100 Eleventh Avenue N EW YORK, NEW YORK

4/22/2010

Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option AE Senior Thesis Presentation | April 12, 2010 ©www.archpartners.com Faculty Consultant: Professor Thomas E. Boothby

1 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

General Information • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • 22-story residential building – Problem Statement • Location……………………….Manhattan’s West Chelsea District – Proposed Solutions • Size……………………………. 148, 000 sf • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab • Project Cost……………………Unreleased Design – Understanding Existing Design • The Players – Alternate System Design Results - Design Architect…….………Jean Nouvel • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design ©www.archpartners.com - Executive Architect………….Beyer Blinder Belle – - Structural Consultant……….DeSimone Consulting Engineers Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments ©www.archpartners.com ©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

2 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Architectural Design Concept • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Panelized curtain wall system – Problem Statement - 1650 windows uniquely sized and oriented – Proposed Solutions - BillldbdfdBottom six levels enclosed by a second facade • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design • Building as a “vision machine” – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Curved facade meant to contour the corner of 19th street and West Side Highway • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com ©www.archpartners.com ©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

3 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Existing Structural System • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Gravity System – Problem Statement - 9” thick two-way concrete flat plate floor system – Proposed Solutions - ChConcrete strength: • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab • Slab – 6 ksi Design • Columns/Wall – 7-8 ksi – Understanding Existing Design - Typical spans of 18’ to 23’ – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System • Lateral System Design - 12” core shear walls, in combination with seven “long” columns – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions Typical Floor Plan (Levels 7-21) • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

4 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Existing Structural System • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Gravity System – Problem Statement - 9” thick two-way concrete flat plate floor system – Proposed Solutions - ChConcrete strength: • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab • Slab – 6 ksi Design • Columns/Wall – 7-8 ksi – Understanding Existing Design - Typical spans of 18’ to 23’ – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System • Lateral System Design - 12” core shear walls, in combination with seven “long” columns – Understanding Existing Design 6th Level – Alternate System Design Results • Intricate blbalcony system foun d at Leve ls 1 t hroug h6h 6 • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth - Cantilevered columns at Level 2 allow for column free space at street-level atrium – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

5 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Problem Statement NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Existing System – Perimeter Slab Strip • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Spans increase to maximum of 34 feet – Problem Statement • Facade load of 500 lb/ft – Proposed Solutions • As a resu lt, s la b t hic kens from 9” (typ ica l) to 18. 5” a long 9. 5’-wide porti on of • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab perimeter Design – Understanding Existing Design • Advantages – Alternate System Design Results - Practical means of meeting strength and deflection requirements • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – • Disadvantages Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results Neggpgppative effect on exposed ceiling appearance - • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth - Decreased floor-to-ceiling height at perimeter – PT Perimeter Slab - Increased weight and material usage – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

6 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Problem Statement NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Existing Systems – 19th Floor Transfer System • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • 3 columns transfer to accommodate a building setback of 13’ – Problem Statement • Forces transferred via 18.5” transfer slab, reinforced with #10’s @ 6” o.c. E.W. – Proposed Solutions (dbflb)(top and bottom of slab) • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design • Advantages – Understanding Existing Design - Easily formed – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System • Disadvantages Design – Understanding Existing Design - Very heavily reinforced – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

Section A-A ©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

7 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Proposed Solutions NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Thickened Perimeter Slab Strip • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Post-tension 9.5’-wide slab strip – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • GlfDiGoal of Design • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab - Reduce 18.5” perimeter slab strip to typical thickness of 9” without significant Design increase in cost or schedule – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System 19th Floor Transfer Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design • Design alternate system using transfer beams in lieu of transfer slab – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth •Goal of Design – PT Perimeter Slab - Substantially reduce cost, weight and material usage of system without – Alternate Transfer System significant impact on schedule • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

8 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Understanding the Existing Design • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • 10” thickness required for flexural strength – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • CiiCritical lDfl Deflecti on li mi tati ons used db by structural consul tants • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab - ∆ ≤ 1” (for portions of slab supporting facade) Design - ∆ ≤ L/360 (immediate) – Understanding Existing Design - ∆ ≤ L/240 (total) – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System • Conclusion: deflection limitations drove existing design Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions Typical Floor without Thickened Perimeter • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

9 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Procedure • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Single design for typical floor of Levels 7 through 21 – Problem Statement • Levels 2 through 6 require individual attention – Proposed Solutions • DiDesign and anal liysis assumed curved peri meter to act as a si ngl e • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab equivalent frame Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

10 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Utilizing RAM Concept • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • A finite element method (FEM) analysis program for elevated slabs – Problem Statement - Linear elastic analysis – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab • FEM (as opposed to more traditional Equivalent Frame Method) advantageous in Design modeling highly irregular floors with no regular grid – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Links FEM analysis with concrete code by defining “design strips” • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

Design Strips defined ©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

11 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Results – Typical Floor • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design • (16) ½” Ø 7-wire strands – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System • P/A = 416 psi Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

12 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Results – Typical Floor • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

13 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Additional Considerations • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Tendons to be stressed from both ends – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • P/A > 300 psi • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design • Counteracting curved tendons desire to “straighten out” – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

