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March 2002

New records of (Diptera) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park - II

Bruce D. Sutton Florida state Collection of , Bureau of Entomology, Division of Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL

Gary J. Steck Florida state Collection of Arthropods, Bureau of Entomology, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL

Don DeFoe Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN

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Sutton, Bruce D.; Steck, Gary J.; and DeFoe, Don, "New records of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park - II" (2002). Insecta Mundi. 532. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/532

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 1

New records of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park - I1

Bruce D. Sutton, Gary J. Steck Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Gainesville FL 32614-7100, U.S.A. [email protected]; [email protected] Don Defoe* Great Smoky Mountains National Park Gatlinburg TN 37738, U.S.A.

Abstract. Thirty additional species of tephritid (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), including historical records, are presented together with information on host(s), if known, distributions, and life histories. This brings the total number of tephritid flies recorded from GSMNP to 46.

Introduction distribution in the U.S.A., often into Canada, and reach their southernmost limits in the vicinity of As part of the All Taxon Biological Inventory the southern Appalachian Mountains, at least in being conducted in Great Smoky Mountains Na- the southeastern part of their range. Only one tional Park (GSMNP) (Sharkey 2001), we report species has a generally southern distribution that new distribution and host plant records for tephrit- reaches its northern extreme in the GSMNP re- id flies. Comments regarding previous known dis- gion. tributions and hosts are taken from Foote et al. picturata (Snow) - Cades Cove, 6-14 (1993) unless otherwise stated. Additional records August 2002. One adult was trapped (6m Malaise) were provided in Steck and Sutton (2000). Park at the western end of Cades Cove. New state localities with their corresponding States and Coun- record for Tennessee. New GSMNP record. This ties from which collections were made include: species is generally southern in distribution from Tennessee, Blount Co. - Cades Cove, Foothills Park- east to west coasts, with scattered records along the way West; Tennessee, Sevier Co. - Metcalf Bottoms, Atlantic seaboard north to Long Island, New York. Sugarlands Park Headquarters and Visitor Center; This is the first record from the Appalachian Moun- North Carolina, Haywood Co. - The Purchase, Cat- tain region. The only recorded hosts in the eastern aloochee Valley; North Carolina, Swain Co. - Twen- U.S.A., various species of Pluchea Cass. (Asterace- ty-Mile Station area, Raven Fork near the conflu- ae), are rare in GSMNP. ence of the Oconaluftee River, Spruce Fir Trail, and Campiglossa albiceps (Loew) -The Purchase, Newfound Gap. All collections were made by BDS 11-18 June and 5-16 August 2002; adults were and GJS, unless otherwise noted. Further details swept from an old field. Earlier records from this on the species listed below, and others, including region include two specimens in the Natural Histo- photographs of flies and their host , are ry Museum (GSMNP): "Mt. Buckley, 61001, 7-21- available at the World Wide Web site of the Florida 1957 and 7-30-1959". The following records are State Collection of Arthropods (www.fsca-dpi.org). from Blanc (1995) and the USNM: "North Carolina: Including the new records reported herein, a Devil's Court House, Blue Ridge Pkwy., 2.VIII.57, total of 46 species of tephritid flies has been record- W. R. Richards, 5f (CNC ), det. by FLB '82; North ed from GSMNP; approximately one-half (51%) of Carolina: Haywood, Chestnut Bald, Pisgah Natl. these have a generally broad eastern North Amer- For., 2.VIII.57, J. G. Chillcott, 5f (CNC ), det. by ica distribution, or are widespread across the U.S.A. FLB '82; Tennessee: Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mts. and beyond. The majority of the remaining taxa Natl. Park, Clingmans Dome, 35'33'46 83"29'55"W, (47%) have a generally northern, or northeastern, 6.VIII.57, C.J.Dufden, If (CNC ), det. by FLB '82; North Carolina: Bubbling Spr. Cr., nr Tennessee * Deceased Bald, 17.VII.57, J. G. Chillcott, If (CNC ), det. by 2 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

