April - June 2013 / Volume 14, Issue 2

Utah Fire and Rescue Academy Magazine

U Y T T A I H S R V E A L I V L E Y U N

FROM THE DIRECTOR Over the past five years as Di‐ major projects. Expenditures over $25,000 must have prior rector, there are times that I feel approval from the State Fire Marshal. The primary mission like I’m in the movie Ground- of UFRA is to train and certify affiliated (employees of hog Day. There are recurring fire departments) firefighters. Simply put, if your Chief or themes that I discuss with fire‐ Training Officer arranged the class, it’s a UFRA delivery. fighters throughout the state. I If you registered for the class through the University, it’s thought that discussing them here might better educate the an Emergency Services delivery. readers in a few of these areas. Here are a few things that I think one should know about the Utah Fire and Rescue UFRA does not show favoritism to any fire depart- Academy (UFRA): ment. We don’t provide special treatment for volunteers, career departments, or combination departments. I’m not UFRA and the Department of Emergency Services aware of any definitive data but best guess is volunteer are not the same. The UFRA Director has nothing to do departments comprise about 65 percent of departments with academic classes or the Recruit Candidate Acad‐ while career and combination departments account for emy (RCA). Although we work closely in promoting the remaining 35 percent. Over the past ten years, these each other’s programs, Dr. Rodger Broomé, the academic percentages also roughly represent who has received train‐ Department Chair, manages the Emergency Services ing and certification services. UFRA has no influence over Administration Department for Utah Valley University. who calls to request training and/or certification. As the He is responsible for assigning faculty to classes, decides percentages change slightly from year to year, it is simply which academic (credit bearing) classes will be delivered because of the departments who have submitted requests during the semester, and is the liaison between the Dean of for training and certification. the College of Aviation and Public Services (CAPS) and the faculty. Rodger manages the degree programs as well UFRA manages YOUR money. The Fire Academy Sup‐ as RCA, EMT, and Paramedic classes. The Emergency port Account, mentioned above, does not belong to me, Services Department is “hard funded” which means their or the Assistant Directors, or the Program Managers, it money comes through the State Higher Education budget. belongs to the affiliated firefighters of Utah… this would be you. UFRA is your fire academy, not mine. The budget Mandated by state law, UFRA is managed by a Director is managed using best practices and following University and is “soft funded” by the Fire Academy Support Ac‐ policy. Training courses are created and updated to insure count, which was created by the legislature in 1993. State they are safe and relevant. Certification is driven by na‐ law is very specific as to how academy funding can be tional accreditation boards. The Academy follows direc‐ used and for whom the money can be spent. UFRA courses tion provided by the Fire Prevention Board, Standards and are free for Utah Fire departments. The Fire Prevention Training Council, Certification Council, State Fire Mar‐ Board and the Standards and Training Council approve shal, the Dean of CAPS, and countless audits. Along with the above mentioned direction and feedback, from course and instructor evaluation forms, we make adjustments to insure UFRA is heading, in general terms, in the right direction. Training and certification statistics can be found on our website. Remember, if you have suggestions, please call your Program Manager. If you have praise, call me. If you have complaints, please call Chuck Querry.

UFRA welcomes diversity of thought in training and Straight Tip articles. Although our core courses stay con‐ sistent with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards, you may notice, from year to year, courses and instructors at Winter Fire School change. Some courses are offered for a few years, then we don’t offer them for a couple of years, and the same is true with instructors. We try and provide a variety of courses to keep the students interested. We see value in having different perspectives offered to our students, as long as those perspectives are safe and promote best practices. Additionally, this DEPARTMENTS diversity in courses and perspectives help prevent “tacti‐ cal/operational inbreeding”. With very few exceptions, no course has a “lock” on Winter Fire School. Occasion‐ 4 FROM THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL ally, changing instructors for Winter Fire School courses provide Utah firefighters with varying viewpoints on a 6 State Fire Chiefs Association particular subject, which allows them to use the most ap‐ plicable for their organization. 12 FIRE MARKS

The same is true with articles we publish in the Straight 22 DEPARTMENT IN FOCUS Tip. We always run articles through the “safety and politi‐ cal filter”. If the articles make it though, we’re not opposed 36 VIEW FROM THE HILL to publishing it just because it challenges current thought on a subject. In fact, I like the idea of challenging our read‐ 41 Climbing the Ladder ers to consider other viewpoints and decide for themselves what makes sense. 44 ACADEMICS

You’re missing the boat on education. The average stu‐ dent at Utah Valley University pays approximately $774.00 in tuition for a three credit class on campus. As a firefighter attending certain courses at a fire station, you can buy the Personal Accountability ...... 8 three credit course for $45.00 ($15 per credit), which can be applied towards an Associate’s degree. So let’s do the Overhaul, Not Rekindle ...... 10 math together… 774-45=729. This means Utah Valley University is allowing Utah firefighters to save $729.00 Preventing the Unpredictable ...... 13 per three credit class. If you think education is not going to become a bigger part of the promotional process, you may Outside the Box Thinking ...... 16 want to reconsider. If you think of putting education off until “next year” or “when the time is right”, you’re prob‐ NIMS and Simultaneous Incidents .. 18 ably in educational denial. Considering that we don’t know how long the educational benefits will be available, you On the Dot ...... 20 may want to bite the proverbial bullet and start pursuing your degree now. For questions regarding your academic Fireline Leadership ...... 26 status, call Academic Advising at 801-863-7798. First Strike part 2 ...... 32 Stay safe,

Hugh Editor-in-Chief Editorial Committee Steve Lutz Sue Young Hugh Connor was hired by the Orem Fire De‐ Managing Editor Candice Hunsaker partment in 1979 where he worked for 27 years. Andrea Hossley Debra Cloward He served as a Firefighter/Paramedic, Engineer, Design Marcia Milam Lieutenant, Captain, and Battalion Chief. Con‐ Phillip Ah You Published by nor has worked at the Utah Fire and Rescue Cover Photo Utah Valley University Academy since 2005. Matt Call

April - June 2013 | 3 FROM THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL

shooting, Line-of-Duty Death (LODD) and Disability language enhancements, Wildland fire issues, unem‐ ployment insurance coverage for volunteer firefighters in certain cases, Inter-state Mutual Aid, changes to the “AED” statute, etc. I believe we will have had a very successful session and this will be because of your willingness to let your legislators know of your con‐ cerns and the impact state laws can have on everyone. Thanks for what you do, both on the front lines as well as behind the scenes. It’s important at both ends.

Many of you know our office has been the recipient of an “Earthquake” trailer. The trailer was originally acquired through a FEMA grant given to Utah Val‐ ley Regional Medical Center (UVRMC). The original I very much appreciate the support and help from retail value of the trailer was over $100,000. It was all of you in the fire service field. Every day, I used by UVRMC to educate the public and many IHC find those in the field working behind the scenes employees around the state. The State Fire Marshal’s to ensure communities are protected by going Office was fortunate enough to obtain this trailer from the extra mile to help and support those who find UVRMC as they felt their mission needed to be fo‐ themselves in need. cused elsewhere and now it is available to schedule for public education events. Because of the technical At this writing, the legislative processes are at nature of the trailer and its equipment, a trained mem‐ their beginning and the fire service has much to ber of our staff will need to accompany the trailer in do in order to keep pace with the changes going order to do the presentations. The trailer can simulate on all around us. We are dealing with the adop‐ a variety of extreme weather conditions, various types tion of a new state fire code (2012 International of kitchen fires along with the use of portable extin‐ Fire Code), updates to the Fireworks Act, target guishers, as well as the earthquake piece. To utilize the trailer, one will need to plan ahead and schedule use with Stan Robins to be sure the trailer is available and staffed for your event.

Although we have been trying for a year to get all fire departments to take advantage of the Long Term Disability (LTD) benefit offered through the Public Employees Health Plan (PEHP), we still don’t have everyone participating. There is no cost to you, your department or your city/town; however there is a PEHP contract which needs to be signed, and your department members must be listed with our office in order to have your members covered. Feel free to email me or call if you have questions about this important benefit or if you are unsure whether or not your department has completed the requirements for eligibility. FROM THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL

Please let us know how we can assist you in your endeav‐ To Subscribe: ors. We have staff located around the state and they always To subscribe to the UFRA Straight Tip try to prioritize your needs as best they can. We also have magazine, or make changes to your current a lot of information, forms, rules, etc. located on our subscription, call 1-888-548-7816 or visit website. Please don’t hesitate to call if you have questions www.uvu.edu/ufra/news/magazine.html. or need assistance. Stay in touch and be safe out there. The UFRA Straight Tip is free of charge Thanks for all you do! to all firefighter and emergency service personnel throughout the state of Utah.

Coy D. Porter retired from Provo Fire & Rescue after 30 years of service; he then worked UFRA Customer Service for almost four years as the Assistant Director of Local (801) 863-7700 Training at UFRA. Porter enjoys his association Toll free 1-888-548-7816 with the firefighters of Utah in his position as www.uvu.edu/ufra State Fire Marshal.

UFRA Straight Tip (ISSN 1932-2356) is published quarterly by Utah Valley University and the Utah Fire & Rescue Quarterly Live Fire Academy and distributed throughout the State of Utah. Reproduction Testing at UFRA without written permission from the by Lori Howes publisher is strictly prohibited.

The certification office will be holding a Live Fire exam every quarter at UFRA. For the exam to be held there must Send inquiries or submissions to: be at least 8 candidates scheduled at least two weeks in UFRA Straight Tip magazine advance of the scheduled exam date. If we do not have 8 3131 Mike Jense Parkway candidates the exam will be cancelled. To participate in the Provo, Utah 84601 exam, the candidate will need to contact the certification Phone 1-888-548-7816 office and be added to the list. The candidate MUST have [email protected] the required portions of the Training Record completed in order to test. For questions or more information, visit our website at http://www.uvu.edu/ufra/certification/index.html Disclaimer: or contact the certification office at 1-888-546-7816. The opinions expressed in the UFRA Straight Tip are those of the authors and 2013 Schedule: may not be construed as those of the staff or management of the UFRA Straight Tip, March 23 Utah Fire & Rescue Academy, or Utah June 22 Valley University. September 28

April - June 2013 | 5 Message from Utah State Fire Chiefs Association

The Utah State Fire Chiefs tive changes, from fireworks to public access AEDs. We Association would like to thank heard great reports from committees who are continually all the members who participat‐ working on ways to better the fire service. We also heard ed in and attended our Winter from Dr. Phil Jiricko who is becoming Utah’s expert on Meeting/Leadership Symposium held in St. George dur‐ firefighter health and fitness. He reviewed changes to ing Janu¬ary 2013. This was held in conjunction with the the NFPA 1781 and looked at new programs to test the Winter Fire School, organized by UFRA. It is always nice fitness of firefighters. to get away to St. George in the middle of January and this year was no exception. For the last several years the During our leadership training day, Chief Deputy Mike State Fire Chiefs Association has met in St. George prior Metro from the Los Angeles County Fire Department to UFRA’s Winter Fire School and this partnership has enlightened us on several issues affecting fire departments always been very successful. across the nation and how we must compete with others to stay alive. In the evening we found time to relax in the Our annual business meeting is always well attended Garden Room of the Dixie Center where we were treated and full of current information affecting Utah. What I to snacks, music, and the company of friends. Thanks to like most about this meeting is the diverse crowd; there the sponsors, Utah State Fire Chiefs and L. N. Curtis and are chiefs from Cache Valley to Moab and Jensen to Sons, we socialized for hours, while listening to a great the Wasatch Front; there are volunteer, part-time, and local cover band. Everyone who was registered for Winter career Chiefs from the smallest departments to the largest Fire School was invited and we had a great attendance. departments in the state. Though we are different in many ways, when we come together we can be a very power‐ What we do as State Fire Chiefs with Winter Fire School ful group. As we come into the next legislative session would not be possible without the support of vendors. starting January 28, running 45 days, our group becomes Vendors provide our breaks, snacks, and lunches over very involved with the process of good legislation. At our the two-day conference. On behalf of the Utah State business meeting, we reviewed several possible legisla‐ Fire Chiefs Association, I would like to thank BELFOR Property, Fire Trucks West, Utah Disaster Kleenup, Mo‐ torola Solutions, Alpine Cleaning and Restoration, W.W. Grainger, 1800BOARDUP, and L.N. Curtis and Sons for their support and commitment to the firefighters of Utah and the Utah State Fire Chiefs Association.

If someone would have told me prior to becoming a Fire Chief how much time I would have to spend on legis‐ lative issue, I am not sure I would have taken the job. However, despite the fact that legislature is very time consuming, I, at times, find it extremely interesting. One thing, that makes legislature enjoyable is the people I get to work with. While we all may have our own opinions about different topics, we seem to come together when 2013 Public Safety Summit by Steve Lutz it counts. It has been exciting to be part of the The 2013 Utah Public Safety Summit will be held at the Joint Council. It is made up of all parts of the fire Davis Conference Center in Layton on May 7 and 8. service: labor, prevention, firefighters, chiefs, EMS, All branches of the first responder family are invited to and retirees from across the state. It is a consensus attend. Breakout session topics covered will be relevant group who supports, watches, or opposes bills. to fire, police, EMS, public works, emergency manage‐ Discussions in the room are always respectful and ment, animal control, search and rescue, transportation, accepting of multiple opinions. This group is also and business. responsible for one of the most successful caucuses on The Hill. By the time this article is read, we will Headlining this year’s conference is Gordon Graham, have had another very successful Fire Caucus lun‐ one of the nations best public safety speakers and cheon with a huge majority of Senators and Repre‐ consultants. Graham’s wickedly witty presentations are sentatives attending. None of this would be pos‐ spot-on observations of the good, the bad, and the ugly sible without donations from businesses, groups, of emergency response and management. His presenta‐ and associations, or without the commitment from tion is usually worth the entire price of the conference! a group of volunteers. Thank you all for your com‐ mitment to making the fire service in Utah the best. A great addition to this conference will be Large Ani‐ mal Rescue Certification. Certification is issued through As always, if there is anything the State Fire Chiefs Utah Emergency Animal Response Coalition (UEARC). Association or I can do for you please let us know. Allowing students for the track to attend Graham’s gen‐ eral session and Governor Herbert’s address, the rescue class will continue through Thursday morning, May 9.

