Index

Page numbers in italics refer to Tables or Figures

Abbeville 84, 86, 90 Ballantrae complex 210, 216-17 Adams, Charles Francis 36 Banda arc 208 Agassiz, Louis 117, 108, 156, 179 baronetcy 35 BA visit 147-8 Barrovian metamorphism 207, 208 field work in Scotland 148 Bartley Lodge 21 Geological Society presentation 153 basin analysis 106 propounds glacial theory 145-6 Basterot, Barthrlmy de 116 Airy, George Biddell 166 Bay of Islands ophiolite 216, 217, 218 Albert Prince Consort 35 Bayo, Joaqufn Exquerra de146 Aletsch glacier 34 beach ridges 78 Alleghanian orogeny 275 Bellewstown Terrane 228 alluvial plains 103 Beaulieu, Charles Le Hardy de 46 Alps 22, 27 Beck, Heinrich 118 Amazonia 211-12 Becquerel, Henri 126 America Belgium 22, 33 Joggins (Nova Scotia) 61, 64, 243,244-50, 255-6 field work 90 Lyell's field sketches 245, 251,262,265 reception of Lyell's ideas 46 lecture tour 54-5, 115 Ben Vuirich granite 210 New York State 74-7 Bergman, Torbem 116 Niagara 18, 57, 59, 78-9 Beyrich, Heinrich Ernst 117 other travels 56, 254 Bianconi, Giovanni Giuseppe 47 Annieopsquotch Accretionary Tract 215, 221-2, 225, Biblical flood records 5, 7, 138 226 Big Bone Lick 59 antediluvial man, theory of 84-92 birth date 21 Antiqui~ of Man, The Geological Evidences of the 33, birth place 21 115, 136 Bischof, Gustav 44 glacial theory commentary 157 Bismarck Range 207, 208 researches 84-92 Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotry de 116 translations 39, 47, 48 Boil Mountain Ophiolite Complex 221,227 Appalachian Mountains 74 Bonelli. Franco Andrea 24, 116 Appalachian-British Caledonide Belt Bostock, Robert 193 correlatives 221-2, 227-30 Bothnia, Gulf of 62 elements established 209-13, 205 Boucher de Perthes, Jacques 86 features 204-9 Bour, Ami 40, 41 Arago, Dominique Franqios Jean 44 Boulder Formation 146, 154, 157 Archaeopteryx 136 Bray Group 229 Arduino, Giovanni 111, 115, 116, 138 Brazilide Ocean 212 Arran, Isle of 27 brine pools 107 Asia-Australia collision model 201-9 British Association for the Advancement of Science 147, Athenaeum membership 3 191 Australia-Asia collision model 201-9 British Caledonian see Appalachian-British Caledonian Austria 34 Belt Avalonia and Avalon Zone 212, 229 Brixham Cave (Torquay) 33, 86 Brocchi, Giovanni-Battista 6, 8. 116 Brongniart, Adolphe Throdore 112 Bad Kissingen 34 Brongniart, Alexandre 5, 23, 115, 116 Badger Group 225 Brongniart, Throdore 117 Baggs Hill Pluton 225 Brtinn, Heinrich Georg 111,116, 119, 120, 134-5 Baie Verte Line 214 Bronson Hill Arc 227 Baie Verte Oceanic Tract 214, 215 brother of Lyell 21-22 correlative strata 21 6-17 Brown, Richard 263, 264 tectonic model 217-21 Buch, Leopold von 27, 28, 116

369 370 INDEX

Buchans Group 214 North American studies 59, 60 Buckland, William 116 Cocchi. Igino 47 field work 5, 148, 151 Coedana Complex 212 Geological Society sponsor 3 conservation projects 367 on glacial theory 145, 146, 147. 148 Conybeare. William Daniel 112, 116, 156 influence on Lyell 3, 5, 7, 112, 138, 148 cooling earth theory 7, 34, 141 role in Oxford tradition 5, 84 Copley Medal 31 Buffon, George Louis LeClerc de 4, 116. 