Figure 1. a. tortilis Coquillett; b. Eutreta caliptera (Say); c. Canzpiglossa albiceps (Loew); d. Neaspilota ueri~or~iae(Loew). All photographs by Jeffrey Lotz, FDACS-DPI, Gainesville, FL. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-Septeimber. 2002 3

FLB '82; North Carolina: Yancy, Mount Mitchell, commonly known as the ball gall , is 12.VIII.57, J. G. Chillcott, If (CNC ), det. by FLB widespread across the northern U.S.A. and south '82; Tennessee: Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Park, 35'37' into northern Florida (Brown et al. 1996), but was 83'301W, 20.VII.57, H.&A.Howden, If (CNC ), det. not previously documented from the southern Ap- by FLB '82; North Carolina: Blue Ridge Pkwy., Mt. palachian Mountains. In GSMNP, E. solidaginis Richland-Bal., 9.VI.65, J. G. Chillcott, lm (CNC), appears to be more common at the lower elevations det. by FLB '82; North Carolina: Smoky Mts., such as Cades Cove and Sugarlands than at the Andrews Bald, 9.VII.41, A. L. Melander, 6f (USNM), higher regions. It is present at The Purchase (ca. det. by FLB '82; Tennessee: Sevier Co., Great Smoky 5,000 feet), but it is not common there, and it has Mts. Natl. Park, Clingmans Dome, 18-19.VII.41, A. not been found in stands of the host at Newfound L. Melander, 4fl? (USNM ), det. by FLB '82; North Gap (5,046 feet). Carolina: Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Park, Newfound Eutreta caliptera (Say) - Metcalf Bottoms, Ridge, 11.VII.41, A. L. Melander, lmlfl? (USNM), 13-15 August 2002, puparia in galls of Erichtites det. by FLB'82". This species is widespread through- hieraciafolia (L.) Raf. (fireweed), adults eclosed 30 out the northern half of the U.S.A. well into Canada August 2002. New host record. The Purchase, 5- north to Alaska and is common in the open fields at 9 August 2002 (6m Malaise) and hand capture. An higher elevations in GSMNP. Various species of earlier record from GSMNP having label data: Aster () have been recorded as hosts "Tennessee: Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Park, 20.VII.57, (Novak 1974); however, no hosts have yet been H.&A.Howden, If (CNC ), det. by FLB '82" is in identified in GSMNP. Blanc (1995). Widespread in the eastern U.S.A. Dioxyna picciola (Bigot) - The Purchase, 7-9 south to northern Florida (unpublished FSCA September 2001, 11-18 June 2002, 11-16 August records). 2002; Cades Cove, 6-14August 2002. Earlier records Eutreta nouaeboracensis (Fitch) - Records include: "Tennessee: Indian Gap, 24.VII.57, W. R. include: "Tennessee: Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mts. Richards, 2f (CNC ), det. by FLB '82" (Blanc 1995). Natl. Park, Greenbrier Cove, 18.V.57, J. R. Vocker- Widespread throughout the U.S.A. and well be- oth, If (CNC ), det. by FLB '83; Tennessee: Indian yond. Common in open fields and meadows at the Gap, nr. Clingman's Dome, 6.VIII.57, W. R. Rich- lower elevations. Many species of Asteraceae have ards, If (CNC ), det. by FLB '83" (Blanc 1995). been recorded as hosts. Widespread in the eastern to central U.S.A. south (Loew) - one female from to the southern Appalachian Mountains. The only "TN: Sevier County: Great Smoky Mountains Na- recorded host is Solidago canadensis L. (as S. tional Park, Headquarters, 10 June 1946, R. R. altissima) (Asteraceae) (Stolzfus 1977). Dreisbach" in the collection of Montana State Uni- Eutreta rotundipennis (Loew) - Raven Fork versity (MSU) was listed in the unpublished thesis near the confluence of the Oconaluftee River, pupa of Ming (1989). New state record for Tennessee in stem gall of Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex (omitted from Foote et al. 1993). New GSMNP Kearney (Asteraceae), 4 November 2001. This is a record. This species has been collected sporadical- New state record for North Carolina. Previously ly in the northeastern U.S.A. south to North Caro- reported from Cades Cove (Steck & Sutton 2000). lina. The host is unknown but presumed to be one This species has now been reared from upper stem or more species of Solidago L. (Asteraceae). galls in V. alternifolia and V.occidentalis (L.) Walt. Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) -one adult swept from western Cades Cove with adults emerging in from an old field at The Purchase, 15May 2002, and May through September. Amnon Freidberg also galls collected from: Sugarlands Park Headquar- reared two specimens (USNM, TAUI) of this spe- ters, September 2001 (DeFoe, Steck, and Sutton); cies in 1993 from galls on V. alternifolia from Cades Cove, September 2001, May, June, and Au- Washington, DC, Rock Creek Park (A. L. Norrbom, gust 2002; Raven Fork near the confluence of the personal communication). These are new host Oconaluftee River, November 2001; and The Pur- records for E. rotundipennis. Verbesina alternifo- chase, May, June, and August 2002. New state lia appears to be the preferred host with V. occiden- record for Tennessee. New GSMNP record. Pre- talis utilized only late in the summer. Eutreta viously recorded from central North Carolina. Lar- rotundipennis has been recorded previously from vae were found in spherical aerial galls in stems of Kansas, Maryland, New York, and Texas (state Solidago canadensis L. sensu lato (Asteraceae) record only). This species, although rarely collected growing within or on the edge of old fields. This fly, elsewhere, is common throughout the open lower 4 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI elevations of the GSMNP wherever the host occurs July 2002. New host record. Additional larvae of in significant density. what is likely this species were collected in August, Gymnocarena mississippiensis Norrbom - 2002, but adults did not emerge from held material Cades Cove, 13-17May and 6-14August 2002. New that year suggesting that N. reticulata is multivol- state record for Tennessee. New GSMNP record. tine with an overwintering generation. The collec- Gymnocarena mississippiensis was described by tion site is a rather dry scrubby pineland along the Norrbom (1992) based upon four specimens from crest of the Chilhowee Mountains. The host ap- Kentucky and Mississippi. After publication an pears to be most common in recently burned areas additional specimen from Oklahoma was located in and/or along open steep slopes and roadcuts. This the FSCA bringing the total number of known species was previously recorded from Ohio and specimens to five. To date, an additional five spec- Michigan. It is likely that the southern Appala- imens have been trapped (6m Malaise) from two chian Mountains represent the southernmost ex- localities in the western end of Cades Cove. These treme for the distribution of this unusual Neaspilo- specimens differ from the holotype in the position ta. and extent of the hyaline wing spots but agree with Neaspilota vernoniae (Loew) - Cades Cove, the two paratypes from Mississippi and the speci- 6-14 August 2002; The Purchase, 11-16 August men from Oklahoma. Additional collections and 2002. New state records for North Carolina and study will be required to determine if all specimens Tennessee. New GSMNP record. Adults swept are conspecific. The host is not yet known, but other from Vernonia noveboracensis and/or V. gigantea. Gymnocarena are recorded from Verbesina species Adults are usually found on or near unopened which are abundant in the area. To date, G. missis- flowers of the host, often in conjunction with other sippiensis has been recorded only from western species of Neaspilota. Previously recorded from the Cades Cove in GSMNP. central U.S. Plains States to the northeast Atlantic Neaspilota albidipennis (Loew)-Cades Cove, states. Hosts are restricted to Vernonia species. 