DOCSLIB.ORG

Quantification and Modelling Approaches of Geoarchaeological Processes – the Course, Construction and Collapse of the Carolingian Canal Fossa Carolina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Quantification and modelling approaches of geoarchaeological processes – The course, construction and collapse of the Carolingian canal Fossa Carolina Von der Fakultät für Physik and Geowissenschaften der Universität Leipzig genehmigte DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von M. Sc. Geogr. Johannes Schmidt geboren am 08.12.1988 in Jena Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Christoph Zielhofer Prof. Dr. Hans-Rudolf Bork Tag der Verleihung: 19.04.2021 Dedicated to Luni „Denken and Wissen sollten immer gleichen Schritt halten. Das Wissen bleibt sonst tot and unfruchtbar“ oder „Die Natur muss gefühlt werden“ Alexander von Humboldt Abstract The European watershed runs across Europe and divides the river basins into a northern component and a southern component. Therefore, the river basins drain either northwards into the North Sea, Baltic Sea or North Atlantic, or southwards into the Mediterranean or Black Sea. There is no natural, fluvial connection between the North and South components. Between the cities of Weißenburg and Treuchtlingen in Bavaria, the Central European Watershed separates the catchment areas of the Rhine-Main System and the Danube System. The Swabian Rezat has its spring at the steep slope of the Frankenalb and runs northwards towards Weißenburg and drains into the Rhine-Main system. South of the European watershed flows the Altmühl, which drains into the Black Sea via the Danube. In the early Middle Ages, shipping routes were of the highest geostrategic interest and were used for military purposes in addition to the movement of people and goods. It was probably for these reasons that Charlemagne built a canal in 792-793 AD to provide a navigable connection (also known as Fossa Carolina). The Swabian Rezat and Altmühl rivers have a linear distance of ~2 km and the natural features (water supply, sedimentary architecture of the valley landscape, geological conditions) are almost ideal for the technical possibilities for canal construction in the early Middle Ages. The canal is of outstanding engineering quality. In the meantime, the canal has been filled in and is only visible in some places. In addition to archaeological, historical and geoscientific work, especially from the 20th century, an interdisciplinary research project has been investigating various aspects of the canal in since 2010. The focus of the research so far has been on proving the actual course of the canal, the archaeological documentation of specific finds and features of the canal and its surroundings, the history of the sedimentation of the canal, and the investigation of structures accompanying the construction. Furthermore, research was carried out on the archaeological and historical classification of the structure in the history of canal constructions. The decoding and comparison of geoarchaeological finds and processes is characterised by qualitative approaches. The description and documentation of a phenomenon and the way in which it manifests itself are usually the main focus. In recent years, however, methods have been developed from the disciplines of archaeology and archaeometry, geosciences and geoinformatics which serve to quantify geoarchaeological processes in the narrower sense in relation to monuments, but also in the broader sense in relation to landscapes. The aim of this work is to quantify individual processes of planning, construction and the collapse of the Fossa Carolina. High-resolution digital elevation models usually have the disadvantage that anthropogenic structures produce artefacts in the data which, although they represent the current surface, do not allow for natural- landscape-related, hydrogeographic calculations. A modelling of the pre-modern relief has been achieved by precise elimination of anthropogenic structures such as roads, buildings, railway lines, etc. The data basis is provided by official geodata of the State Office, OpenStreetMap and the historical cadastre I boundaries recorded in the beginning of the 19th century. For the semi-quantitative verification and validation of the modelling results, paleo-surfaces were recovered from drillings. The high-resolution pre- modern digital elevation model for the area around the Fossa Carolina allowed the calculation of the shortest hypothetical canal course. This is similar to the built original, conspicuously S-shaped and proves the topographical dependence of the canal construction. Hydrogeographic indices, such as the topographic wetness index, were used to justify the deviations of the actual canal course from the ideal line. It has demonstrated that the Carolingian builders had a comprehensive knowledge of the natural features of the area. They deliberately avoided wet areas with high groundwater levels and organic sediments, which would have been too unstable for the earthworks of the canal. Approaches to combine different geoarchaeological and geophysical methods and are not unknown, but mostly qualitative in nature. The previous investigations and analyses at the Fossa Carolina were combined by a new integrative and quantitative approach. Geometric and stratigraphic results from 3 archaeological excavation sections, 39 core drillings, as well as 2 direct push sensing transects with 105 colour logs were included. The resulting numerical 3D-model of the state of maximum excavation of the approx. 