DOCSLIB.ORG

Thout First Obtaining Permission in Writing from the Author

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thout First Obtaining Permission in Writing from the Author A University of Sussex MPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details A Stylistic Analysis of the Pragmatics of thou in Early Modern English Dialogues submitted by Maggie Kerridge for the award of Master of Philosophy in Linguistics from the University of Sussex April 2013 University of Sussex Master of Philosophy in Linguistics A Stylistic Analysis of the Pragmatics of thou in Early Modern English Dialogues Primary Source: A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560-1760 (2005) Compiled by Merja Kytö (Uppsala University, Sweden) & Jonathan Culpeper (Lancaster University, England) I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or part to another university for the award of any other degree A Stylistic Analysis of the Pragmatics of thou in Early Modern English Dialogues Abstract This study investigates the changing pragmatics of thou in Early Modern English dialogues. It considers the contexts in which thou and you are used with singular reference, analyses in detail the motivation for shifts from one form to the other within an exchange and how the use of the forms thou and you collocates with address terms and epithets in a broad range of constructed and authentic texts. The study is data-driven. Texts in the Corpus of English Dialogues featuring inflected forms of thou are identified and the unmarked usage of the speaker to the addressee is established by a close reading of these texts. Motivation for switches to marked usage of thou and singular you is assessed from the context. Address terms and affective epithets collocating with thou and singular you are noted to trace diachronic usage. A comparison is made between usage in drama and non-drama texts. The findings show that thou-usage connotes affect not only in Shakespearean drama, as has previously been proposed, but also in a wide range of texts throughout the period studied. The study presents a new pragmaphilological model with a finding that the process of pronoun switching frequently acts as a pragmatic marker. The study establishes that features influencing change of use are speaker’s change of topic, speaker’s change of stance on the topic and speaker’s change of perception of the persona of the addressee. In comparison with you, thou is used as an address term with diminishing frequency throughout the whole period. It is used more frequently in collocation with affective epithets than with address terms. It continues in use with an affective function in drama texts until the end of the period. The switching of address pronouns is motivated. The pragmatics of thou is understood through its switching behaviour with you. Contents Chapter 1 Aims & Objectives 1 Concepts & Terminology 3 Deixis 3 Markedness 3 Markedness Shift 4 Grammaticalisation, Subjectification & Pragmaticalisation 10 Pragmatic Markers 14 Deixis & Affect 19 Evaluation of Connotation & Expression of Affect 20 Diachronic Paradigms of Second Person Personal Pronouns 22 Chapter 2 Review of Previous Studies 23 Brown & Gilman – Power and Solidarity semantic 26 Paston Letters 27 Shakespeare Corpus 29 Linguistic & Extra Linguistic Motivation 29 Personal Preference 36 Politeness Theory 42 Significance of Context 45 Chivalric and Exalted Register 48 Address Terms and Epithets 50 Witness Depositions 51 Corpus of English Dialogues 52 Seventeenth Century Drama & Prose Fiction 53 Pronoun Switching 54 Pronoun Switching in other languages 56 Chapter 3 Data & Methodology 59 Text Types 60 Authentic Dialogue 60 Trial Proceedings 60 Witness Depositions 61 Reliability of Data 61 The Discourse Structure of Court Texts 64 Constructed Dialogue 67 Drama Comedy 67 The Discourse Structure of Drama 67 Didactic Works 68 Language Teaching Handbooks 68 Miscellaneous Texts 68 Methodology 68 Pragmaphilological Model 69 Unmarked Usage 69 Markedness & Markedness Reversal 71 Correlation of Address Terms and Epithets with thou/you 72 Classification of Rank 73 Determination of Affect 78 Chapter 4 Data Analysis of Authentic Texts 8 1 Depositions 81 Categories for use of single thou/you 81 Usage as a reflection of social status 81 Unequal Exchange Older to Younger Generation 87 Young Speaker to Older Addressee 90 Discrepancy in Reporting 91 Formulaic use of thou 95 Dialogue with Spirits 98 Subversion of Social Order 100 Terms of Negative Affect 102 Terms of Positive Affect 107 Connotation of Titles in Collocation with thou/you 108 Markedness & Markedness Reversal 111 Trials 114 Address Forms & Epithets 117 Effect of semantic change on interpretation of affect 120 Expression of Affect 124 Discussion of Results for Deposition & Trial Texts 126 Chapter 5 Data Analysis of Drama Comedies 132 Drama Texts Discussion