138 COSPEC 343 Bunbury, Charles 28 Cotta, Bernhard yon 42, 43 butterflies, Lyell's interests in 21-2 Cottrell's Cove Group 214 Crabb Brook Group 216 Crag studies 102, 106, 118 513C cycles 311 craters of elevation theory 27, 28, 30, 31, 36, 40 Cahore Group 229 Croil, James 108, 141, 162, 165-8 Calabria earthquakes 350, 352 cross stratification 100, 101,103 Caledonian see Appalachian-British Caledonide Belt Cullenstown Group 229 Canary Islands 28 Cumberland Group 275,276 Canso Group 271 Cuvier. Leopold Christian Friedrich Dagobert Georges Cape Ray granodiorite 219 Baron de 4, 23, 84, 111, 116, 133, 138 Capellini, Giovanni 47 Cypris 23, 24 Carboniferous Period North American studies 59, 60, 61 Dalradian Supergroup 210 proxy environmental data 252-4 Darwin, Charles 35, 112, 117, 126, 135, 140 on ice ages see also Nova Scotia 166-7 cartoons by De la Beche 11,105 theory of natural selection 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 135-6 catastrophic flooding 105, 17 I, 172 Dawson, Sir John William 36, 61, 64, 246, 247, 264, catastrophists and catastrophism 4-5, 7, 10, 57, 89, 113, 264, 278 177, 180 D'Entrecasteux complex 209 caves in salt 332 De la Beche, Henry Thomas 11, 111, 134, 139, 189-90 Cetta, Alberto 47 cartoons 11,105 Chair of Geology vii, 113 De Rance. Charles 190, 191-3 Chalk delta sedimentation 105--6 hydrogeological map 190, 191 delta studies 22, 60, 64 role in London water supply 187 deluge see catastrophic flooding springs 183 Dendrerpeton acadianum 246 Chamonix 22 Deshayes. G~rard Paul 9, 41, 111, 113, 115, 116, 118, Chanceport Group 214 127 Channelled Scablands 171, 172 Desmarest, Nicholas 116 Chara marl 23 Desnoyes, Jules Pierre Francois Stanislaus 84, 112, 113. charcoal in coal seams 250--4, 253 116, 117, 125 Charlesworth, Edward 117, 118 Desor. Edouard 117 Charpentier, Johan von 116 Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft membership 44 Cheirotherium 57, 61 d'Halloy, Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius 116, 127, 138 Christiana (Norway) 27 diapir development 315 Church of England establishment views 5 diluvium and diluvialism 5, 89 Civil War (American) 36 directionality theory 7, 8, 10. 13 Clew Bay Complex 217 Dog Bay Line 228 Clifden steep belt 208 Dolomieu. Drodat Gratet Count de (Dieudonn6 Sylvain climate change 7, 18, 107-8 Guy Tancrrde de) 116. 350 18th century perspective 162 d'Orbigny. Alcide Charles Victor Dessalines 112, 117 effects of volcanic eruptions 336 drift Lyeli's perspective 162-4 term introduced 146-7 problems of recording 161-2 theory of origin 57, 61-4 reducing impacts of 366 Dufrrnoy, Armand 27 research programme 364 Duncannon Group 229 role in extinction 58 Dunnage Accretionary Complex 226 role in glacial epochs 165-8 Dunnage Zone 213 role of weathering 365 Clutterbuck, James 187, 193 coal and coal-bearing strata 282 earth structure 356-8, 359 associated flora/fauna 244-50 earthquakes charcoal 250-4 associated ground shaking 352-3 Lyell's views on origins 243-4 causes 350-2 modem analogues 254-5 deep focus features 354-5 INDEX 371

