Composición Y Taxonomia De La Familia Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) Para La Cuenca Del Río La Vieja, Alto Cauca, Colombia

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Composición Y Taxonomia De La Familia Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) Para La Cuenca Del Río La Vieja, Alto Cauca, Colombia COMPOSICIÓN Y TAXONOMIA DE LA FAMILIA BAETIDAE (INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA) PARA LA CUENCA DEL RÍO LA VIEJA, ALTO CAUCA, COLOMBIA. COMPOSITION AND TAXONOMY OF THE BAETIDAE FAMILY (INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA) FOR LA VIEJA RIVER BASIN, ALTO CAUCA, COLOMBIA. Luis Salinas1,2, Paola Villegas-A1 & César Román-Valencia1* 1Universidad del Quindío, Laboratorio de Ictiología, Grupo de Investigación en “Diversidad Faunística”, Armenia, Colombia. 2 Laboratório de Fisiologia e Neurobiologia de Invertebrados - Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *Correspondencia del Autor: [email protected] RESUMEN. Baetidae es una de las familias de insectos más abundantes y diversas del orden Ephemeroptera. En Colombia se registran 38 especies en 19 géneros, de las cuales cinco especies se localizan en la cuenca del Río La Vieja: Andesiops peruvianus, Camelobaetidius edmunsi, Mayobaetis ellenae, Na- nomis galera y Prebaetodes sitesi. En este trabajo, se examinaron un total de 7226 ninfas de baetidos, colectadas en el Río La Vieja, pertenecientes a 23 especies en 11 géneros. Se encontró que el género más abundante y con mayor riqueza es Baetodes seguido por Camelobaetidius (10 individuos y tres especies determinadas respectivamente), las especies más abundantes fueron Baetodes awa y Came- lobaetidius edmunsi (con 3563 y 1282 individuos respectivamente). En el presente trabajo se registra por primera vez, para el Río La Vieja, dos géneros (Cloeodes y Varipes) y ocho especies (Baetodes awa, Baetodes diasae, Baetodes pseudospinae, Camelobaetidius mathuriae, Camelobaetidius patric- ki, Nanomis rasmusseni, Prebaetodes meridinensis y Zelusia principales). Lo anterior establece que el rio La Vieja registra alrededor del 61 % de las especies de baetidos reconocidas para Colombia (23 de las 38 especies). Palabras claves: Artrópoda, Taxonomía, Comunidades, Andes, Sur América. Cómo citar: Salinas, L., Villegas-A, P & Román-Valencia, C.,(2019) COMPOSICIÓN Y TAXONOMIA DE LA FAMILIA BAETIDAE (INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA) PARA LA CUENCA DEL RÍO LA VIEJA, ALTO CAUCA, COLOMBIA. Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío. Vol 31, pp.15-25. Información del artículo: Recibido: 28 febrero 2019; Aceptado: 15 julio 2019 Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío, 31(1). pp 15-25; 2019. ISSN: 1794-631X e-ISSN: 2500-5782 Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución- NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional. 15 Revista de Investigaciones - Universidad del Quindío ABSTRACT. Baetidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in the insect order Ephemeroptera. Among the baetid species distributed in Colombia (38 species and 9 genera), five are known to occur in the basin of La Vieja river, Alto Cauca (Andesiops peruvianus, Camelobaetidius edmunsi, Mayobaetis ellenae, Nanomis gallera, and Pre- baetodes sitesi). Here, we estimate the species richness of Baetidae in La Vieja river based on specimens de- posited in local museums. We examined 7226 