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PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM FOR SMALL-SCALE CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES (F-CDM-SSC-PDD) Version 04.1
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT (PDD)
Title of the project activity BQS improved cookstoves for Burundi restaurants Version number of the PDD 1.4 Completion date of the PDD 05/03/2014 Project participant(s) Burundi Quality Stoves S.A. Ecoinvest Carbon SA Host Party(ies) Burundi Sectoral scope(s) and selected methodology(ies) 1. Energy industries (renewable/ non- renewable sources) AMS-I.E – “Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user ” – Version 05.0 Estimated amount of annual average GHG 98,105 tCO eq emission reductions 2
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SECTION A. Description of project activity A.1. Purpose and general description of project activity
Burundi Quality Stoves (BQS) is developing an improved cookstoves project for restaurants 1 of Burundi. The proposed small scale CDM project activity aims at:
1. Distributing institutional improved cookstoves (ICS) in restaurants of Burundi to replace currently used traditional open fire three-stone system (and traditional stoves); and 2. Switching from non-renewable wood fuel to a sustainable energy supply: briquettes made of renewable biomass waste.
Compared to the currently used three-stone fires or traditional stoves, the advanced technology of ICS allows quicker heating-up, longer cooking and heat retaining with less wood-fuel as well as lower combustion fumes. It results in saving wood-fuel and associated expenses.
Along with the diffusion of such a stove to replace currently inefficient cooking systems, a renewable biomass supply-chain will be set up, by sourcing unutilized biomass residues to produce renewable biomass briquettes and market it to the participating restaurants in replacement of their non-renewable wood fuel. BQS will ensure a competitive and attractive price for using briquettes together with improved cook stoves in order to give incentives to the restaurants to switch 100% from the previous costly non- renewable woodfuel to the innovative briquettes made of renewable biomass wastes. 2 BQS will ensure through a sale agreement and robust supply strategy that no shortage of briquettes will appear.
The distribution of up to two thousand ICS to restaurants supplied with renewable biomass briquettes, and the associated awareness and training campaigns will help halving these commercial entities’ fuel use 3 and turning it 100% renewable. Thus the project will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the use of non-renewable biomass within the country, therefore slowing down deforestation.
The expected annual amount of greenhouse gas reductions thanks to the project activity averages 98,105 tCO 2 eq and the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions reductions for the chosen crediting period is 686,735 tCO 2 eq. The type of GHG reduced is CO 2 emissions from substitution of fossil fuel consumption by similar consumers, equivalent to the non-renewable woody biomass saved by the project activity.
Baseline scenario According to the World Bank, 172,000 ha (7% of land area) are forested in Burundi in 2010. In total, between 1990 and 2010, this country lost 40.5% of its forest cover or around 117,000 ha (World.DataBank, 2010). In the current situation, wood products represent over 97% of the energy balance of the sub-region of the Great Lakes (i.e Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda) (Republic of Burundi. Ministry of Energy and Mines, 2011, January). The imbalance between the supply and demand for wood fuel is increasing at an alarming rate. According to IFDC, wood fuel demand is more than three times local supply capacity (IFDC, 2010).
1 One restaurant should be understood as any commercial entities preparing meals. Bars and Hostels are covered under the proposed project and assimilated as restaurants. 2 Thanks to ICS cook stoves, BQS expect to replace 1 stere of wood by in average 20 kg of briquettes (based on experiences done in police camp (an average of 22 kg of briquettes per stere) and schools (an average of 18 kg of briquettes per stere) depending on Lower Heating Value of raw material used for the briquettes (indicative information is 3,300 kcal/kg briquettes for briquettes made of sugar mill wastes against 4,800 kcal/kg briquettes for briquettes made of pine needles). The report of test has been provided to DOE. Actually, one stere of wood is sold at about 15,000 FBU and one bag of charcoal of 23 kg at 30,000 FBU whereas BQS plans to sell 1 kg of briquettes at 378 FBU (indicative price); satisfying the same thermal energy need, will thus cost from two to ten times less than in baseline situation according to one-site visit interviews. 3 Experiments to estimate the approximate renewable briquettes consumption per cookstove have been conducted and recorded, evidencing savings up to 90% in quantity and 50% time. Communities will save fuel and time.
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The baseline scenario is the scenario existing prior to the implementation of the project activity. It is the continuation of the current situation i.e. the use of non-renewable wood fuel in traditional inefficient cookstoves by the restaurants of Burundi. Currently the common practice for cooking consists essentially of using traditional open fire (3-stone) system and traditional stoves fired by wood fuel which are still dominant in most restaurants. These stoves are notoriously wasteful, with an efficiency level of 10-15% (EAC, 2008).
Other drawbacks of traditional biomass stoves include the diffusion of heat during windy conditions, the difficulty of controlling the fire, users’ exposure to heat and smoke as well as fire hazards. In spite of this, traditional stoves are extensively used by restaurants, partly because of lack of awareness of the existence and advantages of improved biomass energy technologies and partly due to lack of access to these technologies. Besides, non-renewable wood fuel consumption, despites its ever increasing scarcity, damage to the environment and price, remains by far the main energy source purchased by restaurants by lack of alternatives. Sectoral scope and project type The technology to be implemented by the Project activity falls into Sectoral Scope 1: Energy Industries (renewable sources), as it concerns the introduction of improved cooking devices supplied with renewable biomass sources to provide thermal energy to the restaurants and avoid consumption of non-renewable biomass. The Project activity concerns the provision of briquettes made of renewable biomass waste to restaurants for cooking activities together with the introduction of improved cooking devices supplied with renewable biomass briquettes to provide thermal energy to the restaurants, consequently avoiding consumption of non-renewable wood fuel. It falls into Type (I) project activities: renewable energy project activities with a maximum output capacity equivalent to up to 15 megawatts (or an appropriate equivalent). Moreover, the SSC-CDM project falls into Category (C) project activities: thermal energy for the user. The demonstration that the project is eligible as a small scale activity is done in section B.2.
Output capacity of Equivalent output capacity Project type Project category renewable equipment of renewable equipment
Type (I): Renewable C. Thermal energy 15 MW 45 MW 4 energy projects for the user th
Contribution to sustainable development In addition to greenhouse gas emissions reductions, the project participants are confident that the proposed project activity will have the following significant impacts on Republic of Burundi’s sustainable development. - Socio-economical improvements The project activity, by facilitating access to improved cooking technology, will reduce restaurants’ expenses from non-renewable biomass purchase, hence improving their value creation. Moreover the project activity will foster employment in local communities throughout its lifecycle. It will provide direct employment opportunities for local people (improved cookstoves supply chain and distribution channels, renewable biomass supply chain and distribution channels, marketing campaign).
4 Clean Development Mechanism Project Standard (Version 5.0), Section 8.2. project activity eligibility, §81. (a) & 82. (c)
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- Health benefits Health hazards from combustion gases breathing and insufficient cooking time are likely to decrease. Respiratory diseases (infections, lung cancer, and asthma) due to carbon monoxide and other harmful particles related to incomplete and/or indoor solid fuels combustion rank among the worst threats to women and children’s life in poor developing countries, along with malnutrition, HIV/AIDS and lack of clean water and adequate sanitation. By reducing indoor air pollution, ICS reduce the risk of respiratory diseases, especially for women and children (infections, lung cancer and asthma due to carbon monoxide and other harmful particles rank among the worst threats to women and children’s life in poor developing countries – more than 1.5 million deaths a year) (Rob Bailis, 2009; World-Health-Organisation, 2006). - Environmental sustainability The project will promote and stimulate awareness about renewable biomass benefits, the promotion of improved cooking stoves and forest conservation necessity, ahead of the Government’s vision (EUEI, 2011). - Technological benefits The project will introduce better cooking technologies in restaurants, at the same time as developing the production of briquetting from renewable biomass. Demonstration and training programs will be carried out for ensuring good implementation of the project and transfer of technology. Therefore, the project is in compliance with the national criteria for sustainable development.
A.2. Location of project activity A.2.1. Host Party(ies)
The Republic of Burundi is the host country 5.
A.2.2. Region/State/Province etc.
All provinces, starting by Bujumbura province.
A.2.3. City/Town/Community etc.
All major urban centres, starting by Bujumbura.
A.2.4. Physical/ Geographical location
The project is to take place in restaurants in Burundi urban centres, starting with Bujumbura city. As a reference, Bujumbura city centre’s geo-coordinates are 3°22'34'' S and 29°21'36'' E (cf -3.3761, 29.3600). The country-wide geographical area corresponds to the area where renewable biomass will be distributed and used in replacement of the former non-renewable woodfuel in ICS (Figure 1).
5 th Burundi has ratified the Kyoto Protocol on October 18 2001 (UNFCCC, 2012). According to the UNFCCC secretariat, the Burundi DNA Focal Point to the UNFCCC is the Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning, in Bujumbura (UNFCCC-DNA, 2012).
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Figure 1: Area of implementation of the project activity.
The targeted restaurants are scattered throughout the country. The indicative number of participating restaurants 6 per communes of Bujumbura city and second urban centres is given in Table below.
Table 1: Indicative Number of participating restaurants BUJUMBURA MAIRIE
COMMUNES i Population 2008 (pers) Indicative Number of participating Restaurants BUTERERE 1 28,371 75 BUYENZI 2 47,363 103 BWIZA 3 37,688 59 CIBITOKE 4 50,899 55 GIHOSHA 5 39,503 80 KAMENGE 6 50,070 89 KANYOSHA 7 59,181 97 KINAMA 8 49,776 45 KININDO 9 21,920 64 MUSAGA 10 43,735 18 NGAGARA 11 30,296 59 NYAKABIGA 12 20,883 35
6 The majority of participating restaurants will be located in Bujumbura city; however other restaurants from secondary urban centers such as Rumonge, Gitega, Ngozi, Kirundo, Kayanza etc. are targeted as well. All participating restaurant are not precisely identified at the time of project validation.
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ROHERO 13 17,481 34 Secondary urban centers i Population 2008 (pers) Indicative Number of participating Restaurants GITEGA 1 155,005 253 NGOZI 2 120,157 196 KIRUNDO 3 93,110 152 KAYANZA 4 97,252 159 RUMONGE 5 145,074 237
The project proponents have identified several renewable biomass resources 7 throughout the country. The renewable biomass is from crop residues (like bagasse and coffee husks), forest litter (like pine needles) and timber residues (like sawmill residue).
BQS plans to operate three briquetting plants across the country, respectively in the vicinity of Bujumbura (West), Gitega (center) and Rutana (South-East), so as to adequately gather and process the surrounding biomass resources and supply the relevant urban centres’ restaurants with minimal transportation. The first and second plant will operate in Bujumbura and Gitega respectively with supplies comprising coffee husks and pinus biomass residues, while the third one will operate in Rutana, supplied with sugar cane bagasse surplus from SOSUMO, the national sugar cane company.
A.3. Technologies and/or measures
In the baseline scenario (identical to the scenario existing prior to the implementation of the project activity), the prevailing technology in operation is the basic three stones cookstoves or traditional stoves broadly used in most Central African’s urban settlements, fuelled by non-renewable woodfuel.
Three stone cooking fires and traditional stoves are the cheapest methods of cooking. However, such practise also comes with several issues: - Fuel is wasted, as heat is allowed to escape into the open air; - The inhalation of smoke causes health problems; - The use of an open fire creates a risk of burns and scalds.
Under the current scenario, cookstoves are fuelled by non-renewable biomass, i.e. batch deliveries of firewood and charcoal bags extracted from forest areas.
Technology to be implemented under the project activity The list of the facilities, systems and equipment that will be installed and/or modified by the project activity includes: - The distribution at an affordable price of up to two thousand 8 Institutional Cookstoves to restaurants identified as participating customers to the proposed project; - The setting up of a renewable briquettes supply chain from biomass residues.
1. The Institutional Improved Cookstoves The indicative stove model likely to be disseminated is a Turkish-manufactured robust design (Figure 2) available in medium (48 cm diameter) and large sizes (78 cm). Compared to the currently used traditional
7 Renewable resource should be understood as per the definition provided in CDM-EB 23, Annex 18 8 According to project proponent knowledge and expectations, about two thousand appliances should be distributed to restaurants across the country’s urban centres. However it is indicative information as the exact number of Institutional cookstoves to be distributed is not known at the time of project validation.
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Figure 2: Improved Institutional cookstove with briquettes
Improved cookstoves are designed by the Turkish company SOBAH and manufacturer specifications are provided to the DOE. . More information related to the Procedure to determine the useful power of ICS is provided in Appendix 4.
Table 2: SOBAH’s institutional improved cookstoves specifications Medium ICS Large ICS 9 Diameter 48 cm 78 cm Weight 46 kg (stove in box) 115 kg (stove in box)
Cooking power output 2.49 kW th 4.82 kW th Adoption traditional cooking styles and posture Lifetime 5 years warranty Age at the time of implementation new
Supply chain of briquettes made of renewable biomass wastes The project consists in switching 100% of the fuel consumption of the restaurants of Burundi from non- renewable biomass consumption for thermal applications into renewable sources. This will be possible thanks to the innovative introduction of briquettes made of renewable biomass wastes.
Figure 3: Briquettes made of renewable biomass wastes
9 The distribution between large and medium is not known at the time of project validation
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Three production sites (Bujumbura, Rutana and Gitega) are expected to be set up for the supply of all restaurants of Burundi with briquetting machines Jumbo 90 10 . The current supply is ensured by local wood-fuel suppliers that will be included in supplying strategy of BQS. Moreover, institutes of microfinance SOLESC and COPEC will participate for ICS and briquettes distribution and monitoring.