global distribution 353-4 Austria 34 Hutton on 349 Belgium 33, 90 Lyell on 350 Brixham cave 33, 86 prediction 355-6 Canary Islands 28 East Anglia France crag studies 102, 106, 118 Abbeville 33, 90 Hoxne 90 Auvergne 6, 24 studies in Norfolk 146, 154, 157 Paris Basin 5, 23 Eaton, Amos 71, 72 Germany 34. 90 Eatonian era 71 Rhine Valley 18 Ebel, John Gottfried 116 Hoxne 90 Edinburgh Review 6 Italy 22, 24, 30 education 21-2 Madeira 28, 29 Elements of Geology Mediterranean 98 editions 33, 65 Norfolk 146, 154, 157 frontispiece 12 North America 59-61,254 origin of coal discussed 244 New York State 74-7 publication 12, 139-40 Nova Scotia 61, 64, 243,244, 245 reviews 113-15 Niagara 18.78-9 translations 39, 45, 124 Norway 27 unauthorized publication 53 Oxford region 5 written style 4 Scotland 5, 22, 34, 148-9 l~lie de Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Lronce Sicily 6, 10, 24-5, 30-1, 133 27, 40, 111, 116, 127 Sweden 62 Engis Cave 90 Switzerland 22, 27, 34 environmental change 363 Fingal's Cave 22 driving forces 363-4 Finistere Range 208 impacts of 365 fire see wildfire mitigation of 366-7 Fitton, William Henry 112, 113, 116 Eocene 10, 113, 118-19 Fleming. John 112 erratics 61 Fletcher, Hugh 266 Esmark, Jens 145, 147 Fleur de Lys Supergroup 210, 214, 216 estuarine sedimentation 106 Flood, The 5, 7, 138 Etna 10, 24, 25, 27-8, 30 flood features 171, 172 activity levels 337 fluid flow theories 99-100 monitoring programme 344-5 fluvial sedimentation 103-6 COSPEC 343 footprints (trace fossils) 57, 58, 60-1,246, 246 gas geochemistry 342-3 Forbes, Edward 35, 117 GPS 340-1 Forchhammer, Johann Georg 116 ground deformation 339-40 fossils microgravity 341-2 Carboniferous record of Nova Scotia 247-9, 252, remote sensing 343-4 265-6. 278-9. 294-302 SAR interferometry 344 phytobiology 244-7. 284 seismology 338-9 human and human artefacts 33, 35.84-92 self-potential 342 forests 243-256. 261-285 tidal gravity 342 mammals 8, 84, 88-9 eustatic signals 304-5 organic progression theory 134-5 Evans, John 33 plants 243-256, 261-285 evolution theory 8, 135-6 repeating record theory 8 Exploits Group 224 significance of 6 Exploits Subzone 213, 222-7 Tertiary studies 6, 9-10, 41 extinctions 4, 8, 58 Stonesfield slate 8, 134 Exxon slug 303,304-5 uniformitarian approach 134 eyesight problems of Lyell 22 Wealden study 22 see also footprints Fountain Lake Group 267 fabric studies in salt fractures in salt 329 brittle 328-30 France ductile 326-8 reception of Principles 40, 41.44 Falconer, Hugh 33, 86, 112 visits Fennoscandia see Scandinavia 1818 22 Ferrusac, Andr6 Etienne d'Audebard de 116 1823 3, 5.23 Fichtel, Johann Ehrenreich von 116 1828 24 field work locations visited by Lyell 1861 33 372 iNDEX

French language ability 3 Gtimbel, Carl Wilhelm yon 117 Frere, John 90 gypsum 282 Frieslebel Johan Karl 116 gyrogonites 23 fusain see charcoal Fiischel, George Christian 116, 138

Hacques, Belthazar 116 halite see rock salt Gaia concept 365 Hall, James 64, 73, 74, 78 Gander margin 223, 225,229 Hall, Sir James 116 Ganderia and Gander Zone 212 Halmahera arc 207 Ganges River 99, 106, 140 Hartmann, Carl Friedrich Alexander 41, 42 gas geochemistry 342-3 Hartung, Georg 28 Gemellaro, Gaetano 30 Haug, Emile 117 geochronology 9, 10 Hrbert, Edmond 117 Geographical Society 17 Heim. Johan Ludwig 116 geohazards 367 Helderberg Mountains 75, 76, 77 Geological Society herringbone cross stratification 101, 103 1851 anniversary address 135 Herschel, John 108, 166, 175 discussion sessions 19 Highland Border Complex 