Jim Rampton has spent the last 26 years The Summit registration fee for those not attending the in the fire service. He has spent time in Large Animal Rescue is $200. every fire service position, currently serv‐ ing as the Fire Chief of the South Davis Registration information and forms will be available at Metro Fire Agency. He also belongs to http://www.uvu.edu/ufra/ and on the DPS web site at several associations including Utah State www.publicsafety.utah.gov. Firemans, International Fire Chiefs, and currently serves as the President of the For more information, please contact Judy Hamaker‐ Utah State Fire Chiefs. Rampton is an in‐ Mann at 801-556-7652. structor and department tester for the Utah Fire and Rescue Academy.

April - June 2013 | 7 Personal Accountability in the Fire Service

Two years ago we, here at the Park City Fire District, Linda used the environment of an operating room to redefined our core values. The revised values are profes‐ highlight her point: If you were the person on the table, sionalism, dedication, customer service, and ACCOUNT‐ being operated on, and asked everybody on the surgi‐ ABILITY. Years ago the fire service spoke a great deal cal team what percentage of personal accountability they about accountability. Somewhere along the line, some in accepted for the success of your operation, what answer the ranks began to think of accountability as a bit of a dirty would you want to hear? Of course you’d want to hear word; it seemed to have a somewhat punitive connotation. that everyone in the room has a “hundred-zero” mindset. As a result, some distanced Meaning they accept 100% him or her selves from the responsibility for the success word, even though we all or failure of your operation knew accountability must “I’m responsible, self- and assign zero percent to exist in every fire service outside factors. What other organization. On a personal empowered, and ac- professional roles would the level, I’ve always defined public demand a hundred- accountability as: “If you countable for under- zero mindset from? Yup, mess up, fess up”. Doing firefighters! Anything less so ensures the least amount standing my roles than a hundred-zero mindset of organizational work, and is draining and counterpro‐ creates the highest potential and tasks…” ductive. This mindset about for success if the same set of organizational accountability circumstances should arise. means that it is not some‐ body’s ethical responsi‐ When local Park City resident and accountability expert bility to cover for someone else who is two years away Linda Galindo (author of “The 85% Solution: How Per‐ from retirement. We say, “Hey, this is my environment sonal Accountability Guarantees Success”) heard that Park too”. I’m never going to let someone else use me as an City Fire holds accountability in high regard, she offered excuse for not being 100% accountable. We have to say, her services to further promote that particular core value of this is OUR organization. ours. The following is a summary of Linda’s presentation to PCFD Officers: A positive mantra to follow is “I’m responsible, self- em‐ powered, and accountable for understanding my roles and Many organizations operate under the rescue, fix, and save tasks. It’s up to me to be clear and accountable for what mantra rather than organizational accountability. Manag‐ is expected and required in my role. If obstacles arise, ers and leaders are often slow to take care of underperfor‐ it’s up to me to be accountable”. No fault, no blame, no mance or requiring people to be accountable for their lack guilt. If we fix the mistakes or omissions of others, we set of performance in turn punishing their best performers. in motion a culture of “fixing” verses a culture of per‐ Underperformers want to be right more than they want to sonal accountability. Managerially or administratively we be effective. This dynamic creates an organizational cul‐ have to be able to say: “That didn’t work out the way we ture that rewards lack of accountability, instead of reward‐ thought, let’s own this and fix it”. Owning the outcome up ing accountability. In order to fix this organizational flaw, front, acting on it, and answering for it. You have to move we have to demonstrate personal accountability. It is more through the barriers. effective to say: “I don’t rescue, fix, and save; I hold you accountable”. Many times organizations run in a constant There is risk involved; but should it be more about you or state of “fixing”, when the real solution is attained by hold‐ the community you serve? We have to be willing to leave ing employees responsible for their personal accountabil‐ our comfort zone. ity. Lack of accountability costs time and money.

8 | UFRA Straight Tip Personal Accountability in the Fire Service

During Hurricane Katrina many FEMA employees mean we all agree on everything, it simply means wouldn’t have lost their jobs, if they had simply said: we all agree to support. This happens together in “This is what I did, this is what I learned; and I’d do things meetings, not afterwards. differently, if I had to do it all over again”. Real account‐ ability demands on those who don’t get it, to admit it. Linda used plants to illustrate what she sees as the follow‐ Linda projected an image of the FedEx logo and asked if ing three types of people: everyone in the room saw the arrow in this logo. The point was made that it’s sometimes difficult to admit when one 1. Weeds: Lowest maintenance - highest level of doesn’t see or understand something. The arrow is between accountability. Very little has to do with their the upper case E and the X. environment and not much water is needed. They just say: “I got dirt…I’ll grow”. In order for everyone to go in the same direction, we have to see the directional “arrow”. When you’re the one 2. Daisies: Come in varieties. Some need main‐ who doesn’t see it, it may be hard to admit. Once one tenance and coaching to develop but they’re sees the arrow or understands the direction he or she will dependable. We say, “you have huge potential, always see it. Firefighters are doers, who need something I’ll help you”. to do; so they sometimes set organizational “fires”, to simply be occupied. 3. Orchids: “It’s too hot, it’s too cold, turn me to the left, I’m uncomfortable”. Orchids can Linda provided these two rules; which every organization be pretty; but they are high maintenance, by should follow, to nurture accountability in their culture: changing the fastest. It’s the career orchids who figure out every angle that will set an 1. Talk TO-not about. To be held in high regard organization back. If you know somebody one must not talk behind another’s back, and like this, what should you do? Linda cautions should instead talk TO the given individual. If an organizations to refrain from focusing on the issue arises with somebody one must talk directly lowest common denominator. TO, rather than about, him or her. Linda then pointed out that she was referring to malicious Most who attended Ms. Galindo’s presentation seemed to gossip. When such behavior occurs, we owe it find her remarks insightful and pertinent to the fire service. to our organizations to intervene. People can be If you’d like to hear more about what Linda has to say negatively predisposed; so what happens to an regarding accountability, visit her website at organization when employees feed this mindset? www.lindagalindo.com. I will talk TO you, not about you. Our profession is all about risk. The interpersonal part should be easy, but it’s amazing how difficult talking TO rather than about others is for some people. Paul Hewitt began his career as an Orem City reserve firefighter 2. No meeting after the meeting. Some individu‐ in 1987. After 20 years with the als don’t raise their hand in meetings but, instead, Salt Lake City Fire Department he wait until afterwards to vent to a sub group. At served as a Fire Chief in Arizona the very least, don’t participate in these inappro‐ before his 2011 appointment to Fire Chief of the priate moments. Meeting after meeting, this con‐ Park City Fire District. tinues to set a demoralizing and horrible example of how an organization works. We must have organizational consensus. Consensus doesn’t

April - June 2013 | 9 Overhaul, Not Rekindle - Part 1 of 2

A firefighter (Davey Neilan 26/A) who worked with I felt confident that we had found and extinguished all of me years ago always said, “Do it once, do it right, do it the hot spots. Several hours later, after midnight, the tones wrong, and do it twice.” This could not be truer when went off for a first due building fire. I jumped out of bed considering overhaul. One does not want to hear the word and started to get dressed. When dispatch gave an address “rekindle”, on dispatch, from a fire that was “out” earlier. for the same lumber store we were at earlier, I felt like someone had kicked me in the stomach. Salvage and overhaul are usually lumped together; how‐ ever, they are two completely different tasks. Salvage Our computer screen said that police were on scene and happens throughout the entire incident, where overhaul is that the building had fire coming through the roof. I felt done after extinguishment. In sick; and knew that this infor‐ short, salvage is the protection mation had to be wrong. I had and preservation of contents. checked that same roof earlier, Overhaul is the operation ensur‐ After knockdown of a room, and the fire was completely ing that the fire is out and stays out when we left. We arrived that way. Nothing can tarnish an a TIC screen will usually show and sure enough there was fire officer or a company’s reputa‐ showing from the roof at the tion quicker than a rekindle. the entire room as being hot. Alpha/Delta corner. Our chief called for a second Years ago, I worked a fire on The unit shows different levels alarm, it was again dis‐ the roof of a large lumber store. patched as “The rekindle”. A private contractor was replac‐ of heat intensity. A quick spray ing the HVAC units on this The truck company raised their roof. These units were airlifted of water on the walls may re- aerial to the roof, and I was the to the roof, because of their first one to climb. Upon reach‐ size. The roof was 300’ by 300’. duce the temperature, allowing ing the roof, I noticed this fire The contractor used torches to was in a different hole than cut supports for removal of the hidden fires to be found. the one we were working on old HVAC units. Little did they earlier. This fire was 100 feet realize, a small fire had been ac‐ from the original fire. I called cidentally set under the attached the chief to be sure he knew roof membrane. We were dispatched for a roof fire around that this was not a rekindle and was, instead, a separate dinnertime, and had several hot spots to mitigate. I was in fire. I felt much better. charge of the rescue company and roof operations. Today, with the use of thermal imagers (TIC), overhaul is This was prior to the days of thermal imagers, when completed much quicker and at a more reliable rate. A TIC firefighters had to use experience and old methods to is only as good as the person who uses it. To interpret TIC find hidden fire. We had to remove several square feet readings one must understand what the screen is display‐ of external roofing material to expose the underlying, ing. After knockdown of a room, a TIC screen will usually smoldering material. show the entire room as being hot. The unit shows differ‐ ent levels of heat intensity. A quick spray of water on the Being that the fires were small and it was dinnertime, I walls may reduce the temperature, allowing hidden fires held off on engaging more personnel; maintaining the job to be found. Considering that not every company has the with one engine company. For an hour we stayed up on luxury of owning one and that these devices do malfunc‐ the roof, removing the membrane until it was no longer tion, it must be remembered that this is not the only tool scorched or warm. within the toolbox. Device batteries my go dead, render‐

10 | UFRA Straight Tip Overhaul, Not Rekindle - Part 1 of 2

ing it inoperable, with no warning and old methods may weakened due to the fire. This deteriorated state may not be needed to complete a task. be visible on first inspection. A thorough safety assess‐ ment should be performed prior to overhaul. This would Like any on-scene operation, safety must be the first be a great job for the safety officer or someone who has priority. Before overhaul can be started, the area must be not been on the initial attack team. inspected for any safety issues. Checking for any heavy unexpected loads (such as HVAC units, pianos, hoarded Any unsafe areas should be barricaded, to prevent inju‐ contents) on higher levels of a structure is very impor‐ ries. This can be accomplished easily with fire-line tape, tant. Here are a few safety questions to consider: Did the rope, or ground ladders. Although, hand tools can be used, fire weaken the floor or roof structural supports? Have power saws are preferred because the kinetic forces deliv‐ the electric, water, and gas utilities been controlled? Are ered by hand tools may cause already weakened structural there any fall hazards? Does the scene need lighting? Is members to collapse. Prior to opening up walls, ceilings or the area well ventilated? Has the carbon monoxide and floors, utilities need to be shut down and secured. other fire gases been monitored? For protection, remove or cover any valuables or salvageable contents prior to If an incident is going to be investigated for arson, the overhaul operations. scene needs to be preserved at its most original state. Evi‐ dence and the surrounding area must be protected, but the A typical crew for overhaul consists of an engine com‐ fire must also be kept from reigniting. If a scene must be pany with a hose line, and a truck company with a thermal destroyed to keep the fire from flaring up, prior to opera‐ imager, saws, and hooks. Companies should rotate with tions, take pictures of the room for investigators or better fresh crews, as needed, and a rapid intervention crew yet, have an investigator there as you begin overhaul. should remain available. Being that byproducts of fire are airborne and poisonous, crews should use SCBA. Consid‐ Check the next issue of UFRA Straight Tip for Part 2 of ering such unsafe air conditions, crews should be rotated Overhaul, Not Rekindle. every thirty minutes; or sooner, if necessary. Local SOP’s dictate requirements for minimum turnout protection to be used during overhaul. When temperatures and humidity Larry Jenkins started his 36 year are high, extra crews may be needed to complete this task fire career with Fairfax County to prevent heat stress injuries. Fire and Rescue Department, Washington D.C., as a volunteer in Truck crews should open the area until no more heat, 1969; he then became full time in smoke, or burn stains are found and the area is clean. 1974, retiring as a captain in 2010. Fires normally travel up, but embers may fall to floors Some of Jenkins’ vast experience includes his below. All areas above, below, and on all four sides must deployment to NOVA Task Force I, assisting with be checked. Don’t hesitate to pull drywall, if it’s been Hurricane Katrina; lead instructor for numerous damaged by smoke and fire it will have to be removed by fire schools; helped author all of the firefighting the restoration company anyway. Firefighters swinging operational manuals used by the Northern Vir‐ hand tools, broken glass and sharp nails present addition‐ ginia Fire Departments; and served on the IFSTA, al hazards. To prevent injuries, make sure all firefighters technical writing committee for “Strategy and wear proper PPE. Tactics”, 1st edition.