How the technologies and know-how to be used are transferred to the host country
The technology and know-how being applied by the SSC-CDM project is environmentally safe and sound since it will positively curb deforestation currently endangering natural forests by promoting sane and sustainable practices in the targeted areas of Burundi. It is made possible by highly efficient stoves and pioneer briquetting machines technology transfer to the Host party under the benefits of the Clean Development Mechanism.
For the SSC-CDM project, before renewable biomass fired ICS and renewable biomass distribution, a campaign of sensitization on the drawbacks and dangers to the ecosystem and populations using traditional cookstoves will be conducted. Besides distribution, after-sale services will comprise a suitable training, follow-up and maintenance program for users in order to ensure that the renewable biomass fired ICS are properly and durably used.
As indicative information the project is expected to produce 53,736 tonnes of briquettes per year corresponding to the consumption of 2,042 MWh per year emitting 3,185 tonnes of carbon dioxide. For detail calculation, please refer to section B.6.3.
A.4. Parties and project participants
Private and/or public Indicate if the Party involved Party involved entity(ies) project participants wishes to be considered as (host) indicates a host Party (as applicable) project participant (Yes/No) Burundi (host) Burundi Quality Stoves S.A. No Switzerland Ecoinvest Carbon SA No
The project activity will be developed by Burundi Quality Stoves S.A., hereafter referred to as BQS. BQS is a Bujumbura-based private entity aimed at undertaking the CDM project. In addition to the proposed project, BQS is involved in a Programme of Activities aiming at distributing ICS to households of Burundi, including the supply of renewable biomass from sustainable forests management and briquettes production.
A.5. Public funding of project activity
The project activity does not involve any public funding according to the OECD definitions for Official Development Assistance (ODA)11 .
10 The details description and technical specification of briquetting machines are put in appendix 4 as they are not included within the project boundaries because each production site will supply independently the closest cities’s restaurants and not any production site will be dedicated specifically to one city’s restaurants. Therefore, emissions due to electricity consumption from the briquetting machines will be accounted as leakage emissions. 11 Declaration of non-use of ODA available for the DOE
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A.6. Debundling for project activity
According to the Clean Development Mechanism Project Standard (Version 5.0, §87-88): “Project participants shall demonstrate that the proposed small-scale CDM project activity is not a debundled component of a large-scale project activity. Project participants shall follow the applicable provisions in the “Guidelines on assessment of debundling for SSC project activities”.
As per the “Guidelines on assessment of debundling for SSC project activities” [EB 54, Annex 13 (Version 03), §7]: “If each of the independent subsystems/measures (e.g., biogas digester, residential solar energy systems, kerosene or incandescent lighting replacements) included in one or more CDM project activities is no greater than 1% of the small-scale thresholds defined by the applied methodology and the subsystems/measures are indicated in the PDDs to be each implemented at or in multiple locations (e.g., installed at or in multiple homes) then these CDM project activities are exempted from performing a de-bundling check, i.e., considered as being not a de-bundled component of a large scale activity”.
As described in section A.1 the project activity falls into Type (I) project activities: renewable energy project activities with a maximum output capacity equivalent to up to 15 megawatts (or an appropriate equivalent). Type (I) methodology small-scale threshold is 45 MW th , of which 1% is 450 kW th . Each ICS 12 included in this proposed Project activity will not result in output capacity larger than 450 kW th as indicated in Table 2. Besides, the ICS will be each implemented in multiple locations (multiple restaurants sites) across the country. Therefore, the proposed Project activity is exempted from performing a de-bundling check, i.e., considered as being not a de-bundled component of a large scale activity.
SECTION B. Application of selected approved baseline and monitoring methodology B.1. Reference of methodology
The approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the project activity is Version 05 of AMS- I.E – “Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user ”, EB 68.
The application of AMS-I.E methodology includes references to the following guidelines and tools: General guidelines for SSC CDM methodologies (Version 20.0, EB 76) Guidelines on the demonstration of additionality of small-scale project activities (Version 09.0, EB 68) General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities (Attachment C to Appendix B of 4/CMP.1 Annex II – Version 03.0, EB47 Annex 28) Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption (Version 01, EB39 Annex 7) Guidelines on assessment of debundling for SSC project activities (Version 03.0, EB 54 Annex 13)
B.2. Project activity eligibility
1. AMS-I.E category comprises activities to displace the use of non-renewable biomass by introducing renewable energy technologies, which is precisely the purpose of the project activity (the supply of renewable biomass-briquettes to ICS in restaurants); therefore category I.E is deemed adequate.
2. It is also proven that non-renewable biomass has been used since 31 December 1989:
12 ICS that will be distributed have been tested with an output capacity of 2.49 kW th for medium size ICS and 4.82 kW th for large size ICS such as indicated in table 2.
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Indicator Evidence Survey results, national or local statistics, In total, between 1990 and 2010, Burundi lost 40.5% of studies, maps or other sources of information, its forest cover or around 117,000 ha (World.DataBank, such as remote-sensing data, that show that 2010). carbon stocks are depleting in the project area Table 3: Anteriority of non-renewable biomass consumption
Figure 4: Change in forest cover in Burundi between 1990 and 2010
Moreover, it qualifies as a small-scale project activity as it will remain under the limits of small-scale project activity types during every year of the crediting period. Indeed, the appropriate capacity limit for Type I projects is 45 MW th , whereas each ICS thermal output is given at 4.82 kW according to certified 13 14 tests , hence a total effective output of 2,000 appliances x 4.82 kW th = 9.64 MWth < 45 MW th .
B.3. Project boundary
As per the methodology AMS-I.E, the project boundary is the physical, geographical site of the use of biomass. Therefore, it encompasses all the restaurants of Burundi urban centres targeted by the project activity, who will consume the renewable biomass, enabled by the implementation of the improved cookstoves. Only the restaurants using the cookstoves introduced by the project and the renewable biomass supplied by the project are included in the project boundaries, therefore neither restaurants using project’s stove without project’s renewable biomass nor restaurants using project’s renewable biomass without project’s cookstoves will be part of it.
The briquetting machines are not included within the project’s boundaries and will rather be accounted as leakage emissions due to the fact that each production site will supply independently the closest cities where participating restaurants are located but not only because other communities such as schools and police camps and prisons may be supplied as well by the same production sites. Moreover, not any production site will be dedicated specifically to one city’s restaurants.
13 Conservative assumption based on the maximum power output between the medium and large stove models: see test protocol and results have been provided to the DOE. 14 According to project proponent experience and expectations, no more thantwo thousand ICSs should be distributed. However it is indicative information as the distribution between large and medium as well as the exact number of Institutional cookstove distributed is not known at the time of project validation.
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The main emission sources and type of GHGs in the project boundary are CO 2 emissions from substitution of fossil fuel consumption by similar consumers, equivalent to the non-renewable woody biomass saved by the project activity, as listed in the table below:
Table 4: Gases included in the boundary related to the project activity Source Gas Included? Justification / Explanation CO emissions from 2 CO 2 YES Main emission source. consumption of non- renewable woody CH 4 biomass in low- Minor emission source (neglected for efficiency three-stone NO Baseline Baseline N O simplification). fires and traditional cook 2 stoves
CO 2 emissions from CO 2 YES Main emission source. consumption of baseline CH 4 woodfuel in improved Minor emission source (neglected for NO cook stoves distributed simplification). by the project activity N2O
CO 2 The renewable biomass used is all from CO emissions from shift 2 NO residue/waste, this emission source is not of pre-project activity CH 4 applicable to this project. N2O Project Activity Project Activity
CO 2 CO 2 emissions from The renewable biomass used is all from biomass generation/ CH NO residue/waste, this emission source is not cultivation 4 applicable to this project. N2O
CO 2 emissions from CO 2 YES Main emission source. electricity consumption CH 4 Minor emission source (neglected for for briquettes production NO N2O simplification). CO 2 emissions from Taking into consideration that: transportation of biomass the average distance of collection of renewable biomass for the project activity is shorter than the mean distance of origin of previously used biomass in the baseline and; for the proposed project, the
residues will never be transported over a distance CO 2 NO more than 200 km thus can be neglected. Moreover, the average distance of transportation of renewable briquettes from briquetting plants to Leakage restaurants is shorter than the baseline situation where non-renewable woody biomass was transported over a longer distances from isolated rural production site thus can be neglected.
CH 4 Minor emission source (neglected for NO simplification). N O 2
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NO The Project activity’s biomass supply involves agro- CO 2 emissions from CO 2 industrial wastes (sugar cane wastes, sawmills competing use of biomass residues…) which are widely available in the region and currently burnt without energy purpose, CH 4 therefore this source of leakage can be neglected. The biomass used in the project activity could not be used for other purposes in the absence of the project.
N2O
Figure 5: Project boundary
B.4. Establishment and description of baseline scenario
Baseline scenario description
The baseline scenario is the same as the scenario existing prior to the implementation of the project activity, although according to methodology AMS-I.E: It is assumed that in the absence of the project activity, the baseline scenario would be the use of fossil fuels for meeting similar thermal energy needs.
Study from university’s laboratory CRUEA have highlighted a strong prevailing practice of cooking with traditional low efficiency open stoves supplied with non-renewable woodfuel in the vast majority of restaurants of Burundi urban centers, resulting in severe deforestation and higher emissions than the proposed CDM project activity. The historical baseline description for technologies and measures has been provided in section A.3.
B.5. Demonstration of additionality
Additionality
As per Annex 27 EB68 “Guidelines on the demonstration of additionality of small-scale project activities” Version 09.0 §2:
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“Documentation of barriers is not required for the positive list of technologies and project activity types that are defined as automatically additional for project sizes up to and including the small-scale CDM thresholds (e.g. installed capacity up to 15 MW). The positive list comprises of:[…]
(c) Project activities solely composed of isolated units where the users of the technology/measure are households or communities or Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and where the size of each unit is no larger than 5% of the small-scale CDM thresholds; […].
The proposed project comply with the requirements criteria under option (c) of the positive list. The proposed project is solely composed of isolated units (Improved Cookstoves) where the users of the technology are restaurants where the size of each unit is no larger than 5% of the small-scale CDM- thresholds. Under these conditions, each appliance shall result in less than 2.25 MWh th capacity.
Therefore, the conditions are sufficient for the proposed project to be automatically additional.
Prior Consideration of the CDM
According to the Guidelines on the Clean development mechanism project cycle procedure (Version 05.0), for project activities with a start date from 2 August 2008 the project participant must inform a Host Party designated national authority (DNA) and the UNFCCC secretariat in writing of the commencement of the project activity and of their intention to seek CDM status within six months of the project activity start date.
As shown in Table below, the project activity fulfils the requirement of prior consideration of the CDM as both UNFCCC and the DNA of Burundi have been informed of the intention of BQS to undertake the proposed project activity under the CDM framework. The notification has been done within six months of the project starting date as per UNFCCC requirement.
Table 5 : Project timeline and early consideration and continuation of actions to secure CDM . Project milestones Date Comments/ Evidence Notification to host country DNA 28 th February 2011 No objection letter from the DNA Local Stakeholders Consultation 13th January 2012 Press article from local newspaper Notification to the UNFCCC secretariat 5th March 2012 UNFCCC confirmation of receipt 1 st ERPA signing with carbon credit 4th April 2012 ERPA buyer Pilot container purchase (starting date) 25 th June 2012 ICS Order / Letter of Credit Start of CDM validation 23 th October 2012 GSC upload by the DOE 2 nd ERPA signing with carbon credit 9 January 2014 Binding term sheet buyer
B.6. Emission reductions B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices
The procedures in the approved project category to calculate project emissions, baseline emissions, leakage emissions and emission reductions are applied to the proposed project activity as follows.
Emissions reductions of the proposed project activity will be calculated as:
= * * * (1) ER y By f NRB ,y NCV biomass EF projected _ fossilfuel
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Where:
ER y Emission reductions during the year y in tCO 2e By Quantity of woody biomass that is substituted or displaced in tonnes fNRB,y Fraction of woody biomass used in the absence of the project activity in year y that can be established as non-renewable biomass using survey methods or government data or approved default country specific fraction of non-renewable 15 woody biomass (f NRB ) values available on the CDM website NCV biomass Net calorific value of the non-renewable woody biomass that is substituted (IPCC default for wood fuel, 0.015 TJ/tonne) EF projected_fossilfuel Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable woody biomass by similar consumers. Use a value of 81.6 tCO 2/TJ. Determination of By:
By is determined as per option (a) approach:
(a) Calculated as the product of the number of appliances 16 multiplied by the estimate of average annual consumption of woody biomass substituted per appliance (tonnes/year); This can be derived from historical data or estimated using survey methods.
By will be determined based on the average annual consumption of substituted woody biomass per appliance in the year y (Msubstituted biomass,y ) in tonnes/y times the number of ICS still operating or replaced by an equivalent in service appliance under the project activity in year y discounted by a factor accounting for leakages as follows:
(2) B = Leakage ∗ N _ , ∗ M _ , Where: By Quantity of woody biomass that is substituted or displaced in tonnes in year y Leakage adj Net to gross adjustment factor to account for leakages Noperating_restaurant,y Number of restaurant still operating or where ICS has been replaced by an equivalent in service appliance under the project activity in year y Mbiomass_substituted,y Average annual consumption of substituted woody biomass per appliance (tonnes/year)
The term Noperating_restaurant,y is determined as follows :
(3) N _ , = N , ∗ p _ , Where:
Noperating_restaurant,y Number of restaurant still operating or where ICS has been replaced by an equivalent in service appliance under the project activity in year y Nrestaurant,y Total number of participating restaurant in year y pop restaurant,y Proportion of restaurants still operating ICS or having replaced their ICS by an equivalent in service one under similar conditions under the project activity in year y.