7-8 August 2002; The Purchase, 5-16 August 2002. finalis (Loew) - Cades Cove, 6- New state records for North Carolina and Ten- 14 August 2002; The Purchase, 11-16 August 2002. nessee. New GSMNP record. Adults swept from New Tennessee state record. New GSMNP Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. andlor I? gi- record. We have another record of specimens from gantea (Walt.) Trel. (Asteraceae). Adults are usual- North Carolina, Watauga County, Valle Crucis, 24- ly found on or near unopened flowers of the host, 27 May 1999, swept from Asteraceae in an old field. often in conjunction with other species of Neaspilo- An earlier record: "North Carolina: Macon Co., ta. This species is generally northern in distribu- Highlands, 9.V.57, J. R. Vockeroth, lm (CNC), det. tion from the Great Plains states to the east coast, by FLB '82" (Blanc 1995) was omitted from Foote et with isolated records from east-centralTexas. These al. (1993). In GSMNP, adults were swept from an are the first records from the southern Appalachian old field and bordering woodland edge containing a Mountains. Hosts are restricted to species of Ver- variety of Asteraceae, and we reared adults from an nonia. unidentified yellow-flowered species in Cades Cove. Neaspilota floridana Ibrahim - The Pur- Neotephritis finalis has been very widely collected chase, 11-16 August 2002. New GSMNP record. in the western U.S.A., and also occurs at scattered Previously recorded from nearby North Carolina. A locations in the eastern United States south to single adult specimen was swept from Vernonia northeastern Florida (unpublished FSCA record). noveboracensis andlor V. gigantea (Asteraceae). Neotephritis finalis is known to utilize a wide range This species is generally distributed throughout of Asteraceae as hosts and is expected to be gener- the eastern U.S.A. from Florida north to approxi- ally distributed throughout the open fields and mately the latitude of southern New York. Hosts bordering woodlands of GSMNP. are Vernonia species. Paracantha culta (Wiedemann)- Cades Cove, Neaspilota reticulata Norrbom and Foote - 15-16 June and 6 August 2002; Raven Fork near Chilhowee Mountains, Foothills Parkway West, 16 confluence with Oconaluftee River, 10August 2002. June 2002. New state record for Tennessee. New New state record for Tennessee. New GSMNP GSMNP record. Larvae of this recently described record. Adults were collected on the introduced species (Norrbom and Foote 2000) were collected Bull Thistle, Cirsium uulgaris (Savi) Tenore (Aster- from flower heads of Coreopsis major Walt. (Aster- aceae), growing in an open field in the upper reach- aceae) and an adult female reared, emerging 17 es of Cades Cove; however, no evidence for oviposi- INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 5 tion, eggs, larvae, or pupae have been found. The Snakeroot, Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Bull Thistle has not been recorded as a host for P. Robins (Asteraceae) at the three former sites and a culta. Widespread in the southeastern coastal plain single adult trapped (6m Malaise) from the western and the Great Plains states west of the Mississippi end of Cades Cove. Having a generally northeast- River, this species does not seem to have been ern distribution in the U.S.A. and bordering Cana- previously recorded from the Tennessee River drain- da, the southern Appalachian Mountains appear to age and north, including the Appalachian Moun- represent the southern extreme of occurrence. The tains. Known hosts are various Cirsium species. only known host is A. altissima. Procecidocharoi- Lilrely hosts for P. culta have not been frequently des penelope appears to be generally distributed encountered in GSMNP. throughout the higher elevations of GSMNP where Paramyiolia nigricornis (Doane) - one male the host is found but may be most common where from "North Carolina: Swain Co., Great Smoky there is a conifer overstory. Extensive searching at Mts. Natl. Park, Clingman's Dome, Forney Ridge somewhat lower elevations where the host was Trail, 35'33'N 83'29'W, 1829 m., 29 May 1999, S. D. abundant but with a deciduous overstory failed to Gaimari, lm (USNM USNM00215320), det. by A. locate this species. L. Norrbom" is in the USNM. New state record Rhagoletis chionanthi Bush - Sugarlands for North Carolina. New GSMNP record. This Park Headquarters, 6 September 2001 (DeFoe, poorly known species has been previously recorded Steck, & Sutton). New state record for Tennes- from the northeastern U.S.A. and north into Can- see. New GSMNP record. Third instar larvae ada. The southern Appalachian Mountains are were collected from ripe fruits of Chionanthus likely to represent the southern extreme for its uirginica L. (Oleaceae) and adults emerged during distribution. The host, or hosts, are unknown. June 2002 in the laboratory. At the same