baetid nymphs from 23 species in 11 genera collected in the La Vieja river. We found Baetodes and Camelobaetidius to be the richest genera (10 and three species, respectively), with Baetodes awa and Camelobaetidius edmunsi being the most abundant species in the river (3 563 and 1 282 individuals respectively). Here we present new registries for two genera (Cloeodes and Varipes) and eight species (Baetodes awa, Baetodes diasae, Baetodes pseudospinae, Camelobaetidius mathuriae, Camelobaetidius patricki, Nanomis rasmusseni, Prebaetodes meridinensis, and Zelusia principalis) in La Vieja river. Our richness estimates indicates that La Vieja river harbors around 61% of the baetid species described in Colombia (23 of the 38 species). Key words: Arthropoda, Community, Taxonomy, Andean, South America. INTRODUCCIÓN. et al., 2013; Román-P & Román-Valencia, 2017; García-Alzate et al., 2017; Ruiz-C. et al., 2018). La Familia Baetidae fue establecida en 1815 por Lo que provocan impactos negativos sobre las W.E. Leach (Domínguez et al., 2006) y compren- características de los ambientes acuáticos, pro- de uno de los mayores grupos de Ephemeroptera duciendo efectos sobre la diversidad de la fauna (Salles et al., 2004). Los baetidos están represen- béntica (Chará et al., 2009). Por lo cual es útil tados por 140 géneros y 900 especies aproxima- y necesario realizar estudios enfocados en la sis- damente, presentan una distribución cosmopolita temática y ecología de aquellos grupos para los con excepción en la Antártica y Nueva Zelandia cuales existe un gran vacío en su reconocimiento (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999; Gattolliat & (Zúñiga et al., 2013), y permiten obtener informa- Nieto, 2009). En Sur América, esta familia re- ción básica como línea que sustente estrategias presenta la mayor riqueza con 175 géneros y 34 de prevención, conservación y de restauración especies registradas (Domínguez & Dos Santos, (Ruiz-C. et al., 2018). En este sentido, el objeti- 2014). En Colombia se encuentran registrados vo de éste trabajo fue realizar un reconocimiento aproximadamente 19 géneros y 38 especies (Días taxonómico de la familia Baetidae para la cuenca et al., 2009; Gutiérrez & Reinoso, 2010; Salinas del río la Vieja en Alto Cauca, Colombia. et al., 2011; 2012; 2017; 2018; Motta-Díaz et al., 2012; Rozo & Salinas, 2016; Vinasco-Mondra- MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. gón & Zúñiga, 2016), de las cuales nueve géne- ros (Americabaetis, Andesiops, Baetodes, Calli- Área de estudio: El río la Vieja es el resultado baetis, Camelobaetidius, Mayobaetis, Nanomis, de la confluencia de los ríos Barragán y Quindío. Prebaetodes, Zelusia) y cinco especies (Ande- Es uno de los principales tributarios del Alto río siops peruvianus, Camelobaetidius edmunsi, Ma- Cauca y su cuenca hidrográfica está ubicada en el yobaetis ellenae, Nanomis galera y Prebaetodes centro-occidente de Colombia en la jurisdicción sitesi) han sido reportadas para la cuenca del río de los departamentos del Quindío, Risaralda y La Vieja, Alto Cauca (Días et al., 2009; Zúñiga et Valle del Cauca. Se enmarca en las coordenadas: al., 2013). 4°04′ y 4°49′ de latitud norte y 75°24′ y 75°57′ de longitud oeste. Su extensión es de 2 880 Km2 La cuenca del río La Vieja ha sufrido correspondiéndole el 68% al departamento del transformaciones en sus ecosistemas naturales Quindío (1 961 Km2), el 10% al departamento de debido al consecuente aumento de actividades ta- Risaralda (298 Km2) y el 22% al departamento les como la agricultura intensiva, la minería, ex- del Valle del Cauca (619 Km2) (Román-P & Ro- tracción de material de río y la ganadería (Zúñiga mán-Valencia, 2017; García-Alzate et al., 2017). 