15 Default values endorsed by designated national authorities and approved by the Board are available at
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Determination of Total number of participating restaurant in year y (Nrestaurant,y ) Baseline survey 17 provides with the number of participating restaurants for the communes of Buterere, Buyenzi, Bwiza, Cibitoke, Gihosha, Kamenge, Kinama, Kinindo, Musaga, Ngagara, Nyakabiga and Rohero displayed in the table below. The project targets restaurants of all communes of Bujumbura Mairie including Kanyosha and secondary urban centres where data are not available at the time of validation therefore they are estimated ex-ante based on the number of restaurants per capita calculated by dividing the number of restaurants identified in the communes included in the baseline survey 18 by global population of these communes in 2008 (République.du.Burundi, 2008). A value of 0.001636 restaurants per person is used.
BUJUMBURA MAIRIE Number of participating COMMUNES i Population 2008 (pers) Restaurants BUTERERE 1 28,371 75 BUYENZI 2 47,363 103 BWIZA 3 37,688 59 CIBITOKE 4 50,899 55 GIHOSHA 5 39,503 80 KAMENGE 6 50,070 89 KANYOSHA 7 - - KINAMA 8 49,776 45 KININDO 9 21,920 64 MUSAGA 10 43,735 18 NGAGARA 11 30,296 59 NYAKABIGA 12 20,883 35 ROHERO 13 17,481 34 437,985 716 Total Restaurant per person in Number of restaurants per capita 716/437,985 = 0.001635 Urban Centres of Burundi
To estimate the number of participating restaurant in the commune of Kanyosha and the secondary urban centers of Gitega, Ngozi, Kirundo, Kayanza and Rumonge the population of these communes is multiplied by the number of restaurants per capita. Estimated number of participating restaurants is provided in table below.
17 Staff from BQS has collected data from registries of each city hall to calculate the number of registered restaurant per urban center. Excel sheet gathering data has been provided to the DOE. 18 Communes of Buterere, Buyenzi, Bwiza, Cibitoke, Gihosha, Kamenge, Kinama, Kinindo, Musaga, Ngagara, Nyakabiga and Rohero.
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Number of participating COMMUNES Population 2008 (pers) Restaurants KANYOSHA 59,181 253 GITEGA 155,005 103 NGOZI 120,157 196 KIRUNDO 93,110 152 KAYANZA 97,252 159 RUMONGE 145,074 237
The term Mbiomass_substututed,y is determined as follows: (4) M _ , = M , ∗ (1 − p _ , ) Where: Mbiomass_substituted,y Average annual consumption of substituted woody biomass per appliance in year y (tonnes/year) Mbiomass,y Estimate of average annual consumption of woody biomass per appliance in baseline (tonnes/year) presidual_NRB,y Proportion of residual use of baseline wood-fuels in year y
The term M biomass,y is determined as follows: (5) M , = M _ _ ∗ N _ , Where: Mbiomass,y Estimate of average annual consumption of woody biomass per appliance in baseline (tonnes/year) Mbiomass_hist_rmeal Average historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent per meal (Tonnes of wood equivalent/meal) Nmeals_restaurant,y Average number of meals prepared per restaurant in the year y (meals/y)
Historical average consumption of woody biomass per meal prepared by restaurants in the absence of the project activity (M biomass_hist_meal )
Baseline survey provides the following historical data: • The historical wood fuel (in stere 19 /day) and charcoal (in bags 20 /day) consumption of 99 restaurants present in two communes of Bujumbura 21 during survey period in the year 2012; • Average historical number of meals prepared per each of the 99 restaurants surveyed for the two communes surveyed.
19 The values are provided in stere per year. 1 stere of wood fuel is equivalent to 1 cubic meter. 20 One bag of charcoal weights 23 kg. 21 Buyenzi and Kamenge
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Conversion of data into woodfuel equivalent:
• Conversion from stere of woodfuel to mass of woodfuel equivalent:
A conservative factor of 350 kg/stere is used for converting stere into mass of woodfuel (GTZ-HERA, 2012).
• Conversion from bags of charcoal to mass of woodfuel equivalent:
A default value of 6 is applied according to recommendation of the IPCC Guidelines (IPCC 1996- Reference Manual, Chapter 1, Energy, p 1.45) because the production of charcoal is not standardized and suitable local data for estimating the amount of carbon released through charcoal production and consumption are not available. One bag weights 23 Kg 22 of charcoal.
Conversion from daily basis into yearly basis:
Surveys data are provided on a daily basis. Data are multiplied by 365 days in order to convert into yearly basis.
Determination of average historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent per meal distributed by restaurants (Mbiomass_hist_meal )
The average historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent per meal distributed by restaurants in 2012 is determined by dividing the overall historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent of restaurants of communes followed during the baseline survey (Tonnes of woodfuel equivalent per day) divided by the overall number of meals distributed by restaurants of communes followed during baseline survey in 2012 (meals/day).
Table 6: Historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent Restaurant's Number having Annual consumption participated to the Baseline Meals number per day of wood equivalent survey tonnes of wood Communes restaurant Meals/ day equivalent/restaurant/y BUYENZI 43 2,760 69.3 KAMENGE 56 3,930 119.46 Total 99 6,690 97.4
The value of average historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent per meal distributed by restaurants of Burundi is equal to the total historical consumption of all communes surveyed by the total number of meals distributed thus equal to 0.00395 (tonnes of woodfuel equivalent per meal). A discount factor of 23 0.89 is applied to account for model uncertainties therefore (Mbiomass_hist_meal ) is taken at 0.00395 * 0.89 = 0.00351 tonnes of woodfuel equivalent per meal. It corresponds to estimated uncertainty range greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50%.
Average number of meals prepared per restaurant in the year y (N meals_restaurant,y )
22 This is confirmed in the CRUEA’s baseline study report 23 The value of 0.89 is used to account for model uncertainties. According to the “Report of the subsidiary body for scientific and technological advice on its eighteenth session, held at Bonn, from 4 to 13 June 2003” Annex III para 6 p25 accessible here: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2003/sbsta/10a02.pdf . As an example, the value is used in methodology AMS-III.H.
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The average number of meals prepared per restaurant is calculated ex-ante for emissions reduction estimation based on results obtained from a baseline survey available to the DOE. During baseline survey, woodfuel and charcoal consumption of 99 restaurants from two communes of Bujumbura mairie have been followed (Buyenzi and Kamenge) and number of meals distributed per restaurant per day determined. The value of 24,665 meals per year discounted by a factor of 0.89 giving 21,952 is taken based on Baseline survey results for ex-ante estimations.
For ex-post estimation, the average number of meals distributed per appliance in the year y will be monitored based on a sampled number of restaurants n.
Determination of Non-renewable woody biomass fraction (f NRB,y )
The restaurants’s kitchens are fired with non-renewable wood fuel. The non-renewable biomass fraction (fNRB,y ) is conservatively taken at its national default value of 77%, as approved by the CDM Executive Board at its 67 th meeting and lately by the Burundi’s DNA the 6 September 2012 24 . The sources of calculation of the f NRB default value for Burundi are displayed in Appendix 4.
Determination of Emission factor for relevant substitution fossil fuel (EF projected_fossilfuel )
According to methodology AMS-I.E, the Emission Factor of the substitution fuel likely to be used by similar consumers has to be taken at 81.6 tCO 2/TJ.
This value represents the emission factor of the substitution fuels likely to be used by similar users, on a weighted average basis. It is assumed that the mix of present and future fuels used would consist of a solid fossil fuel (lowest in the ladder of fuel choices), a liquid fossil fuel (represents a progression over solid fuel in the ladder of fuel use choices) and a gaseous fuel (represents a progression over liquid fuel in the ladder of fuel use choices). Thus a 50% weight is assigned to coal as the alternative solid fossil fuel (96 tCO 2/TJ) and a 25% weight is assigned to both liquid and gaseous fuels (71.5 tCO 2/TJ for kerosene and 63.0 tCO 2/TJ for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
Determination of Net calorific value of the substituted non-renewable woody biomass (NCV biomass )
According to methodology AMS-I.E, the Net Calorific Value of the non-renewable woody biomass that is substituted has to be taken as IPCC default for wood fuel, 0.015 TJ/tonne.
According to § III.4 of the General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities Version 03 (EB 47, Annex 28) three types of emission sources are potentially significant (>10% of emission reductions) and attributable to the project activities:
A. Shifts of pre-project activities . Decreases of carbon stocks, for example as a result of deforestation, outside the land area where the biomass is grown, due to shifts of pre-project activities. B. Emissions related to the production of the biomass. C. Competing uses for the biomass . The biomass may in the absence of the project activity be used elsewhere, for the same or a different purpose.
24 http://cdm.unfccc.int/DNA/fNRB/index.html
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Project emissions
A. Shifts of pre-project activities
According to § 6 A. of the General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities Version 03 (EB 47, Annex 28) “Shifts of pre-project activities are relevant where in the absence of the project activity the land areas would be used for other purposes (i.e. agriculture). For example: where cropland is converted to forest to produce wood for energy purposes, the pre-project activity (crop production) might be shifted to other land areas. In the worst case, this shift of the pre-project activity could result in deforestation on other land areas. ”
As the renewable biomass used is all from residue/waste, this emission source is not applicable to this project. B. Emissions related to the production of the biomass
According to § III B. of the General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities Version 03 (EB 47, Annex 28), potentially significant emission sources from the production of renewable biomass can be: (a) Emissions from application of fertilizer; and (b) Project emissions from clearance of lands.
“These emissions sources should respectively be included in a simplified manner, not involving any significant transaction costs. All other emission sources are likely to be smaller than 10% (each) - including transportation of raw materials and biomass, fossil fuel consumption for the cultivation of plantations - and can therefore be neglected in the context of SSC project activities.”
As the renewable biomass used is all from residue/waste, this emission source is not applicable to this project.
Leakage emissions
C. Competing uses for the biomass
According to § III C. of the General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities Version 03 (EB 47, Annex 28), in some cases, the biomass used in the project activity could be used for other purposes in the absence of the project. For example, biomass residues from existing forests could have been used as fuel wood or agricultural biomass residues could have been used as fertilizers or for energy generation.
The Project activity’s biomass supply involves agro-industrial wastes (sugar cane wastes, coffee parchments and sawmills residues…) which are widely available in the region and currently burnt without energy purpose 25 , therefore this source of leakage can be neglected. The biomass used in the project activity could not be used for other purposes in the absence of the project.
The quantity of biomass wastes needed for the project activity will be compared with the national production of renewable biomass wastes. General guidance on leakage in biomass project activities Version 03 (EB 47, Annex 28) requests in §18:
“The project participant shall evaluate ex ante if there is a surplus of the biomass in the region of the project activity, which is not utilised. If it is demonstrated (e.g., using published literature, official reports, surveys etc.) at the beginning of each crediting period that the quantity of available biomass
25 Apart from the cogeneration project of SOSUMO where already residues is declared as too many. Indeed, SOSUMO has too much residues and has to burn a great part of it. That’s why, BQS is signing a partnership with SOSUMO at the sugar cane plant location in order to process the surplus into briquettes.
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in the region (e.g., 50 km radius), is at least 25% larger than the quantity of biomass that is utilised including the project activity, then this source of leakage can be neglected otherwise this leakage shall be estimated and deducted from the emission reductions.”
As per the public report “Elaboration of a strategy for Energy sector in Burundi” issued by Ministry of Energy and Mines, General Directorate of Energy and Water (Republic of Burundi, Ministry of Energy, Water department, 2011), the annual available amount of renewable biomass, which is not used, is about 1,378,374.43 tonnes (including 1,127,302 tonnes of crop residues, 224,966.2 tonnes of forest litter and 26,106.23 tonnes of timber residues). Based on production capacity of 3 briquetting machines of 500 tonnes per month the quantity of biomass needed is 18,000 tonnes of dry biomass, thus 36,000 tonnes of wet biomass residues assuming 50% moisture of biomass residues. Therefore, the quantity of available biomass residues in the region is at least 25% larger than the quantity of biomass that is utilised including the project activity. This source of leakage can thus be neglected.
Methodology AMS-I.E further indicates that leakage related to the non-renewable woody biomass saved by the project activity shall be assessed based on ex post surveys of users and the areas from which this woody biomass is sourced (using 90/30 precision for a selection of samples). The following potential source of leakage shall be considered: (a) The use/diversion of non-renewable woody biomass saved under the project activity by non-project households/users that previously used renewable energy sources. If this leakage assessment quantifies an increase in the use of non-renewable woody biomass used by the non-project households/users that is attributable to the project activity then By is adjusted to account for the quantified leakage.
Alternatively, By is multiplied by a net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95 to account for leakages, in which case surveys are not required.
If the equipment currently being utilised is transferred from outside the boundary to the project boundary, leakage is to be considered.
The improved cook stoves to be disseminated in the project don’t include any second-hand equipment but exclusively brand new ones, therefore no currently utilised equipment will be transferred from outside the boundary to the project activity.
Emissions related to the transformation of renewable biomass into briquettes
Furthermore, potential project emissions may arise from the electricity consumption from the machines processing the transformation from renewable biomass into briquettes 26 .
This emissions source is calculated as per the tool ‘ Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption ’. A conservative specific electricity consumption per tonnes of briquettes produced is estimated ex-ante.
Leakage emissions from electricity consumption Leakage emissions from consumption of electricity are calculated, as follows:
= * (* + ) (6) LE EC ,y ∑ EC PJ , j,y EF EL , j,y 1 TDL j,y j
26 The briquettes production sites are not included within the boundaries of the project because they will supply different separated projects, different communities and because it is not possible to allocate one production site to one specific city’s restaurants as this will depend on the capacity production per site and the regional demand.