3 km long canal allows for the first time the calculation of the total excavation volume. Almost 300,000 m³ of material were moved for the construction. In contrast, the excavation dams that are still visible today, have a total volume of only approx. 120,000 m³. Therefore, almost two thirds of the total excavated material are no longer preserved in the dams, but have been eroded or removed since the end of the construction. Moreover, the excavated volume is not evenly distributed over the entire course of the canal, but the main part is located in the area of the Central European watershed. The 3D-model also allows the calculation of the trench bottom level of the longitudinal section of the canal. Thereby the summit zone of the stepped canal was identified. The basis of the infilled sediment of the canal trench is formed by sediments that have initially slipped back from the excavation walls (so-called backfills). Stratigraphically, they are accumulated directly on the canal trench bottom. A systematic evaluation of the geochemical and stratigraphical findings could show that the backfills can be declared as initial collapse sediments. Radiocarbon dating of macro remains date the backfills around the construction period 792/793 AD. Dendrochronological analyses also show that the timber used in the Fossa Carolina were felled and used in the years 792 AD and 793 AD. The spatial analysis of the felling ages also shows that construction progressed from north to south. The absence of still water sediments on the canal trench floor and the timber serve as a chronological framework and provides relative dating of the backfill sediments. Subsequently, the application of the 3D-modelling approach was transferred to the backfill sediments. The resulting spatial and quantitative distribution of the backfills along the entire canal course shows the concentration of these sediments in the Central Sections around the Central European Watershed. Sediment budgeting, as applied in geomorphology, could now be applied adaptively to the backfills. Nearly 35,000 m³ of backfill sediments were calculated in the Central and West- East Sections. This corresponds to approx. 15 % of the total excavation volume in this area. Therefore, these sections can be designated as a collapse zone. According to contemporary written sources, the canal II was abandoned due to unstable dams and back-sliding material. For the first time, the quantitative results provide a scientific proof for this hypothesis. In summary, this work is an example of the application of numerical and quantitative methods in the field of geoarchaeology and shows the value of these methods in understanding geoarchaeological processes and their reconstruction. III Kurzzusammenfassung Die Europäische Hauptwasserscheide verläuft quer durch Europa and trennt die Flusseinzugsgebiete in eine Nordkomponente and eine Südkomponente. Die Einzugsgebiete entwässern demnach entweder nach Norden in die Nordsee, Ostsee, oder den Nordatlantik oder aber nach Süden in das Mittelmeer oder das Schwarze Meer. Es gibt keine natürliche, fluviale Verbindung zwischen der Nord- and der Südkomponente. Zwischen den Städten Weißenburg and Treuchtlingen in Bayern trennt die Europäische Hauptwasserscheide die Einzugsgebiete des Rhein-Main Systems and des Donau Systems. Die Schwäbische Rezat entspringt an der Frontstufe der Frankenalb and verläuft nordwärts in Richtung Weißenburg and entwässert in das Rhein-Main System. Südlich der Europäischen Wasserscheide fließt die Altmühl, welche über die Donau in das Schwarze Meer entwässert. Im Frühmittelalter waren Schifffahrtswege von höchstem geostrategischem Interesse and dienten neben dem Personen- and Warenverkehr auch der militärischen Nutzung. Vermutlich aus diesen Gründen ließ Karl der Große 792/793 AD einen Kanal anlegen, welcher eine schiffbare Verbindung herstellen sollte. Luftlinie kommen sich Schwäbische Rezat and Altmühl auf knapp 2 km nahe and die naturräumliche Ausstattung (Wasserdargebot, sedimentäre Architektur der Tallandschaft, geologischer Untergrund) ist für die technischen Möglichkeiten des Frühmittelalters nahezu ideal. Der Kanal ist
Recommended publications
  • Archaeology + History + Geosciences