If done correctly, overhaul operation may be just as dan‐ gerous as the extinguishment phase. When working on fires that involve either more than one room and/or mass amounts of content, the building may have been severely

April - June 2013 | 11 Chief Promotions:

Gary K. Public Safety Program. His real passion was his Jolley was Director work on developing specifications sworn in as Michael for fire apparatus of all types. Fire Chief of J. Larsen Provo Fire retired on DEATHS: & Rescue January 16th on Febru‐ after 35 years Jerry Holland passed away on ary 6, 2013. of service to January 31, 2013. Jerry was en‐ He became the citizens listed with the US Navy and then a member of the Provo Fire Depart‐ of Orem. became a firefighter with South Salt ment as a Firefighter I on February Lake. He retired from the Unified 5, 1979. Jolley earned his EMT Engineer Fire Department in 2000 after 32 in 1982; Paramedic in 1983; Fire Kent L. years of service. Captain in 1995; Battalion Chief in Giles retired 2001; and appointed to Deputy Fire from Orem UFA Fire‐ Chief in 2008. Chief Jolley brings on January fighter/ Para‐ thirty-four years of fire experience 10, 2013. He medic Bryce to the position. had over Longaker 28 years of passed away RETIREMENTS: dedicated on February service. 13, 2013. Firefighter Bryce joined Ed Hall re‐ Battalion UFA with the tired Novem‐ Chief Ron merger of Midvale Fire Department. ber 30, 2012 Larsen re‐ Prior to working with Midvale, he after 25 years tired Decem‐ served with South Salt Lake, Lehi, of service. ber 21, 2012. and Gold Cross. Bryce was a great He was hired He served paramedic and firefighter. as a part-time 31 years of firefighter by his 34 year the West Jordan Fire Department in career as a February, 1987 and went full-time in full time firefighter with the West July, 1987. Hall served as a Hazard‐ Jordan Fire Department. Larsen was ous Materials Technician and was promoted to Battalion Chief in Janu‐ instrumental in the development ary, 2001. Previously he served as of the department’s Child Car Seat Fire Marshal, Training Officer, Fire Safety Program. Investigator, and he was most re‐ cently responsible for A Platoon and the department’s Technical Rescue

12 | UFRA Straight Tip photography by Richard Moseley, Quail Fire 2012, Alpine, Utah

Defensible space is a term that some homeowners within the community are becoming increasingly aware of. With the media attention regarding the wildfires in Alpine, Her‐ riman, and Eagle Mountain last year, some members of our community called Sandy City Fire department requesting firefighters discuss how much of a perimeter (defensible space) should surround one’s home. These requests tell us that the education and prevention efforts are making an im‐ pact. Citizens are becoming more aware of their surround‐ ings, and want to help firefighters protect their homes.

In addition to defensible space discussions with citizens, our firefighters have helped homeowners prioritize what is important to take with them in the event of a hasty evacua‐ tion. Items such as money, medicines, and insurance docu‐ ments should all be ready to go if a citizen needs to evacu‐ Preventing the ate. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has also created Firewise.org, a website dedicated to providing an abundance of information regarding wildland fires for Unpredictable both the community and firefighters.

As a member of a department who primarily focuses on Structural firefighters have a different approach to structural firefighting, I have a somewhat different ‐ap wildland fires due to the area one serves. Structural proach to wildland fires. My department’s approach is firefighters should be more inclined to be active in one’s attempting to prevent and educate as much as possible. community, by educating citizens about the potential dangers of wildland fires. Don’t lose track of the fire‐ Prevention is the best weapon for structural firefight‐ fighters creed of life safety, incident stabilization, and ers with respect to wildland fires. The major difference property conservation, all of which are extremely impor‐ between wildland firefighters and structural firefighters tant in the wildand/urban interface. is that structural fires usually have to deal with some sort of urban interface issues when we manage these highly unpredictable incidents. Many areas of the Wasatch front photo courtesy of Jan have homes constructed along the benches of mountain Robinson, Quail Fire ranges and these areas are not immune to urban interface 2012, Alpine, Utah incidents. This, as we all witnessed in the fire season of 2012, can create more than a hair-raising experience for those tasked with extinguishing the fire.

That being said, department members should take time to assess their areas for high potential of loss of life and property. By taking time to assess high hazard area, crews Zach Robinson has been with are able to pre-plan their incident and create an efficient Sandy City fire for six years. He attack of the fire. When pre-planning, take a moment to has held the ranks of Firefighter/ address issues such as hydrant locations, routes of entry, Paramedic and is currently a Para‐ and leaving the scene. Make recommendations to hom‐ medic/Engineer. Robinson is also eowners regarding how much defensible space should a second year Master of Public Administration surround their homes. All of these techniques have been student at the University of Utah, with expected implemented by my agency, and have been successful completion in summer 2013. within the community.

April - June 2013 | 13 Utah Firefighters Respond to Superstorm Sandy

FEMA’s poor response to the devastating aftermath of devastated. Simple things such as getting to their as‐ Hurricane Katrina was cause for the Federal Govern‐ signed FEMA base were incredibly difficult because ment to vastly change and improve disaster response. of the thousands upon thousands of vehicles, including When Superstorm Sandy hit the east coast, some police and emergency vehicles that had been submerged Utahans aided in the relief efforts as part of government and abandoned. His team finally had to get a support or a non-profit organizations, however, other Utahans vehicle from Philadelphia. There was nothing available headed back east at their own expense due to family from any closer sources. Police were crammed five to a ties in hard hit communities. car. Nobody got anywhere fast.

For a few weeks after Superstorm Sandy, Salt Lake City FD Fire Inspector Marty Peterson joined the FEMA team by assisting victims and supporting local resources with “A 72 hour kit is just not enough. the recovery. He led a team in the area of Broad Channel, N.Y., which was hit hard by the effects of the hurricane. Assume you’ll need your own Broad Channel is an island community in Queens, about five miles from JFK Airport, connected by bridges to the food, water, and shelter for a rest of the city and not far from the Rockaway area, which was hit by fire and flood. His team established a Disaster week. That’s just the reality of a Recovery Center to assist citizens with recovery efforts; coordinated volunteer efforts; provided support for State, disaster that big.” Federal, and FEMA outreach teams; and helped to restore a functioning community center.

Due to high levels of confusion at the start, Peterson said Initial conditions were horrific. Boats, barges, and even things got worse before getting better. But thanks to many small ships were thrown up onto city streets and bulldoz‐ 16-hour days conditions improved greatly. They coor‐ ers had to plow temporary roads through peoples yards dinated restoration of electricity to a portion of Broad to provide access for relief efforts. Food and other relief Channel, but there was still no phone or cell service to supplies were shipped in, but the lack of operational speak of. They also worked to provide clean water and vehicles hampered distribution to the people who needed sewer service. The power situation was made worse by the supplies. There were no subways, cabs, or busses for an influx of inexperienced power line workers, from out‐ people to get to help and the helpers could not quickly get side the area, who came to help but made fundamental to those who needed it. safety blunders such as recharging high voltage lines that lay on the streets. Peterson credited FEMA with working well under the local and state command structures rather than trying to Peterson said that the local plans for an emergency did come in and run the incident. All levels of government not anticipate the range and scope of destruction they now worked towards common goals and maintained calm faced, and all services were completely overwhelmed or amidst the chaos.

14 | UFRA Straight Tip photography by Bob Goldhirsch. The heavy duty bags hold roughly a cubic yard of material. They are placed in front of homes to provide some protection from storms as well as aid in the natural rebuilding of dunes by wind and surf.

Peterson says the biggest lesson he has learned is that no Every night we patrolled our [assigned] fire district look‐ matter how bad one thinks a disaster could be, such as a ing for any fires and smelling for propane. After the first large earthquake on the Wasatch Front, it will likely be week and when power was back on for essential services worse. “A 72 hour kit is just not enough. Assume you’ll I had to leave the firehouse. My electrician checked one need your own food, water, and shelter for a week. room at my house and was able to turn the power on to it. That’s just the reality of a disaster that big. Things take I spent the next two weeks in a guest room about 10 by10. more time than you expect. The logistical problems are I used a hot plate and toaster oven to cook food donated overwhelming and take time to overcome.” A sig‐ by the Salvation Army on Long Island. nificant logistical problem was dealing with the huge volume of donated items, especially clothing and cash. In Ocean Beach, the Fire and Police [Departments] built a He urges planners to anticipate this sort of aid and have lookout on the roof of a business and had a 24 hour look‐ a way to deal with it. out posted [until] a week or so after power was restored.

Bob Goldhirsch of the Brian Head F.D. owns a house on At my house, which is about mid island, the water was Fire Island, N.Y., where he once served as a volunteer just over 3 feet high. This water came from the bay side, firefighter. After the storm he contacted the chief of the not the ocean side. The ocean did surge over the dunes on Ocean Bay Park FD, and offered his help. Goldhirsch the street to the east of my house and one third of the ball traveled back east as soon as travel was possible, and field was covered with about 18 inches of sand. Seaview eventually made his way to Fire Island which is a barrier actually fared better than most communities on the island. island a few miles offshore from Long Island. It received We still have some dunes where communities to the a direct hit from the storm’s 11 foot surge. Parts of the east and west of us have none as [one can] see from the island were entirely washed away. Goldhirsch lived in the pictures. It will be a long recovery effort to get the dunes fire station, as his house was uninhabitable, even though rebuilt. [It] will most likely take years. lightly damaged. Feet of sand had been washed into the town, blocking the streets. Since all water is electrically pumped and there was no power, the only water for fire protection was seawater. Steve Lutz has spent the last 37 years working in the fire service as Being a skilled heavy equipment operator, Goldhirsch a firefighter, fire chief, instructor, assisted his old department and the local authorities by Public Safety Director, and cur‐ clearing streets and relocating sand to begin rebuilding rently as an Assistant Director of the protective dune areas that had provided limited shelter the Utah Fire & Rescue Academy. from the direct effects of the storm surge, which had reached about 11 feet above normal high tide. Marty Peterson has served with the SLCFD for more than 30 years In his own words: as a firefighter, captain, and cur‐ rently as Fire Inspector. He has I was on Fire Island helping with the recovery efforts in also been the Emergency Manager Seaview for about 3 weeks. For the first week, I lived at of North Salt Lake, held several the Ocean Bay Park Firehouse. I slept on a cot in [the] positions with the Professional Firefighters of main hall. Dinner was a group effort by those of us staying Utah, and served as Vice-Chair of the Joint Council there and those who lived nearby and had no electricity. of Fire Service Organizations. We had a generator, the only lights for miles.

April - June 2013 | 15 When Saving Lives Requires Outside the Box Thinking photography by Richard Moseley

Dangling a hundred feet below a helicopter is one The buckets used for fire suppression on a type II of the more memorable things I have done. As a helicopter are not cavernous. They average about helirappeller, I had the opportunity to do many 300-400 gallons and could easily fit two grown men training rappels and a few “operational” rappels standing, if it were not for the menagerie of cables into fires as well. When weighted with line gear, and internal supports in the bucket. With all of these one can slide surprisingly fast down 250 feet of mechanics, getting in the bucket may not be as easy rope. Even so, during those few seconds, I found as it sounds. It is not the ideal place for a person to myself grateful big Bell 205 was above and could ride, or the safest. No training is offered on “riding stay aloft. This last September, a wildland fire‐ in the bucket during emergencies”. That being said, fighter was thinking this same thing for an entirely hundreds of firefighters have thought about the pos‐ different reason. sibility. Most helicopter crewmembers likely have this method of escape in the back of their minds as September 28, 2012 on the Pole Creek fire in the a legitimate last ditch exit. Deschutes National Forest, a task force leader was coordinating some bucket operations with a Bell Helicopter 58HJ once dropped us off on the fire 205 helicopter. The pilot noticed the task force line to coordinate bucket operations. A seasoned leader’s position was about to be overrun. The pilot vet pulled a few of us rookies aside on the fire line. encouraged the firefighter to get in the bucket and We were on a very active part of the fire. He told be flown to a safer location. The firefighter ‐com us to keep our rappel harness accessible. If worse plied, climbed in, and was flown to a safe location came to worse, we would harness up and have the a short distance away. To my knowledge, this is pilot lower the bucket to us. We would clip into the first documented rescue of this kind. It is also the bucket cables and hitch a ride out of there. highly unorthodox. As a gullible new rookie, I assumed he was being completely serious. In retrospect, I think he was

16 | UFRA Straight Tip half kidding and half serious. Regardless, no one all of their mental exploring safely inside “the box”. ever spoke of riding in the bucket as a legitimate I think we as firefighters, particularly those of us contingency plan in a formal training setting. This in supervisory positions, need to encourage these is entirely understandable given the safety risks and discussions among our ranks. These discussions can stack of potential policy violations involved in this open up new solutions to what is and what is not kind of activity. Violations aside, does this mean possible. “Can someone actually ride in a bucket?” it is something we should never even consider? When do we consider going “outside the box” to I am not condoning breaking rules or regulations. complete the mission? How much “outside the What I am suggesting is looking for potential solu‐ box” can be justified? tions one might not have considered before. Solu‐ tions maybe no one has considered before. Explor‐ Teaching wildland engine boss classes, I pose a ing these ideas leads to innovation. Innovation leads situation to students in my class. Their engine and to progress. Progress helps us do our jobs better, pump are both in operable; they have no supporting more efficiently, safer, and potentially could save a resources and no communications. Lastly, the fire is life, even if it is only one bucket at a time. rapidly moving towards them, basically, an unwin‐ nable situation. The point of the exercise is for them After careful review of the incident, the Forest Ser‐ to create possible solutions with the tools they have vice gave the pilot an official commendation for his on the engine and in their packs. It forces them to actions as the pilot of 58HJ on September 28, 2012. think “outside the box”. I believe these types of exercises allow us to explore different possibili‐ Read the official Learning Analysis Report at: ties with no risk other than the embarrassment of a http://wildfirelessons.net/documents/Pole_Creek_ coming up with a “dumb” idea. I guarantee Septem‐ Bucket_Extraction.pdf ber 28, 2012 was not the first time the pilot thought about “emergency bucket extraction”, just the first time he actually did it. Matt Call started his career in 1995 as a volunteer firefighter. In a world so defined by rules, regulations, train‐ He has worked as a wildland ing courses, documented mentoring, certification, engine boss for Utah County, recertification and so on, sometimes we can lose Salt Lake County (now UFA), site of creative problem solving. There aren’t and the US Forest Service. He was also a any formal courses on it. Our culture does not helirappeller for the Forest Service. In addition support it directly. to teaching for UFRA, he is a Captain for UFA and works as a division supervisor for a type 2 Some people will naturally explore all options in Incident Management Team. their mind because it is in their nature. Others keep Lesson Learned: Using NIMS to Manage Simultaneous Incidents