14 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Results – Lower Floors • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Post-tensioned perimeter design complicated by balcony system – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • TkiTwo key issues: • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab (1) Proximity of neighboring buildings Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com 6th Floor Plan Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

15 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Results – Lower Floors • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Post-tensioned perimeter design complicated by balcony system – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • TkiTwo key issues: • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Existing (1) Proximity of neighboring buildings Design (2) Balcony slab drops – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design PT 9” slab superimposed on existing – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

16 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth II: Transfer System Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Procedure • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • (5) beams necessary to transfer Columns 30, 31 & 32 – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • DiDesign must sat if(3)isfy (3) genera l requ irements: • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab (1) Strength……………………….Flexure, Shear, Torsion Design (2) Serviceability………………….Deflection – Understanding Existing Design (3) Architectural………………….Beam depth limited to 18.5” – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System • Consideration of Torsion Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

17 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth II: Transfer System Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Results • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

18 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth II: Transfer System Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

19 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Depth II: Transfer System Design NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Design Results • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design • Beam 1: ∆total = 2.74” – Alternate System Design Results ∆allowable = L/240 = 1.58” • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth • Beam 3: Section insufficient for combination – PT Perimeter Slab of shear and torsion (ACI 318 Eq. 11-19) – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

©www.arte-factory.com Tyler E. Graybill | Structural Option

20 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Breadth Studies NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Breadth Topics • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Construction Management – Problem Statement -Importance Î help determine success of alternate designs – Proposed Solutions • Material Usage • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab • Cost Design • Impact on Schedule – Understanding Existing Design RSMeans Building – Alternate System Design Results Construction Cost Data • Structural Depth II: Transfer System 2009 • Shading Design -Study of exterior shading strategy – Understanding Existing Design - Not presented – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

21 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Construction Management Breadth NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Perimeter Slab Design – Material Usage / Cost • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Superstructure over 5% lighter – Problem Statement • Over $180,000 in savings – Proposed Solutions - $12,000 per floor (roughly 7% of existing floor cost) • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design – • High labor cost of installing tendons in NYC overcome Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System by significant material reduction Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

22 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Construction Management Breadth NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Perimeter Slab Design – Impact on Schedule • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Existing Design Î 2-day cycle (typical floors) – Problem Statement • Levels 7 through 21 erected in 30 days – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design • PT Design Î 3-day cycle – Existing Design – 2 day cycle • Understanding Existing Design Tendon placement – Alternate System Design Results - requires additional crew • Structural Depth II: Transfer System - (1) additional day per floor Design • Levels 7 through 21 erected in 48 days – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab PT Design – 3 day cycle – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

23 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Construction Management Breadth NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Transfer System Design – Material Usage / Cost • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Superstructure 0.3% lighter – Problem Statement • $15,000 in savings – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design • Increased cost of beam formwork counteracts savings in – Understanding Existing Design – material Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

24 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Construction Management Breadth NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Transfer System Design – Impact on Schedule • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal • Using RS Means output data: – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • Existing Design Î 3 days • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab - 2 days to place rebar Design - 1 day for concrete pouring/finishing – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Alternate Design Î 4.5 days • Structural Depth II: Transfer System - (1) additional day for formwork Design - (0.5) additional days for rebar placement – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

25 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Overall Summary & Conclusions NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Perimeter Slab Design • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design • Design Goals Revisited: – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System - Thickness successfully reduced to 9” Design – Understanding Existing Design - Cost of design did not increase – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth - Impact on schedule bearable considering improvements – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions Conclusion: • Acknowledgements Design is a satisfactory solution that improves the interior space • Questions & Comments

26 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Overall Summary & Conclusions NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Transfer System Design • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design • Design Goals Revisited: – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System - Design requirements could not be met Design – Understanding Existing Design - Insignificant savings in material, cost and weight – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth - Impact on schedule insignificant – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions Conclusion: • Acknowledgements Even if design requirements could be satisfied, disadvantages far outweigh advantages • Questions & Comments

27 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Overall Summary & Conclusions NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Acknowledgements • Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal DeSimone Consulting Engineers – Problem Statement - Chris Cerino – Proposed Solutions - Ma tthieu PlPeuler • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab -Brian Byrnes Design – Understanding Existing Design Holbert Apple Associates, Inc. – Alternate System Design Results - Richard Apple • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design The Pennsylvania State University – Understanding Existing Design - Professor Thomas Boothby – Alternate System Design Results - AiPfMKiAssociate Professor M. Kevin PfiParfitt • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth - Associate Professor Robert Holland – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments

28 4/22/2010

100 Eleventh Avenue Questions & Comments NEW YORK, NEW YORK PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Introduction to 100 Eleventh Avenue • Proposal – Problem Statement – Proposed Solutions • SlhTSlbStructural Depth I: PT Perimeter Slab Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Structural Depth II: Transfer System Design – Understanding Existing Design – Alternate System Design Results • Cons truc tion Managemen t Breadth – PT Perimeter Slab – Alternate Transfer System • Conclusions ©www.archpartners.com • Acknowledgements • Questions & Comments