    Archaeology + History + Geosciences

    DFG Priority Programme 1630 "Harbours from the Roman Period to the Middle Ages" Harbours as objects of interdisciplinary research – Archaeology + History + Geosciences Wednesday, 30.09.2015, 19:00 Opening-Lecture More than just one harbour – The case of Ephesus Sabine Ladstätter Thursday 1.10.2015 Keynote Lecture Hall H – Chair: Falko Daim 9.30 – 10.00 Roman and Medieval London: 40 years of interdisciplinary harbour research Gustav Milne London, sitting on the Thames at the head of a tidal estuary, has been the subject of considerable redevelopment in the post-war era. As a direct consequence of that regeneration programme, its ancient harbours have been the focus of detailed archaeological, historical and geoarchaeological study since 1972 particularly on the City waterfront, in Southwark on the south bank and, to a lesser extent, in Westminster. It is now known that the period from c AD50 to AD 1550 saw major changes in the port, including periods of abandonment and relocation. There were also changes in the tidal head and in the level of mean high and mean low water, in harbour topography, bridge construction, in ship-building technology, in the economic culture and financial frameworks, in the languages spoken and materials and volumes traded. Research has also shown the complex inter-relationships of all these themes. The early and late Roman harbours were both quite different, the former seeing major state investment. Following a period of abandonment from c AD 450-600, a new beach market developed on the Strand to the west of the old Roman City until AD900, when it too was abandoned.
  • 1 the Frankish Inheritance

    1 the Frankish Inheritance

    NOTES 1 The Frankish Inheritance I. Einhard, Vita Karoli, 22, ed. L. Halphen, p. 66. 2. On Einhard see A. Kleinklausz, Einhard (Paris, 1942); a new book on him is being written by David Ganz. For the arguments about the date of the work see Heinz Lowe, 'Die Entstehungzeit der Vita Karoli Einhards', DA, 39 (1963), pp. 85-103. 3. Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum II: Divus Augustus, ed. J. C. Rolfe (rev. edn, London, 1951), chs 79-81, pp. 244-6; W. S.M. Nicoll, 'Some Passages in Einhard's Vita Karoli in Relation to Suetonius', Medium JEvum, 44 (1975), pp. 117-20. See also Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Suetonius (London, 1983), pp. 50--72. 4. Roger Collins, 'Reviser Revisited', in A. C. Murray (ed.), After Rome's Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History (forthcoming). Why Einhard was so unusually detailed in his account of Roncesvalles is not clear. He may have had family ties with one of the Frankish commanders killed in the battle, the seneschal Eggihard. 5. Vita Karoli, prologue, ed. Halphen, pp. 2-6. An edition of the work made by Gerward, the palace librarian of Louis the Pious first mentions Einhard as its author in a short verse finale (ed. Halphen, p. xvi). 6. 'Lest I offend the spirits of the fastidious with novelty' (Einhard, Vita Karoli, ed. Halphen, p. 2). 7. For a recent attempt to redate the Vita Karoli to c. 817/18 see Rosamond McKitterick and Matthew Innes, 'The Writing of History', in R. McKitterick (ed.), Carolingian Culture (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 193-220.
  • Remote Sensing

    Remote Sensing

    remote sensing Article 3D-Modelling of Charlemagne’s Summit Canal (Southern Germany)—Merging Remote Sensing and Geoarchaeological Subsurface Data Johannes Schmidt 1,* , Johannes Rabiger-Völlmer 1, Lukas Werther 2 , Ulrike Werban 3 , Peter Dietrich 3, Stefanie Berg 4 , Peter Ettel 2, Sven Linzen 5, Andreas Stele 6, Birgit Schneider 1 and Christoph Zielhofer 1 1 Physical Geography, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] (J.R.-V.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (C.Z.) 2 Prehistory and Early History, Friedrich-Schiller University, D-07743 Jena, Germany; [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (P.E.) 3 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] (U.W.); [email protected] (P.D.) 4 Bavarian State Department of Cultural Heritage BLfD, D-80539 Munich, Germany; [email protected] 5 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology IPHT, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [email protected] 6 Institute of Geography, Osnabruck University, D-49074 Osnabruck, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-34132966 Received: 11 March 2019; Accepted: 6 May 2019; Published: 9 May 2019 Abstract: The Early Medieval Fossa Carolina is the first hydro-engineering construction that bridges the Central European Watershed. The canal was built in 792/793 AD on order of Charlemagne and should connect the drainage systems of the Rhine-Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In this study, we show for the first time, the integration of Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and geoarchaeological subsurface datasets with the aim to create a 3D-model of Charlemagne’s summit canal.