210 field work orientation 18 Highland Group 210 glacial theory presentations 153-5 historical geology 139-42 censorship 156 Hjarnes, Urban 116 controversy 155-6 Hoff of Gotha, Karl Ernst Adolf von 6, 8, 42 Lyell's fellowship 17 Hook, Joseph 116 Lyell's foreign secretaryship 6 Hooker, Joseph 23, 31, 35 Lyell's membership 3, 17, 22 iceberg sketch 57 Lyell's presidency 17 Hopkins, William 357 Lyell's secretaryship 3, 6 Hormuz Formation 317-19 papers read at 5, 18 extrusive features 319-24 presidential addresses 18 fabrics Geological Society Dining Club 19-20 brittle 328-30 Geological Survey 189-90 ductile 326-8 geomorphic synthesis 63 use in tectonic modelling 324-6 geosyncline concept 74 wasting 330-2 German language ability 6, 119 Homer. Leonard 6, 113 Germany, reception of Principles 41-3, 44 Hrrnes, Moritz 117, 120, 123 Gesner, Abraham 264 Horsham Sands 106 glacial epoch 165-6 Horton Group 269 glacial theory and glaciation Hoxne (Suffolk) 90 Agassiz propounds 61, 145-6 Hull, Edward 190, 191, 194 Buckland adopts 147-8 human evolution 33, 35, 84-92 Buckland opposes 146 Humber Zone 214 Geological Society papers on 153-5 Humboldt, Alexander von 7, 23, 111,116, 146 Lyell adopts 33, 148-51 Hurricane Mt Mrlange 227 Lyell doubts 156 Hutton, James 116, 173, 349, 365 Murchison attacks 155 Huttonian theory 4, 22 submergence theory 61-2 Huxley, Thomas Henry 84, 88, 112, 136, 141-2 Glen Clova 149, 150, 151 hydrogeology global warming 364, 366 De Rance's map 192 Goldfuss, Georg August 116 work of Lucas 190-1 Gondwana 212 work of Lyell 186 GPS 340-1 work of Smith 185-6 gradualism 9, 10, 57 Hvlonomus lyelli 246, 248, 266 Grampian orogeny 207 hypothesis, role of 175, 177 granite intrusions 27 Great Dismal Swamp 59, 254 Greenhough, George Bellas 19, 116, 155 greenhouse cycles 312 Iapetus Ocean Greensand, role in water supply 187-8 evolution 213-30 ground deformation 339-40 opening 209-10 ground shaking 352-3 summary of history 230-1 groundwater 183, 187 ice and analogy with salt 317, 319 Guettard, Jean Etienne 116 ice ages 165-6 INDEX 373 icehouse cycles 311-12 Mabou Group 271 illnesses 21, 22 McAdam Lake Formation 267 inductive logic 175 McCulloch, John 116 inoculation 21 Mackenzie River 254 insects, interests in 21-2 Madeira 28, 29 intrusions and metamorphism 27 Magog Group 216 Iran 316 Maillet, Benoit de 138 Ischia 24 mammals first recorded 8 Italian language ability 6 Mannin Thrust 208 Italy 22, 24, 30 Mantell, Gideon Algernon 22, 35, 112 earthquake studies 350, 352 Manual of Geology 33, 44, 124 reception of Lyell's ideas 46-7 Manus Basin 208, 218 Manx Group 229 marine sedimentation 107-8 Jameson, Robert 116, 145, 146 Maritimes Basin Japan earthquakes 356 geological setting 262-3 Joff6 effect 317 see also Nova Scotia Joggins (Nova Scotia) 61, 64, 243, 244-50, 255--6 Maritimes Disturbance 275 Lyell's field sketches 245, 251,262, 265 Marjelen See 34 joints in salt 329 marriage 113 Massif Central 133 Mastodon 59, 61, 78 Kelvin, Lord (William Thomson) 34, 35, 126, 137, 141 Mechecourt ies Abbeville 84, 86, 90 Kennedy, W.Q. 97 metalliferous deposits 281 Kinnordy 21, 23, 148 metamorphic rock 10, 27 Kirkdale caves 5 Meulien, Tullia 44 knighthood 28, 35 microgravity 341-2 Kobe earthquake 356 Midland Valley