On a warm spring day in May of 2012, I was working in neer Russ Avery, Firefighter Russell Bybee and Paramedic my office at Fire Station #62 in South Jordan City, Utah. Ian Call, arrived behind me and were assigned to work I was the on-call battalion chief when a call came in with Engine 54 and start the attack on the involved house. for the crew at Station 62 for a wildland fire near a golf course on the west side of the city. I didn’t think much Captain Kluger and I were at the command post and of it; the crew had already been out on a fire in the same requested a third alarm. When I arrived on scene, Captain area earlier in the day. Kluger was in command; as the incident progressed Capt. Kluger and I worked together to manage the entire inci‐ A couple minutes, later my pager went off and dispatch dent, including the house fire that Engine 54 and Ladder was calling a full alarm to the wildland fire. I gathered my 61 were working on (Figure 1). stuff and made my way to my truck to begin my response. As I walked out of my office it was obvious this was a Eventually, the fire was extinguished with some damage serious incident. I could see a large plume of smoke com‐ to multiple houses, sheds, and fences. The response to the ing from the residential area near the golf course indicating fire, with such minimal loss, was considered a success. this was a large fire. This incident was comprised of two incidents requiring many resources, the house/attic fire and the wildland/urban Captain Josh Sellers and his crew on Engine 62, includ‐ interface fire. We chose to manage both of these incidents ing Engineer Kirk Platt, Firefighter Chris Richards, and from a single command post with two people working in Paramedic Jon Stone, had already arrived on scene and the command post. had established North Division. They were making an aggressive attack to stop fire progression northward into The incident could have also been handled a different way. the neighborhood. When I arrived, instead of trying to manage both incidents, As I turned my radio on, I heard the stressed voices of the the house fire and wildland fire, another solution might firefighters already on scene issuing status reports such have been to break the fires into two incidents under differ‐ as “there are multiple houses involved to the north” and ent branches within the same incident command structure “several sheds are on fire to the east”. This was an urban and assign the branches to two separate radio channels. and wildland interface fire that had already progressed to structures including three houses and multiple sheds Under the command structure established, South Divi‐ and would need the resources of many different agencies, sion was assigned to work on the house/attic fire and was units, and firefighters. resource deficient because of the interface fire and the attic fire they were trying to deal with. The addition of Ladder As I was responding, I thought of the problems we would 61 only gave South Division minimal resources to begin need to mitigate. Multiple structure fires, large numbers an offensive attack on the attic fire. of people leaving the area, a widespread area of urban and wildland interface, and access. Captain Ben Kluger was on By branching the incident, the incident commander’s span scene and assigning units to begin their operations. He had of control would have been reduced, allowing him or her requested a second alarm prior to my arrival and had set to focus on one aspect of the incident and, as resources ar‐ up the incident using the National Incident Management rived, assign a second branch director to manage the other System (NIMS) principles of groups and division. aspect (Figure 2).

I arrived and positioned in a cul-de-sac. The house in front Battalion 61 would now be managing the entire incident, of me appeared to have a fire in the attic. West Jordan Fire but it would be split into two branches, one called house Department’s Engine 54 had also arrived in the cul-de-sac fire branch, and the other wildland fire branch. Each and I assigned the captain to set-up for an offensive attack branch would have a director assigned to manage the on the involved house. South Jordan’s Ladder 61 with individual aspects of the incident. Battalion 61 may have Captain Clay Miller and his crew of four, including Engi‐ taken the incident commander role and also assumed the

18 | UFRA Straight Tip Lesson Learned: Using NIMS to Manage Simultaneous Incidents - Incident Date: May 2012

Incident Commander communication channels. Branch directors Battalion 61 are responsible for managing all problems in

Safety Officer their branch; however, they are still working Support Officer under the incident commander. The single Safety 61 PIO incident commander is managing the inci‐ dent and allocating limited resources to the branch directors as requested while ensuring North Division South Division West Division Law Enforcement Group Engine 62 Engine 54 604 SJPD incident goals and objectives are being met.

Ladder 53 Ladder 61 Engine 121 3) If possible, separate the branch directors and the incident commander to give everyone Figure 1: Org chart does not include all units assigned to the incident nor does adequate space to work, chart and run their it portray the entirety of the incident command system used on scene. It is to il- respective incidents. lustrate how the incident was initially set-up. 4) As one incident winds down, the structure Incident Commander may be contracted and branches disbanded. Battalion 61 Branch directors should be consulted on Support Officer Support Officer Safety Officer Safety 61 individual resource needs, problems, and

PIO status of their incidents. BC Reed Thompson

Wildland Branch Law Enforcement This is one way to manage large incidents involving House Fire Branch Wildland Branch Branch (BC) (BC) Branch (BC) (LT) a separate type of incident within an incident. NIMS

North Division South Division West Division provides flexibility to incident commanders and can Engine 62 Engine 121 604 RIT expand and contract as needed. This incident was

Evacuation Group Traffic Control an example of a situation where using branches and Evacuation Group Group (Sgt) Group (Sgt) Attack Group Search Group Vent Group branch directors to assist the incident commander Engine 54 Ladder 61 (Cpt) and reduce his span of control would have been an

To Be Filled To Be Filled To Be Filled alternative method and acceptable under the Nation‐ al Incident Management System. Figure 2: Org chart does not include all units assigned to the incident nor does it portray the entirety of the incident command References: system that could be used. It is to illustrate a possible ICS structure IS-100.b - Introduction to Incident Command System for an incident of this nature IS-200.b - ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents wildland branch director role until another officer arrived and could be assigned. Andrew Butler began his career Recommendations for handling incidents within incidents in 1995 and on October 7, 2007, include the following: he was appointed to serve as a Battalion Chief for South Jordan. 1) Determine if the incident can be managed with He holds an Associate of Applied a single incident commander remaining within Science in Fire Science from UVU, a Bachelor their span of control. If not, consider branch‐ of Science in Finance, and a Master of Business ing the incident. Administration from the U of U. Butler is in his third year of the Executive Fire Officer Program at 2) If branches are used, ensure branch directors are the National Fire Academy. clear on their responsibilities, assignments, and

April - June 2013 | 19 ON THE DOT

Many people don’t really anticipate what the 2012. Weber and Morgan Counties followed immediate aftermath of a serious crash close behind. In a few short months, over would be. Would you be conscious? 30,000 emergency medical forms Able to speak? Able to tell first were placed in vehicles through‐ responders who you are, what out the State. It has expanded medications you’re taking, beyond the Wasatch Front special medical consider‐ and has received media ations and who to con‐ coverage, helping empha‐ tact? These factors along size its importance and with the principle of the enhance its profile. “golden hour” - the first hour after the onset of With events highlight‐ out-of-hospital trau‐ ing Utah’s Yellow matic injury, and the Dot program already consequent importance planned for FFY2013, of giving people the the HSO is looking most effective care as forward to the further soon as possible - lead to expansion of the program the creation of the Yellow and the benefits to citizens Dot program. it will bring.

Yellow Dot was first implemented For more information visit in Connecticut in 2002, and the www.utahyellowdot.com Highway Safety Office (HSO) brought the program to Utah in FFY2012. It is designed to as‐ sist first responders in saving the lives of citizens during emergencies on the highway when they might not be able Rhonda Parker is a Highway to communicate for themselves. Safety Specialist for the Depart‐ ment of Public Safety. She has How does it do that? A sticker featuring a prominent worked for the State for 23 years. yellow dot placed in a vehicle’s rear window indicates to Parker began as a secretary work‐ first responders that vital information about their current ing full-time, while attending Salt patient is contained in the vehicle’s glove compartment. Lake Community School full-time to complete an Program participants complete forms with all of the im‐ Associate’s Degree and raising three children. portant information about who is regularly in the vehicle, any medical conditions they might have, and how to In 1996 she became a Certified Child Passenger contact their doctor and loved ones. Safety Technician and later served as Child Pas‐ senger Safety Training Coordinator and Instructor. With this program, first responders have information at hand to know what can be done to provide the best care Rhonda discovered the Yellow Dot Program in possible in the crucial moments following a medical 2011 and approached management for approval to emergency. This increases the prospect of a favorable lead a mission to bring Yellow Dot to Utah. outcome after a crash. She is also an AARP hall Driver’s Safety Instruc‐ Utah’s Yellow Dot program has grown exponentially tor and enjoys her three dogs in her spare time. since it was launched in Tooele County early in January

20 | UFRA Straight Tip STRAIGHT TIP CROSSWORD PUZZLE

Across 1 2

1. Demonstrative ______is used to explain an event or theory. 3 4 5 3. A ______maniac is a patho‐ logical fire-setter. 4. ______are often used in con‐ juntion with incendiary devices. 6 8. An incendiary device is used to ______a fire or explosion. 7 9. Serial arson involves fires set by 8 9 10 the ______offender. 11. A ______arson involves three or more fires set at the same loca‐ tion in a limited amount of time. 11 12 13. A ______arson involves 13 14 several fires with no emotional cooling off period between fires. 15 16 17. Sometimes the ______of a fire remains undetermined. 17 18 18. The malicious, criminal burning of property.

19. ______evidence is 19 20

reported first hand. Solutions on page 45 20. A point of origin is where ______and fuel come together and fire begins. 6. Incendiary ______are set 16. The depth of ______can intentionally. be used to determine the 7. Circumstantial evidence are duration of a fire. Down ______proven by deduction. 18. Accidental fire classifications 10. An arsonist intentionally sets do not involve a deliberate 2. ______of custody describes fires with criminal ______. human ______. the paperwork identifying toh the 12. Accelerants are used to increase custody of evidence. the ______of fire. 3. Trailers can be used to spread fire 14. Physical evidence can be pre‐ from one ______to another. sented in court to ______a point. 4. ______evidence is of minimal 15. A competent ignition source can quantity and transfered from ignite a ______under existing place to place. conditions at the time of a fire. 5. Evidence that may have been altered from its original ______is contaminated.

April - June 2013 | 21 Department In Focus Eagle Mountain by Chief Rand Andrus and Andrea Hossley photography by Fitzgeral Peterson

The City of Eagle Mountain was created in 1996 with In 2003, the department applied and received paramedic a population of 250 people and today is 84 times larger variance from the State. At the end of the variance, in having a population close to 23,000. Citizens created the August 2005, Eagle Mountain hired its first full time fire department in 1999. Eagle Mountain was originally firefighter, Chief Rand Andrus. This variance allowed a volunteer department with some of its members being Eagle Mountain to become the fourth paramedic-licensed full time firefighters from surrounding departments. Eagle provider in Utah County. The department’s paramedic Mountain is the second largest city in actual landmass in license includes most of Cedar Valley, from Saratoga the state of Utah, consisting of over 52 square miles. The Springs west boundary to the Tooele County line. In area is surrounded by wildland interface between the three 2007, the department began hiring full time members as areas of the city including the Ranches, City Center, and captain/paramedics. In 2009, six firefighters/paramedics White Hills. The large area between the Ranches and were hired using the SAFER grant. City Center is owned by SITLA and consists mostly of dry farmed grains as well as sage and various other Eagle Mountain has had some significant events over the weeds. Lake Mountain is part of their eastern bound‐ years, including response to a military helicopter crash on ary and includes the hills behind White Hills to the west Lake Mountain, which killed both soldiers involved; and boundary for fire responses. many medical responses throughout their district associat‐

22 | UFRA Straight Tip y

Ranches Pkw Ranches Pkw Ranches

Crest Rd

Ranch Rd Cedar Dr Half Mile Rd y

Cedar Dr Rock Creek Rd Fort Hill St

Station 252

Simpson Springs Rd Eagle Mountain Pony Express Pkwy

Saddle Rock Rd Porters Crossing Pkwy Crossing Porters

Smith Ranch Rd Nolan Park Eagle Mountain Golden Eagle Rd namous Rd by Chief Rand Andrus and Andrea Hossley Ti Pony Express Pkwy

Lookout Dr Ranches Pkwy ed with ATV accidents on Five Mile Pass recreational area. In addition to the crew, Eagle Mountain had several ap‐ During 2012, Eagle Mountain evacuated residents during paratus prior to joining forces with UFA. The newest two large wildland fires, the Dump Fire on Lake Moun‐ additions among the fleet were a 2009 Ford F700 Heavy tain and the Pinion Fire, which started at Camp Williams. Brush, which was purchased by a AFG grant; a 2008 However, one of the first wildland fires this past year was Ford Ambulance, purchased used and refurbished onto the Wiley Fire, which ended up being the most expensive, a 2008 4X4 chassis; and a brand new 2007 Crimson as 70% of the fire was in city limits and the other 30% was Engine. Having become members of UFA, Eagle Moun‐ on Lake Mountain, which is BLM property. tain is scheduled to replace two of its older engines with a newer quint at Station 252. The Crimson will be the Due to the large expense of the 2012 wildfires, and con‐ first line engine at Station 251. The chief’s vehicle, along cern over an aging fleet, Eagle Mountain decided it was with older equipment including a 1986 Chevrolet Brush best to seek membership in a fire district. The City tried to Truck FEPP will be returned or sent to surplus. The create a Utah County Fire District west of Utah Lake but remaining apparatus among the fleet will be part of the did not receive the needed support. Eagle Mountain City UFA fleet replacement plan. was then annexed into the Salt Lake Valley Fire Service Area in January 2013. Today, the population consists primarily of new families with small children and an average of 694 calls per year. Eagle Mountain is now part of Unified Fire Authority Eagle Mountain’s responses are 95% medical and 5% fire/ (UFA). Prior to this acquisition, the department had been a aide. Due to the vast amount of urban interface, the depart‐ combination of six volunteers (paid per call), 18 part-time, ment is still working on their Wildland Urban Interface and 11 career firefighters. Of the part-time firefighters, 13 (WUI) plan. Eagle Mountain also maintains gold in most were also paramedics as well as seven of the full-timers. certification categories from UFRA. Under the direction of Being combined with UFA has made Eagle Mountain a Chief Andrus, Eagle Mountain continues to serve its citi‐ part of the largest fire department in the State of Utah, with zens as well as the rest of Cedar Valley, including Fairfield over 500 sworn, administrative, and part-time personnel. and Cedar Fort with their medical license.

