BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian

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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian Perkembangan media komunikasi modern sekarang ini memungkinkan orang di seluruh dunia untuk dapat saling berkomunikasi. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena adanya berbagai media (channel) yang dapat digunakan sebagai sarana penyampaian pesan. Media penyiaran, yaitu radio dan televisi merupakan salah satu bentuk media massa yang efisien dalam mencapai audiensnya dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak. Salah satu negara dengan perkembangan media penyiaran yang sangat besar yaitu Korea. Pada tahun 1980-an, televisi Korea seperti suatu teater yang menampilkan pertunjukkan asing. Produksi Amerika menarik perhatian penonton sedangkan produksi Jepang merebut hati penontonnya melalui animasi. Tetapi pemerintah Korea mulai melarang pendistribusian dan penjualan budaya populer Jepang pada 1998. Beragam budaya popuer Jepang yang diimpor dan diolah ulang menjadi versi Korea yang sesuai dengan selera lokal (Korean Culture and Information Service, 2011:9). Tahun 1990-an merupakan periode perubahan teknologi di industri penyiaran Korea. Pada tahun tersebut industri penyiaran Korea memanfaatkan teknologi baru seperti teknologi satelit dan sistem kabel interaktif yang memungkinkan Korea untuk berpartisipasi penuh dalam informasi masyarakat (Korean Culture and Information Service, 2008:65). Kemajuan pesat dalam teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah membuat bab baru dalam drama Korea. Menghadapi perubahan internasional tersebut, industri televisi Korea mulai menampilkan drama romantis yang difilmkan di beberapa tempat dengan pemandangan yang menarik dan berbagai genre yang bervariasi juga. Berdasarkan Korean Culture and Information Service (2008: 75-87) dalam jurnal K-Drama: A New TV Genre with Global Appeal menyebutkan Top 10 K-Dramas yaitu: 1 2 Tabel 1.1 Top 10 Dramas Korea Drama Tahun Penayangan Jewel in The Palace 2003-2004 Winter Sonata 2002 Autumn in My Heart 2000 My Lovely Samsoon 2005 Jumong 2006-2007 Coffee Prince 2007 Full House 2004 Boys Over Flower 2009 Iris 2009 Secret Garden 2010-2011 Sumber : Korean Culture and Information Service tahun 2011 Seperti yang dikemukakan dalam Republika co.id yang dikutip pada Soompi (komunitas online terbesar di dunia yang didedikasikan untuk budaya pop Korea), Senin (8/4/2013) menjelaskan alasan mengapa drama Korea bisa sangat difavoritkan di Asia bahkan di dunia yaitu karena adanya internet, jumlah episode drama Korea yang jelas, drama saegeuk dibatasi maksimal 200 episode, kisah romantis, selalu ada tontonan baru, budaya Korea, artis komik (artis dengan wajah yang menawan), menggugah emosi penonton, menampikan keseharian, adegan-adegan persahabatan, unsur ketulusan, mengubah gender (artis yang berperan berbeda dengan gendernya), menampilkan drama sejarah, dua episode sepekan dan menampilkan cerita yang manis. Korea bukan hanya mampu menayangkan drama-drama yang menarik perhatian penontonnya, tetapi juga kaya akan berbagai kebudayaan popular mereka. Contoh hasil kebudayaan popular adalah film televisi (drama), sinetron, reality show, konser musik, talkshow, dan banyak lagi (Storey, 2006:12). Seperti yang dilansir dalam muvila.com (sebuah media online 3 yang membahas film, TV, selebriti serta berbagai hal yang bersangkutan dengan industri entertainment, lokal dan internasional) yang menyebutkan bahwa produk impor sukses Korea Selatan bukan hanya K-Pop dan serial drama romantis saja, tapi juga variety show-nya yang banyak diminati oleh penonton di Indonesia (Prabowo, http://www.muvila.com, 22 Oktober 2013). Variety show dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah teatrikal hiburan yang terdiri dari tindakan terkait yang saling berurutan seperti lagu, tarian atau drama komedi (variety show is a theatrical entertainment consisting of successive unrelated acts, such as song, dances, and comedy skits). (http://www.thefreedictionary.com, 22 Oktober 2013) Salah satu variety show Korea yang saat ini sedang populer di kalangan masyarakat adalah Running Man. Seperti yang dikutip pada The Star Online mengatakan bahwa: “Running Man, another phenomenal export from South Korea, features a mix of reality TV, variety show, games and competition – Running Man, salah satu fenomena dari Korea Selatan, memadukan beberapa fitur dari tv reality, variety show, permainan dan kompetisi.” (http://www.thestar.com.my, 2 Desember 2013) Berdasarkan data AGB Nielson Media Reasearch tanggal 2 Juni 2013, beberapa variety show yang populer di Korea yaitu MBC Dad, Where Are You Going?, SBS Running Man, MBC Real Man, KBS 1 Night 2 Days, SBS Barefoot Friends, dan KBS Mamma Mia. (Hong, http://mwave.interest.me, 22 Oktober 2013) Untuk lebih memperjelas, gambar berikut ini menunjukkan hasil rating yang diperoleh Running Man dan beberapa variety show Korea lain berdasarkan data AGB Nielson Media Research pada 2 Juni 2013. 