Terrane 216, 217 Milne, John 349 Miocene 10, 113, 118-19 Lake District 229, 230 Mississippi River 60, 103--4, 106, 254 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de Monet Chevalier de 8, 34, 87, Moine Thrust 210 116, 134, 138 Molasse Gebirge classification 120 Lartet, Eduard 33 molluscs Laurentia evolution 210--12 Pliocene 146 legal career 3, 22, 23, 173 Tertiary 6, 9-10, 41, 115 Lehmann, Johann Gottlob 116, 138 use in Crag problem 118 Lehmann discontinuity 357 moraine formation 151 Leny Limestone 210 Morlot, C.A. 125 Leonhard, Karl C~isar von 44 Moro, Antonio Lazzaro 116 linguistic ability 3, 6, 119 Moreton's Harbour Group 215 Linn6, Carl von 116 Moulin-Quignon Jaw 91 Linnean Society 17 Munster. Count George 116 Little Grand Lake Fault 202, 214, 218 Murchison, Roderick Impey 6, 19, 24, 112, 113, 116, Little Port Complex 218 138, 147 attacks glacial theory 155, 156, 157 loess 18 head of Geological Survey 189 Logan, Sir William 264 London water supplies 184-5, 187-8 Longford Down Inlier 227, 228 namakiers 320 Losius, Georg 116 natural selection see Darwin's theory of natural selection Lough Nafooey Arc 208 Naumann, Karl Friedrich 44, 111,116, 123 Lowell lectures Neandertal 33, 90 1841 54, 56, 156-7 Neogene, evolution of terminology 119-23 1845 54, 56 Neumeyr, Melchior 117 1852 54, 56, 61 New Britain Trench 208 Lubbock, John 91 New Brunswick 222-6 Lucas, Joseph 190, 194 New England 221-2, 227-30 Lukes Arm Fault 215 New Guinea ophiolite 207, 217 Lushs Bight ophiolite 219 New Red Sandstone 59 lycophytes 244, 246, 250, 251 New York City 79-80 Lyell, Charles i, 73, 116 New York State Lyell Chair of Geology vii field work 74-7 lecturing style 19, 55 lectures given 54, 56 Lyndhurst 21 New York State Geological Survey 74 374 INDEX

New Zealand 351-2 Persian Gulf 318 Newfoundland tectonic elements 202-3 Philadelphia lectures 54, 56 Newton, Sir Isaac 173.174 Phillips. John Ill. 117. 138, 139. 140 Newtonian principles 4, 8 physics, the exemplar science 178 Niagara 18, 57, 59. 78-9 Picard. Casimir 85-6 Norfolk field work 146. 154, 157 Pictou Group 277 North America Pilla. Leopoldo 46-7 Joggins (Nova Scotia) 61, 64. 243. 244-50. 255-6 plate tectonics 35, 351 Lyell's field sketches 245. 251. 262. 265 forward modelling 201-9 lecture tour 54-5.56, 115 Playfair, John 4. 112. 116. 174 New York State 74-7 Pleistocene 10. 122, 124-6, 146 Niagara 18.57, 59, 78-9 Plio-Pleistocene 101. 102 travels 56, 254 Pliocene 10. 113. 146 Norway 27 Po River 103. 106 Notre Dame Arc tectonic model 217-21 pollution treatment 366 Notre Dame Subzone 213.214-15.225 Popelogan-Victoria Arc 227. 228 Nova Scotia Carboniferous geology population growth 363-4 basin stratigraphy portraits of Lyell 22, 73, see also frontispiece & cover Devonian 267-8 potash 282 Namurian 271-5 present causes see vera causa Stephanian 277-8 Prestwich. Joseph 33, 86, 117, 187, 188. 193 Tournaisian 268-70 Pr6vost. Constant 5, 7, 23, 40, 116 Vis6an 270-1 Primary era 10 Westphalian 276-7 Principles of Geology economic deposits 281-2 earthquake references 349, 350. 351-2 fossil record 278-9. 294-302 editions 3 phytogeography 284 first 97. 162. 244 history of study 263-7 second 12 palaeoclimatic evidence 279-81 third 12. 