Station 252-Eagle Mountain photography by Fitzgeral Peterson

April - June 2013 | 23 Understanding the Unique Firefighter Heart

Active fire suppression is no jog in the park… literally. Now, what if I add some heart rate information? One From a fitness and cardiac standpoint, it is much more in‐ of the runners had a maximum heart rate of, say, 200 tense. While running involves workload, fire suppression during the run. The other had a max heart rate of 140. adds dehydration, hyperthermia, and heavy PPE, which What do you think now? Who is more fit? The answer reduces the ability to ventilate, increasing muscle loads; should be clearer now. The person with a lower heart and finally intense adrenaline release. Add all this up and rate was working less to run the same distance/time it means you better have a pretty robust engine, in other and has better fitness. words, a fit heart. A person’s heart rate is a very inexpensive, easy, and ac‐ Unfortunately, we all know the leading cause of on duty cessible way to measure his or her internal fitness. Think firefighter death is due to cardiac failure, usually a heart about it like this. When you need more speed when driv‐ attack. Real cardiac fitness can protect you during this in‐ ing a car, you push the gas and the RPM’s jump up. Well, tense activity, but what does a fit heart really mean? What your heart rate is like those RPM’s; it goes up because do those charts showing heart rate, on the wall at local fit‐ it has to deliver the precious fuel you need to exercise ness centers, mean? What about working out with a heart which is OXYGEN. The point: measuring your heart rate monitor? Who needs that? rate can give you a lot more fitness information than running times alone. Let’s look at an example. Two people of the same age, gender, and weight run one mile side by side. They start Let’s go back to the firefighters in the run and add another at the same time and end at the same time. They both run critical component. The firefighter with the heart rate of a mile in, let’s say, 9 minutes. What can you say about the 200 suffered during the entire run. He was breathing at a relative fitness of these two people? Are they the same? much faster rate, but was able to finish the run in the same Who is more or less fit? time because of his concern that he would not meet the fitness standard for his department. So he kicked in a sec‐

24 | UFRA Straight Tip photography by Andrea Hossley Understanding the Unique Firefighter Heart

ondary backup energy source to push past his safe natural work out in a safe zone, while at the same time guid‐ limits. What he used was natural stores of adrenaline! ing us to push ourselves appropriately.

Adrenaline is a very potent stimulator of heart rate. OK, What is the best way to stay protected from over doing imagine this example. You are tucked away sleeping like it during active fire suppression? Improve one’s fitness. a babe in the middle of the night when you hear a lamp What is the best way to understand proper fitness? Include crash to the ground. You wake up thinking an intruder is heart rate measurements in your cardiovascular workout! in the house and you are being robbed. Before you even In 2013 Intermountain WorkMed will be offering testing move a muscle to get out of bed your heart will be pound‐ in many Utah regions, to measure our communities heart ing out of your chest at a very fast pace, preparing you fitness; and I encourage every firefighter to get tested. It for battle. The point: adrenaline alone can shoot the is quick, inexpensive, and will give you a cardiac fitness heart rate sky high in seconds, without any necessary number. Heart training workouts take some specialized activity. Sound familiar to the fire alarm blaring in the knowledge and technique, so I encourage you to meet with middle of the night? either a personal trainer at a gym or a peer fitness trainer.

What can we learn from this? Even if your cardiac fitness level is average or poor during active fire suppression, Phil Jiricko, MD, MHA is board certified in you still have to perform all the tasks in the middle of Occupational, Environmental, and Preventative the battle. You’re not giving up! So, your body will use medicine. He currently serves as medical director adrenaline to kick up the rate, to give you more oxygen. for Intermountain Healthcare Occupational Medi‐ But, unfortunately, when the heart rate goes up too high, cine and serves as medical consultant for many it makes the heart VERY unstable and can cause failure. Utah companies and fire teams throughout Utah. So, this answers one of the questions above, those heart He lives and plays with his family in Ogden. rate charts in all the fitness centers are designed to help us

April - June 2013 | 25 Fireline Leadership

For the past several years, I have been instructing L-380 Leadership has many aspects to it. One of the most (Fireline Leadership) at the Utah Fire and Rescue Acad‐ important aspects is mentoring. The wildfire culture has emy. I first want to thank all of those who support and not fully engaged in the mentoring portion of leadership. coordinate the wildland fire courses. Dan Cather and his I challenge everyone to be actively engaged in mentor‐ group are excellent to work with and do an outstanding ing one’s entry level employees. Too many firefighters job representing wildland fire training at its best. fall short of the chance to be mentored at an early age and, therefore, lose many opportunities to enhance their I believe that leadership is one of the most underestimated leadership careers. “If you can make a positive impact to and misunderstood skills we know of in incident manage‐ someone in their life, you will leave this world knowing ment. One assumes individuals are blessed or born with you were successful.” leadership skills or traits. Leadership only comes to those who spend a lifetime seeking and working to become The “L” series (Leadership) curriculum that has been good leaders. I’ve learned in my career that one needs to developed for wildland fire participants has certainly be a student of leadership. Leadership is everywhere if enhanced the wildland fire culture as a whole. It’s amaz‐ we’re looking for it. Leadership is a 24/7 occupation and ing to me, as a lead instructor for L-380, how a one week only takes time off when we’re asleep. course has such influence on an individual. I can take 30

26 | UFRA Straight Tip photography by Andrea Hossley

students and see a huge growth in their abilities and un‐ derstanding of leadership. For some, understanding their Rowdy Muir started is career in ability to lead individuals in a highly recognized diverse 1985 with the Forest Service. He and ever changing environment can be life changing for started in the Timber program their careers. As these students continue to grow and and worked his way through participate in other “L” courses such as L-381, L-480, Range, Fisheries, Recreation, and L-580 they will learn more about his or her self in and Fire programs. He has been this short time than one would learn in a lifetime. I only a Fire Management Officer for both the Bureau wish the need for these courses would have come about of Land Management and Forest Service. He earlier on in my career. I would have been much further recently ended a 6 year stint as a National Type I along in my leadership skills. Take it upon yourselves Incident Commander. Muir has been the Incident to be students of leadership. Learn from every book you Commander on many large fires and All-Risk read, every movie you watch, every person you surround assignments all over the US, including the largest yourself with, and everything in-between. Finally, take fire in Utah History (Milford Flat). what you have learned and apply it in some form or fashion into your life.

April - June 2013 | 27 Everyone is a Teacher: Role Models

In previous articles, we have been discussing the fact that SO WHO ARE OUR ROLE MODELS? everyone is really a teacher in some way, shape, or form We often select celebrities or famous persons as our and the fact that actions will always speak louder than role models. There is nothing wrong with that, as long words. Actions reveal to others one’s integrity, commit‐ as we understand the behavior we are seeking to emu‐ ment, and enthusiasm towards one’s career. When we late. What does he or she display that has impressed are new in the fire service, we look to others for guid‐ you enough to emulate them? ance, whether it is formal instruction or simply observ‐ ing what appears to be positive and successful perfor‐ For many people, Martin Luther King Jr. is their ultimate mance. We look for a “model of behavior” to follow in choice for a role model. He dedicated the major portion order to insure one’s own success. This is pretty normal of his life to improving civil rights for others. He dealt in any walk of life, from athletics to politics. And occa‐ with many setbacks, hostility, and disappointment. His sionally we may realize that we need to make a change, commitment never wavered. Martin Luther King, Jr. especially when a role model’s actions do not match up had a dream and he never lost sight of his ultimate goal. with his or her words. By remembering how his words matched his actions, his level of commitment and the obstacles he had to So, what does the term “role model” mean to you? Webster overcome, gives a model of how we too can strive to be defines a role model as “A person so effective or inspiring committed to our careers. … as to be a model for others.” The Oxford Dictionary states, “A person looked to by others as an example…” For others, physical talent and commitment to a task may Do these definitions fit your description of a role model? be what he or she is looking to emulate. Many believe that Who are your role models and what traits does he or she Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player to ever display that inspire you to try to be like them? There play the game. Beyond his physical skills, he displayed are many traits that are worthy of emulation: integrity, humility and kindness. Although he was arguably one of leadership, commitment, work ethic, talent, and many the greatest basketball players of all time, he had the cour‐ other commendable qualities that we all seek to further age to pursue a second career in baseball. Many of you are develop in oneself. aware that Michael Jordan’s pursuit to be a major league baseball player did not turn out like his basketball career. As firefighters, officers, or even as parents, we are role In spite of the whole world watching, he was not afraid models in one way or another. Parents serve as their child’s of disappointment. His message of persistence and com‐ first and most important role model, observing how we act mitment is best described by his own words, “I can accept and react and view how we cope with stress, anger, and failure, but I can’t accept not trying”. Once again, we see good fortune. A child notices whether we are accountable a man’s words matching his actions. This is a great lesson for our actions or make up excuses, whether we deal with for many firefighters who participate in the promotional problems or avoid them. Role modeling is not about what process and aren’t successful. A person may rationalize we say; it is about what we do. Everything we do sends that the system has somehow been unfair to them and use a message. Good firefighters perform, whether anyone is that failure as a reason for never trying again. A much watching or not. Good fire officers act in the best interest better approach is to use your disappointment as a spring‐ of their team members. Good parents act as if their chil‐ board for the next exam, develop a better study plan, make dren are always watching, because they are! People who any necessary changes and try harder next time. Michael set the example have credibility. One of the most current Jordan’s advice to you after a failure would be to think critical leadership issues in the fire service is the establish‐ positive and create determination from the failed promo‐ ment and maintenance of respect and credibility. It is ex‐ tional attempt. Each failure provides some information that tremely important that those in positions of authority strive will get you closer to success. There are often roadblocks to maintain credibility with those that he or she leads. on the promotional trail, but obstacles don’t have to stop There is no better way to acquire and maintain credibility you. Overcome barriers using Michael Jordan’s philosophy than role modeling. as an inspiration. His greatest triumph is his belief that the greatest failure is the decision to not even try.

28 | UFRA Straight Tip J.P. Hayes, a 43-year old professional golfer who hasn’t gency evacuation in modern history”, evacuating 25,000 won a PGA Tour event in six years, is our newest candi‐ people from the World Trade Center. Recognize the cour‐ date for the “Most Honest Athlete In America”. He is one age and commitment of the brave men and women cur‐ whose deeds have seldom generated a headline. You see, rently deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, the police officers Mr. Hayes disqualified himself from a PGA Tour quali‐ whose daily patrols in your own city may entail any risk fier when he found out he had accidentally used an unap‐ you can imagine; think of the teachers who often spend proved golf ball for two shots. Not for two rounds, not for their own money for classroom supplies, who work long two holes, but only for two shots! He realized his error after school is dismissed, that dedicate their professional after the round had been played, and his score for the day careers to educating our children. was safely recorded. His career was at the summit of a long journey and he was the only one who knew of the Determine what kind of person and firefighter you want error. Because of his personal sense of right and wrong to be, what kind of reputation you want, and what kind of and his commitment to the integrity of his sport, he did legacy you want to leave behind. Find those persons in the right thing and “blew the whistle” on himself, with the your life whose actions exemplify the traits you admire, clear understanding that disqualification would follow. whose actions speak volumes everyday. Use those role This public display of personal courage did not make models as the motivation to be that better person, to seek newspaper headlines, but the lesson is more valid than that higher level, to truly have pride in one’s reflection in winning. Integrity is really about doing the right thing the mirror. And don’t be surprised if at some point you find when no one is watching. While Mr. Hayes did not win out that you have become a role model for someone else. his tournament, he wins our praise for integrity and for being an outstanding role model. Paul Stein retired as Chief Officer Most role models are not the rich and famous. They quite from California’s Santa Monica often are your mom or dad, one of your instructors from Fire Department. After retirement school, a good friend, or a co-worker. In a previous article, he served as Interim Fire Chief we discussed a firefighter named Don Thulin, who served for the Lakeside Fire Department as a tremendous role model for new firefighters. While he in California. He holds an A.S. never promoted, he provided guidance to all the young Degree in Fire Technology and a B.A. Degree in firefighters he came in contact with and had a positive Management. Chief Stein is a Master Instructor for impact on shaping the personnel that made up our organi‐ the California Department of Education. zation, as well as the organization itself. He never wrote a mission statement or created an Operations Manual, he Ettore Berardinelli Sr. be‐ simply set a positive example every single day he came to gan his 31 year career with the work. He did this through his work ethic, his love for the Santa Monica Fire Department in Fire Service, and by unselfishly making time for anyone 1972. He served as a Firefighter, that needed help or guidance. He performed his job at the Paramedic, Engineer, Captain, highest levels with enthusiasm and a positive attitude. Battalion Chief, and Deputy Although he retired over twenty years ago, members of Chief during his first 25 years, and was promoted the department continue to speak of him in glowing terms. to Fire Chief in 1997. The holder of a lifetime Think about it. Isn’t this the way you would want to be teaching credential, he also taught Fire Technology remembered by your organization? courses at Santa Monica College over a 20 year span. Upon retirement from the fire department in Examples of role models are everywhere. We just need 2003, Chief Berardinelli returned to his build‐ to take the time to recognize them. Remember the FDNY ing construction and woodworking "roots", and firefighters that faced terrible odds on September 11, 2001, co-authors articles for various fire department put aside any thoughts for their own safety as they carried publications with Paul Stein. out what has been called “the most successful urban emer‐