locality, a Procecidochares atra (Loew) - Sugarlands number of adults were trapped using yellow sticky Park Headquarters, 6 September 2001, (DeFoe, and McPhail traps during 6-15 August 2002. Most Steck, & Sutton); Cades Cove, 6 September 2001; published records of R. chionanthi have been from and The Purchase,7-9 September 2001. New state northern and central Florida, but it has also been records for North Carolina and Tennessee. New collectedin South Carolina and Pennsylvania (Bruce GSMNP record. In addition, empty galls undoubt- McPheron, personal communication). The host, C. edly of this species were also found in Solidago uirginica, is rare and localized in GSMNP and R. canadensis L. sensu lato (Asteraceae) at Cades chionanthi may well be restricted to a single culti- Cove and Raven Fork near the confluence of the vated plant at Sugarlands. Oconaluftee River, 4 November 2001. Adults were Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew)-Foothills Park- reared from leafy stem and apical galls on three way West, 10 July 2000; Cades Cove, 6-14 August species of Solidago: S. canadensis, S. erecta Pursh, 2002; and The Purchase, 11-18 June 2002. New and S. rugosa P. Mill. The latter two species repre- state record for North Carolina. New GSMNP sent new host records for P. atra. Leafy gall record. Larvae emerged from fruits of Prunus morphologies are quite diverse, ranging from "pine- serotina Ehrh. (Rosaceae) collected from the former apple-shaped" to "Christmas tree-shaped." Adults locality and a single adult was trapped (6m Mal- emerged within three weeks after the collection of aise) at each of the latter sites. This species is galls containing pupae during September. Proceci- widespread in the eastern and southern USA and dochares atra is widespread from Idaho to the had been previously recorded from northeastern northeastern United States and south to northern Tennessee. Its principal native host is P. serotina, Florida, but not previously recorded from the south- although other Prunus species also are infested, ern Appalachian Mountain region. This species is and it is a pest ("cherry maggot") in commercial common in open fields andlor woodland edges over cherry. Rhagoletis cingulata is probably far more a wide range of elevations in GSMNP. common and generally distributed in GSMNP than Procecidocharoides penelope (Osten Sack- these records would seem to indicate. en) - Spruce Fir Trail, and Newfound Gap, 9 Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) - The Pur- August 2002; The Purchase, 5-16 August 2002; and chase, 11-16 August 2002. New GSMNP record. Cades Cove, 6-14 August 2002. New state record Previously recorded from western North Carolina. for Tennessee. New GSMNP record. Previously Several adults were trapped (yellow sticky and red recorded from extreme southwestern North Caroli- ball traps) in cultivated apple. In addition, one na. A number of adults were swept from White adult was swept from a nearby grassy field. Also 6 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI known as the apple maggot, this fly is native to the 15.VIII.47, R. R. Dreisbach, (USNM), det. by RN eastern United States and has been introduced into (Blanc 1995) and a female in the USNM labelled several western States. It will likely be found wher- "Mt. Toxaway, alt. 3000-4000 ft. NC". Specimens ever old apple orchards still exist in GSMNP. This from The Purchase were swept from an old field. species has also been recorded from other Rosaceae This species has been reported from eastern and including Crateagus. western United States and Canada plus the Great Rhagoletis suavis (Loew) - Sugarlands Parlr Plains provinces of Canada. The southern Appala- Headquarters, 2 November 2001 (DeFoe, Steck, & chian Mountains appear to represent the southern Sutton); Cades Cove, 4 November 2001; Raven Fork extreme of its range in the eastern U.S.A. The host near the confluence of the Oconaluftee River, 4 for Stenopa vulnerata was reported as Senecio November 2001; and The Purchase, 5-16 August aureus (Asteraceae) (Novak and Foote 1975) which 2002. New state record for Tennessee. New GSM- is common throughout the fields, riparian wood- NP record. At all sites except The Purchase, late lands, and stream edges of GSMNP over a wide