108 palaeoflow records 282-4 fourth 18 tectonic setting 282 sixth 13 see also Joggins seventh 18.65. 108 ninth 244 tenth 34. 135. 166, 167 8180 cycles 311-12 eleventh 135. 164 Ohio River section 59 twelfth 26 oil seeps 282 first drafts 23 Oppel. Albert 117 fossils 133. 134 organic progression 134-5 frontispiece 8. 9 origin of species theory 33, 34, 36. 83. 135 publication 3 orogen characteristics 200 publisher 10 Orsini, Antonio 46 reviews 10. 40 overstanding, role of 177, 178 revisions 115 sales vii translations 39, 40, 41, 42.44, 45. 46 Pacific Ocean (SW) collision model 201-9 unauthorized publication 53 palaeoatmosphere 252-3 volumes palaeoclimate 161,252-3 first 7-8.97.98. 105, 106. 107, 108, 113, 173, 244 Carboniferous record of Nova Scotia 279-81 second 8-9. 113. 244 palaeoecology 253-4 third 9-10. 12. 27, 103, 113, 244 Palaeogene, evolution of terminology 119, 120. 123-4 fourth 10 palaeogeography, Neoproterozoic 211 written style 3, 7 Pallas, Peter Simon 116 professional society memberships 17 Palma 30, 31 professorship vii. 113 Parallel Roads of Glen Roy 34 Puzzuoli 9. 62 Paris 3, 5, 23 Paris Basin 22, 23, 133 Quarterly Reviews 3.6. 10 Paschwitz, E von Rebeur 349 Quaternary 119. 125-6 peatland studies 252, 254-5 see also glacial theory Peirce, Charles 177, 178, 179, 180 Quebec Ophiolite Belt 216 Pengelly, William 33 Penobscot Arc 228,229 Penobscot orogeny 224-5 radioactive wastes 366 Permo-Triassic sandstone, role in water supply 189 radioactivity in dating 126 INDEX 375 rainprints 246 seismic tomography 357-8 raised shoreline 59 seismology 338-9. 350. 353,358 Ramsay, Andrew 35 self-potential 342 reasoning styles 178-80 sequence stratigraphy Recent, evolution of terminology 120, 125 foundation concepts 308 Red Indian Line 214, 215,226 initiation of 303-6 Reid, H.E 350 role in correlation 309-11 remote sensing 3434 role in integration 308-9 Rensselaer School/Polytechnic Institute 72, 73.74 Serres, Marcel de 84, 125 reptiles 61, 64 Shetlands ophiolite 207, 217 Rhine Valley 18, 22 shrinkage cracks in salt 329-30 Rh6ne River 100 Silurian Period New York State studies 74 Ribband Group 229 sink holes in salt 332 Risso, Giovanni Antonio 116 Skiddaw Group 229 river sedimentation 103-6 Skidder Basalt 215 Roberts Arm Group 214 Smith, William 111, 116, 138, 185-6 rock salt 282 Snooks Arm Group 218 analogy with ice 317 Socirt6 Grologique de France membership 44 diapirism 315 Sokolov, Dmitriy Ivanovitch 116 tectonic features 315 Somme Valley 85. 86 role in tectonic modelling 324-5 Sorby, Henry Clifton 102, 109 role as tectonic pressure gauge 325-6 South Stack Group 229 see also Hormuz Formation Southern Quebec Ophiolite Belt 216 Rockabema diorite 227 Southern Uplands 227 Rodinia breakup 209-13 Sowerby, George 118 Roman Temple of Serapis 9, 62 Spada Lavini, Alessandro 46 Rosslare complex 212 Spain, reception of Lyell's ideas 46 Royal Commissioner, appointment as 56-7 Spallanzani, Lazzaro 111,116 Royal Society 17 Spencer, Herbert 112 Ruskin, John, describes Lyell 17 Staffa 22 Steno, Nikolaus ]16 Stonesfield slate 8, 134 St Acheul artefacts 86, 87 stratigraphy see Nova Scotia Carboniferous geology St Daniel Mrlange 216 see sequence stratigraphy St Lawrence River section 60 see Tertiary studies salt see rock salt student life of Lyell 3, 17, 22 see also Hormuz Formation Suess, Eduard 117 San Cristobal trench 208 Sulawesi arc 207 Saporta, Marquis de 117 surface processes, reproduction and destruction 98-9 SAR interferometry 344 Sweden 62 Saussure, Horace Benedict de 111,116 Swedenborg, Emanuel 116 Scandinavia, isostatic uplift 98, 106 Switzerland 22.34 Schmerling, Philippe-Charles 33, 84 reception of Lyell's ideas 46 scientific method, progression in 307 Scotland glacial evidence 148 Taconic orogeny 200 home lake study 5 tectonics of salt 315 Parallel Roads of Glen Roy 34 use in modelling 324-5 Scottish Highlands 207 use in pressure measurement 325-6 Scrope, George Poulett 6, 7, 11, 23-4, 111, 112, 113, Tenerife 28 116, 127 Tertiary studies sea-level change 62, 107 Auvergne 24 global correlation 303,305-6, 309-11 chronostratigraphic classification 114 Secondary era 10 commentary in Principles 10 Sedgwick, Adam 18, 112, 113, 116, 127, 138 Crag problem 118 sedimentary structures 100-3 fossils 6, 9-10, 41 sedimentation studies 108-9 Neogene concept 119-23 basin analysis 106-7 North America 59 coal-beating strata 253 organic evolution and extinction 133 modem environments 103-6 origin of name 115 rates and budgets 99 Palaeogene concept 123-4 rivers and deltas 103-6 Paris Basin 23 seas and oceans 107-8 periods and stages 115, 118-19 seismic lines 304, 305 volcanism 27 376 INDEX

Tetagouche Group 225 Victoria Crown Princess of Prussia 36 tetrapods 244, 252, 265-6 Victoria Lake Group 223, 224 Thetford Mines Complex 216 Vivenzio, D. 350 Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin) 34, 35, 126, 137, 141 Viviene, Domenico 116 tidal gravity 342 Vogt, Carl 42, 44 till, term introduced 146-7 Voight, Johan Karl Wilhelm 116 time, geological volcanic earthquakes 350, 351 concepts of 139 volcanoes first sense of 138-9 eruption impacts 335-6 historical sense 139-42 Hutton on 349-50 use of term 139 Lyell on 356 time lines 304, 305 see also Etna Toillez, Albert 46 tomography, seismic 357-8 Tornquist Line 202 Wallace, Alfred 35 trace fossils see footprints water supply Transition era 10 London 184-5 transmutation theory 34, 59, 87, 134 relation to health 186 trap rocks 27 Wealden geology 22 Triassic studies in North America 59 weathering and climate change 365 Trobriand trench 208 Weaver, Thomas 116 Troy landslides 78 Werner, Abraham Gottlob 22, 112, 116, 173 Troy-Albany Capital District 71-3 Wernerian theory 22, 175 tsunamis 5, 7 Whewell, William 9, 10, 112, 113, 155, 156, 176, 177 Tyndall, John 162 Whiston, William 116 Whitaker, William 190, 193, 194 Whorral, Loch 150 undergraduate life of Lyell 3, 17, 22 Wicklow Fault Zone 219 uniformitarians and uniformitarianism 10, 35, 41-3, 113, Wight, Isle of 22, 23 173, 177, 363 Wild Bight Group 224 Unitarianism 65-6 wildfire and charcoal formation 250-1,252, 253 Unst ophiolite 218 wind-blown sediments 102, 103 Windsor Group 270-1,279 Woodward, John 116 Vallisnieri, Antonio 116 Woodward, Samuel 118, 155 Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah 71-2 Van Rensselaer, Stephen 72 Yare River at Yarmouth 22 Variscan orogeny 275 vera causa principle 4, 7, 8, 57, 98, 104, 174-5 vertebrates 244, 246, 247-9 Zagros Mountains 316 Vesuvius 24, 30 Zoological Society 17