April - June 2013 | 29 A Message from the Academic Chair: Metaphors of Occupation

Résumés and portfolios are histories reflecting one’s more of the same: credentials acquisition. The creden‐ career path. They involve the cataloging of one’s moments tials in the fire service have been identified as training, of achievement in order to provide a snapshot of his or experience, and education. These three are evidenced by her value as a professional based on acquired knowledge, certificates, diplomas, and acknowledgements. One of the skills, and abilities (KSAs). Within the concept of the most basic acknowledgements of experience, for example, résumé or portfolio are two metaphors that drive how one is the years-of-service stars over one’s name tag (at least thinks about them. The first metaphor is “career as a build‐ by tradition). The presumption of the years-of-service ing” and the other is “career as a journey”. This analysis credential is that the person has experienced some typi‐ draws on the work of cognitive psychologists George cal kinds of activities involving fires, medicals, and other Lakoff and Mark Johnson (2003) regarding how people official activities; therefore, there is a career path assumed use real world things and events in metaphors to describe to have been built. Likewise, the résumé or portfolio is a mental events like thoughts, concepts, and ideas. physically documented historical work. It essentially takes one’s career path and places it into a tangible and limited When one enters the fire service as a career, he or she package. So a résumé or portfolio is indeed “built” and starts thinking about how a career might be built begin‐ supports our metaphor of the “career that I have built”. ning with basic training. Learning and achieving the fun‐ damental KSAs and social orders (such as rank, role, and When we consider a fire career as a journey, we start decorum) are vital to one’s acceptance in the fire service seeing the training, education, and experiences as land‐ community. Failure for one to demonstrate competence marks along a path. Each experience, starting with the and fittedness within the context of the fire station will hiring process or academy, is a kind of stop along the likely result in his or her failure to pass probation or the way. Like psychologist William James (2001) describes candidate’s self-selection out of the job. However, once life-experience, it is like a bird’s flight. We mark a bird’s one has successfully acquired the requisite credentials and flight by the perch places and not really the flying between learned to navigate the emergency services culture, how them. In other words, we go from one place to another and one builds his or her career can be accomplished through yet another. So we go from academy to acceptance, from

30 | UFRA Straight Tip assignment to assignment, or promotion and end at retire‐ Other pathways involve helping businesses and compa‐ ment. There is a distinct “path” or journey by which we all nies with this kind of work, allowing the student to forge travel. The importance of this metaphor for the individual relationships with people who he or she may otherwise “building a career” is that he or she must understand it as not have done. There are also opportunities to be involved a journey unto retirement. In other words, it is the life- in university clubs and events giving emergency services long learner that continues to grow and transform himself professionals opportunities to mentor traditional students or herself from sense of professionalism to the next. The and contribute to the building of their careers by “showing one who wants to care and keep his or her career has them the ropes”. stopped at a point to only look back on what has been ac‐ complished. There is no more deliberate pursuit of growth Universities are tasked by society to pass on knowledge and transformation, but rather a focus on keeping things and skills to the upcoming generation. But they are also static and concrete. What might one do when he or she has tasked to generate and synthesize new knowledge and become static but the fire service continues to change and skills through research and innovation. It is this latter transform? Like the world, it will continue to spin through aspect that non-traditional students might find most fulfill‐ the universe with or without our consent. ing in their coming back to get a degree. Whether one comes to UVU to embark in an emergency services career Certificates, awards, and diplomas are the symbols that or one returns to continue his or her professional career some formal experience for a person has occurred and path, there are opportunities and events to help one along been socially verified. But we all know that Firefighter the way. Education is a pathway to personal and profes‐ I certification merely means that one has successfully sional growth. This pathway involves engaging in verbal acquired the minimally required KSAs of firefighting. It and written dialogues, individual and team projects, and takes a lot of fieldwork and practice to really become a collective celebrations of academic achievements. While firefighter. A college degree is a starting point that offers a each achievement is one leg of the journey completed, it is new horizon in one’s career. It is not a terminal point, un‐ also the opening of a new horizon to pursue. Being a life- less the recipient decides to sit back and bask in his or her long learner keeps one on the journey, but also maintains own glory. Once one’s will is no longer directed forward, one’s competence and relevance in his or her agency. what one has “built” is all he or she has and it is subject to decay over time. One must take what was learned in References: college, the academy, and in the field, and continue to James, W. (2001). Psychology: The Briefer course. seek opportunities to apply those abilities. Application New York: Dover. shapes, hones, and increases one’s professional effi‐ cacy. Otherwise, “if you don’t use it, you lose it” will Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors we live become “your truth”. by. Chicago: University of Chicago.

At Utah Valley University (UVU), we offer various oppor‐ tunities for the fire service professional to grow. From the basics at the associate degree level to the more advanced Dr. Broomé is a public safety levels of the bachelor’s degree, we provide learning op‐ psychological researcher/profes‐ portunities through course work and degree programs. sor serving as chair of the depart‐ But we also provide students with internship opportuni‐ ment of emergency services at ties at all levels. Some of our traditional (aspiring) and UVU. He retired as a battalion non-traditional (professionals who have returned for more chief and fire marshal from West education) students are performing vital services for com‐ Jordan Fire department after 23 years serving munities under the tutelage of our faculty. They work on the city as a firefighter/EMT and police officer. emergency planning, budgeting, prevention education, Rodger serves on the Utah Critical Incident Stress and other projects that cities and counties may have had Management team and works part-time for Woods to set aside due to budget constraints. The students gain Cross Police. His teaching and research interests real-world experience, get educational credit, and the are in the psychology and human science of emer‐ communities are benefited by their work. This is one part gency and disaster response. of the possible educational path one might take at UVU.

April - June 2013 | 31 First Strike – Part 2

In the previous issue of UFRA Straight Tip, article First Strike - Part 1, we discussed 1¾ inch hose; now it’s time to discuss 2½ inch hose and nozzle flows. Big fire - Big The bottom line to enhancing first water! We should be very cautious not to be over-reliant on 1¾ inch hose. In my opinion, when the “big gun” is strike capability is to stretch the line, needed there is only one choice. In order to maximize reach and penetration we should be utilizing solid-stream advance the nozzle to the proper nozzles, no questions asked! location, and flow an adequate and The standard solid-stream tip for a 2½ inch hose is a 1⅛ inch tip. This tip at 50 psi nozzle pressure will flow 250 effective water stream to knock down gpm. This is a lot of water and a very capable stream. Fire‐ fighters should also consider utilizing a 1¼ inch tip. The and extinguish the fire. 1¼ inch tip will flow 325 gpm at 50 psi nozzle pressure; this is a very effective stream for first strike capabilities. In the flow range of 360 to 400 GPM, take the first Friction Loss (FL) in a 2½ inch hose is easily figured two digits of the flow, subtract 12, and then add back utilizing the “Drop 12” concept. The following table illus‐ the first digit: trates the Drop 12 concept. GPM Drop 12 2Q² Variance In the flow range of 140 to 350 gpm, take the first two dig‐ 360 27 25.92 1.08 its of the gpm flow and subtract 12, this will give one the 370 28 27.38 .62 FL for that flow in 100 feet of a 2½ inch hose: 380 29 26.88 2.12 390 30 30.42 .42 GPM Drop 12 2Q² Variance 400 (1¼ tip at 80 psi) 32 32 0 140 2 3.92 1.92 150 3 4.5 1.5 Factors and formulas do not work in the field. Note the 160 4 5.12 1.12 accuracy in the standard flow ranges. This is easy to 170 5 5.78 .78 remember and apply in the field along with a functional 180 6 6.48 .48 knowledge of the 200 Foot Rule for a 1¾ inch hose. Like 190 7 7.22 .22 anything else we do, use it or lose it. Train like your life 200 8 8 0 depends on it. Train, rehearse, and review until you’re so 210 9 8.82 .12 good that you are incredible! 220 10 9.68 .32 230 11 10.58 .42 The bottom line to enhancing first strike capability is to 240 12 11.52 .48 stretch the line, advance the nozzle to the proper location 250 (1⅛ tip) 13 12.5 .5 (egress protection and/or extinguishment), and flow an 260 14 13.52 .48 adequate and effective water stream to knock down and 270 15 14.58 .42 extinguish the fire. This means the pump discharge pres‐ 280 16 15.68 .32 sure (PDP) and gpm flow must be adequate. Keep in mind 290 17 16.82 .18 a 1¾ inch hose is more mobile but has lower flows; a 2½ 300 18 18 0 inch hose is less mobile and delivers a lot more water. 310 19 19.22 .22 Mobility of the nozzle equals effectiveness of the stream; 325 (1¼ tip) 20 20.48 .48 effectiveness of the stream (mobility and gpm) equals the 330 21 21.78 .78 first strike capability. 340 22 23.12 1.12 350 23 24.5 1.5

32 | UFRA Straight Tip As staffing is reduced, the mobility of any hose line and nozzle will decrease. Firefighters must consider merging and deputy chief over fire operations. In 2000, crews when the stretch and advance will be difficult. This after 23 years with Salt Lake City, he accepted will require calling for additional crews and will improve the position of fire chief with Midvale City Fire mobility and effectiveness as well as overall safety. Department. On July 1st, 2011, Midvale Fire merged with the Unified Fire Authority of Greater First Strike - overwhelm the fire with the initial hose line. Salt Lake (UFA); Higgs now serves as an as‐ With the right line in the right place and an adequate flow, sistant chief with the UFA. Higgs holds degrees everything else on the fire ground will improve quickly. in building construction and fire science. He has completed Executive Fire Officer Course work at the National Fire Academy and is a graduate of Stephen H. Higgs began his fire the Senior Executives in State and Local Gov‐ service career in 1977 with the Salt ernment, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy Lake City Fire Department. Higgs School of Government. He is a FEMA certi‐ served as a firefighter/paramedic, fied emergency manager as well as an adjunct lieutenant, captain, battalion chief, instructor for UFRA.

UVU Emergency Services Goes Social Media by Mary Ellis

In this day and age, it would be hard to find a college or tion, sharing, and recruitment. The Emergency Services university student who does not have the most updated Facebook page provides information on internships, job technology. Headphones are hooked up to iPods, iPads, openings, scholarships, EMS news, events, and more. Ev‐ and iPhones providing music, movies, course videos, and ery day we can reach hundreds of current and prospective book readings. Laptops are set up on tables or on the floor students through Facebook updates. The same goes for the in hallways, allowing students to work on homework Emergency Services Twitter page; where Rodger Broomé, between classes. Some textbooks can be purchased in elec‐ the Emergency Services Department Chair, is the one tronic form to be downloaded onto any electronic device behind our “Tweeting”. For anyone not on the Facebook or by students, providing quick access and easy transporta‐ Twitter bandwagon, we have a blog that provides the same tion. In today’s academic world, a student who does not information. On every one of these sites we encourage stu‐ have at least some form of “on the go” technology will find dents to ask questions and share information that may help him or her self behind the curve. others pursuing a career in emergency services.

Colleges and universities are quickly picking up on this Whether you are a student at Utah Valley University or technology trend and using it to their advantage. The a part of public service, you can stay connected through Department of Emergency Services Administration at Utah various social media sites. These sites are designed for Valley University has been spending the past six months students but with all public services personnel in mind. developing a better website and new ways of reaching Our goal is to reach out to all emergency services groups students. A newly revamped website provides easy access to recruit, give information, and provide an emergency to information for each of the Emergency Services de‐ services community via the internet. gree programs. We have also tried to cater to the needs of military students, by providing a page with information on https://twitter.com/UVUEmergencyEdu degrees as well as veteran’s benefits. Creating an easy to navigate and attractive website is an ongoing process that https://www.facebook.com/UvuEmergencySer- helps draw students in to search for more information. vicesDepartment

Almost every student has a Facebook or Twitter page. http://uvuems.blogspot.com/ Social media sites are a gold mine for student informa‐

April - June 2013 | 33 Looking Beyond the Hood: Inspecting Grease Exhaust Ductwork in Type I Hood System Installations