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Where:
LE EC,y Leakage emissions from electricity consumption in year y (tCO 2/yr) EC PJ,j,y Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity consumption source j in year y (MWh/yr)
EF EL,j,y Emission factor for electricity generation for source j in year y (tCO 2/MWh) TDL j,y Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing electricity to source j in year y j Sources of electricity consumption in the project
Determination of the quantity of electricity consumed by the project (EC PJ,j,y )
The renewable briquettes production sites are likely to provide briquettes to different projects therefore it is not possible to monitor electricity consumption for the project alone. Thus the quantity of electricity consumed by the project EC PJ,j,y is calculated based on a default value for the specific quantity of electricity consumed per ton of briquettes produced SEC briq (MWh/ton) estimated ex-ante multiplied by the quantity of briquettes supplied to the project activity Mrenewable.biomass,,y .
Ex-ante Determination of the Quantity of renewable biomass consumed by the project activity in year y (Mrenewable.biomass,y )
For ex-ante estimation of project emissions the assumption made is:
Mrenewable.biomass,y = ½ * M substituted.biomass,y
Value applied ex ante is based on conservative biomass savings estimate derived from preliminary experience 27 .
Determination of the emission factor for electricity generation (EF EL,j,y )
The determination of the emission factor for electricity generation EF EL,j,y depends on scenario A applied to the source of electricity consumption: Scenario A: Electricity consumption from the grid
In this case, project participants may choose among the following options: Option A1: Calculate the combined margin emission factor of the applicable electricity system, using the procedures in the latest approved version of the Tool to calculate the emission factor for an
electricity system. (EF EL,j/k/l,y = EF grid,CM,y ).
Option A2: Use the following conservative default values:
• A value of 1.3 tCO 2/MWh if (a) Scenario A applies only to project and/or leakage electricity consumption sources but not to baseline electricity consumption sources; or (b) Scenario A applies to: both baseline and project (and/or leakage) electricity consumption sources; and the electricity consumption of the project and leakage sources is greater than the electricity consumption of the baseline sources.
27 Experiments to estimate the approximate renewable briquettes consumption per cookstove have been conducted and recorded by project proponent over the same model of cookstoves expected to be used by restaurants in two schools and police camp, evidencing savings up to 90%, thus a conversion factor of 0.5 is a conservative assumption. Reports have been provided to the DOE.
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• A value of 0.4 tCO 2/MWh for electricity grids where hydro power plants constitute less than 50% of total grid generation in 1) average of the five most recent years, or 2) based
on long-term averages for hydroelectricity production, and a value of 0.25 tCO 2/MWh for other electricity grids. These values can be used if (a) Scenario A applies only to baseline electricity consumption sources but not to project or leakage electricity consumption sources; or (b) Scenario A applies to: both baseline and project (and/or leakage) electricity consumption sources; and the electricity consumption of the baseline sources is greater than the electricity consumption of the project and leakage sources.
Option A2 is chosen: conservative default value of 1.3 tCO 2/MWh.
Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing electricity to source j in year y (TDL j,y ) In case of scenario A, choose one of the following options: • Use recent, accurate and reliable data available within the host country; • Use as default values of 20% for project or leakage electricity consumption sources. Option chosen: default values of 20% .
Leakage emissions from transportation of biomass
Furthermore, potential leakage emissions may arise from the transportation of biomass by vehicles consuming fossil fuels.
Transportation of renewable biomass wastes from collection sites to the briquetting plant will be neglected as the briquetting plants will be operated close to the residues provision sites 28 . Moreover, the average distance of transportation of renewable briquettes from briquetting plants to police camps and prisons is shorter than the baseline situation where non-renewable woody biomass was transported over a longer distances from isolated rural production site thus can be neglected.
Moreover, taking into consideration that:
• the average distance of collection of renewable biomass for the Project activity is shorter than the mean distance of origin of previously used biomass in the baseline and; • AMS-I.C methodology mentions that "If biomass residues are transported over a distance of more than 200 kilometres (one way) due to the implementation of the project activity then this leakage source attributed to transportation shall be considered, otherwise it can be neglected." For the proposed project, the residues/briquettes will never be transported over a distance more than 200 km (one way) thus can be neglected.
Therefore no additional leakage emissions from transportation need to be accounted for.
Emission reductions The final emission reductions are obtained from the baseline emissions minus the project emissions and leakage.
28 It has been confirmed during on site visit by the DOE that Bujumbura briquetting machines are installed at immediate proximity of the coffee factory residues disposal; the same will be applied in Gitega and Rutana.
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B.6.2. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
Data / Parameter Pj
Unit kW th Description Useful thermal output capacity of the ICS type j Source of data Performance test results Value(s) applied ICS type j Medium Large
Useful thermal 2.49 kW th 4.82 kW th output capacity
Choice of data Useful thermal output of the ICS has been estimated by Water Boiling Test or by the Turkish supplier. Tests results have been made available to the DOE. Measurement methods and procedures See Appendix 4 containing procedure for calculation. Purpose of data Small-scale threshold, debundle and automatic additionality compliance Additional comment -
Data / Parameter fNRB,y Unit Fraction Description Fraction of biomass used in the absence of the CDM project in year y that can be established as non-renewable biomass Source of data Table 2 of Information Note EB 67 Annex 22 Value(s) applied 0.77 Choice of data National default value. or Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions Additional comment The value has been approved by the DNA of Burundi the 6 th September 2012 29
Data / Parameter NCV biomass Unit TJ/tonne Description Net calorific value of the non-renewable woody biomass that is substituted Source of data 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value(s) applied 0.015 Choice of data According to methodology AMS-I.E, the Net Calorific Value of the non- or renewable woody biomass that is substituted has to be taken as IPCC Measurement methods default for wood fuel. and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions Additional comment -
29 http://cdm.unfccc.int/DNA/fNRB/index.html
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Data / Parameter EF projected_fossilfuel
Unit tCO 2/TJ Description Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable woody biomass by similar consumers Source of data 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value(s) applied 81.6 Choice of data As indicated by the methodology AMS-I.E, this value represents the or emission factor of the substitution fuels likely to be used by similar users, Measurement methods on a weighted average basis. It is assumed that the mix of present and and procedures future fuels used would consist of a solid fossil fuel (lowest in the ladder of fuel choices), a liquid fossil fuel (represents a progression over solid fuel in the ladder of fuel use choices) and a gaseous fuel (represents a progression over liquid fuel in the ladder of fuel use choices). Thus a 50% weight is assigned to coal as the alternative solid fossil fuel (96 tCO 2/TJ) and a 25% weight is assigned to both liquid and gaseous fuels (71.5 tCO 2/TJ for Kerosene and 63.0 tCO 2/TJ for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions Additional comment -
Data / Parameter Mbiomass _hist _meal Unit Tonnes of wood equivalent / meal Description Average historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent per meal (Tonnes of wood equivalent/meal) Source of data Derived from baseline survey discounted by a factor of 0.89. Value(s) applied 0.00351
Choice of data As permitted by the methodology AMS-I.E, this was derived from Baseline or survey gathering restaurants woodfuel consumption data of two communes Measurement methods of Bujumbura. and procedures The historical consumption of restaurants has been divided by the historical number of meals distributed in order to get the historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent per meal. The value obtained has been discounted by a factor of 0.89 to account for model uncertainties. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions Additional comment -
Data / Parameter Leakage adj Unit fraction Description Net to gross adjustment factor to account for leakages Source of data Methodology AMS-I.E Version 05 Value(s) applied 0.95 Choice of data In case this leakage adjustment factor is applied, it is not required to survey or the use/diversion of non-renewable woody biomass saved under the project Measurement methods activity by non-project households/users that previously used renewable and procedures energy sources. Purpose of data Calculation of leakage emissions Additional comment -
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Data / Parameter EF EL,j,y
Unit tCO 2/MWh Description Emission factor for electricity generation for source j in year y Source of data “Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption” (Version 01) Value(s) applied 1.3
Choice of data Option A2: Use a conservative default value of 1.3 tCO 2/MWh or Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of leakage emissions Additional comment -
Data / Parameter TDL j,y Unit - Description Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing electricity to the briquetting machine Source of data “Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption” (Version 01) Value(s) applied 0.20 Choice of data Use as default values of 20% for option: or (a) project or leakage electricity consumption sources; Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of leakage emissions Additional comment -
Data / Parameter SEC briq Unit MWh/tonne Description Default value for the specific quantity of electricity consumed per tonne of briquettes produced Source of data Estimated ex-ante based on historic specific electricity consumption per ton of briquettes produced. Value(s) applied 0.038 Choice of data The specific electricity consumption is estimated ex-ante based on historic or data of electricity consumption per tonne of briquettes produced Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of leakage emissions Additional comment Specific consumption provided by the constructor is 35-38 kWh/ Metric tonne of Biomass. In order to be conservative, a value of 38 kWh/tonne is chosen.
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Data / Parameter mbiomass / mcharcoal Unit kg biomass/kg charcoal Description Conversion factor wood/charcoal Source of data IPCC 1996- Reference Manual, Chapter 1, Energy, p 1.45 Or national/local values from literature, surveys or expert judgments if available Value(s) applied 6 Choice of data The default value should be applied according to recommendations of the or IPCC Guidelines if no national/local value is available. Measurement methods However, such default value may be revised ex-post would reliable and and procedures country-specific data become available during monitoring. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline Additional comment -
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B.6.3. Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions
Source/reference/ Parameter Value Unit Description of parameter justifications Average historical Derived from baseline 0.00351 Tonnes of wood consumption of woodfuel M survey discounted by a biomass_hist_meal equivalent / meal equivalent per meal (Tonnes factor of 0.89. of wood equivalent/meal) Average number of meals meals/restaurant/ Derived from baseline N 21,952 prepared per restaurant in meals_restaurant,y year survey. the year y Estimate of average annual Tonnes of Wood M = M consumption of woody biomass,y biomass_hist_meal M 77.12 equivalent / * N biomass,y biomass per appliance in meals_restaurant,y appliance/y baseline Total number of Project proponent N 1,811 Restaurant participating restaurant in restaurant,y expectation. year y Proportion of restaurants still operating ICS or having replaced their ICS by an Based on project p op restaurant,y 90 % equivalent in service one proponent expectations
under similar conditions and experience. under the project activity in year y. Number of restaurant still operating or where ICS has N been replaced by an N = operating_restaurant,y 1,630 ICS operating_restaurant,y equivalent in service N * p restaurant,y op restaurant,y appliance under the project activity in year y The proportion of residual use of woody Proportion of residual use of biomass is estimated ex- presidual_NRB,y 10 % baseline wood-fuels in year ante at 10%, based on y project planner’s knowledge and experience. Average annual M = consumption of substituted biomass_substituted,y M tonnes/ y M *(1- p biomass_substituted,y 69.41 woody biomass per biomass,y residual_NRB,y ) appliance (tonnes/year) Net to gross adjustment Leakage adj 0.95 - factor to account for Default Value leakages Quantity of woody biomass By = Leakage adj * By 107,473 tonnes/y that is substituted or Mbiomass_substituted,y * displaced in tonnes Noperating_restaurant ,y Fraction of biomass used in the absence of the CDM f 77 % Default Value NRB,y project in year y that can be established as non-
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Source/reference/ Parameter Value Unit Description of parameter justifications renewable biomass Net calorific value of the NCV biomass 0.015 TJ/ton non-renewable woody Default Value biomass that is substituted Emission factor for the substitution of non- EF 81.6 tCO /TJ Default Value projected_fossilfuel 2 renewable woody biomass by similar consumers Default value for the MWh/Metric specific quantity of Default Value provided SEC 0.038 briq tonne electricity consumed per ton by technology provider of briquettes produced The parameter will be used for monitoring Quantity of renewable project emissions. For Mrenewable.biomass,y 53,736 tonnes/y biomass consumed by the ex-ante estimation the project activity in year y. assumption made is: Mrenewable.biomass,y = ½*Msubstituted.biomass,y Quantity of electricity consumed by the project EC PJ,j,y = EC PJ,j,y 2,042 MWh/y electricity consumption SEC briq,y*Mrenewable.biomass,y source j in year y Emission factor for electricity generation for EF EL,j,y 1.30 tCO 2/MWh source j in year y Default Value
(tCO 2/MWh) Average technical transmission and TDL j,y 0.20 - distribution losses for Default Value providing electricity to source j in year y Project emissions from
PE EC,y 3,185 tCO 2/yr electricity consumption in Calculated year y BE y 101,291 tCO 2e Baseline emissions Calculated LEy 3,185 tCO 2e Leakage emissions Calculated PEy 0 tCO 2e Project emissions Calculated ER y 98,105 tCO 2e Emission reductions ER y= BE y- PE y- LE y
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B.6.4. Summary of ex-ante estimates of emission reductions
Baseline Project Emission Leakage Year emissions emissions reductions (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) 01/06/2014 to 31/12/2014 59,086 - 1,858 57,228 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2015 101 291 - 3 185 98 105 01/01/2016 to 31/12/2016 101 291 - 3 185 98 105 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2017 101 291 - 3 185 98 105 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2018 101 291 - 3 185 98 105 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2019 101 291 - 3 185 98 105 01/01/2020 to 31/12/2020 101 291 - 3 185 98 105 01/01/2021 to 31/05/2021 42,205 - 1,327 40,877 Total 709,038 - 22,298 686,735 Total number of crediting years 7 Annual average over the crediting period 101,291 - 3,185 98,105
B.7. Monitoring plan
The monitoring plan defines the procedures to measure and record parameters necessary for the verification of the emission reductions effectively achieved. The monitoring will be carried out according to AMS-I.E. The project is managed by BQS who is the project proponent. BQS ensures the overall briquetting plant operation safety and cookstove distribution in accordance with Burundi’s Laws and technology providers’ guidelines. Cookstove distribution’s responsibility will be shared with local microfinance institutions able to provide with a credit the ICS to restaurants and be reimbursed over a period of time of 1 to 2 years thanks to the economy made one the fuel used 30 .
