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Review Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091

UDANA -PHYSIOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING Sreelekshmi G1, Kulkarni Pratibha2 1PG.Scholar, 2HOD, Dept.of KriyaShareera , Sri Dharmasthala Manjunadheswara College of & Hospital, Hassan, , India

ABSTRACT Vata, the Yantradhara, is responsible for all functions in our body.Udanavata is con- sidered as Pavanottama. It is a KantasthaVayu (around the throat region) essential for per- forming Bhashita, Geetaadi karma (speech, singing) etc: It cooperates with Praanavayu for performing most of its functions. Both Praana and Udaana are needed for maintaining the normal functions as well as the homeostasis of upper part of the body. Keywords: Udanavata, Praanavata,Kantasthavayu,Bhashitageetaadi karma

INTRODUCTION Vata in its normal state makes all the Prāna,Udāna, Vyāna, Samāna and organs in our body perform their functions Apāna5. .Hence it is called by the name Yantra- Aim: The main aim of this article is to un- dhara.1 It is considered as the Prāna (life) derstand the various functions ofUdanava- of all individuals.2It is responsible for the yu. The Vayu that moves upward around movement and functions of Pitta and the Kantadipradesa (throat region) and Kapha just as the wind propels the clouds makes other parts or organs to perform to different locations.3In it is their functions is the Udanavata and it is mentioned that Vayu is the Prana (vital most important than anyother. The term part for life), Sugha and Ayu of an indi- Pavanottama has been used for describing vidual.4 From different contexts we will Udanavata.6It is considered as the understand the different functions of Vata Kantastha Vayu7 (around the throat re- such as Vibhutwat (present all over the gion). body) , Asukaritwat (quick in action), Location of UdanaVayu: Most Balatwat (it is strong in pitta and kapha), have the same opinion that Udana is locat- Anyakopanaat (it is vitiates other ), ed in Uras(chest).There is another opinion Swatantra (independent ), Bahurogatvat that it is located in Puphusa (Lungs),which (leads to several diseases)etc: It can con- is in Urahpradesha only8. Other staanas trol both manas (mind) and Indriya (sense are considered as its Sancharastaa- organs) and helps in the enjoinment of nas(important region it covers while mov- their particular Indriyarthas. Vata co- ing), such as Kanta (throat),Nasika ( nose) ordinates the functions of Dhatu, Mala and and Nabhi (around umbilicus)5. brings different body parts together in their Functions of UdanaVayu: Helps in position.On the basis of Sthanas (loca- VakPravruti (to speak or in speech mecha- tions)and Karmas(functions) Vata is clas- nism), Prayatna (efforts), Oorja(provide sified into mainly five types such as energy), Bala (strength), (helps in pronouncing different alphabets).5They Sreelekshmi G & Kulkarni Pratibha: Udana Vayu-Physiological Understanding helps in Bhaashitageetadi karma(singing , through which the functions bhashita respiration etc) and is responsible for sev- ,geetaetc: occurs ,that is they helps in eral UurdhvaJatrugataRogas (diseases af- Speech mechanism or in Sound mecha- fecting neck and above neck).6 Srotapree- nism The coordinated action of Atma nana, Dhi, Dhriti,Smruti,Manobodhanaadi (soul), Budhi (intellect) and Mana (mind) karma (functions of Mind such as con- stimulate Jataragni , which again stimu- sciousness, memory, talent etc).9 late the upward movement of Vata through Here we observed that the Sthaana men- the Urapradesha and produces Sabda tioned for Udana are almost similar to that (sound) .This Sabda due to the involve- of Prana. TheSthaana for Prana is ment of KantadiAvayavas(organs involved Moordha (head) and its Sancharasthāna in speech-tongue, lips, palateetc:) Varna (passes through) are Kanta (neck), Jihwa Samamnaya (meaningful words) are ut- (tongue) Nasika (nose) and Urah tered. Susruta mentioned different Varna (chest)10.The functions of Prana are Sht- (alphabets) that can be spoken with the eevanam (spitting), Kshavadhu (sneezing), help of different organs like lips, teeth, Udgaara ( belching),Swasa (inhalation), tongue