of Results for Drama Texts 249 Chapter 6 Analysis of Didactic, Language & Miscellaneous 258 Texts Didactic Texts Discussion of Results for Didactic Texts 293 Language Teaching Texts 295 Discussion of Results for Language Teaching Texts 308 Miscellaneous Texts 310 Discussion of Results for Miscellaneous Texts 322 Chapter 7 Collocation of the forms thou and you with address terms and epithets 324 Address Terms 324 Collocation with thou 330 Non-Predictability of Collocation 332 With Abusive Epithets 332 With Apostrophe & Personification 333 Chapter 8 Conclusions 334 First Objective 334 Second Objective 340 Third Objective 346 Findings 346 References 348 Appendices Appendix 1 Affinity: Temporary Solidarity of Purpose 358 Appendix 2 Comparison of collocation of thou/you with selected Epithets 361 Appendix 3 Comparison of collocation of thou/you with Apostrophe & Personification 363 Appendix 4 Data Analysis Tables A1 Depositions 373 A2 Trials 381 A3 Drama 394 A4 Didactic Works 406 A5 Language Teaching 416 A6 Miscellaneous 425 1 A Stylistic Analysis of the Pragmatics of thou in Early Modern English Dialogues Chapter 1 Aims & Objectives This is a qualitative and quantitative study investigating the changing pragmatics of thou in Early Modern English dialogues. It considers the contexts in which thou and you were used with singular reference, analyses the motivation for shifts from one form to the other within an exchange and analyses how the use of the forms thou and you collocates with address terms and epithets in a range of constructed and authentic texts. In Old English thou was the second person singular personal pronoun in the nominative case and ye was the plural form. The use of the plural form in singular contexts developed in the Middle English period probably initially in formal contexts (Hogg 2002:20). This usage probably came into English via Latin and French texts written in twelfth-century England (Johnson 1966:261). Horobin & Smith suggest that by the Middle English period, ‘thou was not only singular but also intimate and ye was regarded as more formal as well as plural’ with the distinction being ‘roughly comparable with the tu/vous distinction in present day French’ (2002:112). Analyses of contemporary texts, however, have shown that the distinction is more subtle than intimacy and formality with ye/you being: ‘not so much ‘polite’ as ‘not impolite’; it is not so much ‘formal’ as ‘not informal’ (Quirk 1986:7). By the end of the Early Modern English period Lowth considers that ‘thou in the polite, and even in the familiar style is disused, and the plural you is employed instead of it,’ with thou being restricted to ‘the serious and solemn style,’ that is, the register of poetry and sermons ([1762]1799:vi). Ulrich Busse, author of a comprehensive study of thou/you variation in the Shakespeare corpus, suggests: If two linguistic forms in a specific language co-occur at a given time it is from the point of view of economy in language very likely that they are not semantically identical – at least in their connotations, or since we deal with a set of closed-class elements that acquire meaning through their capacity of anaphoric reference, or their pragmatic value, we may assume that they are 2 neither in free variation nor in complementary distribution ... but that there is a certain overlap in function in that they should not be viewed as if in a clear-cut binary division but as if on a sliding scale. (2002:8) In order to investigate the changing significance of the second person pronoun in Early Modern English, I have analysed the Corpus of English Dialogues 1560-1760,1 a computerized corpus of constructed and authentic dialogues compiled by Merja Kytö of Uppsala University and Jonathan Culpeper of Lancaster University. The analysis adopts a diachronic form-to-function model in which the pertinent question is, according to Fitzmaurice & Taavitsainen (2007:15): ‘What are the constraints on ways in which meaning can change while form remains constant?’ Therefore, one of my objectives is: to discover the contexts in which the forms thou and you were used with singular reference. My second objective is: to determine the motivation for shifts from one form to the other within an exchange or within a single utterance. My aim is to make my study data-driven rather than hypothesis-driven. Rather than considering features that had already been proposed as potential determinants in the selection of thou/you, my approach is to identify the phenomenon of switching from one form to another with singular reference and then to assess possible causes. In this way, I hope to answer the Fish criticism of stylistic analysis (1979:129): that it ‘was always arbitrary, less a matter of something demonstrated than of something assumed before the fact or imposed after it.’ Fish asserts that ‘the goal of stylistics – an objective account of form and meaning – is an impossible one’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Usage Patterns of Thou, Thee, Thy and Thine Among Latter-Day Saints
    Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 8 4-8-1975 Usage Patterns of Thou, Thee, Thy and Thine Among Latter-day Saints Don Norton Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/dlls BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Norton, Don (1975) "Usage Patterns of Thou, Thee, Thy and Thine Among Latter-day Saints," Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/dlls/vol1/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 7.1 USAGE PATTERNS OF I.IiQll, mEL Il:IY AND IlilJ:1E Ar·10NG LATTER-DAY SAINTS Don Norton Languages and Linguistics Symposium April 7-8, 1975 Brigham Young University 7.2 USAGE PATTERNS OF Jllill!., IilEL Il:lY. AND IlilliE. Ar10NG LATTER-DAY SAINTS Don Norton Until a couple of years ago, I had always (Selected from Vol. 2, pp. 14-15, Priesthood Manual, assumed that the counsel in the Church to use the pp. 183-4) . respect pronouns thou, thee, thy and thine applied only to converts, children, and a few inattentive Q. Is it important that we use the words adults. On listening more closely, however, I thy, thine, thee, and thou in address­ find cause for general concern. ing Deity; or is it proper vlhen direc­ ting our thoughts in prayer to use The illusion that we use these pronouns freely the more common and modern words, you and correctly stems, I think, from the fact that and yours? two of these pronouns, thee and thy, are common usage: thw presents few problems; the object case A.
    [Show full text]
  • The English Language
    The English Language Version 5.0 Eala ðu lareow, tæce me sum ðing. [Aelfric, Grammar] Prof. Dr. Russell Block University of Applied Sciences - München Department 13 – General Studies Winter Semester 2008 © 2008 by Russell Block Um eine gute Note in der Klausur zu erzielen genügt es nicht, dieses Skript zu lesen. Sie müssen auch die “Show” sehen! Dieses Skript ist der Entwurf eines Buches: The English Language – A Guide for Inquisitive Students. Nur der Stoff, der in der Vorlesung behandelt wird, ist prüfungsrelevant. Unit 1: Language as a system ................................................8 1 Introduction ...................................... ...................8 2 A simple example of structure ..................... ......................8 Unit 2: The English sound system ...........................................10 3 Introduction..................................... ...................10 4 Standard dialects ................................ ....................10 5 The major differences between German and English . ......................10 5.1 The consonants ................................. ..............10 5.2 Overview of the English consonants . ..................10 5.3 Tense vs. lax .................................. ...............11 5.4 The final devoicing rule ....................... .................12 5.5 The “th”-sounds ................................ ..............12 5.6 The “sh”-sound .................................. ............. 12 5.7 The voiced sounds / Z/ and / dZ / ...................................12 5.8 The
    [Show full text]
  • Thou and You in Shakespeare
    Thou and You in Shakespeare Modern English has only one second person pronoun: you. But Old English had two: thou for second person singular and you for second person plural. By the 13th century, however, people began employing you as a singular pronoun to convey politeness or formality. At this stage, thou and you in English mirrored the French pronouns tu and vous or the Spanish tú and usted: one familiar, the other formal. In the early-modern English of Shakespeare’s time, thou and you could indicate fine distinctions of social status and interpersonal relationships: thou you to social inferiors to social superiors to social equals (lower class) to social equals (upper class) in private in public to express familiarity or intimacy to express formality or neutrality to show scorn or contempt to show respect or admiration Thou A speaker could use the familiar thou to address their social inferiors or to indicate friendship and intimacy. When some one of high rank addressed someone of lower rank (King to subject, parent to child, husband to wife, teacher to student), they would use thou. The subjects, children, wives, and students — on the other hand — would address their betters as you. The hierarchical use of thou made it an excellent way to put someone in their place, condescending to or insulting them. Calling someone thou, implied — all by itself — that they were inferior. But thou could express intimacy as well as superiority. Close friends, romantic partners, husbands and wives (in private) would all use thou to address each other. Speakers also addressed God as thou, signaling a deep spiritual intimacy between the believer and the deity.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Vespers on Saturday, May 02, 2020 Tone 2; Third Sunday of Pascha Sunday of the Holy Myrrh-Bearing Women, Pious Joseph of Arimathaea & Righteous Nicodemus
