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La Responsabilidad Social Y Ambiental De La Industria Minera En El Perú

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La Responsabilidad Social Y Ambiental De La Industria Minera En El Perú Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad del Perú. Decana de América Dirección General de Estudios de Posgrado Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera, Metalúrgica y Geográfica Unidad de Posgrado “La responsabilidad social y ambiental de la industria minera en el Perú. Caso: Minera Barrick Misquichilca - Pierina” TESIS Para optar el Grado Académico de Magíster en Ciencias Ambientales con mención en Desarrollo Sustentable en Minería y Recursos Energéticos AUTOR Luis Alfredo ORIHUELA SALAZAR ASESOR Dr. Carlos Francisco CABRERA CARRANZA Lima, Perú 2019 Reconocimiento - No Comercial - Compartir Igual - Sin restricciones adicionales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Usted puede distribuir, remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir del documento original de modo no comercial, siempre y cuando se dé crédito al autor del documento y se licencien las nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones. No se permite aplicar términos legales o medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otros a hacer cualquier cosa que permita esta licencia. Referencia bibliográfica Orihuela, L. (2019). La responsabilidad social y ambiental de la industria minera en el Perú. Caso: Minera Barrick Misquichilca - Pierina. Tesis para optar el grado de Magíster en Ciencias Ambientales con mención en Desarrollo Sustentable en Minería y Recursos Energéticos. Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera, Metalúrgica y Geográfica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. HOJA DE METADATOS COMPLEMENTARIOS Código Orcid del autor (dato opcional): 0000-0003-3114-8318 Código Orcid del asesor o asesores (dato obligatorio): 0000-0002-3404-412x DNI del autor: 08004136 Grupo de investigación: NO PERTENECE Institución que financia parcial o totalmente la investigación: AUTOFINANCIADO Ubicación geográfica donde se desarrolló la investigación. Debe incluir localidades y coordenadas geográficas MINIA PIERINA DISTRITO JANGAS PROVINCIA HUARAZ COORDENADAS: 9º27´34´´S 77º35´16´´O Año o rango de años que la investigación abarcó: 05/12/2017 05/12/2019 ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE GENERAL ................................................................................................... ii ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ................................................................................................. v ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS .............................................................................................. vi DEDICATORIA........................................................................................................ vii AGRADECIMIENTO ............................................................................................. viii RESUMEN ................................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ x INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO I: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL ESTUDIO ............................................. 14 1.1. Descripción del problema ..................................................................................... 14 1.2. Formulación del problema .................................................................................... 16 1.2.1. Problema general ...................................................................................... 16 1.2.2. Problemas específicos .............................................................................. 16 1.3. Objetivos de la investigación ................................................................................ 16 1.3.1. Objetivo general ....................................................................................... 16 1.3.2. Objetivos específicos ................................................................................ 16 1.4. Justificación de la investigación ........................................................................... 17 1.4.1. Justificación teórica .................................................................................. 17 1.4.2. Justificación práctica ................................................................................ 17 1.4.3. Justificación social ................................................................................... 17 1.4.4. Justificación metodológica ....................................................................... 18 CAPÍTULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO ....................................................................... 19 2.1. Antecedentes ........................................................................................................ 19 2.1.1. Antecedentes internacionales .................................................................... 19 2.1.2. Antecedentes nacionales ........................................................................... 23 2.2. Bases Teóricas ..................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1. Responsabilidad social y ambiental de la industria minera ........................ 27 2.2.2. Programa Integral de Responsabilidad Social y Ambiental (PIRSA) ......... 45 2.2.3. Definiciones conceptuales ........................................................................ 58 CAPÍTULO III. HIPÓTESIS Y VARIABLES ........................................................ 60 3.1. Hipótesis general .................................................................................................. 60 ii 3.2. Hipótesis especificas ............................................................................................ 60 3.3. Identificación y operacionalización de variables ................................................... 60 CAPÍTULO IV. METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ............................ 62 4.1. Tipo de investigación ........................................................................................... 62 4.2. Unidad de análisis ................................................................................................ 63 4.3. Población de estudio............................................................................................. 64 4.4. Muestra ................................................................................................................ 65 4.5. Selección de muestra ............................................................................................ 66 4.6. Técnicas de recolección de datos .......................................................................... 67 4.7. Análisis e interpretación de la información ........................................................... 70 CAPÍTULO V. PRESENTACIÓN DE DATOS Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS ................................................................................................................................... 72 5.1. Resultados socioeconómicos de las comunidades de influencia de la UPP ............ 72 5.1.1. Características generales de las comunidades ........................................... 72 5.1.2. Nivel educativo de las comunidades ......................................................... 75 5.1.3. Características de las viviendas de las comunidades ................................. 76 5.1.4. Participación en el área económica de la familia ....................................... 78 5.2. Beneficios que aporta la empresa minera a las comunidades ................................. 81 5.3. Desarrollo sostenible de la empresa Barrick hacia las comunidades ...................... 82 5.4. Compromiso y bienestar con las comunidades ...................................................... 84 5.5. Entorno socio-económico en que comienza a operar la empresa Barrick ............... 85 5.6. Monitoreo socio-económico a las comunidades por la empresa Barrick ................ 87 5.7. Monitoreo y evaluación de Programa de Manejo Ambiental (PMA) ..................... 90 5.8. Modelo de evaluación de un programa de desarrollo social y ambiental ............... 95 CAPÍTULO VI. INTERPRETACIÓN Y DISCUSIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS. CONCLUSIONES Y SUGERENCIAS .................................................................. 101 6.1. Discusión de resultados ...................................................................................... 101 6.2. Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 108 6.3. Recomendaciones ............................................................................................... 109 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ................................................................... 110 ANEXOS ................................................................................................................. 117 8.1. Encuesta socioeconómica de la población en estudio .......................................... 117 8.2. Instrumento: Responsabilidad Social y Ambiental .............................................. 121 8.3. Prueba de confiabilidad Instrumento Responsabilidad Social y Ambiental.......... 124 8.4. Base de datos: Encuesta socioeconómica de la población ................................... 125 iii 8.5. Base de datos: Instrumento: Responsabilidad Social y Ambiental ....................... 128 8.6. Resultados encuesta socioeconómica del INEI ................................................... 133 8.7. Matriz de Consistencia……………………………………………………………137 iv ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Principales impactos de la actividad minera. ..........................................
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