  • “Unconquered Louis Rejoiced in Iron”: Military History in East Francia Under King Louis the German (C. 825-876) a Dissertat

    “Unconquered Louis Rejoiced In Iron”: Military History in East Francia under King Louis the German (c. 825-876) A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Minnesota By Christopher Patrick Flynn In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Advised by Dr. Bernard S. Bachrach May 2020 Copyright © 2020 Christopher P. Flynn All Rights Reserved i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have accrued huge debts in the creation of this work, which will not be adequately repaid by mention here. I must thank the faculty of the University of Minnesota, particularly the Department of History and the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Studies. Thanks are especially due to my committee members, Drs. Bernard Bachrach, Kathryn Reyerson, Andrew Gallia, Michael Lower, and Oliver Nicholson, as well as to Drs. Howard Louthan and Gary Cohen, both of whom served as Director of the Center for Austrian Studies during my tenure there. I thank the office staff of the history department for navigating endless paperwork on my behalf, as well as the University of Minnesota library system for acquiring copies of difficult to find works and sources in several languages. Especially, among these numerous contributors, I thank my adviser Dr. Bachrach, whose work was the reason I came to Minnesota in the first place, and whose support and erudition made the journey worth it. In this regard, I thank Dr. Lorraine Attreed of the College of the Holy Cross, who not only introduced me to the deeply fascinating world of early medieval Europe, but also exposed me to the work of Dr.

  • The Life of Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

    9 KE. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofcharlernagnOOhodg CHARLEMAGNE. liiitiiit; 1)V Alln't'clil I>iirt*r. THE LIFE OF CHARLEMAGNE (CHARLES THE GREAT) By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L with notes By henry KETCHAM A. L. BURT COMPANY, J- J^ J^ J- .* .?fc ot PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK Copjmght, 1909, By E. A- BRAINERD. B PREFACE. In attempting to compress the history of the great Emperor Ciiarles within the narrow limits of the present vohime, I have undertaken a difficult task, and I trust that my fellow-historians will consider, not how much has been omitted, but how much, or rather how little, it was possible to insert. It may be thought that I might have gained space •*d by proceeding at once to the beginning of Charles's h>-^ own reign instead of devoting more than eighty • pages to his predecessors, but this did not seem to me possible. The great Emperor was the last terra of an ascending series —nobles, mayors of the palace, kings ; and in order to understand the law of the series it is absolutely necessary to study some of its earlier members. A few words as to our authorities. For the period before the accession of Pippin our chief authority is the chronicle which is known by the name of Fredegarius, very meagre, and written in barbarous 1) Latin, but honest ; then a still more miserable con- . tinuation of this work by an unknown scribe ; and K/ lastly, a much better performance, from a literary --- point of view, The Lives of the Bishops of Metz^ by • Paulus Diaconus.
  • Fossa Carolina

    Fossa Carolina

    Research Article Fossa Carolina: The First Attempt to Bridge the Central European Watershed—A Review, New Findings, and Geoarchaeological Challenges Eva Leitholdt,1 Christoph Zielhofer,1,* Stefanie Berg-Hobohm,2 Katharina Schnabl,3 Britta Kopecky-Hermanns,4 Jens Bussmann,3 Joachim W. Hartling,¨ 3 Klaus Reicherter,5 and Katrin Unger6 1Department of Geography, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 19a, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany 2Bavarian State Conservation Office, Hofgraben 4, D-80539, Munchen,¨ Germany 3Department of Geography, Osnabruck¨ University, Seminarstrasse 19ab, D-49069, Osnabruck,¨ Germany 4Soil Science and Geoarchaeology Consulting, Raiffeisenstrasse 6a, D-86666, Burgheim, Germany 5RWTH, Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, D-52056, Aachen, Germany 6Department of Geography, Dresden University of Technology , Helmholtzstrasse 10, D-01069, Dresden, Germany Correspondence The Central European watershed passes through the southern Franconian Jura *Corresponding author; in Bavaria, Germany. This principal watershed divides the Rhine/Main catch- E-mail: [email protected] ment and the Danube catchment. In the early Middle Ages, when ships were Received an important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to connect these 5 May 2011 catchments by the construction of a canal known as the Fossa Carolina.Inthis Accepted paper, we present for the first time 14CdatafromtheFossa Carolina fill and 13 October 2011 document a high-resolution stratigraphic record of the Carolingian and post- Carolingian trench infilling. Our results provide clear evidence for peat layers Scientific editing by Jamie Woodward in different levels of the trench infill, suggesting a chain of ponds. However, the Published online in Wiley Online Library majority of these peat layers yield mid-Medieval and younger ages.
  • Financial Support by T+F Organisatieadvies for the Publication of This Thesis Is Gratefully Acknowledged

    Financial Support by T+F Organisatieadvies for the Publication of This Thesis Is Gratefully Acknowledged

