Lissocrangon Stylirostris Class: Multicrustacea, Malacostraca, Eumalacostraca

Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea

Lissocrangon stylirostris Class: Multicrustacea, Malacostraca, Eumalacostraca

Order: Eucarida, Decapoda, Pleocyemata, Caridea Common shrimp Family: Crangonoidea, Crangonidae

Taxonomy: Schmitt (1921) described many stylirostris (Kuris et al. 2007). shrimp in the genus Crago (e.g. Crago alas- Cephalothorax: kensis and C. franciscorum) and reserved Eyes: Small, pigmented and not cov- the genus Crangon for the snapping shrimp ered by carapace. (now in the genus Alpheus). In 1955–56, Antenna: Antennal scale the International Commission on Zoological (scaphocerite) short, just a little over half the Nomenclature formally reserved the genus length of the carapace, blade with oblique in- Crangon for the sand shrimps only. Kuris ner margin; spine longer than blade (Fig. 2). and Carlton (1977) designated the new, and Stylocerite (basal, lateral spine on antennule) currently monotypic, genus Lissocrangon longer than first antennular peduncle segment based on a lack of gastric carapace spines. and blade-like (Wicksten 2011). Known synonyms for L. stylirostris include Mouthparts: The mouth of decapod Crago stylirostris and Crangon stylirostris crustaceans comprises six pairs of appendag- (Wicksten 2011). es including one pair of mandibles (on either side of the mouth), two pairs of maxillae and Description three pairs of maxillipeds. The maxillae and Size: Type specimen 55 mm in body length maxillipeds attach posterior to the mouth and (Ricketts and Calvin 1971) with average extend to cover the mandibles (Ruppert et al. length 30–61 mm (male average 43 mm and 2004). Third maxilliped stout (particularly first female 61 mm, Wicksten 2011; size range segment, which is broadly dilated) and with 20–70 mm for females, 15–49 mm for exopod (Kuris and Carlton 1977; Wicksten males, Marin Jarrin and Shanks 2008). This 2011). specimen (from Coos Bay) is 55 mm in len- Carapace: Thin and smooth, without gth. medial spine (Lissocrangon, Kuris and Carlton Color: White with black and brown chroma- 1977). A pair of hepatic (lateral) spines with tophores, giving gray appearance (see Fig. carinae or ridges (Fig 1). Also branchiostegal 23.11, Chace and Abbott 1980). pines (Wicksten 2011). General Morphology: The body of decapod Rostrum: Short, narrow with pointed crustaceans can be divided into the cepha- tip that is sharply recurved and grooved lothorax (fused head and thorax) and abdo- (Wicksten 2011), length reaches end of eyes. men. They have a large plate-like carapace Teeth: dorsally, beneath which are five pairs of tho- Pereopods: First pereopod stout and racic appendages (see chelipeds and pere- bearing spines on merus (one) and carpus opods) and three pairs of maxillipeds (see (two), propodus widening distally and dactyl mouthparts). The body is laterally com- obliquely transverse when flexed. Second to pressed and shrimp-like in the Caridea. The fifth pereopod morphology as follows: second abdomen and associated appendages are pereopod slender and chelate; third slender outstretched and the abdomen usually has a and with simple dactyl; fourth and fifth larger sharp bend, which is less prominent in L.

A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: https://oimb.uoregon.edu/oregon-estuarine-invertebrates and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected]

Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Lissocrangon stylirostris. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charles- ton, OR.

than third and with flattened dactyls munitella, locally) has two gastric spines. (Wicksten 2011). Crangon species have a straight and Chelipeds: Hands (manus) subche- upturned rostrum and a telson that is of equal late, slightly widened distally and about length or longer than uropods. The genus is twice as long as wide (Fig. 3). divided into groups (i.e. subgenera, Kuris and Abdomen (Pleon): Shrimp-like (Fig. 1). Carlton 1977) based on characters of the Male abdomen narrow (see Sexual Dimor- sixth abdominal segment. In the first group, phism). Morphology of the sixth abdominal the sixth abdominal segment is smooth and segment is taxonomically significant and in lacks dorsal carinae (instead of two distal cari- L. stylirostris it bears a postero-ventral nae). This group is further split based on a spine, no ventral groove and no carinae sulcate or convex sixth abdominal segment (Ricketts and Calvin 1971; Wicksten 2011). ventrum. The so-called “smooth, sulcate spe- Telson & Uropods: Telson distinctly shorter cies group” (Kuris and Carlton 1977) includes than uropods and with four lateral spines all local Crangon species, C. alaskensis, C. (two pair) (Fig. 4) (Wicksten 2011). franciscorum, C. handi, C. nigricauda and C. Sexual Dimorphism: Females often have nigromaculata. broader and larger bodies than males, which Besides lacking gastric spines, Lis- have compressed and squat bodies socrangon species have a long narrow and (Hoeman 1982; Marin Jarrin and Shanks sharply recurved rostrum, a telson that is 2008; Wicksten 2011). The size disparity shorter than the uropods and a sixth ab- between males and females could be the dominal segment without a pair of dorsal cari- result of protandry (see Reproduction) nae (keel-like ridges). This genus is monotyp- (Marin Jarrin and Shanks 2008). ic, the only known member is L. stylirostris (Kuris and Carlton 1977; Kuris et al. 2007). Possible Misidentifications The family Crangonidae is character- Ecological Information ized by first pereopods that are subchelate Range: Type locality is Trinidad, California. and second pereopods (if present) that are Known range includes Chirikof Island, Alaska slender and equal in size, each with unseg- to Todos Santos Bay, Baja California mented carpus. Other characters include (Wicksten 2011). chela dactyls that close horizontally across Local Distribution: Coos Bay sites include the end of the propodus (“like the blade of a Pt. Adams beach, at the mouth of South pocket knife” Wicksten 2011), a rostrum that Slough. is small and without spines and a body that Habitat: Often along high-energy sandy is squat and somewhat depressed (although beaches, surf zone or semi-protected beach- it can be broad in ovigerous females) es (Kuris and Carlton 1977; Wicksten 2011). (Wicksten 2011). Lissocrangon stylirostris is a bottom-dweller Three crangonid genera we revised in that prefers hard sand (Ricketts and Calvin 1977 by Kuris and Carlton: Lissocrangon, 1971) and occurs in the low tide, swash zone Crangon and Neocrangon. Members of the of Oregon beaches (see Figs. 1–3, McLau- two former genera are found locally. These chlan 1990). genera can be differentiated by carapace Salinity: Collected at 30 with range reported spination: Lissocrangon lacks gastric from salinities of 17 to 33 (Chace and Abbott spines, Crangon has one median gastric 1980). spine and Neocrangon (Mesocrangon, M. Temperature: 8.7–16°C (Chace and Abbott