It is almost a certainty, at some point during a career in specific requirements for the grease exhaust ductwork the fire service one will be asked to inspect a kitchen from the point where it leaves the hood system and hood and its fire suppression system. Nearly every res‐ continues through the building to an exhaust termina‐ taurant has one, as does almost every school, hospital, tion point. If working in tandem with a local building and correctional facility. inspector, conduct a thorough exhaust ductwork inspec‐ tion before the ceiling is finished and the system hidden from view; one can locate and have corrected many deficiencies which otherwise would have contributed to If maintenance person- the chances of a serious kitchen fire. The 2012 IMC, Section 506, details the requirements nel can’t get into the for commercial kitchen hood ventilation ducts and exhaust equipment. I highly recommend purchasing the grease ductwork to prop- 2012 IMC Code and Commentary, bound together as one book. The commentary features numerous photos, erly clean it, the building diagrams, and schematics, which are essential for un‐ derstanding the fire safety requirements of both simple owner is going to have a and complex hood ventilation installations. Here is a brief overview of the things a Fire Inspector needs to be lifetime of problems with checking for when looking ‘beyond the hood’:

the system. 1. Proper Welding: Joints, seams, and penetra‐ tion of grease ducts are required to have a continuous weld to prevent grease and residue from leaking out of the duct interior. Sheet The most commonly performed fire inspection of a metal locking joints, rivets, screws, or any kitchen hood fire suppression system involves inspect‐ mechanical connectors are prohibited, save for ing the nozzles, hood, filters, and witnessing a trip the three exceptions to IMC 506.3.2. Many test of the system, activated by the manual pull station contractors simply use sheet metal locking and/or a fusible link. While this certainly covers the joints in hopes that the building or fire in‐ intended basic operation of the system, if one stops at spector is not aware of the weld requirement, this point, the hood’s most important function, to safely which saves the contractor from having to do a and efficiently remove grease from the kitchen itself, is significant amount of hot work. being neglected. If grease laden vapors are not prop‐ erly extracted and exhausted through the ductwork, the 2. The Light Test: Prior to the use or concealment chances of a kitchen fire increase significantly, due to of any portion of a grease duct system, a leak‐ the accumulation of combustible grease, the clogging of age test shall be performed. Very few building the exhaust system, and the real potential for grease to inspectors conduct this test, and even fewer fire drip through the exhaust ductwork and collect in other inspectors know about it. The ductwork con‐ parts of the building. tractor is required to pass a 100-watt light bulb through the entire section of ductwork to prove To prevent this from happening, the International Me‐ all welded joints are liquid tight. Obviously, if chanical Code (not the fire code), spells out extremely the bright light shines through any portion of the

34 | UFRA Straight Tip Looking Beyond the Hood: Inspecting Grease Exhaust Ductwork in Type I Hood System Installations

ductwork in a darkened room, grease would be 6. Its All About the Cleanouts: If maintenance able to leak out of those holes and gaps as well. personnel can’t get into the grease ductwork to (IMC 506.3.2.5) properly clean it, the building owner is going to have a lifetime of problems with the system, 3. Bracing and Support: Grease duct bracing and which could very well culminate in a structure supports shall be of noncombustible material, fire. Grease duct horizontal cleanouts should be and bolts, screws, and rivets, which shall not spaced no more than 20 feet apart. They must penetrate, duct walls. Simply put, ductwork is be located no more than 10 feet from changes to be cradled or hung from supports; but these in direction of the ductwork; while also having supports cannot be attached to the ductwork by listed doors and assemblies that can be opened means, which penetrate the duct wall. If they without special tools with minimum dimensions were, one would eventually see grease leakage of 12” x 12”. (IMC 506.3.8 & 506.3.9) at those points of penetration. (IMC 506.3.3) Hand-operable wingnuts will go on the exposed 4. Air Velocity: If there is not enough exhaust threaded bolts, thus complying with the ‘no tools’ upblast to remove all the grease laden vapors, requirement of the code. what’s the point of having the system in the first place? Grease duct systems with any type This brings us to the point where the ductwork pen‐ I hood shall provide an air velocity within the etrates an exterior wall or ceiling/roof assembly. There duct of no less than 500 feet per minute. To is a whole host of additional codes dealing with this properly measure this, an air velocity meter is particular instance and the requirements for the exhaust needed. These palm-sized devices vary widely fan and termination point itself. We will discuss an over‐ in price, depending on whether it is digital or view of those requirements in the next issue of Straight mechanical, and are a valuable tool for any fire Tip. Be safe, and inspect thoroughly! building inspector. (This tool also comes in handy at fire scenes. Considering the dual pur‐ pose use, the price is more justifiable for one’s budget. (IMC 506.3.4) Todd Hohbein has been em‐ ployed with the State of Utah 5. Clearances to Combustibles: The ductwork, Fire Marshal’s Office since when it is not enclosed in a rated shaft, requires 2000 as an inspector and fire specific clearances to combustibles construc‐ investigator. Todd was previ‐ tion. Clearance from the ductwork to combusti‐ ously with the Nebraska State ble construction shall be no less than 18 inches. Fire Marshal’s Office from 1997-2000. Todd Clearance from the ductwork to noncombustible lives in LaVerkin, and his jurisdiction as a fire construction and drywall attached to noncom‐ marshal includes Washington, Iron, Beaver, and bustible construction shall be no less than 3 Kane counties. inches. Certain wraps, such as the commonly used “FyreWrap”, when properly installed can reduce these clearances to 0 inches. There are a few exceptions to this rule, so please refer to 2012 IMC 506.3.6 for more detail.

April - June 2013 | 35 View From the Hill by Steve Lutz

As I write this, the 2013 Utah Legislative session is in Clarke Christensen were seriously burned. The efforts and full swing. Fire Marshal Coy Porter said he had a couple risks taken by the Oak City F.D. are representative of the of little bills to get through but, surprise, one unexpected sacrifice and dedication that all Utah departments hold at thing after another has required his attention and that of their core. Luckily all three men recovered and were able the Joint Council. to eventually return to normal duties and lives.

The relationship nurtured over the years among Utah Leg‐ Governor Herbert credited firefighters and other first islators and firefighters was strengthened this year, provid‐ responders during his State of The State address. Repre‐ ing good results for emergency services. The Utah House sentative Joel Briscoe honored firefighters on the floor of voted 75-0 on Tuesday, February 12, to approve House the House and Senator Karen Mayne did so in the Senate Bill 30, thanks to the efforts of bill sponsor Rep. Ronda with HCR 4, extending thanks for the amazing work done Menlove. Unintentionally, a previous law reconfigured the by firefighters during the severe 2012 wildfire season. The retirement system in a way that left volunteers ineligible wildland and structural firefighters in attendance received and vulnerable if he or she suffered line–of–duty death multiple standing ovations. or disability under the the new Tier II retirement system. This problem would only get worse as more people joined The session so far has not been without controversy. the system as new employees. HB 30 fixes the problem. HB 230, targeting ambulance drivers following 2 fatal Is it a coincidence that a main topic of conversation at crashes, would have required the Department of Public the February 11 Fire Caucus Lunch was how to fix the Safety to approve all Emergency Vehicle Driving courses Tier II retirement problem? I think not. Firefighters met and receive yearly proof that all EV Drivers had received with their legislators to share in honoring colleagues, training. The bill was extensively modified by sponsor living and dead. The legislators also learned Gage Froerer and if passed, will allow the Bureau of EMS local perspectives from the firefighters on to enact rules to get driver-training records as part of an‐ statewide issues, while sharing a meal and nual ambulance inspections. Training courses will also be conversation. As of press time, the HB approved by BEMS. 30 is due for a final vote by the Senate where firefighter ally, Senator Curt A few other bills of high importance include: Bramble, sponsored it. HB 217 (passed), adopted the International Fire Code. This should have just flown through but an attempt to At the Caucus lunch, almost 70 exempt rural counties to protect “freedom from oppres‐ lawmakers joined firefighters sion” almost derailed adoption of all the new Internation‐ from their home districts to dis‐ al Codes.; HB 289, Fireworks Amendments (passed); SB cuss fire and safety legisla‐ 62, allows firefighter access to irrigation and other water tion, answer each other’s during Governor-declared states of emergency (passed); questions, and to thank and most controversial, SB 120, Target Shooting and former Caucus Leader and Wildfire Regulations that drew the ire of the gun lobby Representative Todd Kiser. for trying keep target shooters from starting fires when The Oak City Fire Depart‐ extreme wildfire conditions exist by restricting where ment was honored for their and when they shoot. A compromise was reached and service during the raging passage is almost certain. Clay Springs fire last June. During that fire, things As of press time, we have 2 weeks to go with the ses‐ went terribly wrong and sion. There is a lot more to do but prospects look good. three firefighters, Cameron By the time you read this column, it’ll all be over but the Nielson, Ross bill signing. Go to http://www.firecouncil.com for the final Anderson, and report and links to the bills themselves.

36 | UFRA Straight Tip Utah State Firemen’s Association by Randy Scott

The 105th annual convention of the Utah State Firemen’s Association is just around the corner, June 12 -15, 2013. Here is a small sampling of what to expect:

• June 12th - Golf tournament at Soldier Hollow. • June 12th - Great BBQ, followed by a pistol shooting competition and motorcycle ride. • June 13th - Welcome from the Governor, followed Utah Fire Caucus Co-chairs 2013 by keynote speaker Robert Kirby. • June 13th - Memorial Service for fallen firefight‐ Left to Right: Gil Rodriguez, Sen. Patricia Jones, Rep Larry Wiley, ers, followed by an awesome apparatus and Rep Ronda Menlove, Sen. Curt Bramble marching parade on Main Street Park City. • June 14th – Training, including forensic and fire investigation scene preservation. Concluding with a stair climb at the Utah Olympic Park and Com‐ bat Challenge. There will also be a farm equip‐ ment extrication training in the afternoon. • June 14th - Yummy banquet with great raffles and prizes for all attendees, held at the luxu‐ rious Grand Summit Hotel and Convention Center in Park City. • June 15th - Will conclude with business and elec‐ tions, followed by awarding prizes for combat challenge and pistol competitions. ($1,000.00 x 2 divided for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places in each).

The bottom line is this: Fun, friends, and fellow firefight‐ Rep. Larry Wiley presents Fire Caucus Service Award to retired Rep. ers from all over Utah coming together. Please register Todd Kiser as Joint Council Chairman Gil Rodriguez applauds. ASAP and if you have any questions, call Captain Randy Scott at 801-864-5513.

To register: Go to the Utah State Firemen’s Association website at http://www.fireassociation.com/. Registration and hotel reservation information can be found on the left hand side of the home page listed under “2013 Conven‐ tion in Park City”. To assist in our planning, please re‐ serve your hotel rooms at the Grand Summit Hotel ASAP. Call the Grand Sum‐ mit at 1-888-226- 9667, ext. 1, then ext. 2, and mention that you are with the Utah State Fire‐ men’s Association. Senate Honors Wildland Firefighters

April - June 2013 | 37 The Relationship between the Utilization of Mental Health Services, Coping Mechanisms, and Reputation in Male Firefighters by Dr. Jessica Bulala and Dr. Rodger Broomé

As part of her doctoral studies journey, help-seeking behaviors. The underutilization of men‐ Dr. Jessica Bulala set out to study the tal health services among firefighters may be due to fire resistance that male firefighters seemed department reputation, society’s traditional male gender to have regarding their uses of psy‐ roles, or the lack of knowledge about mental health ser‐ chotherapists. Mental health resources vices and their availability. through Employee Assistance Pro‐ grams (EAPs) are commonly available Due to the strong valuing masculinity by first responders, to firefighters. Further, the Utah Criti‐ the occupational context may have an impact on degree cal Incident Stress Management (CISM) program is avail‐ of utilization of mental health services. One’s profession‐ able to emergency responders throughout the state, free of al reputation plays an important role when considering charge. Dr. Bulala conducted an online survey of firefight‐ using mental health services, in terms of the interaction ers to find out why male firefighters tend to avoid the ‐men between mental health stigmas; traditional masculine tal health resources available to him or her. Her motivation roles adopted by firefighter populations, and the confor‐ as an emerging clinical psychologist was to figure out how mity to traditional gender roles. she could serve emergency responders better. Results: Introduction: The results showed that there was no statistically signifi‐ Male firefighters underutilize mental health services and cant relationship between professional or personal reputa‐ the predictors of such low utilization have not been fully tion and utilization of mental health services. However, examined. This study used a hierarchical regression design there was a statistically significant relationship between to explore the predictors of utilization of mental health barriers to help-seeking and utilization of mental health services among 89 male firefighters residing in Utah, Cali‐ services. No correlations were found between age, rank, fornia, and Maryland. These predictors included attitudes and education level with utilization of mental health ser‐ towards mental health services, barriers to help-seeking, vices. This means that older age, higher rank, and higher coping, personal reputation, and professional reputation. education level were not correlated with lower barriers to mental health services. Additionally, five factors resulted Society upholds firefighters as brave, strong, and most and were titled mental health stigma (factor 1), need for of all, heroes. In order to perform their duty to the com‐ independence (factor 2), passive response (factor 3), need munity, these individuals must display exceptional skill to obtain/share information (factor 4), and difficulty of and courage while keeping their emotions under control access (factor 5). The first factor explained the most vari‐ in any situation. In addition to fires, firefighters must face ance (30.564%) and therefore only the first factor was many traumatic experiences such as medical emergencies, regarded as an important finding. Those scoring high suicides, automobile accidents, toxic waste explosions, on this factor believe in the negative stigma of mental crimes, and bombs on a daily basis. health services and are less likely to utilize mental health services. Results of the study suggest that mental health Previous literature (e.g. Hyman, 2004; Miller, 1995) has services stigma is the best predictor for underutilization established that the firefighter population is resistant to of mental health services.