etc. and the Sabda is created when Annapraveshana (deglutition), Budhi this Vayu flows in spaces and different or- ,Hrudaya and Mano dharana (maintains gans come in contact with such moving the normal functions of intellect Heart and air12. During inhalation, flows through mind) etc.10 The major difference between Nasa (nose), Talu (palate) and finally Prana and Udana is in their functions. reaches the Uras . During exhalation, the Functions of Pranavayu indicates its direc- air from the Uras flows out and comes in tion is from outside towards inside as well contact with talu, danta, osta, jihwafinally as from inside towards outside of the body. spoken words are formed. It can directly act on Annapraveshanadi Considering the Vakutpatti as Speech karma which is towards inside as well as Mechanism, we can explain the Physiolo- on Shteevana, Udgaara etc: functions like gy of Speech in brief. expelling out, which is towards outside. The stages of Speech mechanism are:- Udana helps in exhalation, speech, sing- Breathing stage ing, etc: in which the Vayu moves out- Phonation stage side.6Another difference is that Udana - Resonation stage UrdwamUpaiti (moves upward) while Articulation stage Prana –Urdwampratigachati11 (moves Breathing stage:- During Speech both in- upward,crosses the kanta and reach up- halation and exhalation takes place, for ward in head region). For Udana,Uras is maintaining the life. This is called Phonic the Ᾱvasthitastānam and for Prana, Uras respiration. Here inhalation time is reduced is the Sancharastanam. All these functions while exhalation time increased to 5-10 sec can be enumerated and explain like this and it can go up considerably. Uchwasa Karma: Udanavayu directs it- Phonation stage:-During speaking, voice is self upwards through Uras. When it is ex- produced when the expiratory air streams haled through Nasa (nose), person realizes from lungs, and goes up through Trachea, it. Udana in conjugation with Prana in- to the Larynx. The rapid vibration of vocal terns Svasanakarma (respiration) folds in the Larynx results in phonation. Vakpravrutti: Route of Udanavayu in- We can feel this vibration when we talk by cludes ura, kanta, mukha, nasa etc: 2501 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue 8; August- 2015 Sreelekshmi G & Kulkarni Pratibha: Udana Vayu-Physiological Understanding holding index finger and thumb to our lar- circulations. Hence it can nourish the skin ynx. and provide luster . Resonation stage:-Resonation is the pro- Dhi, Dhriti, : They are the special cess of voice amplification and modifica- functions of Manas(mind). Manasis situat- tion. ed in Hridaya. So Smriti can be connected Normally voice produced in phonation is with the functions of Udānavayu. weak. It becomes strong and rich only SrotaPreenana: Preenanam means when amplified and modified by human Tarppanam (Nourishment) .Udanavayu resonators and they are:-Upper part of lar- enters different Srotas(channels) for per- ynx, oral cavity, pharynx, nasal cavity forming different Karmas like Indriyapra- Articulating stage:-Articulation occurs sadanam and provide preeti to Manas. when the tone produced in the larynx is From the Ahararasa, the first Dhatu changed into specific sounds. This is the will be formed, from which uttoro- result of movement of articulators towards tharadhatu get originated. Their formation the points of articulation. Lips, Teeth, and circulation is assisted by Udanavayu Hard palate, Soft palate and Uvula help in by providing nutrients to Srotas of particu- articulation. lar Dhatus. There are a number of types of phonation. DISCUSSION The vocal folds can operate in a number of Vata is necessary for doing all the karma different ways, resulting in different types of our body. Udana does the functions re- of phonation such as Murmur, creaky lated to Urah and Manas. It has been men- voice, whisper etc: tioned that Udana has an upward motion. Prayatna: It can be the physical and men- Pranavata also has similar upward move- tal effort to do something. Whatever imag- ment. But it crosses the Kantapradesha ined in mind, such things are made into and reaches the Moordha.This is the main function through the effort of