1980). spine, an exopod present on pereopod one Tidal Level: Intertidal to 80 m. (not 3–5), which is subchelate and a telson Associates: Can be infested with bopyrid that widens posteriorly (see Fig. 48.1, Guerao isopod Argeia pugettensis (Butler 1980). and Cuesta 2014; Puls 2001). This isopod is found next to the branchial Juvenile: chamber in many crangonids and forms a Longevity: conspicuous bulge in the carapace (see Growth Rate: Growth occurs in conjunction Plate 19, Kozloff 1993; Wicksten 2011). In with molting. In pre-molting periods the epi- 2008, 61.7% of L. stylirostris were infected dermis separates from the old cuticle and a with the parasite and their reproductive dramatic increase in epidermal cell growth oc- output was negatively affected (Bastendorff curs. Post-molt individuals will have soft Beach, Charleston, OR, Marin Jarrin and shells until a thin membranous layer is depos- Shanks 2008). The crangonid shrimps L. ited and the cuticle gradually hardens. During stylirostris and Crangon franciscorum may a molt decapods have the ability to regener- also be infected with the microspordium ate limbs that were previously autotomized parasite Pleistophora crangoni, which (Kuris et al. 2007). occurs within their skeletal musculature Food: Feeds on small invertebrates and (Breed and Olson 1977). moves into the surf zone at night when its pre- Abundance: Common in surf zone of semi- ferred prey, Archaeomysis grebnitzkii is most protected sandy beaches (Schmitt 1921). abundant (Marin Jarrin and Shanks 2011). Densities ranged from 17–472 individuals Predators: Commercially harvested in San per 100 m2 at Bastendorff Beach, Charles- Francisco Bay, California for bait with C. fran- ton, OR, with highest density observed at ciscorum, C. nigricauda and C. nigromacula- night (Marin Jarrin and Shanks 2011). ta. Annual catches ranged from 320,000– 1,360,000 kg (1940–1957) to 2,300–25,000 Life-History Information kg (1980s) per year (Chace and Abbott 1980). Reproduction: Many crangonid shrimp spe- Behavior: cies are considered gonochoristic, but evi- dence suggests that some species exhibit Bibliography protandry (Bauer 2004). Identifying oviger- 1. BAUER, R. T. 2004. Remarkable shrimps: ous females is easy because female cran- adaptations and natural history of the car- gonid shrimp carry eggs which are attached ideans. Animal Natural History Series. 7:1- with between the joints and rami of the inner 282. pleopods, under the abdomen (Siegfried 2. BREED, G. M., and R. E. OLSON. 1977. 1989). Females ovigerous year-round Biology of microsporidan parasite Pleis- (Grays Harbor, Washington, Hoeman 1982). tophora crangonin n.sp. in three species of Little is known about the reproduction and crangonid sand shrimps. Journal of Inver- L. stylirostris. development in tebrate Pathology. 30:387-405. Larva: In caridean shrimp species develop- 3. CHACE, F. A., D. P. ABBOTT, R. H. ment proceeds through several zoea larval MORRIS, and E. C. HADERLIE. 1980. stages (Guerao and Cuesta 2014). Cran- Caridea: the shrimps. In: Intertidal inverte- gonid zoea are characterized by a wide ros- brates of California. Stanford University trum, hemispherical eyestalks, antennule Press, Stanford, CA. bases that touch, unsegmented antennule 4. GUERAO, G., and J. A. CUESTA. 2014. scales with inner flagellum having a setose Caridea, p. 250-255. In: Atlas of crusta-

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