38 | UFRA Straight Tip Discussion:

In the firefighter world, individual firefighters work as a any kind of notion that they might fit into such a category. part of team that expects them to be self-reliant in their Much of the public is not well educated on mental disor‐ specified responsibilities. This study is consistent with ders much less the treatment of them. It is not normalized Berger et al.’s (2005) conclusion that traditional masculin‐ and most of the time symptoms are ignored or underreport‐ ity definitions and negative stigma towards mental health ed. The mystery surrounding the nature of psychotherapy services result in underutilization of mental health services exacerbates the hesitancy or resistance to seek mental in the professional and personal realms. Additionally, the health services. Combined with the fact that many do not results of this study concluded that conformity to male want to “find out” that her or she is “sick” creates stigma, gender role norms and values contribute to mental health which makes managing one’s sense of identity or self- stigma, which consequently lowers utilization of mental awareness very problematic. health services rates. Mental health services are stereo‐ typed and generally defined as a process directed more at looking into in depth feelings and relationships rather than solving the problem at hand. Traditional forms of therapy Often, firefighters interact with are seen as lying on a couch, talking about feelings to a complete stranger. Rochlen et al. (2006) identified three doctors, nurses, technicians, main barriers to seeking help: distrust, vague treatment information, and lack of provider credibility. This study and even psychiatrists who partially reflects their conclusion, yet broadens it to be more reflective of how being in treatment adjusts the assess and diagnosis rapidly. firefighter’s view of himself and how others view him and therefore barriers to treatment entails masculinity, Seeing these diagnoses in cit- self-assurance, and presentation. izens creates sympathy, but Similar to how firefighters need to adapt to differing situ‐ ations, perhaps the psychology field should do the same. also a desire to distance one- Psychology has adopted the medical model in the main‐ stream so that insurance companies and other third party self from ever becoming that payers will cover the expenses of mental health services. The firefighting field has also moved in the direction of a disorder or that diagnosis. medical model, particularly in the competitive firefighter field where an EMT or Paramedic certification is a depart‐ ment requirement. Often, firefighters interact with doctors, Conceivably, psychologists need to switch gears when nurses, technicians, and even psychiatrists who assess marketing to the firefighter population and even more and diagnosis rapidly. Seeing these diagnoses in citizens broadly to public safety professionals. If firefighters can creates sympathy, but also a desire to distance oneself be approached with learning mental, communication, from ever becoming that disorder or that diagnosis. Be‐ and coping skills that improve effectiveness, rather than ing labeled as “crazy” or worse, “unfit for duty” creates a labeled crazy or unfit for duty than the utilization rates will vulnerable, uncomfortable state. As a firefighter, men and increase. This can create a snowball effect where fire‐ women are defined as trained, mentally stable individuals fighters that are emotionally and mentally aware of their assigned to protecting the community. Thus, being labeled thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can better serve the com‐ by a mental health professional with any kind of disorder munity as well as their loved ones. Holistic and wellness rips the individual of his or her identity of being able to models of treatment to teach mental and coping skills for help others while emotionally or mentally unstable after empowerment, emotional hardiness, better self-reliance, experiencing trauma. So while many of the respondents better communication styles adapting to differing contexts may have explicitly not come out against the concept of are better strategies for mental health professionals want‐ getting help, they are personally avoidant when it applies ing to work with firefighters and other first responders. to him or her. This might indicate that firefighters are sympathetic to people having mental suffering, but avoid continued on next page

April - June 2013 | 39 continued from previous page

The study showed that firefighters believe in masculine REFERENCES: ideals, including independence, strength, and straightfor‐ wardness. Therefore, it would seem probable that firefight‐ Berger, J. M., Levant, R. F., McMillan, K. K., Kelleher, ers in treatment would respond well to psychoeducation on W., & Sellers, A. (2005). Impact of gender role con‐ communication styles, coping skills, and mental health in flict, traditional masculinity ideology, alexithymia, and general. The firefighters in this study’s sample showed that age on men’s attitudes toward psychological help seek‐ barriers to treatment include mental health stigma, avoid‐ ing. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 6, 73-78. ance of emotional expression, and skepticism of mental health professionals. Providing treatment that is direct, Hyman, O. (2004). Perceived social support and secondary clear, and beneficial to the individual’s professional and traumatic stress symptoms in emergency responders. personal relationships may reduce uncertainty, avoidance, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 149–156. and cynicism. Highlighting the solution-focused, emo‐ tional expression, and resiliency firefighters identify with Miller, L. (1995). Tough guys: Psychotherapeutic strate‐ and desire could potentially increase utilization of mental gies with law enforcement and emergency services health services and provide a better psychological outcome personnel. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Prac- for the individual firefighter as well as the fire department tice, Training, 32(4), 592-600. doi:10.1037/0033- itself. The adaptation of mental health services to specific 3204.32.4.592 individuals is commonly practiced; however, the adapta‐ tion to a masculine induced population may help decrease Rochlen, A. B., McKelley, R. A., & Pituch, K. A. the mental health stigma adopted by the firefighter popula‐ (2006). A preliminary exploration of the “Real Men. tion. Through creating a positive light on mental health and Real Depression” campaign. Psychology of Men its treatment, there is potential to bridge the gap between and Masculinity, 7(1), 1-13. experienced trauma, consequences, and treatment benefits with the firefighter population.

RCA Graduation Fall 2012 by Donna Cotterell

On December 12, 2012, Class #65 of the Utah Valley Uni‐ versity Emergency Services Recruit Candidate Academy (RCA) held its graduation ceremony. During the program, CAPS Associate Dean, Tom Sturtevant, PhD, and Emer‐ gency Services Department Chair, Rodger Broomé, PhD, spoke to the parents, friends, and family of the graduating class. Candidate Tanner Ricks was awarded the Outstand‐ ing Student Award and Captain Matt Rhoades was award‐ ed the Outstanding Instructor Award. Candidates Connor Barton, Ben Jensen, Chris Miller, Christopher Monroe, Eric Pace, and Matthew Webster earned the Physical photography by Andy Byrnes photography by Training Excellence awards. Two candidates were award‐ RCA Graduation Class #65 Picture (left to right) ed the Instructor Recommendation Awards, Casey Baird Top row: Connor Barton, Chris Miller, Eric Pace, Brandon Holt, and Cameron Ascarte. Captain Charlie DeJournett was Andrew Yapias, Joe Llavina, John Pollock, Cameron Warnock, the semester’s lead instructor, Captain Steve Schaugaard Cameron Ascarte, Tanner Ricks. was the assistant lead Instructor, and Andy Byrnes is the Bottom row: Matthew Webster, Ben Jensen, A.J. Putnam, Chris course coordinator for the RCA. Monroe, Casey Baird, Robert Broomé, Steven Bishop, Andrew Belnap.

40 | UFRA Straight Tip Climbing the Ladder

Eagle Mountain City the Recruit Candidate Academy nizational Leadership from (RCA) and Live Fire and Com‐ Gonzaga University. Eagle Mountain mand Training Center. City would like Kris Maxfield to recognize their North Tooele County was promoted newest full-time Fire District to Captain on firefighter, Jesse November 4, Johnson. John Stout has 2012. As an been with the engineer, he was North Tooele instrumental in Provo Fire & Rescue County Fire Dis‐ the development of the West Jordan trict for 17 years. Heavy Rescue Program. Maxfield Ed Scott has He has been has been with the West Jordan Fire been promoted to an instructor at Department since September 1999. Battalion Chief. UFRA for over 25 years. Stout was He was recognized as the Firefighter He joined Provo promoted to Assistant Chief / Fire of the Year for West Jordan in 2012. Fire & Rescue in Marshal on January 1, 2013. Maxfield has an Associate of Science January 1982 as a degree in Fire Officer from Utah Val‐ FF/EMT. He was Cassandra Ray ley University. appointed to FF/Engineer in 2001 is the North and Fire Captain in 2002. Ed was Tooele County Don Chase was assigned as City Emergency Man‐ Fire District promoted to Cap‐ ager in 2004-2007. After ending this Administrator; tain on January 1, assignment, he returned to operations she has been 2013. He began Fire Captain. Battalion Chief Ed with NTCFD working for the Scott has 30 years of diverse experi‐ for 15 years. She was promoted to West Jordan Fire ence working in the fire service. He Assistant Chief / Administrator on Department in is extremely skilled in public safety January 1, 2013. February, 1997. He became a para‐ and risk management with exten‐ medic in April, 2001, is POST certi‐ sive training, operational experi‐ West Jordan fied, and serves as a fire investigator. ence, and skill in many areas of Fire Department Chase has an Associate of Science emergency services. degree in Paramedic Fire Science Bryan Crump from Utah Valley University. Jeremy Head- was promoted to man has been Battalion Chief Wesley Har- promoted to on January 1, wood was Battalion Chief. 2013. Bryan promoted to He joined Provo has been with Engineer on Fire & Rescue in the West Jordan January 1, 2013. a 1995. He was Fire Department since 1999. He has He began work‐ promoted to Fire Captain in 2002 served as a Fire Investigator, Hazard‐ ing for the West and served in the position for nine ous Materials Technician, and Heavy Jordan Fire Department in November years prior to his current promotion. Rescue Technician. He also served 2009. Harwood has a Bachelor of Headman has been a member of the in a staff position as the Fire and Science degree in Business Manage‐ Training Team for four years and is Medical Training Officer. Crump has ment from Southern Utah University. a Fire Instructor for UVU, teaching a Master of Arts degree in Orga‐

April - June 2013 | 41 Winter Fire School 2013

Winter Fire School 2013 brought 771 students from 170 agencies to St. George. UFRA would like to thank the students, agencies, the insightful instructors, and gener- ous vendors for another successful Winter Fire School!

42 | UFRA Straight Tip

EARN YOUR EMERGENCY SERVICES DEGREE AT UVU

Now is the time to begin working on your Emergency Ser‐ vices degree or finish the degree you have been working on. SUMMER 2013 SEMESTER (MAY 6 TO AUGUST 9) Why should I earn a college degree? Face to face Classes • Personal improvement • Preparation for promotion ESFF 1000 Introduction to Emergency Services • Expand career opportunities ESMG 310G Intro to Homeland Security GI What degrees are offered? ESMG 3600 Psychology of Emergency Services • One-year certificate – Firefighter Recruit Candidate and/or Paramedic. Online CLASSES • Associate in Applied Science – Firefighter/Emergency Care and Fire Officer. ESFF 1000 Introduction to Emergency Services • Associate in Applied Science – Wildland Fire Management Specializations. ESFF 1120 FES Safety and Survival • Associate in Science. • Online Bachelor of Science in Emergency ESMG (Online) Services Administration with an emphasis in Emergency Management. ESMG 310G Intro to Homeland Security GI • Bachelor of Science in Emergency Services Adminis‐ tration with an emphasis in Emergency Care. ESMG 3150 Public Program Administration

How do I enroll? ESMG 3200 Health Safety Program Management

• Apply for admissions by going to: ESMG 3250 Managing Emergency Medical Services http://www.uvu.edu/admissions/ • If you have attended another college or university, ESMG 3300 Master Planning for Public ES request an official transcript be sent to: UVU Admissions Office ESMG 3350 Analytical Research Approaches Public ES 800 West University Parkway MS 106 Orem, Utah 84058-5999 ESMG 4400 Legal Considerations for ES

What will it cost? ESMG 445G Human Factors Emergency Mgmt GI

• Online ESMG courses are $651.00 per ESMG 4500 Customer Service/Marketing for ES class, while most other courses follow the UVU tuition/fee schedule. ESMG 4550 Principals Disaster and Emergency Mgmt • UVU tuition increases every summer. • For official UVU tuition/fee amounts go to: ESMG 4600 Public Admin Emergency Management http://www.uvu.edu/tuition/tuitionFees12-13a.pdf • Some courses have “course fees” ESMG 4650 Emergency Services Capstone in addition to tuition. ESMG 481R Emergency Services Internship For more information regarding admissions and registration, call at 801-863-7798 or 888-548-7816 to ESMG 489R Undergrad Research in Emergency Mgmt schedule a phone or office appointment with an Emergency Services Administration Academic Advisor.

44 | UFRA Straight Tip EARN YOUR EMERGENCY SERVICES DEGREE AT UVU Crossword Solutions:

1E V I D E N 2C E EsMG (Online Continued) H 3P Y R O 4T R A I L E R 5S ESMG 491R Topics in Cardiology and Medical Trends O R I T 6 ESMG 492R Topics in Trauma and Pharmacology I F A N A N I C 7F T ESMG 493R Topics in Medical Litigation 8 9 10 S T A R T E S A M E I EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN (EMT) E C N 11M A S 12S T T ESEC 1140 Emergency Medical Tech-Basic P 13S 14P R E E 15 16 RECRUIT CANDIDATE ACADEMY (RCA) F R C R N 17C A U S E H 18A R S O N T By Application Only. For more information visit E A A C V http://www.uvu.edu/esa/academics/rca.html L 19D I R E C T 20H E A T or call 801-863-7700 or 888-548-7816

Paramedic

By Application Only. For more information visit Employee http://www.uvu.edu/esa/academics/paramedic_emt.html or call 801-863-7700 or 888-548-7816 Spotlight

Joan Jensen graduated from Enroll early! Please note that courses are subject UVU in 2011 with a Bach‐ to cancellation due to low enrollment. elor’s Degree in Business Management. Prior to this she Please check http://www.uvu.edu/ufra/ received a diploma in cosme‐ for current and updated course listings. tology/barbering from Salt Lake Community College and has worked in the cosmetology profession for many years.

Joan Jensen Joan began working at UFRA On the Cover: as our morning receptionist but was quickly promoted to a part-time administra‐ Matt Call captured the cover photo on Oct 1, tive support position in our finance department, and on 2010 during the River Breaks fire in the Salm‐ February 25th became an Administrative Assistant II in on-Challis National Forest. This was a type 2 our training department. fire where, in the picture, crews were burning the handling off. The handline eventually tied Outside life at UFRA, Joan is married and has four chil‐ in with the Salmon River where the burning dren. She lives in Spanish Fork where she loves to be operation was stopped a few days later. outdoors, camping or hiking and staying active through jogging, yoga, and dance.

April - June 2013 | 45 Nonprofit Organization Nonprofit Organization U.S. POSTAGE U.S. POSTAGE PAID PAID Utah Valley Utah Valley University University UTAH VALLEY UNIVERSITY UTAH FIRE AND RESCUE ACADEMY . MS 193 UTAH FIRE AND800 RESCUE WEST UNIVERSIACADEMYTY P.ARKW MS 193AY, OREM, UT 84058-5999 800 WEST UNIVERSITY PARKWAY, OREM, UT 84058-5999 CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED