office and Post Roads. :pension to Annie Flowers: to the Committee on Penswns. 4349. Bv Mr. ESCH : Petition of sundry citizens from La By 1\fr. FIELDS: .A bill (H. R. 14875) granting a pension to CrosRe, w=is., opposing the passage of House bill 10925 anJ _Sen­ nushie Peterman· to the Committee on Pensions. ate bill 3259, maternity and child-welfare bill ; to the Committee By Mr. FOSTER: .A bill (H. R. 14876) granting a pension to on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mary Price · to the Committee on Pensions. 4350. By Mr. FULLEH of Illinois: Petition of Frnnk J. By 1\Ir. IGOE: A bill (H. R. 14S77) granting a pension to Schmitz & Co., of Streator, Ill., for 1-cent drop-letter postage; to LilJie Werntz; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on the PoRt Office and Post Roads. By Mr. JONES of Pennsylvania: .A bill (H. R. 14878). grant­ 4351. .Also, petition of the Illinois Retail Dry Goods Assoda­ ing a pension to Edwin Reader Patterson; to the Committee on tion, favoring an amendment of sections 204-"'214 and 234 of the Invalid Pensions. revenue act; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, a bill (H. R. 14879) granting a pension to WiLliam R. 4352. Also, petition of the Thayer Action Co., of Rockford, Potter· to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Ill., relating to the repeal of war taxes; to the Committee ou Also: a bill (H. R. 14880) for the relief of Calvin E. Dunlap; Ways and 1\Ieans. to the Committee on Military .Affairs. 4353. Also petition of "Zirkel" lodge (Masonic) of 947 mem­ By l\Ir. KINKAID: .A bill (H. R. 14881) granting a pension bers of Chic~go, Ill., protesting against the retention of colonial to George J. Jarchow; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. semibarbarous colored troops in the occupied area of Germany ; By l\Ir. 1.1cL.A.UGHLIN of Michigan: .A bill (H. R._ 14882) to the Committee on Foreign .Affairs. granting a pension to Mary J. Smoke; to the Committee on 4354. Also, petition of ERe Nata Club of Streator, Ill., favor­ Invalid Pensions. ing the passage of the Sheppard-Towner bill; to the Committee .Also a bill (H. R. 14883) granting an increa e of pension on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. to Job~ Lancaster· to the Comrrrittee on Invalid Pensions. 4355. By Mr. HERSEY: Petition of Home Culture Club of By Mr. MAGEE:' .A bill (H. R. 14884) granting a pension to Bangor, l\Ie., indorsing the Sheppard-Towner bill; to the Com­ Elizabeth Sanborn· to the Committee on Pensions. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By l\1r. NOLA.l~; A. bill (H. R. 14885) granting a pension to 4356. By l\Ir. IRELAND: Petition of Mrs. W. J. Buck and Pauline McEwen· to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. other women of Peoria, Ill., and vicinity opposed to House bill By Mr. PORTER: A bill (H. R. 14886) gr~nting an inc~ease 10925 and Senate bill 3259; to the Committee on Interstate and of pension to Lizzie K. Thorpe; to the Committee on Penswns. Foreign Commerce. By Mr. RHODES: .A bill (H. R. 14887) for the ~elief of 4357. By Mr. KELLEY of 1\Iicbigan: Petition of. Wool Mar­ James H. Hoyt alias James McCabe; to the Committee on keting Commission of the .American Farm Bureau Federation, Military Affairs. . favoring an embargo on the importation of wool and other sheep By 1\fr. ROBSION of Kentucky: .A bill (H. R. 14888) granting products; to the Committee on Ways and Means. . a pension to William R. Neal; to the Committee on Pensions. 4358. Also, petition of Emma Biebesheimer and 26 other resi­ By Mr. SELLS: A bill (H. R. 14889) granting an increase dents of Ingham County, 1\Iich., favoring an international agree­ of pension to Della A. Cooter; to the Committee on Pensions. ment to maintain peace; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. SNYDER: A bill (H. R. 14890) granting a pension 4359. Also, petition of John E. Ellsworth. and otl!er residents to .A.urnst Richards ; to the Committee on Pensions. of Fowlerville, Mich., requesting legislation to permit banks to Dy ifr. TAYLOR of Tennessee: .A bill (H. R. 14891) ~ranting charge a rate of exchange for collection of checks; to the Com­ an increase of pension to James H. Reed; to the Committee on mittee on Banking and Currency. Pensions. 4360. Also, petition of Emma Biebesbeimer and 39 other resi­ Also, a bill (H. R. 14892) granting an increase of pension to dents of Ingham County, Mich., protesting against any nullifi­ Bradford R. Sartin; to the Committee on Pensions. cation of the national prohibition act; to the Committee on the Also a bill (H. R. 14893) granting an increase of pension to Judiciary. F. w. 'Gerding; to the Committee on Invalid Pens!ons. . 4361. By 1\fr. O'CONNELL: Petition of Chamber of Com­ By 1\fr. TREADWA.Y: A bill (H. R. 14894) granting a pensiOn merce of the State of New York, favoring Federal charter for to Mary E. Wiggin; to the Committee on Pensions. foreign trade corporation; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. . 4362. By 1\Ir. PETERS: Petition of Castine Women's Club. of PETITIONS, ETC. Castine, 1\fe., favoring the passage of the Sheppard-Towner Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid maternity .bill; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Commerce. · 4340. By Mr. BRIGGS: Petition of the maritime committee 4363. By 1\fr. ROGERS: Petition of the Holy Name Society, of the Galveston Cotton Exchange and Board of Trade, rela­ St. Michaels Parish, of Lowell, 1\fass., opposing the passage of tive to sections 16 and 17 of the act of March 4, 1915 ; to the the Smith-Towner bill; to the Committee on Education. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 4364. By 1\Ir. TILLMAN: Petition of Ozark Angora Ranch, 4341. By Mr. BURROUGHS: Resolution of the Laconia Rogers, Ark., favoring tariff on mohair; to the Committee on (N. H.) Woman's Club, indorsing the ~heppard-Towner bill; Ways ancl..Means. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 4365. By Mr. WOODS of Virginia: Petition of sundry citi­ 4342. Also, resolution of the Union (N. H.) Woman's Club, zens of Lynchburg, Va., favoring legislation for the relief of in favor of the Sheppard-Towner bill; to the Committee on real estate mortgages from the Federal income tax; to the Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Committee on Ways and Means.