It will also comply with:
Clean Development Mechanism Project Standard Version 05.0 whereby it is stated that:
The monitoring plan shall include the following: a) The operational and management structure to be put in place to implement the monitoring plan; b) Provisions to ensure that data monitored and required for verification and issuance be kept and archived electronically for two years after the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of CERs, whichever occurs later; c) Definition of responsibilities and institutional arrangements for data collection and archiving; d) Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures; e) Uncertainty levels, methods and the associated accuracy level of measuring instruments to be used for various parameters and variables;
30 Agreement between micro-finance institution and BQS regarding monitoring, ICS and briquettes distribution is available to the DOE.
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CDM – Executive Board Page 30 f) Specifications of the calibration frequency for the measuring equipments. In cases where neither the selected methodology, nor the Board’s guidance specify any requirements for calibration frequency for measuring equipments, project participants shall ensure that the equipments are calibrated either in accordance with the local/national standards, or as per the manufacturer’s specifications. If local/national standards or the manufacturer’s specifications are not available, international standards may be used.
B.7.1. Data and parameters to be monitored
Data / Parameter Ndistributed_ICS, j, y Unit Number Description Total number of distributed ICS (medium and large) or replaced by an equivalent appliance in year y Source of data Project implementer database Value(s) applied N/A Measurement methods Each participating restaurant who will acquire an ICS will have to sign a and procedures product acquisition agreement with the project implementer. The project implementer will keep a database of all distributed ICS. Monitoring frequency Continuously QA/QC procedures The total number of distributed ICS mentioned in the data base will be cross-check by the project implementer with number of contracts signed with participating restaurants. Databases will be periodically checked by the project implementer to count the total number of distributed ICS under the project. Purpose of data Used to record the number/location of each stove distributed and verify the compliance with small scale limit. Additional comment Capped in compliance with the small-scale limit with regard to thermal energy power output of the stoves as detailed in B.2. Ndistributed_ICS,medium * P medium + N distriuted_ICS,large * P large < 45 MW th Distribution between medium and large and number of improved cookstoves is not known at the time of project validation.
Data / Parameter Nrestaurant, y Unit Number Description Total number of participating restaurant in year y Source of data Project implementer database Value(s) applied N/A Measurement methods Each participating restaurant who will acquire an ICS will have to sign a and procedures product acquisition agreement with the project implementer. The project implementer will keep a database of all distributed ICS and participating restaurant. Monitoring frequency Continuously QA/QC procedures The total number of restaurants mentioned in the data base will be cross- check by the project implementer with number of contracts signed with participating restaurants. Databases will be periodically checked by the project implementer to count the total number of restaurant under the project. Purpose of data Used to record the number/location of each restaurant.
Additional comment -
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Data / Parameter pop restaurant ,y Unit fraction Description Proportion of restaurants still operating ICS or having replaced their ICS by an equivalent in service one under similar conditions under the project activity in year y. Source of data Monitored sample observations. Value(s) applied 0.90 Measurement methods A physical check will be performed by the CDM project proponent at least and procedures annually in accordance with the monitoring plan.
According to §12 (a) of the latest Standard for Sampling and Surveys the Proportion of restaurants still operating ICS or having replaced their ICS by an equivalent in service one under similar conditions under the project activity is conservatively estimated ex-ante at 90% for the first monitoring session to be revised during monitoring, based on project planner’s knowledge and experience. Monitoring frequency At least annually
QA/QC procedures 0 ≤ pop restauarant,y ≤ 1 Database will be periodically checked by the project proponent. Each stove will be traced from manufacturer to user (restaurant) using its unique ID. The count, prorated from the monitoring sample size, cannot exceed the total distributed amount of stoves at any point in time and number of participating restaurant, as recorded in the stove sales register. Any invalid or incomplete entries related to cook stove sales will not be taken into consideration in Emissions Reductions calculation. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions
Additional comment For subsequent monitoring sessions pop restaurant,y-1 measured during the previous monitoring session shall be used as an estimation of pop restaurant,y for the new sample size calculation.
Guidance for monitoring are provided to field agents in order to determine the operating status of each appliance during monitoring session with specific conditions to comply with.
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Data / Parameter presidual_NRB,y Unit fraction Description Proportion of residual use of baseline wood-fuels in year y Source of data Periodic monitoring visit findings Value(s) applied 0.10 Measurement methods As per the agreement between end-user and SSC-CPA implementer, each and procedures participating restaurant agrees to record the number of meals cooked with the ICS with renewable biomass (briquettes) and baseline wood-fuels during the monitored period p if or when the restaurant is included in the sample n. During the annual monitoring visit, field agents will establish the quantity of meals cooked with biomass from non-renewable sources. According to §12 (a) of the latest Standard for Sampling and Surveys, the proportion of residual use of woody biomass from non-renewable sources is estimated ex-ante at 10%, based on project planner’s knowledge and experience. Monitoring frequency At least annually
QA/QC procedures 0 ≤ presidual_NRB,y ≤ 1 Database will be periodically checked by the project proponent. Abnormal levels of residual usage of baseline wood-fuels will be inquired and documented. Any invalid or incomplete entries related to residual consumption of baseline wood-fuels will dismiss the sampled restaurant from consideration in Emissions Reductions calculation. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions
Additional comment For subsequent monitoring sessions p residual_NRB,y-1 measured during the previous monitoring session shall be used as an estimation of p residual_NRB,y for the new sample size calculation. All eventual remaining biomass consumed from outside of the BQS’s renewable supply chain is conservatively considered as baseline-wood- fuels.
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Data / Parameter Mrenewable _bi omass ,y Unit tonnes/year Description Quantity of renewable biomass consumed by the participating restaurants in year y Source of data Delivery notes from renewable delivery site(s) Value(s) applied 53,736 Measurement methods Value applied ex ante is based on conservative biomass savings estimate and procedures based on preliminary experience 31 .
Field agents will periodically collect delivery notes from the renewable delivery site(s) and/or wholesalers containing the following information: distribution site, production site, restaurant provided and quantity of biomass. The delivery notes are kept and collected for monitoring the quantity of renewable biomass consumed by the project from each production site. Monitoring frequency Every month
QA/QC procedures The value of M biomass,y multiplied by the number of operating stoves should be a qualitative comparison of consumed renewable and baseline woodfuel with historical consumption (efficiency-adjusted) on a calorific basis. Purpose of data Project emissions and Methodology requirements Additional comment The parameter will be used for monitoring project emissions from electricity consumption. For ex-ante estimation of project emissions the assumption made is: Mrenewable.biomass,y =1/2*Msubstituted.biomass,_ ,y
Data / Parameter Nmeals _restaurant,y
Unit meals/restaurant/year Description Average number of meals prepared per restaurant in the year y (meals/y) Source of data Derived from baseline survey and discounted by a factor of 0.89 for model uncertainties for ex-ante estimation. Then the discount factor is not used but rather based on monitoring findings. Value(s) applied 21,952 Measurement methods Number of meals prepared per restaurant sampled will be recorded during and procedures each monitoring period. Monitoring frequency At least annually QA/QC procedures - Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions Additional comment For ex-ante calculation the estimation is based on the data obtained from a baseline survey compiling data of restaurants for 2 communes of Bujumbura. For ex-post emission calculation, the average number of meals cooked per restaurant will be monitored.
31 Experiments to estimate the approximate renewable briquettes consumption per cookstove have been conducted and recorded by project proponent over the same model of cookstoves expected to be used by restaurants in two schools and police camp, evidencing savings up to 90%, thus a conversion factor of 0.5 is a conservative assumption. Reports has been provided to the DOE.
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B.7.2. Sampling plan
The sampling effort aims at achieving the CDM monitoring requirements (unbiased and reliable estimates of the mean value of parameters used in the calculations of greenhouse gas emission reductions) through a feasible but representative (statistically valid) sample of the locations where the systems are deployed, as compared to the large population involved in the project which could hardly be systematically fully monitored.
The project monitoring will comply with the monitoring methodology AMS-I.E, whereby it is stated that: 1. Monitoring shall consist of checking of all appliances or a representative sample thereof , at least once every two years (biennial) to ensure that they are still operating or are replaced by an equivalent in service appliance. 2. In order to assess the leakages specified under paragraph E.2, monitoring shall include data on the amount of woody biomass saved under the project activity that is used by non-project households/users (who previously used renewable energy sources). Other data on non-renewable woody biomass use required for leakage assessment shall also be collected. 3. Monitoring should confirm the displacement or substitution of the non-renewable woody biomass at each location. In the case of appliances switching to renewable biomass the quantity of renewable biomass used shall be monitored. 21. A statistically valid sample of the locations where the systems are deployed, with consideration, in the sampling design, of occupancy and demographics differences can be used to determine parameter values used to determine emission reductions, as per the relevant requirements for sampling in the “Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities”. When biennial inspection is chosen a 95% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error requirement shall be achieved for the sampling parameter. On the other hand when the project proponent chooses to inspect annually, a 90% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error requirement shall be achieved for the sampled parameters. In cases where survey results indicate that 90/10 precision or 95/10 precision is not achieved, the lower bound of a 90% or 95% confidence interval of the parameter value may be chosen as an alternative to repeating the survey efforts to achieve the 90/10 or 95/10 precision.
The Standard for “Sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities .” (Version 04.1 ) is applied together with the Guidelines for “Sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities” (Version 03.0) EB76: General Guidelines for SSC-CDM methodologies Version 20, whereby it is stated that:
For monitoring the emission reductions from project activities, project participants must refer to applicable provisions for monitoring plan for all project types and small-scale project activities. For PoAs, coordinating/managing entities must refer to those provisions for all project types, small-scale project activities and PoAs in the Project standard.
Clean Development Mechanism Project Standard Version 05.0 whereby it is stated that:
The monitoring plan shall include the following: g) The operational and management structure to be put in place to implement the monitoring plan; h) Provisions to ensure that data monitored and required for verification and issuance be kept and archived electronically for two years after the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of CERs, whichever occurs later;
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i) Definition of responsibilities and institutional arrangements for data collection and archiving; j) Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures; k) Uncertainty levels, methods and the associated accuracy level of measuring instruments to be used for various parameters and variables; l) Specifications of the calibration frequency for the measuring equipments. In cases where neither the selected methodology, nor the Board’s guidance specify any requirements for calibration frequency for measuring equipments, project participants shall ensure that the equipments are calibrated either in accordance with the local/national standards, or as per the manufacturer’s specifications. If local/national standards or the manufacturer’s specifications are not available, international standards may be used.
• EB 75: Guidelines for Sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and prgramme of activities (Version 03.0) whereby it is stated that:
25. “The sampling plan should contain information relating to: (A) sampling design; (B) data to be collected; and (C) implementation plan.” All the data and parameters listed above in E.7.1 will be monitored at least annually on a representative sample of participating users. A monitoring flowchart is provided below.
Field Measurement Objectives and Data to be collected
The goal of the sampling is to determine the following parameters:
Confidence/ Parameter Description Method Frequency 32 Seasonality Precision level Proportion of restaurants still operating ICS or having Unlikely to replaced their ICS by an Visual be affected p equivalent in service one 90/10 Annually op restaurant,y inspection by seasonal under similar conditions influences under the project activity in year y . Unlikely to Proportion of residual use of Users be affected p baseline wood-fuels in year 90/10 Annually residual_NRB,y interview by seasonal y influences Unlikely to Average number of meals Restaurant N be affected meals_restaurant,y prepared per restaurant in 90/10 manager Annually by seasonal the year y interview influences pop restaurant,y and presidual_NRB,y are respectively involved in the calculation of Noperating_restaurant,y and Mbiomass_substituted,y . Moreover, such as described below, for matter of convenience of sampling, the project proponent may choose to monitor the reverse proportion (1-pop restaurant,y ); (1- presidual_NRB,y).
32 Frequency may be higher during ramp-up and transition phases; see Monitoring periods “p” below.
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Sampling Method
As outlined in the table above the proportion of distributed ICS still operating or replaced by an equivalent in service appliance under similar conditions under the project activity in year y (pop restaurant,y ), the proportion of residual use of baseline wood-fuels in year y (presidual_NRB,y) and the average number of meals prepared per restaurant in the year y (Nmeals_restaurant,y ) will be monitored using the simple random sampling method.
Target Population and Sampling Frame
The target population is the locations where the systems are deployed i.e. the participating restaurants, which can be described with the following characteristics: - Project stove’s serial number(s) - Customer’s name and contact details
Desired Precision/Expected Variance and Sample Size
The desired accuracy level is 90% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error.
