‚Once More Unto the Breach' – Kenneth Branaghs Shakespeare

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‚Once More Unto the Breach' – Kenneth Branaghs Shakespeare ‚Once More Unto The Breach’ – Kenneth Branaghs Shakespeare Adaptionen Ulrike Juliane Friedrich Matrikel-Nr.: 490184 Universität Konstanz Arbeit zur Erlangung des Magistergrades des Fachbereichs Literaturwissenschaft Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Silvia Mergenthal Prof. Dr. Aleida Assmann März 2004 Für Jackie ‘Lastly, let me entreat, and beseech, and adjure, and implore you not to write an essay on Hamlet. In the catalogue of a library which is very dear to me, there are about four hundred titles of separate editions, essays, commentaries, lectures, and criticisms on this sole tragedy, and I know that this is only the vanguard of the coming years. To modify the words, on another subject, of my ever dear and revered Master, the late Professor Child, I am convinced that were I told that my closest friend was lying at the point of death, and that his life could be saved by permitting him to divulge his theory of Hamlet, I would instantly say, “Let him die! Let him die! Let him die!”’ (Edward P. Vining in a speech addressing the Phi Beta Kappa chapter at Harvard in 1908)1 1 Thompson, 221 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. ‚Once More Unto The Breach’ – Kenneth Branaghs Shakespeare Adaptionen..........................5 1.1 Kenneth Branagh und William Shakespeare.........................................................................5 2. ‘I Tell Thee Truly, Herald, I Know Not If The Day Be Ours Or No…’ (IV.VII.82-83) – Kenneth Branaghs HENRY V.........................................................................................................8 2.1 William Shakespeares Henry V.............................................................................................8 2.2 Kenneth Branaghs HENRY V...............................................................................................9 2.2.1 ‘A Journey Towards Maturity’ – Die Einflüsse von Adrian Noble ...............................9 2.2.2 ‘The “New Olivier”’ – Die Einflüsse von Sir Laurence Olivier ..................................14 2.3 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................26 3. ‚If It Prove So, Then Loving Goes By Haps:/Some Cupid Kills With Arrows, Some With Traps.’ (III.I. 105-106) – Kenneth Branaghs MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING ........................28 3.1 William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing ..............................................................28 3.2 Kenneth Branaghs MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING.......................................................29 3.2.1 ‚Actors’ Theatre’ – Die Einflüsse von Dame Judi Dench............................................29 3.2.2 ‚Once Upon The Time…’ – Andere Einflüsse.............................................................33 3.3 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................40 4. ‘Adieu, adieu, adieu. Remember me!’ (I.V. 91) – Kenneth Branaghs HAMLET ....................42 4.1 Hamlet – Das Stück von William Shakespeare...................................................................42 4.2 Kenneth Branaghs HAMLET..............................................................................................44 4.2.1 ‚Not Just Watched, But Truly Experienced’ – Die Summe der eigenen Erfahrungen.44 4.2.2 ‚I Think I Know What He Means.’ – Einflüsse anderer Verfilmungen .......................50 4.2.3 Andere Adaptionen – Wie Hamlet zu einem zweiten Ödipus wurde...........................58 4.3 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................61 5. ‚And When Love Speaks, The Voice Of All The Gods/Make Heaven Drowsy With The Harmony.’ (IV.III.318-319) – Kenneth Branaghs LOVE’S LABOUR’S LOST..........................63 5.1 Love’s Labour’s Lost – Das Stück von William Shakespeare ............................................63 5.2 Kenneth Branaghs LOVE’S LABOUR’S LOST ................................................................64 5.2.1 ‚I’d Rather Charleston’ – Einflüsse auf Kenneth Branaghs LOVE’S LABOUR’S LOST .....................................................................................................................................64 5.2.2 ‚You That Way, We This Way’ – Andere Verfilmungen von William Shakespeares Love’s Labour’s Lost ............................................................................................................72 5.3 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................74 3 6. ‚I’d Always Wanted To Live My Life Like In An Old Movie…’ – Kenneth Branaghs IN THE BLEAK MIDWINTER .................................................................................................................76 6.1 A Midwinter’s Tale .............................................................................................................76 6.2 Kenneth Branaghs IN THE BLEAK MIDWINTER...........................................................77 6.2.1 ‚Why: We Could Do The Show Right Here.’ – Stratford bis Hollywood....................77 6.2.2 ‚That’s Not Bad, Sir Laurence.’ – Die Einflüsse von Sir Laurence Olivier.................81 6.3 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................82 7. Zusammenfassung .....................................................................................................................84 8. Bibliographie .............................................................................................................................86 Anhang A.......................................................................................................................................91 Anhang B.......................................................................................................................................91 Anhang C.......................................................................................................................................92 Anhang D.......................................................................................................................................92 Anhang E .......................................................................................................................................94 4 1. ‚Once More Unto The Breach’ – Kenneth Branaghs Shakespeare Adaptionen 1.1 Kenneth Branagh und William Shakespeare ‘…a play is never finished. The playwright’s lines must be transmitted by the actors through voice and movement, and perceived and returned to the stage by the spectators in a process which knows no end. Because of this endless, unremitting circuit, a play always enjoys the possibility of being self-renewing, nourished by new actors, new audiences, new circumstances…’2 Kenneth Branaghs Adaptionen von vier Theaterstücken3, geschrieben von William Shakespeare, sollen in diesem Text genauer untersucht und besprochen werden. Bei den vier Stücken handelt es sich um Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Hamlet und Love’s Labour’s Lost, die Stellenangaben beziehen sich bei diesen auf die Arden Ausgabe, eine Liste der Charaktere und Schauspieler findet sich im Anhang des jeweiligen Kapitels. Ein fünftes Stück, das als Video erhältlich ist, bei dem Branagh ebenfalls Regie geführt hat, Twelfth Night, wird hier ausgeklammert, da es sich um eine Theaterproduktion handelt. Hier jedoch soll vor allem darauf eingegangen werden, auf welche Weisen Branagh die Theaterstücke für das Medium Film bearbeitet hat. Othello wird an dieser Stelle auch beiseite gelassen, denn hier hat Branagh zwar mitgespielt, er gab den Iago, war aber weder als Produzent noch Regisseur beteiligt. IN THE BLEAK MIDWINTER ist zwar keine Adaption eines Shakespeare Stückes, dennoch soll es im Rahmen dieser Arbeit angesprochen werden. Branagh schrieb es selbst und war auch für die Verfilmung verantwortlich. Es steht im engen Zusammenhang mit seinen vorhergehenden – also HENRY V und MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING – und seinen nachfolgenden Adaptionen – HAMLET und LOVE’S LABOUR’S LOST. Es ist ein Versuch über Shakespeare und die Arbeit als Schauspieler und Regisseur zu reflektieren. Auch wenn nicht unbedingt alle Fragen beantwortet werden, vielleicht sogar mehr Fragen offen bleiben, scheint es doch, dass der Einbezug dieses Films das Gesamtbild komplettiert. William Shakespeare wurde 1564 in Stratford-On-Avon geboren. Zwischen 1588 und 1613 lebte und arbeitete er in London, wo er als Schauspieler und Dramatiker tätig war. Er besaß Anteile seiner Schauspieltruppe. Von dem Geld, das er verdiente kaufte er sich Immobilien in Stratford- On-Avon, wo seine Familie immer noch lebte. Die Zeit, in der die Theater wegen der Pest geschlossen waren, nutzte er um z.B. Venus and Adonis und The Rape of Lucrece zu schreiben. Die Theater waren kein hochgelobter Ort der Kunst und Kultur, sondern mussten sich dem 2 Styan, 19 5 Vorwurf stellen, dass sie das Volk aufhetzten und profan wären, außerdem wurden sie verdächtigt, Seuchenherde zu sein. Das Publikum ließ sich davon nicht beirren. Die zahlreichen Zuschauer kamen aus den unterschiedlichsten Schichten und reichten vom einfachen Bürger bis zum Edelmann. Das ‚Globe Theatre’ konnte bis zu 3000 Gäste beherbergen, das bedeutet natürlich nicht, dass das Haus immer ausverkauft war. Das breite Spektrum erklärt den Aufbau von Shakespeares Stücken. Er bemühte sich stets, nicht nur für jeden Geschmack das Passende zur Verfügung zu stellen, sondern berücksichtige auch die
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