    Financial support by t+f organisatieadvies for the publication of this thesis is gratefully acknowledged. Cover image: Ary Scheffer, Charlemagne reçoit la soumission de Widukind à Paderborn (1840). Original in: Château de Versailles, Galerie de Batailles. The image is reproduced with permission of the Agence Photographique de la Réunion des musées nationaux. Design: Erik Goosmann Printed by: Proefschriftmaken.nl || Uitgeverij BOXPress Pagan, Pirate, Subject, Saint Defining and Redefining Saxons 150-900 A.D. Heiden, rover, onderdaan, heilige Het definiëren en herdefiniëren van Saksen 150-900 n. Chr. (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 3 februari 2015 des middags te 4.15 uur door Robert Flierman geboren op 2 januari 1987 te ’s-Hertogenbosch Promotor: Prof. dr. M.B. de Jong Copromotor: Dr. R.M.J. Meens Voor Janneke TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1. The most ferocious of enemies Saxons from a Roman perspective 27 1.1. Ptolemy and the second-century Saxons? 30 1.2. Saxons and Franks 33 1.3. Litus Saxonicum 37 1.4. Saxons in Britain 39 1.5. A panegyrist’s perspective: Claudius Claudianus 45 1.6. Christian moralists: Ambrose and Salvian 48 1.7. Gildas and the Ruin of Britain 51 1.8. Saxons in a changing world: Sidonius Apollinaris 57 1.9. Conclusion 65 2. Rebels, subjects, neighbours Saxons from a Frankish perspective 70 2.1.
  • Modelling Pre-Modern Flow Distances Of

    Modelling Pre-Modern Flow Distances Of

    Virtual Archaeology Review, 12(25): 42-56, 2021 https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.15245 © UPV, SEAV, 2015 Received: March 11, 2021 Accepted: March 30, 2021 MODELLING PRE-MODERN FLOW DISTANCES OF INLAND WATERWAYS – A GIS STUDY IN SOUTHERN GERMANY MODELADO DE DISTANCIAS DE REDES FLUVIALES PREMODERNAS - UN ESTUDIO SIG EN LA ALEMANIA MERIDIONAL Lukas Werthera,* , Tanja Mennb, Johannes Schmidtc , Hartmut Müllerb a Department of Medieval Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [email protected] b Institute for Spatial Information and Surveying Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Lucy-Hillebrand-Straße 2, 55128 Mainz, [email protected]; [email protected] c Institute for Geography, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 19a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. [email protected] Highlights: • Systematic comparison of old maps and modern geodata to deduce river-specific length correction values to improve supra-regional network models of pre-modern inland navigation. • Large-scale analytical approach and transferable GIS workflow for flow distance reconstruction with case studies in Southern Germany. • Length changes of navigated fairways result in pre-modern period travel times up to 24% higher in corrected models. Abstract: Rivers form major traffic arteries in pre-modern Central Europe and accurate regional to supra-regional network models of inland navigation are crucial for economic history. However, navigation distances have hitherto been based on modern flow distances, which could be a significant source of error due to modern changes in flow distance and channel pattern. This paper anlyzes results of a systematic comparison of vectorized old maps, enlightening the fluvial landscape before most of the large-scale river engineering took place, and modern opensource geodata to deduce change ratios of flow distance and channel patterns.
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Land and Landscape: The

    UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Land and Landscape: The

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Land and Landscape: The Transition from Agilolfing to Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Leanne Marie Good 2012 © Copyright by Leanne Marie Good 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Land and Landscape: The Transition from Agilolfing to Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900 by Leanne Marie Good Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Patrick Geary, Chair This dissertation examines the transformation of the political, social, cultural and physical landscape of eighth-century Bavaria as this region was absorbed into the expanding Frankish kingdom, following the deposition of its quasi-regal duke, Tassilo, in 788. My study aims to elucidate the wider process by which the Carolingian dynasty united most of Western Europe under its control in the course of a few decades. It is my contention that changes made during this period to the organization of agricultural land and ecclesiastical jurisdictions - the physical use of land resources, and their mental demarcations - changed perceptions of identity and supported changes in rulership. ii At the beginning of the eighth century, the family referred to by historians as the Arnulfings or Pippinids, increased their power greatly through a variety of strategems (the term Carolingian, from the name of its most famous scion, is often projected back). This family controlled the office of Mayor of the Palace to the Merovingian kings; in that role, Charles Martel essentially functioned as the political leader of the Franks. His son Pippin inherited the office, and took the title of King of the Franks, as well, which threatened the balance of aristocratic power in the kingdom and the peripheral duchies.
  • 1 Introduction It Is Not Surprising That the Entire Catchment of the River Rhine Was Influenced by Engineering Projects Modifyin

    1 Introduction It Is Not Surprising That the Entire Catchment of the River Rhine Was Influenced by Engineering Projects Modifyin

    294 Erdkunde Band 59/2005 ENGINEERING IMPACT ON RIVER CHANNELS IN THE RIVER RHINE CATCHMENT With 12 figures, 3 tables, and 5 photos JÜRGEN HERGET,ECKHARD BREMER,THOMAS COCH, ANDREAS DIX,GEORG EGGENSTEIN and KLAUS EWALD Zusammenfassung: Menschliche Eingriffe in Flussläufe im Einzugsgebiet des Rheins Auf Grund der zentralen Lage in Mitteleuropa werden die Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet des Rheins seit Jahrtausenden als Schiff- fahrtsweg genutzt. Örtliche Klippen, Untiefen und Sandbänke führten schon entsprechend früh zu menschlichen Eingriffen in die Gerinne; der Bau von Kanälen begann sogar schon im Jahre 12 vor Christus. Bei näherer Betrachtung lassen sich fünf Phasen intensivierter Flussbaumaßnahmen ausmachen. Die Spannweite der Maßnahmen im Rheineinzugsgebiet ist in einer Übersicht dargestellt und durch drei näher beleuchtete Beispiele illustriert: Am Beispiel des Binger Lochs wird die Entwick- lung der Eingriffe mit der Zeit dargestellt, während die Oberrheinkorrekturen komplexe Aktivitäten veranschaulichen, die die Flussrinne und angrenzenden Auen gemeinsam betreffen. Am Beispiel des vermuteten Flussbaus zu römischen Zeiten vor knapp 2000 Jahren an der Lippe wird deutlich, dass derartige Aktivitäten auch in Mitteleuropa schon in der Antike begannen. Summary: Due to the central location of the River Rhine catchment the channels have been used for navigation for millen- nia. Local cliffs and bars led simultaneously to measures for the improvement of the navigation and even construction of arti- ficial channels as early as 12 BC. By a closer
  • The Bavarian Model? Modernization, Environment, and Landscape Planning in the Bavarian Nuclear Power Industry, 1950-1980

    The Bavarian Model? Modernization, Environment, and Landscape Planning in the Bavarian Nuclear Power Industry, 1950-1980

    The Bavarian Model? Modernization, Environment, and Landscape Planning in the Bavarian Nuclear Power Industry, 1950-1980 A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By KYLE T. MILLER Dr. Jonathan Sperber, Dissertation Supervisor MAY, 2009 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE BAVARIAN MODEL? MODERNIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, AND LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN THE BAVARIAN NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY, 1950-1980 Presented by Kyle T. Miller A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance _____________________________________ Professor Jonathan Sperber, Chair _____________________________________ Professor Richard Bienvenu _____________________________________ Professor Susan Flader _____________________________________ Professor John Frymire _____________________________________ Professor Clarence Lo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As is always the case, research for this dissertation was a long and arduous task that required support from numerous sources. The faculty and staff of the Department of History at the University of Missouri deserve recognition for offering me financial aid and institutional investment throughout the dissertation process. Archival exploration was made possible by a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fellowship, as well as two Department of History research grants. While I visited
  • Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900

    Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900

    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Land and Landscape: The Transition from Agilolfing to Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j80j1t5 Author Good, Leanne Marie Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Land and Landscape: The Transition from Agilolfing to Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Leanne Marie Good 2012 © Copyright by Leanne Marie Good 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Land and Landscape: The Transition from Agilolfing to Carolingian Bavaria, 700-900 by Leanne Marie Good Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Patrick Geary, Chair This dissertation examines the transformation of the political, social, cultural and physical landscape of eighth-century Bavaria as this region was absorbed into the expanding Frankish kingdom, following the deposition of its quasi-regal duke, Tassilo, in 788. My study aims to elucidate the wider process by which the Carolingian dynasty united most of Western Europe under its control in the course of a few decades. It is my contention that changes made during this period to the organization of agricultural land and ecclesiastical jurisdictions - the physical use of land resources, and their mental demarcations - changed perceptions of identity and supported changes in rulership. ii At the beginning of the eighth century, the family referred to by historians as the Arnulfings or Pippinids, increased their power greatly through a variety of strategems (the term Carolingian, from the name of its most famous scion, is often projected back).