instar larvae were collected from husks of fallen range of elevations. fruits of Black Walnut, Juglaas nigra L. (Juglan- Strauzia perfecta (Loew) - SW boundary of daceae) and adults emerged in May 2002 in the GSMNP along State Road 28 east of Twenty Mile laboratory. In addition, adults were trapped (6m Station, 3 September 2001; and The Purchase, 7 Malaise) at The Purchase. This species, also known September 2001 . This species was previously re- as the walnut husk fly, is widespread in the eastern corded from GSMNP by Steck and Sutton (2000). United States south to north-central Florida and Larvae were collected from stem mines in Ambro- had been previously recorded from North Carolina. siaartetnisiifoliaL. (Asteraceae).New host record. Rhagoletis suavis appears to be extremely common Strauzia perfecta had been reported previously and widespread in the GSMNP wherever the host only from A. trifida L. (Steyskal 1986, Stolzfus is to be found. 1988). In GSMNP, A. trifida is relatively uncom- Rhagoletis sp. nr. mendax- Sugarlands Park mon, and we have collected S. perfecta larvae from Headquarters, 2 November 2001 (DeFoe, Steck, it only at Metcalf Bottoms. Ambrosia artemisiifolia Sutton), and Raven Fork near the confluence of the is more widespread in GSMNP and thus appears to Oconaluftee River, 4 November 2001. New state be the primary host of S. perfecta. Larvae-infested records for Tennessee and North Carolina. New stems of A. artemisiifolia were brought to the GSMNP record. Larvae of this undescribed spe- laboratory in September 2001; the larvae had va- cies of the Rhagoletis potnolzella complex were cated the stems by November to pupariate in the collected from fruits of Cornus florida L. (Cornace- soil, and adults emerged in summer of 2002. Strau- ae), and adults emerged in June 2002 in the labora- ziaperfecta has been recorded throughout the east- tory. This species, apparently restricted to the ern and central United States from Tennessee1 Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida, originally was North Carolina northward. included under Rhagoletis cornivora Bush (Bush Tephritis pura (Loew) - Cataloochee Valley, 1966); however, it is presently classified as an 16 May 2002; Sugarlands Headquarters, 17 May undescribed species of thepomonella complex more 2002; Cades Cove, 12 June 2002; SW boundary of closely related to R. lnerzdax (Smith and Bush GSMNP along State Road 28 east of Twenty Mile 1999). Previously recorded from Florida (Bush 1966) Station, 13June 2002; Raven Fork near the conflu- and "E. U.S." (Smith and Bush 1999). This Rhago- ence of the Oconaluftee River, 14 June 2002; The letis species appears to be generally distributed Purchase, 18 June 2002. New state record for throughout the low elevation woodlands where Tennessee. New GSMNP record. Previously re- flowering dogwood is a common understory ele- corded from extreme southwestern North Caroli- ment. na. At each site, puparia were talren from often Stenopa vulnerata (Loew) -The Purchase, 7- indistinct apical stem swellings in Solidago gi- 9 September 2001 and 5-16 August 2002. An earlier gantea Ait. (Asteraceae) and, possibly S. canaden- female is in the USNM with the following labels: sis (Asteraceae), from which adults emerged in the "Gt. Smoky Mts. National Park Tennessee I Head- laboratory in June-July of the same year. This is qtrs. June 15,1946 Geo. Steyskal". This represents the first host record for T. pura. An additional a New state record for Tennessee. Other records record is "St. Louis County / Duluth MN 1 UMD for North Carolina include : "North Carolina: Nance, research farm 1 collected 9 Sept 2002 / emerged 12 det. by Phillips '23; North Carolina: Smokemont, Sept 2002 I Host Plant " (Joanne INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 7