4 Gambar 1.1 Rating Variety Show Korea Berdasarkan data AGB Nielsen Media Research Sumber : Observasi online peneliti (Hong, http://mwave.interest.me, 22 Oktober 2013) Sebuah polling lain diadakan untuk mengetahui variety show Korea mana saja yang menjadi favorit banyak orang. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa acara TV unggulan yaitu MBC Infinity Challenge dan SBS Running Man muncul sebagai dua variety show terpopuler. Polling tersebut dilakukan oleh sebuah institutsi penelitian Korea, Gallup, dengan mengambil sampel 1217 orang yang umurnya berkisar diatas 19 tahun. Dari hasil polling tersebut Infinity Challenge muncul sebagai pemenang dengan polling suara 12,8% suara. Acara Running Man berada di posisi kedua dengan total 7,2% dan drama MBC A Hundres Year Legacy berada di posisi ketiga. Walaupun demikian, Running Man tidak hanya populer di Korea saja, tetapi juga fans internasional pun banyak yang menggemari acara tersebut. (Pearl, http://www.dreamersradio.com, 22 Oktober 2013) Running Man adalah sebuah acara variety show yang disiarkan di SBS setiap hari minggu. Sebuah acara variety yang belum pernah ada sebelumnya 5 dimana para personil tetapnya adalah Yoo Jae Suk, Kim Jong Kook, Song Ji Hyo, HaHa, Kang Gary, Lee Kwang Soo dan Ji Suk Jin, kemudian yang menarik adalah hadirnya tiap bintang tamu dari kalangan selebritis dan idol Korea setiap minggu untuk menemani mereka menjalankan misi dari acara tersebut. Running Man debut pada tanggal 11 Juli 2010, hingga saat ini, Running Man telah memasuki episode ke 187. Running Man sangat disukai di Korea dan menjadi variety show terbaik pada tahun 2011. Bahkan kepopuleran Running Man kini sampai di luar Korea. Mereka selalu mendapat sambutan luar biasa ketika mengadakan syuting di luar negara Korea seperti Thailand, Hongkong, dan China. Rating dari acara ini terus meningkat dan acara ini bahkan mengalahkan variety show ‘One Night Two Days’ dari stasiun TV KBS yang sebelumnya sama sekali tidak terkalahkan. (http://okepop.com, 23 Oktober 2013) Keunikan dari Running Man itu sendiri terletak dari proses awal pembuatan acara, persiapan dari para stafnya, pembiayaan produksi setiap episode dan yang paling utama para member/pemainnya. Menurut hasil observasi peneliti terhadap live tweet dari staf Transmedia pada seminar “Explore Korean Reality Show ‘Running Man’ with Cho Hyo Jin” yang dirangkum oleh @Runners_JKT pada 9 September 2013, menjelaskan bahwa pada awalnya PD Cho (Producer Director Running Man) tidak memakai skrip untuk shooting acara tersebut. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan supaya para penonton dapat melihat partisipasi alami para peserta Running Man. Dari tidak adanya skrip itulah telihat pada kelemahan member Running Man. Tetapi kelemahan itulah yang menjadi kekuatan program Running Man karena tingkah alami membernya yang lucu dan kocak. Dasar dari menciptakan Running Man tersebut, berasal dari melihat tembok besar Cina yang panjang dan terpikir untuk membuat game yang lari. Awal pembuatnnya pun berasal dari pemikiran PD Cho tentang bagaimana bila mau hang out itu perlu membawa apa saja. Hal tersebutlah yang menjadi dasar Running Man sebagai variety show yang berupa race/game/challenge. Persiapan untuk produksi program tersebut juga tidak man-main. Setiap prose RM Filming 6 memerlukuan 120-200 orang crew dalam Running Man. Selain itu juga dibutuhkan Stand Cam 20-50 unit, VJ Cam 8-10 unit, Helly Cam 1 unit. Jadi bisa dibayangkan bahwa budget RM Filming per episodenya mencapai USD $100.000. (Hadi, http://storify.com/Runners_JKT/livetweet-pd-cho- transmedia?, 13 September 2013) Beberapa penghargaan yang didapat dari variety show Running Man menjadi bukti kesuksesan dan kepopuleran Running Man dalam mengembangkan program acara tersebut. Adapun beberapa penghargaan yang telah diperoleh oleh Running Man yaitu dapat dilihat pada bagan 1.2 berikut yang telah dirangkum peneliti dari beberapa sumber seperti www.soompi.com dan www.allkpop.com. Tabel 1.2 Penghargaan yang Diterima Running Man Tahun Penghargaan SBS Entertainment Award 2010 (30 Desember) - Netizen Most Popular Program: Running Man 2010 - Best TV Star Award: Kim Jong Kook - Variety Special Award: Song Ji Hyo - Best Newcomer Award – Variety Show: Song Joong Ki SBS Entertainment Award 2011 (30 Desember) - Grand Award (Daesang): Yoo Jae Suk - High Excellence Award for All Programs: Running Man - Excellence Award – Variety Show: Kim Jong Kook, Song Ji 2011 Hyo - Best Entertainer Award – Variety Show: Haha (Ha Dong Hoon) - Scriptwriter’s Award: Park Hyun Sook - Rookie Award – Variety Show: Lee Kwang Soo 7 SBS Entertainment Award 2012 (30 Desember) - Grand Award (Daesang): Yoo Jae Suk 2012 - Viewer’s Choice Program Award: Runnin Man - Viewer’s Choice Popularity Award: Yoo Jae Suk -
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