16 Rev. Invest. Univ. Quindío (Col.), 31(1): 15-25; 2019 Composición y taxonomia de la familia Baetidae Fase de laboratorio: Se examinaron 7226 nin- Para la determinación de las muestras exami- fas de la familia Baetidae preservados en alco- nadas fueron utilizadas las claves taxonómicas hol al 96% y depositadas en las colecciones de de Domínguez et al. (2006) y Domínguez et al. macroinvertebrados del laboratorio de Ictiología (2009). Se realizaron montajes permanentes de (MIUQ), de Insectos (CIUQ) y del Museo de Ar- las estructuras de importancia taxonómica como trópodos (MAUQ) en la Universidad del Quin- patas, piezas bucales y paraproctos, así se utilizó dío, Armenia, Colombia. El material revisado fue la metodología de Waltz & McCafferty (1987), se colectado en 44 puntos de muestreo (P1 a P44) en utilizaron cubreobjetos, portaobjetos y Euparal. 23 corrientes hídricas (quebradas), las cuales cu- Las observaciones se efectuaron en un microsco- brieron un rango altitudinal entre 984 hasta 3076 pio Olympus Modelo CX21 y un estereoscopio metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm), pertene- Zeiss Stemi DV4. La toma de fotografías, para cientes a la cuenca del río La Vieja, Alto Cauca registros, se realizó con estereoscopio Zeiss Ste- (Tabla 1). mi 2000c con cámara Axio Cam ERc 5s realizado con el programa Zen 2 lite. Tabla 1. Sitios de colecta (P1 a P44), altura (msnm), coordenadas geográficas, nombre del drenaje (Quebrada, íR o) y Acronimia de colección (MIUQ: Macroinvertebrados del Ictiología Universidad del Quindío, MAUQ: Museo de Artrópodos de la Universidad del Quindío; CIUQ: Colección de Insectos de la Universidad del Quindío). S. D.: Santo Domingo; Q1 a Q4: Quebrada 1 a la 4; RN: Reserva Natural. Sitio de Altura Coordenadas Drenaje (Río o Colección Colecta Quebrada) P1 1892 4°38’32.46” N, 75°33’28.29” O Río Quindío MIUQ P2 1773 4°37’29.16” N, 75°34’35.98” O Río Navarco MIUQ P3 1764 4°38’34.39” N, 75°35’1.13” O Río Quindío MIUQ P4 1868 4°38’9.16” N, 75°36’56.71” O Quebrada El Bosque MIUQ P5 1646 4°37’28.75” N, 75°38’44.82” O Río Roble MAUQ P6 1484 4°37’34.92” N, 75°40’33.94” O Río Roble MIUQ P7 1400 04°35’43.7” N, 75°42’44.62” O Río Roble MAUQ P8 1160 04°34’20.43” N, 75°48’0.86” O Río Roble MAUQ P9 986 04°34’43.91” N, 75°51’21.86” O Río Roble CIUQ P10 984 04°34’46.06” N, 75°51’22.74” O Río Roble MIUQ P11 1265 04°33’25.1” N, 75°42’44.62” O Quebrada afluente Rio MAUQ Roble P12 1244 04°29’53.33” N, 75°48’0.16” O Río Espejo MAUQ P13 1054 04°23’ 53.75” N, 75° 48’ 12.26” O Río La Vieja CIUQ P14 1054 04°24’ 27.27” N, 75° 47’ 45.85” O Quebrada Bosque CIUQ P15 1480 04° 34’ 27” N, 75° 40’ 11” O Quebrada Hojas Anchas MIUQ P16 1465 04° 33’ 10” N, 75° 40’ 22” O Quebrada Hojas Anchas MIUQ P17 1243 04° 32’ 23” N, 75° 44’ 11” O Quebrada Hojas Anchas MIUQ P18 1240 04° 32’ 21” N, 75° 44’ 27” O Quebrada Hojas Anchas MIUQ P19 1750 04°30’ 36.5” N, 75°36’ 48.2”O Río Santo Domingo MIUQ P20 1684 04°30’ 34.39” N, 75°36’ 49.41”O Río Santo Domingo MIUQ P21 1626 04°30’45.2’’ N, 75°36’47.1’’ O Río Santo Domingo MIUQ P22 1636 04°31’07.9’’ N, 75°36’53.1’’ O Río Santo Domingo MIUQ Rev.
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