For the monitoring of pop restaurant,y and presidual_NRB,y (or their reverse) and (Nmeals_restaurant,y ) the size of the samples is calculated using a formula suggested in the Guidelines “Sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities” (Version 03.0, EB 75):
- the formula applicable to the calculation of a sample size related to the determination of a proportional parameter (pop restaurant,y ) and (p residual_NRB,y ) using a simple random sampling: / (6) ≥ ∙ . /
With: = Student t critical value 33 / Ωy = size of the population of stoves considered for the monitoring session ( ) = ;
- a formula applicable to the calculation of a sample size related to the determination of a mean value parameter (Nmeals_restaurant,y ) using a simple random sampling;
/ (7) ≥ ∙ . /
With: = Ωy = size of the population of stoves considered for the monitoring session = Student t critical value /
Calculation of p and 1-p:
According to Standard for “Sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities” (Version 4.1) para 11 (a) , a proportion can describe either of the two possible scenarios of the
33 2 Student t critical value equal to 1.96 in the case when 95% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error are /2 required and value; equal to 1.645 in the case when 90% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error are required
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Therefore, for matter of convenience of sampling, the project proponent can monitor either the identified proportions or their reverse:
• pop restaurant,y or its reverse 1-pop restaurant,y • presidual_NRB,y or its reverse 1- presidual_NRB,y
If project proponent decide to monitor the reverse (1-pop restaurant,y and/or 1- presidual_NRB,y ) for convenience of sampling, they can deduct the value of pop restaurant,y and presidual_NRB,y by calculating 1 - (1-pop restaurant,y ) or 1- (1- presidual_NRB,y ).
The value p for the calculation of the variance is therefore presented in the table below.
Parameter monitored Value for p Value for 1-p pop restaurant,y pop restaurant,y-1 1-pop restaurant,y-1
1-pop restaurant,y 1-pop restaurant,y-1 pop restaurant,y-1 presidual_NRB,y presidual_NRB,y-1 1- presidual_NRB,y-1
1- presidual_NRB,y 1- presidual_NRB,y-1 presidual_NRB,y-1
Ex-ante estimation of p and 1-p:
• For the first monitoring session, pop restaurant,y shall be conservatively estimated ex-ante at 0.9 based on projects’ proponent return on experience. For subsequent monitoring sessions pop restaurant,y-1 measured during the previous monitoring session shall be used as an estimation of p op restaurant,y for the new sample size calculation.
• Based on project planner’s knowledge and experience the proportion of residual use of baseline wood-fuels in year y is estimated ex-ante at 10%. For subsequent monitoring sessions presidual_NRB,y-1 measured during the previous monitoring session shall be used as an estimation of presidual_NRB,y for the new sample size calculation.
The selected sample size for the monitoring of pop restaurant,y and presidual_NRB,y shall be the highest figure between n B and n p. Both parameters will use the same sample (cf. procedure described below) and will be determined using data only from restaurants where the monitored ICS was found to be in operation. Thus the actual sample size will be smaller than the calculated one; however oversampling should enable the actual sample size to be higher than the calculated sample size. If it is not possible to fulfill the 90/10 confidence/precision requirements, then as stated in the monitoring plan outlined in the PDD the higher bound of the 90% confidence level shall be used as the correct value.
In the following paragraphs the monitoring plans for the determination of pop restaurant,y and presidual_NRB,y are respectively described following the principle stated in the sections above.
Minimum sample size:
According to para 12 of the “Standard for Sampling and Surveys for CDM Project activities and Programme of Activities” (Version 04.1):
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“If the sample size calculation returns a value of less than 30 samples, a minimum sample size of 30 shall be chosen when the parameter of interest is a proportion. If the parameter of interest is a numeric mean value (i.e. not a proportion or percentage) the Student’s t-distribution shall be used if the resulting sample size is less than 30”.
Ex-ante estimation of mean and Standard Deviation for sample size calculation for determining Nmeals_restaurant,y
• Mean For the first monitoring session, the value of 21,952 34 is used as mean for the first sample size calculation.
Results from baseline survey provide with an average number of meals cooked per appliance in the year y of 67.6 meals per day accounting 24,665 meals per year.
• Standard deviation The standard deviation calculated based on the result of baseline survey is 3,672.35
Sample drawing
Each monitoring period’s sample shall be drawn randomly from the adequate stoves list, by electronic means and under the control of a third party. Sample will be selected from the distributed stoves electronic database using a program generating random numbers.
During frequent monitoring periods (ramp-up), future sample drawing should take place right before the start of each monitoring/selling period, based on the overall registry of both previously distributed stoves and ready-to-distribute ones (aggregating the operational database with the span of stove serial numbers from the new containers/lots to be distributed). This ensures all the stoves being distributed during period p to already be accounted for in the future sample of next period p+1, while a given period p allows until the end of the period to sensibilize/operationalize future sampled users to surveys, since the new buyers can be informed and trained to participate in monitoring as soon as they purchase the stove (if found part of the future sample).
Oversampling and reliability calculation
More ICS than what is required by the sample size calculation formulas will be selected for monitoring in order to ensure that reliability requirements are met even though some restaurants cannot be reached. The number of additional stoves to be monitored (the buffer) will be driven by the required sample size. A small sample will lead to a relatively large buffer (30% or 40% of the sample size) and a large sample size will lead to a smaller buffer (less than 15%). Oversampling will be implemented in several steps with the goal of attaining the relevant confidence/precision levels specified in the methodology.
The specific procedure for oversampling related to any buffer size is: 1. Visit restaurants accounting for one third of the buffer. If the number of responses collected is sufficient to meet confidence/precision need the oversampling stops here; 2. If step 1 is not sufficient to meet the confidence/precision level, then restaurants accounting for another third of the buffed are visited. If this additional number of answers is sufficient, the oversampling stops here;
34 24,665 * 0.89 = 21,952 35 Standard deviation calculation details are provided in excel sheet together with baseline survey results to the DOE.
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3. If step 2 is not sufficient, restaurants accounting for the last third of the buffer are visited (the whole buffer is then used).
If after these 3 rounds of additional sampling the reliability is still not sufficient, the project proponent has the right to take as the value of the considered parameter the most conservative bound of the applicable confidence interval resulting from the monitoring campaign.
Given that presidual_NRB,y , pop restaurant,y and Nmeals_restaurant,y are determined by using the same sample, in case reliability requirements are met only for one parameter, oversampling shall take place as stated above yet the additional results obtained shall be used only for the purpose of the determination of the parameter for which reliability requirements were not initially met.
The reliability of the figures of the parameter of interest resulting from monitoring will be checked following guidance found in the “Guidelines for sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities” (Version 03.0, EB 75).
For proportional parameters reliability will be checked by using the following calculation:
(7) =
As long as r will below or equal to 0.1 it will be considered that the reliability is sufficient. If r is above 0.1 the procedure for oversampling outlined above shall be applied.
Monitoring periods, frequency and aggregation
Variable length of monitoring periods will be permitted for improved accuracy of monitoring during transition phases such as ramp-up, as new sample is needed each time the monitored population varies (addition or replacement of stoves).
Monitoring periods will thus be shorter during ramp-up (e.g. 1 month) and longer during regular project phases (e.g. 1 year). The related parameters will be subscripted with a “p” index. Depending on the verification frequency, several “p” monitoring periods may be aggregated into the cumulative “P” verification period.
Details on implementation plan (data collection and record processes, quality control and consolidation) are included in Appendix 5.
Sampling plan implementation
Using the formula and guidelines stated above, the sample size for the first monitoring period is computed as following:
For convenience of sampling, the project proponent decided to monitor pop restaurant,y and 1-presidual_NRB,y for the first monitoring session.
Participating restaurants Expected 1-presidual_NRB,y Expected pop restaurant,y 2,000 36 0.90 0.90 Value of p for calculating V 0.90 0.90
36 For conservative issue the calculation of sample size for the first monitoring session use the maximum targeted population under the proposed project.
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Expected Expected standard deviation Mean for Nmeals_restaurant,y for Nmeals_restaurant,y 21,952 3,672
Results 37 :
Minimum Minimum Precision/ Minimum sample Minimum sample size for sample size for Over- confidence size for the sample size the the sampling rrequirement determination of chosen for determination of determination of of 20% s Nmeals_restaurant,y first period p 1- presidual_NRB,y pop restaurant,y 90/10 30 30 8 30 36
For subsequent monitoring session, the guidelines provided above and the procedure provided in Appendix 5 should be followed.
B.7.3. Other elements of monitoring plan
Sales Agreement
Before any restaurant i is included in the project, a sales agreement between the project proponent and the responsible of woodfuel supply of each restaurant will be signed. The sale agreement will display the following information: • Name and location of the restaurant • Approximative number of meal distributed per day • Agreement that the restaurant cede all its Carbon Emissions Reductions rights to BQS • A warranty of 5 years on the ICS • Information regarding the unique identification of all ICS • Installation and training terms • Briquette supply exclusivity • Maintenance services
Manual on how to use the ICS will be provided.
37 According to para 12 of the “Standard for Sampling and Surveys for CDM Project activities and Programme of Activities” (Version 04.1):
“If the sample size calculation returns a value of less than 30 samples, a minimum sample size of 30 shall be chosen when the parameter of interest is a proportion. If the parameter of interest is a numeric mean value (i.e. not a proportion or percentage) the Student’s t-distribution shall be used if the resulting sample size is less than 30”.
Consequently, minimum sample size for the determination of 1- presidual_NRB,y and pop restaurant,y is 30 as the parameter of interest is a proportion and minimum sample size for the determination of Nmeals_restaurant,y is the Student’s t- distribution as the parameter of interest is a numeric mean value (i.e. not a proportion or percentage).
Eventually, the maximum value between various results is selected as minimum sample size chosen for first period p.
Sample size Excel sheet calculation provided to the DOE.
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Number of restaurants i supplied
At the beginning of the project, all restaurants mentions will be progressively equipped with ICS. Before any inclusion of restaurants in the project the following procedure will be followed and information gathered. 1. Information regarding the estimate number of meal per day distributed 2. The capacity of BQS to supply the new restaurant with renewable briquettes without any shortage will be checked 3. Signature of the sales agreement with full information required stored in electronic database
As the number of restaurants participating to the project may vary across the time of the project, any new restaurant to be included in the project should follow the above procedure. This will be documented and reflected in monitoring reports during verification.
Monitoring equipment
Electronic database will be used in order to record sale agreements and monitor continuously the number of ICS distributed and participating restaurants (Ndistributed_ICS,j,y and N restaurant,y ).
Monitoring organization
BQS is responsible for overall monitoring management in partnership with local microfinance institutions COPEC/SOLESC 38 and the CRUEA. All collected data will be double-checked based on the sales agreements. The project monitoring database shall include the selling date of each ICS and each renewable biomass delivery and will help calculate the emission reductions attributable to each monitoring period. These records will enable determine the status of the CDM project activity: the number of ICS distributed, the quantity of renewable biomass distributed, information on baseline and previous monitoring surveys and verification results. Double counting will be avoided using appropriate record keeping procedures.
Prior to the start of the crediting period, the organization of the monitoring team will be established. Clear roles and responsibilities will be assigned to all staff involved in the CDM project. The Project Manager will coordinate and endorse the overall responsibility for all CDM monitoring of the project, including: - Develop, approve, execute, and improve the CDM Monitoring/Reporting Procedures; - Organize for restaurant’s seminar to inform and train the monitoring staff to the monitoring procedures; - Ensure that logistics is available and properly suited to efficiently perform the monitoring; - Communicate and coordinate the monitoring work of all business units; - Validate and electronically archive all monitoring data on a monthly basis throughout the crediting period (and conserve it at least for 2 further years); - Calculate and report the emission reductions; and - Coordinate the DOE work during the verification audit.
Their role description is displayed in the table below.
Role Description The person responsible for: Monitoring manager - Ensuring that project implementers are following the monitoring steps in accordance with the registered monitoring plan as required
38 Agreement contracts between microfinance institutions and BQS including monitoring responsibilities are available to the DOE
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by the UNFCCC guidelines and approved applied methodologies; - Ensuring that the equipment and measurements in the field are in line with the measurement methods and recording frequency and storing approaches; - Ensuring that all the monitoring data collected from project sites are consolidated and processed digitally in a central database; - Ensuring all monitoring team members received a proper training; - Ensuring that the project participant produces a coherent and standard monitoring report annually. The person responsible for: - Collecting all data for monitoring; Data manager - Register data in electronic database and keep hardcopies; - Following up with data calculations and annual monitoring set up. The person responsible for: Fields supervisors - Organizing monitoring in the field; - Product identification and maintenance of continuous record of the issued serial numbers along with distribution and commissioning; - Customer training and introduction to O&M during installation and commissioning; -Field agents training; - Collect Legal agreements with end-users and transfer to data manager. -Cross check monitoring information collected by Field agents. Field agents -The people employed locally working on diverse task for the project including monitoring tasks. The person responsible for: -Going in the field and collect raw data from restaurant for monitoring. -Make sign sale agreement to restaurants
Monitoring Plan
The project proponent has developed and provides a description of the monitoring plan for the present project activity. It identifies the monitoring provisions and data parameters that have to apply/monitor in accordance with the selected methodology.
Parameters to be monitored as per methodology AMS-I.E (Version 05):
Ndistributed_ICS,j,y Total number of distributed ICS (medium and large) or replaced by an equivalent appliance in year y pop restaurant,y Proportion of distributed ICS still operating or replaced by an equivalent in service appliance under similar conditions under the project activity in year y presidual_NRB,y Proportion of residual use of baseline wood-fuels in year y Mrenewable _biomass,y Quantity of renewable biomass consumed by the participating restaurants in year y Nmeals _restaurant,y Average number of meals prepared per restaurant in the year y Nrestaurant ,y Total number of participating restaurant in year y
A database 39 gathering data about ICS distribution will be maintained to consolidate and archive information about: - Number of ICS per type j distributed per restaurant
39 Most probably managed by microfinance institutions together with the project implementer
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- Date and quantity of briquettes delivered - Sales agreement signed number - Project stove’s serial number(s).
An external entity, most probably the CRUEA will be in charge of monitoring the quantity of meals distributed per restaurants.
Every field agent 40 will be trained to monitor during monitoring period p: - The operating status of the sampled restaurant - Number of meals cooked per restaurant of sample during monitoring period p - Mass of renewable biomass consumed by the restaurant based on delivery notes - In case of use of other biomass than BQS renewable supply, number of meals cooked with other biomass than BQS’ renewable briquettes.
In every centralized purchasing site a field agent from BQS sales team will be trained to monitor continuously: - Quantity of briquettes sold (renewable biomass) based on delivery notes - Date of delivery - Production site - Beneficiary restaurant - Wholesale
A delivery note will be emitted each time a restaurant will order renewable biomass with information regarding quantity of biomass ordered, date of delivery, beneficiary kitchen, production site (origin of briquettes) and address of delivery site.
The following figure shows the monitoring framework described.
40 Field agents are likely to be the students hired by the CRUEA. They have education and will be trained for conducting monitoring survey appropriately.
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Figure 6: Monitoring flowchart
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Data handling
Spreadsheets will be set-up for the compilation of all the data recorded. They will also be used to compute emission reductions effectively achieved by the project activity according to methodologies applied. All data monitored and project documents will be regularly archived electronically and printed out on hard copy for archiving until at least two years after the end of the crediting period.
Calculation of emission reductions
Emission reductions calculations will be automated through a functional spreadsheet model. This will allow for a regular check of emissions reductions achieved and comparison with ex-ante estimations in the PDD.
QA/QC procedures
Quality assurance and quality control procedures for recording and archiving data are meant to identify and then correct nonconformities in the project implementation or monitoring requirements.
Monitoring of renewable biomass production According to AMS I.E: "14. Monitoring should confirm the displacement or substitution of the non-renewable woody biomass at each location. In the case of appliances switching to renewable biomass the quantity of renewable biomass used shall be monitored."
The Quantity of renewable biomass delivered Mrenewable.biomass,y to each restaurant sampled will be monitored. Field agents will collects delivery notes as proof of Quantity of renewable biomass delivered.
The project proponent implementer has identified renewable biomass resources inside the country from agricultural wastes origin for feeding briquetting machines. A large quantity of agricultural wastes has been secured with contracts 41 in order to supply without any shortage all restaurants included in the project. Indeed, before including any new restaurant in the project, the supply capacity of the project proponent will be checked. In the sale agreement, the project proponent will commit to supplying the restaurant i without any shortage in order to ensure the replacement of all of the previous woodfuel used. Renewable biomass will be transformed into briquettes and then distributed by the project proponent implementer or authorised distributors. The amount of renewable biomass will be monitored from renewable biomass collection to end user delivery in order to determine quantity of biomass delivered per restaurant. SECTION C. Duration and crediting period C.1. Duration of project activity C.1.1. Start date of project activity
25/06/2012. The start date has been determined as the date of order of the pilot container (first committing project expenditure), in accordance with the Glossary of CDM terms .
41 Different contracts for biomass waste availability for the project have been provided to the DOE including pine needles, bagasse from sugar factory and coffee parchment.
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C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of project activity
The expected operational lifetime of the project activity is about 21 years. In the meantime, improved cook stoves will be systematically renewed at the end of their operational lifetime, as agreed with participating communities in the improved stove purchase contracts.
C.2. Crediting period of project activity C.2.1. Type of crediting period
The project activity will use a renewable crediting period. This is the first renewable crediting period.
C.2.2. Start date of crediting period
01/06/2014 (expected bulk stoves commissioning date), or on the date of registration of the CDM project, whichever is later.
C.2.3. Length of crediting period
7 years. SECTION D. Environmental impacts D.1. Analysis of environmental impacts No Environmental Impacts Analysis is required by the host Party for this type of project activity 42 . However to demonstrate the safety and positive impacts of the technology used by the project, a voluntary Environmental Impact Assessment has been performed and has been provided to the DOE.
Besides, the project activity implemented will directly benefit to the population by reducing respiratory disease due to toxic fumes and curbing the rate of deforestation throughout Burundi.
SECTION E. Local stakeholder consultation E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders A. Procedure followed to invite stakeholder comments
The national stakeholder consultation consisted of a public meeting with the identified stakeholders 43 . Local and national policy makers and stakeholders were invited by post mail – see invitation material 44 . Local population was invited through post mail to their representatives, through flyers diffusion and public displays.
B. Program of the public meeting
Date: January 13 th , 2012 at 9.00 am Place: Olympafrica (hall of Olympic Stadium), Kanyosha Commune, Bujumbura Mairie Province Language : Kirundi Duration: 3 hours and 30 minutes
Meeting procedure: - Introduction / Mayor of Bujumbura / DNA Permanent Secretary/ Project Developers - Context and objectives of public consultation
42 It has been confirmed during one site visits’s interviews with local authorities. 43 Press article from local newspaper covering the Local Stakeholder Consultation has been provided to the DOE 44 Invitation template has been provided to the DOE
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- Project description o Improved cookstoves o Renewable biomass - Presentation of the Clean Development Mechanism - Environmental and socio-economic impacts - Modalities of purchase and use - Status of the project - Video Spot Projection - Questions and answers with participants - Conclusion / Cocktail
Note: During this meeting, BQS jointly presented the project for restaurants and its other CDM projects aimed at other Burundian communities (households, schools, polices, etc.).
The list of participants (163 registered participants) attending the public consultation is provided to the DOE 45 .
Key invitees present were: • Mr. Sef Sabushimike, Presidential advisor, Government of Burundi • Ms. Bernadette Hakizimana, Director of Environment at the Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning (MEEATU), DNA Permanent Secretary • Mr. Felix Ngengabanyikwa, Director of Forest Department at the Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning (MEEATU) • Mr. Ezeckiel Nibigira, National Deputy, President of party CNDD-FDD's youth league • Deogratias Suzuguye, Head of Penitentiary Matters, Ministry of Justice • Serges Irambona, Head of National Police Logistics, Ministry of Public Security • Mr. Niragira Félix, National Deputy (CNDD-DDD) • Mr. Evrard Giswaswa, Bujumbura Mayor • Anatole NIYONKURU, Secretary of Education Ministry
Media: • Burundi National Radio and Television (RTNB) • “Le Renouveau” newspaper
Figure 7: Picture of the stakeholders attending public consultation
45 Copy of attendance sheets have been provided to the DOE.
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E.2. Summary of comments received
Participant’s questions/concerns Project proponent’s answers Julien Ntarugera, Manager, Techno Solar Yes, BQS’s improved cookstoves will have a Company. warranty of five years to the original owner 1. Is there a lifetime guarantee on your against defects in materials and workmanship for improved cookstoves? How does the lifetime of improved cookstove. If a product warranty works? ever fails due to a manufacturing defect, we will repair the product, without charge, or replace it, at our discretion. This warranty does not cover damage caused by accident, improper care, negligence, normal wear and tear, or the natural breakdown of colors and materials over extended
time and use. Damage not covered under
warranty will be repaired for a reasonable rate and return shipping will be charged.
2. Have you considered local Local artisans and entrepreneurs cannot support a manufacturers, contributing to job massive manufacturing and ensuring quality and creation and lowering production traceability of improved cookstoves at such scale. cost? Why did you decide to Few years ago, the Office of the United Nations outsource the manufacturing and High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assembling of improved embarked on an initiative of improved cookstoves? cookstoves in Burundi. The scheme was unsuccessful for many reasons: the custom-built stoves were expensive and not appropriate for refugees cooking habits; dissemination was limited because stoves were made on-site at a slow rate by local artisans and entrepreneurs, and quality control was nonexistent. BQS has decided to outsource the manufacturing and assembling of improved cookstoves for quality and quantity reasons. At the moment, BQS has a partnership with Sabah Enamel & Stove Industry base in Turkey to support the manufacturing and
assembling of improved cookstove. The project leads to a technology transfer. The project will provide employment opportunities for local people to improved cookstoves supply chain and distribution channels, renewable biomass supply chain and distribution channels, campaign 3. Could the stove’s high efficiency marketing. prematurely degrade the cooking pots? No because wood & briquettes have a lower calorific value than woodfuel therefore such renewable fuels will be less harmful to the pots.
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Participant’s questions/concerns Project proponent’s answers Ezeckiel Nibigira, National Deputy, Bujumbura Mairie and Rural Province [Full endorsement of the project, including congratulations to project developers, inputs on economic benefits to households and safeguard of existing forests] 1. However, is it really not possible to There are prerequisites to start the CDM project, accelerate the project start? including public consultation. CDM project needs to be registered by the UNFCCC, namely the CDM Executive Board. We do our best to start the mass distribution before the end of 2012.
2. On behalf of a member of the “ADIDI” One of renewable biomass ressources identified organization whose activity is nursery for the PoA “Renewable biomass fired improved production, can you detail tree-planting cookstoves programme for households in operations that you intend to undertake Burundi by BQS” is biomass wood wastes during the project? 46 collected from existing forests. The exploitation of this resource will be achieved by BQS under contract partnership with forests department. We are planning to plant 1,000 hectares per year for the duration of the project, starting from first carbon credits availability. The “Association ADIDI” was identified as a future partner to supply seeds of trees. 47 Bernadette Hakizimana, Director of - Environment at the Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning (MEEATU), DNA Permanent Secretary [Highlights on BQS project contribution to empowering women thanks to renewable biomass fired improved cookstoves achieving the following : Reduce the time and cost of procuring fuel, thereby freeing individuals for other productive activities; Reduce disease and save lives by decreasing exposure to indoor air pollution; Reduce the risk of violence against women a children gathering fuel in conflict areas.
46 This question regarded the PoA “Renewable biomass fired improved cookstoves programme for households in Burundi by BQS” developed by BQS where renewable biomass will be produced thanks to sustainable management of existing Forests for households. 47 For the proposed project the biomass will come from agro-industrial wastes transformed into renewable briquettes.
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Participant’s questions/concerns Project proponent’s answers Venant Barindogo, IFDC [Supporting considerations on woodfuel consumption and the importance of raising awareness. Confirmation that their own experimentation with local manufacturing did not succeed because of poor quality of the scrap metal and bricks used] The stove’s cost has to be aggregated with the Isn’t the final cost still quite high compared to significant monthly savings enabled on the fuel, citizens’ buying power? hence a very profitable overall acquisition. [N.B. this answer was specifically given for the context of the parallel CDM initiative of BQS for households, although it remains valid in the case of communities which operating expenditures will also decrease]. Felix Ngengabanyikwa, Director of Forest Department at the Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning (MEEATU)
1. Felix Ngengabanyikwa is suggesting that BQS has taken note of proposal and will analyze each improved cookstoves purchaser could how to integrate this aspect in its programme. plant a new tree at home to mitigate further Anyway, its commitment to plant 1,000 ha per the climate change effects. annum already exceeds this individual suggestion.
2. Do you accommodate for recycling of Most parts of the improved cookstoves can be discarded improved cookstoves at the end of recycled. BQS will contact existing recycling their use? industries that can collect and process such recyclables. Jean Marie Masumbuko, Pastor of ECCA Kanyosha (Evangelical Church of Central Africa) 1. How many improved cookstoves do you Each household might buy as many improved 48 plan per household? cookstoves as necessary as long as one ICS replaces one former traditional stove.
2. If the refractory brick breaks down, do you Spare bricks will be available. Warranty plan to replace them for free? application or replacement for a fee in case of misuse will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
48 This question regarded the PoA “Renewable biomass fired improved cookstoves programme for households in Burundi by BQS” developed by BQS where target population is households.
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Participant’s questions/concerns Project proponent’s answers Salvator Mpangaje, Neighborhood Leader of This agreement contains the terms and conditions Nyakabiga that apply between BQS and improved Could you tell me more about the product cookstoves end user: acquisition agreement between BQS and end user? i. A complete abandonment of the use of traditional stove(s) ii. Adoption and sustained use of ICS iii. Exclusive use of renewable biomass with ICS iv. Record of periodic consumption of renewable biomass v. Acceptance of periodical audits by monitoring agents. Such monitoring is needed for transparent verification in carbon projects and for improved dissemination with the highest adoption and the substitution of cooking practices. Zacharie Tuyaga, Pastor of ECCA Ruziba No, it is not forbidden and could be included in (Evangelical Church of Central Africa) later additions to the program. They are even Is it forbidden that craftsmen imitate and encouraged to do the same, there is no restriction manufacture the improved cookstove? as the objective is to substitute as much renewable biomass or briquettes as possible instead of non-renewable woodfuel. Aaron Ntakarutimana, Local Councillor, [answers by Ezeckiel Nibigira, National Deputy, Commune of Kamesa-Musaga, Bujumbura Bujumbura Mairie and Rural Province] The Mairie Province current policy aims at raising people’s awareness Since the project is of national interest, could you about changing habits in order to consume less not convince the Government to fund free and be more concerned by environment cookstoves for the benefit of the population? preservation, based on everyone’s means. Government support is ensured in many ways, including facilitation of access to renewable biomass and administrative support, but Government cannot afford financial support. Agnès Hakizimana, Local Councillor, Commune The objective is to decrease wood fuel of Murwi, Cibitoke Province consumption as much as possible but totally 1. If woodfuel is phased out, how will the less suppressing is not possible. Anyway, all efforts fortunate who couldn’t acquire the improved are made to bring the stove price affordable to cookstove cope? all. 2. How do you to commercialize your BQS has taken the challenge up of developing improved cookstoves and renewable markets for improved cookstoves and renewable biomass? What is BQS commercialization biomass in Burundi by: strategy? Leveraging mass marketing resources and traditional trade networks. Working with existing local dealer networks that market, sell, and distribute products while pragmatically ramping-up depending on penetration rates. Teaming up with NGOs and Microfinance Institutions to take advantage of a pre-existing network of relationships.
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Participant’s questions/concerns Project proponent’s answers Innocent Ngomirakiza, Association « Action BQS sees no inconvenient for partnering with ceinture verte pour l’environnement (ACVE) » ACVE. Thank you for your interest in submitting ACVE implements projects to protect the a partnership proposal to BQS. We will contact riversides in Bujumbura through afforestation. you soon. Our association is 100% behind BQS project; We Low-income Burundian households disconnected are asking to be associated through afforestation. from retail markets will be able to access the 1. How can low-income users with no access stoves through the local NGOs identified as sales to banks of microfinance still acquire the partners; local authorities’ network will also be stoves? 49 leveraged on. 2. Can the stoves accommodate for locally made brick pots? The use of local brick pans is getting very marginal given the availability and affordability of metal pots countrywide. Oscar Ntirandekura, Neighborhood Leader of Twinyoni, Kamenge Commune 1. Do you plan information and demonstrations The sale outlets will be places of information and on improved cookstoves use in demonstrations on stove use. A booklet will also neighborhoods? be available for end users. 2. What woodfuel will be used before the Government has awarded BQS with mature plantations start yielding wood? forests to sustainably clean and maintain, duty which wasn’t performed for the last 20 years. Hence the immediately available renewable wood source. Omer Manirakiza, Neighborhood Leader of Cibitoke, Bujumbura Mairie [congratulations from what was observed on the running demonstration of improved cooking stove outside the auditorium, in that it seems to save great Yes it is confirmed, the programme for deal of time] households will start from Kanyosha. Can you confirm that the pilot commune is the commune of Kanyosha?
49 This question regarded the PoA “Renewable biomass fired improved cookstoves programme for households in Burundi by BQS” developed by BQS where target population is households.
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Participant’s questions/concerns Project proponent’s answers Shemsa Ciza, Local Councillor, Commune of Kinama, Bujumbura Mairie Province 1. Is it possible to grill meat/fish like on a Yes indeed, you only need to install an BBQ? appropriate grate. 2. Why improved cookstoves are effective in According to the World Health Organization, terms of reduction on health impacts? exposure to smoke from open fires and traditional cookstoves leads to pneumonia, chronic respiratory disease, and lung cancer, etc. With an ICS, you reduce pollution emissions and you reduce kitchen concentrations of carbon monoxide. You reduce disease and save lives by decreasing exposure to indoor air pollution. Note that fuelwood needs to be welldried, which BQS will ensure before commercializing it.
E.3. Report on consideration of comments received
As guaranteed to all participants, all recommendations were highly valued and taken into consideration promptly, including: - Full information availability (on request to project representatives whose coordinates were handed out during consultation, in flyers, newspapers and posters); - Best efforts to ensure a rapid ramp-up and provide sufficient improved cookstoves and renewable biomass to match the widely enthusiastic demand; - Continuous communication with community leaders and authorities to fine-tune the approach and cope with any issue for resolution.
SECTION F. Approval and authorization
LoA from host party has been issued on 19.07.2013. LoA from Switzerland has been released the 21.02.2014.
- - - - -
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Appendix 1: Contact information of project participants
Organization BURUNDI QUALITY STOVES S.A. Street/P.O. Box Quartier Industriel, avenue Nyabissindu, B.P. 56 12 Building - City Bujumbura State/Region - Postcode - Country Burundi Telephone +257 22 25 94 70 Fax - E-mail - Website - Contact person Ephraim Ndayishima Title General Manager Salutation Mr Last name Ndayishima Middle name - First name Ephraïm Department - Mobile +257 79 93 07 18 Direct fax - Direct tel. - Personal e-mail [email protected]
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Organization Ecoinvest Carbon SA Street/P.O. Box 13 Route de Florissant Building - City Ch 1211 Geneva State/Region - Postcode P.O Box 518 Country Switzerland Telephone +41 22 59 29 765 Fax +41 22 5803 360 E-mail [email protected] Website - Contact person Francois Gigante Title - Salutation Mr Last name Gigante Middle name - First name Francois Department - Mobile - Direct fax +41 22 5803 360 Direct tel. +41 22 59 29 765 Personal e-mail -
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Appendix 2: Affirmation regarding public funding
This section is not relevant, as no public funds are involved in the Project.
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Appendix 3: Applicability of selected methodology
No additional information is provided here as all applicability conditions of selected methodology have already been described inside the PDD.
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Appendix 4: Further background information on ex ante calculation of emission reductions
The Renewable Briquettes Facilities The project technology employs direct compaction (binder-less) equipment – Jumbo-90 Briquetting Machine , most popular in India. Jumbo-90 is a flagship model of briquetting industry with high production, low conversion cost and easy operation. These binders-less briquetting machines are based on very high compaction characteristics of combustible cellulosic agro waste such as bagasse saw dust, groundnut shells, etc. into cylindrical briquettes under high pressure & process heat.
Figure 8 : Jumbo-90 briquetting machine overview
The features of Jumbo-90 are: Acceptability up to 20 mm size of raw material. (No need of powdery from) ; High density of finished product with 90 mm diameter ; Low electric consumption due to direct feeding without hammer mill ; No loss of production & Air pollution due to direct feeding system ; Expected lifetime of 25 years. Table 7: Electricity consumption specifications
Supplied Elec.Motor (HP) 50 Required Load (HP) Main elec. Motor 75 60 Feeding Kuppy gear 7.5 5 Screw Conveyor 3 2 Lubrication 3 2 Total HP 88.5 69 Total equivalent kW 66kW 35 - 38 kWh/Metric Tonne of biomass 51
50 1 Horse Power (HP) is equal to 0.7456 kW 51 Information given by the technology provider
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PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE USEFUL THERMAL OUTPUT OF ICS As per the Clean Development Mechanism Project Standard (Version 5.0) to determine the performance of equipment used in the proposed small-scale CDM project activity, project participants shall use: (a) The appropriate value specified in the selected methodology; (b) The national standard for the performance of the equipment type (project participants shall identify the standard used) if the value specified in subparagraph (a) is not available; (c) An international standard for the performance of the equipment type, such as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards (project participants shall identify the standard used) if the value specified in subparagraph (b) is not available; (d) The manufacturer’s specifications, provided that they are tested and certified by national or international certifiers, if the value specified in subparagraph (c) is not available; (e) Performance data from test results conducted by an independent entity for equipment installed under the project activity if the value specified in subparagraph (d) is not available.
Not any value are specified in methodology (option a is not available), no any national standard for the performance of equipment type is identified (option b is not available) therefore option (c) is used: an international standard is used for determining equipment performance. Water Boiling Test protocol 52 has been used and test results provided to the DOE.
Useful thermal output The Berkeley’s WBT (Water Boiling Test) protocol was used for testing performance. The useful thermal output of a cook stove can be determined as the mean effective thermal power, i.e. the quotient of effective energy delivered for the cooking process divided by heating time. In other words, this corresponds to the average rate of energy released from fuel combustion that is transferred to the pot over the duration of a certified water boiling test. Useful thermal output of ICS was computed as follows: C * m * (T − T ) + H * (m − m ) p w,i f i v w,i w, f t c
Where:
I. cp Heat capacity of water (4.186 J/g°C)
II. mw,i Mass of water prior to test
III. Tf Water temperature after test
IV. Ti Water temperature prior to test
V. Hv Enthalpy of vaporization of water (2,260 J/g)
VI. mw,f Mass of water after test
VII. tc Test duration
52 http://www.pciaonline.org/node/1048
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Appendix 5: Further background information on monitoring plan
MONITORING INFORMATION
Implementation plan (Procedures for Administering Data Collection and Minimizing Non- Sampling Errors) 1. Population identification. At the beginning of each annual monitoring session, the monitoring universe will be established by concatenating the register of all restaurants having received ICS. 2. Sample size calculation. For determining the sample size, the formula provided in section E7.2 will be used. For determining the value of p, project proponent shall decide either to monitor the proportion or its reverse as it is described in section E7.2. The value of p residual_NRB,y and pop restaurant,y is estimated ex-ante for the first monitoring session. For subsequent monitoring sessions, the value monitored at the session p-1 will be used. A sample size is calculated in order to meet reliability requirements. 3. Oversampling. Depending on the size of the sample, an oversampling is applied as described in the section E7.2. The outcome is the sample size chosen for monitoring period p. 4. Sample selection. A sample of restaurant will be selected out of the global population using random number generation software for the monitoring of presidual_NRB,y , pop restaurant,y and Nmeals_restaurant,y . 5. Monitoring agents will be designated their respective random sample drawn from the population of all restaurants. They will receive a corresponding list of restaurants with contact details and address but without stoves serial number. They will have to input the serial number of the targeted stove(s) along with each user survey, so that a serial matching-strategy at monitoring results consolidation level (independent) can assure the existence and accuracy of the surveyed users. 6. Monitoring agent’s visit. Monitoring agents will visit the restaurants and use strategic questions and requirements to credibly assess valid use of ICS, and detect abnormal answers/evidence or obvious outliers. The quantity of residual baseline wood-fuels that is still consumed by the customers will be calculated by taking the ratio of meals per month (or week) cooked using non- renewable biomass over the number of meals cooked (presidual_NRB,y). If it appears that the cook stoves is no longer used at the address because it has been transferred to someone else or the restaurant has moved out, the monitoring agent will have to determine the new location of the stove (restaurant) and if it appears to be still within the boundary of the monitoring, the agent will have to visit the new location in order to determine if the stove is still functioning or not. The corresponding entry of this particular restaurant in the relevant databases and registers shall be updated with the name of the new owner and his contact details. 7. In case a restaurant refuses to participate in monitoring, if the stated reasons for such behaviour appear to be legitimate the corresponding restaurant shall not be considered as neither operating, nor non-operating. Given that oversampling is implemented in order to take into consideration such case, no particular consequences are expected on the reliability of the study. In all cases field agents shall be prompted to minimize the number of non-responding restaurant. Statistical testing will be implemented on monitoring agent results in order to determine potential fraud or cheating. Where a credible suspicion of such would appear, the user list of the suspected agent will be handed to another agent not known of the first one in order to verify if the results are genuine. If it appears that the suspected agent has committed fraud, he shall be relieved from his duty and he shall not participate in subsequent monitoring activities under the project.
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8. Consolidation of monitoring visits results will be undertaken by two separate parties in order to crosscheck the resulting lists. If any discrepancy were to appear between both consolidated files, a third team will have the task to reconcile the differences. Any abnormal response will be thoroughly inquired and documented, and the related issues conservatively addressed. If divergences are still not solved, the most conservative consolidated list shall be adopted. 9. Record keeping . All documents, lists and questionnaires produced during monitoring shall be saved preferably under electronic format with physical copies securely stored as evidences under the direct responsibility of the data manager and the supervision of the monitoring manager.
Replacement procedures It will be stated in the sale agreement that each ICS will be sold at a subsidized price with a warranty. The length and conditions of the warranty period may vary across different types of ICS under the project. In addition the sales agreement states that restaurant may be granted the possibility of buying a new ICS in replacement of their old ones when those will have exceeded their lifetime. Prior to any replacement, ^project proponent implementer will have to collect the proposed ICS specifications. Generally project proponent implementers will be likely to provide the same model of stove than previously operational and in all cases new appliance shall have efficiency at least equal to the replaced ICS.
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Appendix 6: Summary of post registration changes
Not applicable.
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Appendix 7: Index of tables and figures
Figure 1: Area of implementation of the project activity...... 5 Figure 2: Improved Institutional cookstove with briquettes ...... 7 Figure 3: Briquettes made of renewable biomass wastes ...... 7 Figure 4: Change in forest cover in Burundi between 1990 and 2010 ...... 10 Figure 5: Project boundary ...... 12 Figure 6: Monitoring flowchart ...... 44 Figure 7: Picture of the stakeholders attending public consultation ...... 58 Figure 8 : Jumbo-90 briquetting machine overview ...... 71
Table 1: Indicative Number of participating restaurants ...... 5 Table 2: SOBAH’s institutional improved cookstoves specifications ...... 7 Table 3: Anteriority of non-renewable biomass consumption ...... 12 Table 4: Gases included in the boundary related to the project activity ...... 14 Table 5: Project timeline and early consideration and continuation of actions to secure CDM...... 22 Table 6: Historical consumption of woodfuel equivalent ...... 27 Table 7: Electricity consumption specifications ...... 58
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Appendix 8: Bibliography
1. EAC. (2008). Strategy on Scaling-Up Access to Modern Energy - Burundi Country Report. Retrieved from East African Community: http://www.eac.int/energy/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=52&Itemid=70
2. EUEI. (2011). Energy Strategy and ACtion Plan for Burundi.
3. GTZ-HERA. (2012). Manual for Programs and Projects to Implement Cooking Energy Interventions. Retrieved from http://www.hedon.info/CEC%3ASupplyAssessmentandResponseStrategies?bl=y
4. IFDC. (2010). Study of the supply flows of Bujumbura city in wood fuel (firewood and charcoal).
5. Republic of Burundi, Ministry of Energy, Water department. (2011). Elaboration of a strategy for Energy sector in Burundi. (strategic plan for energy sector in Burundi)
6. Republic of Burundi. Ministry of Energy and Mines, E. a. (2011, January). National Energy Letter.
7. République.du.Burundi. (2008). Troisième recensement general de la population et de l'habitat. (Third general census of the population)
8. Rob Bailis, A. C. (2009). Arresting the Killer in the Kitchen: The Promises and Pitfalls of Commercializing Improved Cookstoves.
9. UNFCCC. (2012). Ratification Status.
10. UNFCCC-DNA. (2012).
11. World.DataBank. (2010). Change in forest cover in Burundi between 1990 and 2010 (spreadsheet).
12. World-Health-Organisation. (2006). Fuel for Life: Households Energy & Health.