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Wailua River State Park Rockfall Mitigation, Wailua Ahupua‘A, Puna District, Island of Kaua‘I TMK (4) 3- 9-002:021

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Wailua River State Park Rockfall Mitigation, Wailua Ahupua‘A, Puna District, Island of Kaua‘I TMK (4) 3- 9-002:021 FINAL REPORT (PART 2) AArrcchhaaeeoollooggiiccaall MMoonniittoorriinngg PPllaann iinn SSuuppppoorrtt ooff WWaaiilluuaa RRiivveerr SSttaattee PPaarrkk RRoocckkffaallll MMiittiiggaattiioonn WWaaiilluuaa AAhhuuppuuaa‘‘aa,, PPuunnaa DDiissttrriicctt,, IIssllaanndd ooff KKaauuaa‘‘ii.. TMK (4) 3-9-002:021; 3-9-002:030 Prepared for: AECOM Technical Services, Inc. 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 1600 Honolulu, HI 96813 August 2013 PACIFIC CONSULTING SERVICES, INC. 72.0 lvvilei Road, Suite 42.4, Honolulu Havvaii 96817 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PROCEDURES EXTENT OF MONITORING The archaeological monitor will conduct a combination of on-call and on-site monitoring of ground-disturbing activities that may impact subsurface proveniences greater than 0.30 cm below surface (cmbs) (1 ft) within the two project areas. Table 3 below provides a list of proposed mitigation actions for Rockfall Location 1 and Rockfall Location 2, and indicates whether the actions will be monitored on an on-call or an on-site basis. Table 3. Proposed Mitigation Measures that Require Archaeological Monitoring. Estimated On-site or On-Call Proposed Mitigation Action Excavation Depth Monitoring Necessary (Range in cmbs) Rockfall Site 1 (Wailua River) Rock bolting and shotcrete of four boulders NA On-call Demolition and removal of one boulder NA On-call In situ cable lashing of one boulder NA On-call Ring netting and cable lashing of two NA On-call boulders Installation of localized netting system, 60 by 30 feet with rock anchors to secure a NA On-call large outcrop Rock scaling to remove all loose surface NA On-site rocks within the limits of the project area Rockfall Location 2 (Fern Grotto) Pulling a boulder (3.0 by 2.0 by 1.0 foot in NA On-call size) away from existing rock fence Installation of a degradable erosion mat on slope abutting trail; involves vegetation clearing, trenching to key in the mat, 0.30-0.60 On-site removal of approximately 4.0 cubic yards of loose soil from bottom of the slope, and hydromulching Figure 6 presents a Google Earth image showing Rockfall Location 1 and the associated staging area in relation to the location of Poli‘ahu Heiau. Figure 7 shows Rockfall Location 2 in relation to the boat dock by the Fern Grotto. There is no staging area for Rockfall Location 2. With the exception of trenches for the upper and lower erosion mats at Rockfall Location 2 (Fern Grotto), ground-disturbing activities which will range from 0.30 to 0.60 cm deep (1 to 2 ft), most of the mitigation measures will not entail ground disturbing activities that penetrate more than 10 to 15 cmbs. Therefore on-call monitoring is recommended for most of the mitigation measures, and on-site monitoring is recommended for excavation of trenches for the degradable erosion mats at Rockfall Site Location 2 (Fern Grotto), and the rock scaling at Rockfall Location 1. 24 TREATMENT OF CULTURAL MATERIALS If any subsurface archaeological materials and/or features are encountered during archaeological monitoring of ground-disturbing activities, work will be stopped immediately in the area of the cultural find, and the monitoring archaeologist will investigate the nature of the discovery. If an intact cultural layer, living surface, structural components (e.g., foundations), archaeological sub-surface features (e.g., hearths, pits, postmolds, etc.), artifacts, charcoal, or midden deposits/trash pits are encountered, SHPD will be contacted and consulted on the development of an appropriate mitigation strategy. It is likely the following actions will be taken: Selected, sorted charcoal samples from discrete fire features will be collected for the possibility of radiocarbon analysis (particularly if the charcoal appears in a prehistoric context). Bulk samples of midden material will be collected, such as shell, bones, etc. All prehistoric artifacts will be collected All historic artifacts will be collected unless large trash or refuse pits are encountered, in which case a representative sample of diagnostic artifacts will be collected Standard documentation will be carried out, including scale maps, profiles, photographs, detailed soil and provenience descriptions, and interpretation Photographs of excavations will be included in the monitoring report even if no historically significant sites are documented during the monitoring field work TREATMENT OF HUMAN REMAINS If human remains are identified, work will immediately stop in that locale, and SHPD/DLNR will be notified immediately of the find. No further work will take place in that locale—including screening of back dirt, cleaning and/or excavation of the burial area, or exploratory work of any kind—unless explicitly