Itami, personal communication). This species is August 2002. Previously recorded from GSMNP at generally northern in distribution ranging through- Newfound Gap (Steclr & Sutton, 2000). An earlier out Canada and west to Alaska with the southern specimen from North Carolina has been located at Appalachian Mountains appearing to represent the USNM having the following label data: "North the southern extreme in the eastern United States. Carolina: Mitchell Range, Game Refuge, 3200 ft., This is probably one of the most common tephritids 22 Jun 1939, C. P. Alexander, 1 male (USNM in GSMNP; although adults have not yet been 00031324)". Specimens were also collected earlier collected in the field, galls containing their imma- from the Tennessee part of GSMNP: "Tennessee: ture stages are present in very large numbers in the Sevier Co., Great Smokey Mts. Natl. Park, Green- open fields of GSMNP during the spring and early brier, nr. Ranger Station, 20 Sep 2000, D. & M. summer. Davis, 2 females (USNM00031322, USNM Tomoplagia obliqua (Say) - Cades Cove, 2 00031323)". The latter specimens represent the September 2001, 12-17 June and 7-8 August 2002; first Tennessee state record for this species. SW boundary of GSMNP along State Road 28 east Numerous adults of this species were collected of Twenty Mile Station, 3 September 2001; The using 6m Malaise traps from western Cades Cove Purchase, June 2002. A previous specimen with the and The Purchase. Larvae obtained from large labels: "Tennessee: Knox Co., [unspecified locality], blotch leaf mines in Senecio aureus L. (Asteraceae) 22 Jul1956, lm (USNM USNM00051405), det. by from along Abrams Creelr in Cades Cove (15 June R. H. Foote"; is in the USNM. New state records 2002) were reared to adults in early July of the for North Carolina and Tennessee. New GSMNP same year. Senecio aurercs represents a new host record. An adult was hand collected on the inflo- record for this species. The range of variation seen rescence of Vernonia noveboracensis and/or V.gi- in the wing pattern of reared specimens from Sene- gantea at the Twenty Mile Station site. In addition, cio aureus is less than that of trapped specimens; it numerous adults were reared from flowers of Ver- is not clear if this represents sampling bias or if rzo7tia 7toveborace~zsisandlor V. gigantea from Cades there is a sympatric, cryptic species complex present, Cove emerging within a few weeks of collection perhaps utilizing additional, as yet undiscovered, (Sept-Oct, 2001) and adults trapped (61n Malaise) hosts. This species, or complex, appears to be rela- at The Purchase. Tonzoplagia obliqua has been tively common in the deciduous riparian woodlands recorded previously from the Mississippi River of GSMNP. valley, Florida, and scattered localities along the Zonosemata electa (Say) -The Purchase, 7-9 Atlantic coast north to Massachusetts, but not September 2001; Cades Cove, 6 September 2001 previously known froin the Appalachian Mountain (larvae), 15 June 2002, 6-14 August 2002. New region or Piedmont. Published hosts are various state record for North Carolina. New GSMNP species of Vernoizia. record. Previously recorded from Tennessee and Trupanea dacetoptera Phillips - The Pur- South Carolina. One adult was swept from an old chase, 11-18 June 2002. New GSMNP record. field containing Solalzum carolirzense L. (Solanace- Previously recorded from North Carolina: "North ae) at The Purchase and numerous larvae emerged Carolina: Lake Toxaway, If, det. by RHF'GO" (Blanc from fruits of S. carolinense collected from various 1995). Adults were trapped (6m Malaise) along the parts of Cades Cove. Additional adults were swept edge of an old field at about 5,000' elevation. Trupa- from the introduced Bull Thistle, Cirsiurn vulgaris nea dacetoptera has been recorded from the Missis- (Savi) Tenore (Asteraceae) in eastern Cades Cove. sippi River drainage east to the Atlantic coast and Zonosemata electa, although probably multivoltine from central Florida north to southeastern Canada. in Florida (Sutton & Steck, unpublished data), may In Florida, the host is Gnaphthalium obtusifoliunz be univoltine in GSMNP. Larvae emerging from L. (Asteraceae): however, there is one record from fruit collected in September 2001 overwintered as Pityopsis grantinifolia (Michx.) Nutt. (Asteraceae) pupae, and adults emerged May 2002 in the labora- (as Heterotheca rnicrocephala Small) (Benjamin tory. As yet, there is no evidence for an additional 1934). No host has yet been recorded for this species summer generation in GSMNP. Zonosernata elec- within GSMNP. ta, also known as the pepper maggot, is widespread Trypeta tortilis Coquillett - Cades Cove, 2-9 in the eastern U.S.A. It appears to be generally September 2001,13-17 May 2002,12-17 June 2002, distributed in open areas of the GSMNP where its 15 June 2002 (larvae); The Purchase, 7-9 Septem- host is present. ber 2001, 14-17 May 2002, 11-18 June 2002, 5-16 8 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

Acknowledgments phritidae) of America north of Mexico. Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY. 571 pp. We thank the National Park Service, and espe- Ming, Y. 1989. A revision of the genus Eurosta cially Keith Langdon, Inventory and Monitoring Loew, with a scanning electron microscope study Coordinator for the GSMNP, for facilitating this of taxonomic characters (Diptera: Tephritidae). study. Specimens were collected under NPS permit Thesis, Washington State University. xiv + 190 GRSM-00-103. They are vouchered in the Natural PP. History Museum (GSMNP) and the Museum of Norrbom, A. L. and B. A. Foote. 2000. A new Entomology, Florida State Collection of Arthropods subgenus, Footerellia, and new distribution (FSCA), Gainesville, Florida. Janet Rock of NPSI records of Neaspilota Osten Sacken (Diptera: GSMNP kindly identified or confirmed host plants. Tephritidae: Terelliini). Proceedings of the Joanne Itami of the University of Minnesota, Du- Entomological Society of Washington 102: 142- luth provided a T. pura specimen with host data. 150. We also thank Ms. Jeanie Hilton and others at Norrbom, A. L. 1992. A revision of the Nearctic Discover Life in America for providing accommoda- genus Gymnocarena Hering (Diptera: Tephriti- tions in support of our visits to the Park. Allen dae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society Norrbom of the Systematic Entomology Laborato- of Washington 94: 527-555. ry, USDA, provided records from the U.S. National Novak, J. A. 1974. A taxonomic revision of Dioxy- Museum (USNM) and the Blanc database as well as na and Paroxyna (Diptera: Tephritidae) for detailed comments on the manuscript. We mourn America north of Mexico. Melanderia 16: 1-53. the loss of our friend and co-author, Don DeFoe, Novak, J. A. & B. A. Foote. 1975. Biology and who passed away on 2 February 2003 during the immature stages of fruit flies: the genus Steno- preparation of this manuscript. This is Entomology pa (Diptera, Tephritidae). Journal of the Kan- Contribution No. 943, Bureau of Entomology, Nem- sas Entomological Society 48: 42-52. atology, and Plant Pathology, FDACS-DPI. Sharkey, M. J. 2001. The All Taxa Biological Inventory of the Great Smoky Mountains Na- References cited tional Park. Florida Entomologist 84: 556-564. Smith, J. J. and G. L. Bush. 1999. Phylogeny of Benjamin, F. H. 1934. Descriptions of some native the subtribe Carpomyina (), empha- trypetid flies with notes on their habits. United sizing relationships of the genus Rhagoletis, States Department of Agriculture Technical pp. 187-217. In Aluja, M. and A. L. Norrbom, Bulletin 401: 95 p. eds., Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Blanc, F. L. 1995. Accumulated collection data on Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton, the Tephritidae of North America north of Florida, 944 pp. Mexico. Unpublished database. Part of data Steck, G. J., and B. D. Sutton. 2000. New records used for distribution maps in Foote et al. 1993. for Tephritidae (Diptera) in Great Smoky Moun- Brown, J. M., W. G. Abrahamson, and P. A. tains National Park. Insecta Mundi, 14: 256. Way. 1996. Mitochondria1 DNA phylogeogra- Steyskal, G. C. 1986. of the adults of phy of host races of the goldenrod ball gallmak- the genus Strauzia Robineau-Desvoidy er, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). (Diptera, Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi 1: 101- Evolution 50: 777-786. 117. Bush, G. L. 1966. The taxonomy, cytology, and Stoltzfus, W. B. 1977. The taxonomy and biology evolution of the genus Rhagoletis in North of Eutreta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Iowa State America (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bulletin of the Journal of Research 51: 369-438. Museum of Comparative Zoology 134: 431-562. Stoltzfus, W. B. 1988. The taxonomy and biology Foote, R. H., F. L. Blanc, and A. L. Norrbom. of Strauzia (Diptera: Tephritidae). The Journal 1993. Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Te- of the Iowa Academy of Science 95: 117-126.