Udanavayu difference between both Udana and Prana. or Udanavayu induces a person to do his Both are necessary for performing all the work13 UrdwaJatrugata functions. Mainly Udana Urja: Urja can be Energy. The Meaning of acts as a stimulant for Prana.Its Urja explained in Chakradatta is Sanchaarasthana is similar to Prana ex- Balavarnanishpaadanam(something that cept in Shiras. Both cooperate with each provide Bala and Varna ). Urja provide other for performing their own Karma. Preenanam (nourishment) to the body Both play an important role in respiration, .Udanavata helps in providing proper speech and in providing nourishment or Preenanam and there by Bala,Urja,Preenana etc: Both helps to Bala, Varna etc: control the Manas and its functions, since Bala: Bala is strength.Udana provide bala Manas is situated in Hridaya. Hridaya can to all dhatusfor their proper circulation .It be UroHridaya or ShiroHridaya. helps in the exchange ofwate products in The simultaneous actions of Prana and the form of CO2, etc. through respi- Udana co-ordinate the functions of Manas, ration. Swasanadi karma, Annapraveshanadi Varna: Varna can be the luster of skin or karma etc: As if round shaped earthen pots it can be the different alphabets spoken are kept one on the top of other, their loca- during the air flow through oral and nasal tion in relation to house is similar, but each orifices. Udana ,is responsible for dhatu pot has different existence and different 2502 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue 8; August- 2015 Sreelekshmi G & Kulkarni Pratibha: Udana Vayu-Physiological Understanding functions. The location and areas of func- 7. Amara Simha , Pt. Haragovinda sastri, tions of Vayu are almost same but their Amarakosa (Namalinganusasana); Pra- functions are different. So it is clear that dhamakhanta,Pradhama Varganga:63. both are essential for maintaining the nor- :Chowkambha series mal functions as well as the homeostasis of Office,5.1984 mainly the upper part of the body. 8. S.Pandit Parasura- CONCLUSION ma,Vidyasagar.Adhamalla’sDipika and Functions of Udana are varied and not Kasirama’sGudhartha –Dipika on confined to any particular part or system. It SarngadharaSamhita of Sarngadhara. is primarily responsible for Vagutpatti and Pradhamakhan- its functions can be co-related with the da;Kalaadikakyanam:5,43. Varana- functions of Glossopharyngeal nerve, Va- si:Choukambha Orientalia,2012:57 gal nerve, Recurrent laryngealnerve, 9. D.Bhagwan,S.R.K.CharakaSamhita of Phrenic nerve. So diseases affecting these Agnivesha. Sootrashana; Vatavyadhi- nerves and the associated parts can be chikitsamadyayam :28, 7. Varana- managed by the management of Udanava- si:chowkambha Sanskrit series of- yu. Hence it should be protected along fice,2014:20 with other doshas. 10. D.Bhagwan,S.R.K.CharakaSamhita of REFERENCES Agnivesha.Sootrashana; Vatavyadhi- 1. D.Bhagwan,S.R.K.CharakaSamhita of chikitsamadyayam:28,10. Varana- Agnivesha.Sootrashana; Tisreshanee- si:chowkambha Sanskrit series of- yam:12,9. Varanasi:chowkambha San- fice,2014:20 skrit series office,2014:237 11. Sri Taranadha tarka Vachaspati 2. D.Bhagwan,S.R.K.CharakaSamhita of Bhattacharya,Vachaspathyam (bruhat Agnivesha.Sootrashana; ki- sanskrutabhidhaanam); Varana- yandasiraseeyamadyayam: 18,118. Va- si:Chowkambha Sanskrit series of- ranasi:chowkambha Sanskrit series of- fice,1967 fice,2014:334 12. Paniniyasikshashastra 3. S.PanditParasurama,Vidyasagar.Adha 13. Raja KantaDeva , Sabdakalpa- malla’s Dipika and drumam; Varanasi:Chowkambha San- Kasirama’sGudhartha –Dipika on skrit series office,1967 SarngadharaSamhita of Sarngadhara. Pradhamakhanda; Kalaadikaky- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR anam:5,25. Varanasi:Choukambha Dr. Sreelekshmi G Email: [email protected] Orientalia,2012:50 4. Ramayan 5. R.B., AshtangaSangraha of Source of support: Nil Vagbhatta. Sootrasthana; Doshabhe- Conflict of interest: None Declared deeyamadyayam: 20,4.Varanasi:Chowkambha Vish- vabharati,2006:300 6. M.K.R.Srikantha, SusrutaSamhita of Susruta.Sootrasthana;Vatavyadhi ni- danam:1,14.Varanasi:Chowkambha Orientalia,2012:463 2503 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue 8; August- 2015