requested by the SHPD. Any human skeletal remains identified during monitoring shall be treated as an inadvertent discovery and be dealt with in accordance with HAR § 13-300-40. SHPD/DLNR, in consultation with the landowner and the Kaua‘i Island Burial Council (KIBC), will determine whether to preserve in place or relocate. If SHPD makes a determination for removal of the human remains, the consulting archaeologist will remove and treat the human remains in accordance with HAR § 13-300-40. HALTING OF EXCAVATION ACTIVITY The monitoring archaeologist has the authority to halt construction in the vicinity of a cultural find, so that the provisions of this AMP can be carried out. The consulting archaeological firm will make it clear to the construction personnel that the archaeologist has the authority to halt work when it is deemed appropriate. PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONFERENCE Before works begins on the project, the on-site archaeologist will explain to the rockfall mitigation construction crew what kinds of sites may be encountered and the procedures to follow if archaeological finds are encounterd, as well as the role of the archaeological monitor. At this time it will be made clear that the archaeological monitor must be on-site for specific ground-disturbing activities (see Table 2), and that the archaeologist has the authority to stop work immediately, if necessary and appropriate. 25 LABORATORY WORK Artifacts will be catalogued and analyzed, along with any samples of midden materials that have been collected. Charcoal and other datable materials will be submitted for dating analysis, provided samples were collected in situ from prehistoric contexts that show no signs of intermixing with historic materials; e.g., charcoal obtained from distinct fire features in solely pre- contact deposits. REPORT PREPARATION The archaeological monitor will compile daily monitoring logs. These logs will minimally include a description of daily activities, recorded sites and/or features, personnel on-site, problems encountered, and corrective action taken. Monthly reports will be filed with the SHPD detailing any new sites or features identified within the project area boundaries, if necessary and appropriate. Following completion of fieldwork, an end of field report and a draft archaeological monitoring report will be prepared and submitted to SHPD/DLNR for review. The consulting archaeological firm will submit a final archaeological monitoring report after receiving any comments on the draft report. Should burials and/or human remains be identified, other letters, memos, and/or reports may be requested by the SHPD, and will be provided in accordance with applicable statutes and regulations, and as contractual obligations permit. COLLECTIONS ARCHIVING Archaeological materials encountered during monitoring will be turned over to the Division of State Parks, Department of Land and Natural Resources at the end of the project. 26 REFERENCES Bates, G.W. 1854 Sandwich Island Notes by a Haole. New York. Bennett, Wendell Clark 1931 Archaeology of Kauai. Bishop Museum Bulletin 80. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Buffem, Amy and Michael Dega 2002 Archaeological Monitoring During Temporary Fence Installation at Coco Palms Resort, Wailua Ahupua‘a, Puna District, Kaua‘i Island, Hawai‘i. Prepared by Scientific Consulting Services, Inc., Honolulu. Ms available at the State Historic Preservation Division, Kapolei. Carpenter, Alan B. and Martha Yent 1997a Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey: North Fork of the Wailua River Wailua River State Park, Wailua Ahupua‘a, Kawaihau and Līhu‘e Districts, Island of Kaua‘i. MS on file at State Historic Preservation Department, Kapolei. 1997b Archaeological Survey: Proposed Kayak Landing Site, Wailua River State Park, Wailua Ahupua‘a, Līhu‘e District, Island of Kaua‘i. MS on file at State Historic Preservation Department, Kapolei. Ching, Francis 1968 “Archaeological Surface Survey; Wailua State Park, Kauai.” Memorandum to Mr. J.M. Souza, Jr. dated January 31, 1968. On file at the DNLR, Division of State Parks, State of Hawaii. Dega, Michael and James Powell 2003 Archaeological Monitoring During Phase 1 of the Kauai Rural Fiber Optic Duct Lines Project, Kaua‘i Island, Hawai‘i. Prepared by Scientific Consulting Services, Inc. MS on file at State Historic Preservation Department, Kapolei. Dickey, Lyle A. 1917 Stories of Wailua, Kauai. Hawaiian Historical Society, 25th Annual Report for 1916, Honolulu. Folk, William and Gerald “Kamalu” Ida 1981 A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the Wailua River Hydropower Study. Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District, by the Archaeological Research Center, Hawaii. Ms available at the State Historic Preservation Division, Kapolei. Foote, Donald E., Elmer L. Hill, Sakuichi Nakamura, and Floyd Stephens 1972 Soil Survey of the Islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai,
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