    Great Vespers on Saturday, May 02, 2020 Tone 2; Third Sunday of Pascha Sunday of the Holy Myrrh-Bearing Women, Pious Joseph of Arimathaea & Righteous Nicodemus VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS OF “CHRIST IS RISEN” Arabic (slow, chant) // English (slow, chant) // English-Arabic-Greek (quick, chant) English-Greek (slow, choral) // Arabic (slow, choral) Priest: Blessed is our God, always, now and ever, and unto ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Priest: Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down Death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life! Choir: Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down Death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life! (TWICE) THE PSALM OF INTRODUCTION—PSALM 103 Reader: Bless the Lord, O my soul; O Lord my God, Thou hast been magnified exceedingly. Confession and majesty hast Thou put on, Who coverest Thyself with light as with a garment, Who stretchest out the heaven as it were a curtain; Who supporteth His chambers in the waters, Who appointeth the clouds for His ascent, Who walketh upon the wings of the winds, Who maketh His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire. Who establisheth the earth in the sureness thereof; it shall not be turned back forever and ever. The abyss like a garment is His mantle; upon the mountains shall the waters stand. At Thy rebuke they will flee, at the voice of Thy thunder shall they be afraid. The mountains rise up and the plains sink down, unto the place where Thou hast established them. Thou appointedst a bound that they shall not pass, neither return to cover the earth.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Poems About Eagles This Is a Collection of Poems
    Poems About Eagles This is a collection of poems - old and new - that have been written about eagles. Some you may recognize because they are included in anthologies. Others are from “Kindred Spirits” whose musings about eagles lead them to put pen to paper. Some have been sent to us to share, and we are happy to do so here. If you have a poem you’d like to share about eagles, please email [email protected]. The Dalliance of Eagles by Walt Whitman Skirting the river road, (my forenoon walk, my rest,) Skyward in air a sudden muffled sound, the dalliance of the eagles, The rushing amorous contact high in space together, The clinching interlocking claws, a living, fierce, gyrating wheel, Four beating wings, two beaks, a swirling mass tight grappling, In tumbling turning clustering loops, straight downward falling, Till o’er the river pois’d, the twain yet one, a moment’s lull, A motionless still balance in the air, then parting, talons loosing, Upward again on slow-firm pinions slanting, their separate diverse flight, She hers, he his, pursuing. f The Eagle Isaiah 40:31 by Edwin Curran KJV The dome of heaven is thy house But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their Bird of the mighty wing, strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they The silver stars are as thy boughs shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not Around thee circling. faint. f Thy perch is on the eaves of heaven Thy white throne all the skies Thou art like lightning driven Flashing over paradise! f 1 The Eagle by Isaac McLellan (1806-1899) Monarch of the realms supernal, Thou wingest where a tropic sky Ranger of the land and sea, Bendeth its celestial dome, Symbol of the Grand Republic, Where sparkling waters greet the eye, Who so noble and so free? And gentlest breezes fan the foam; Thine the boundless fields of either, Where spicy breath from groves of palm, Heaven’s unfathom’d depths are thine; Laden with aromatic balm, Far beyond our human vision, Blows ever, mingled with perfume On thy vans the sunbeams shine.
    [Show full text]
  • Jicaque As a Hokan Language Author(S): Joseph H
    Jicaque as a Hokan Language Author(s): Joseph H. Greenberg and Morris Swadesh Source: International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Jul., 1953), pp. 216- 222 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1263010 Accessed: 11-07-2017 15:04 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1263010?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of American Linguistics This content downloaded from 12.14.13.130 on Tue, 11 Jul 2017 15:04:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms JICAQUE AS A HOKAN LANGUAGE JOSEPH H. GREENBERG AND MORRIS SWADESH COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 1. The problem 2. The phonological equivalences in Hokan 2. Phonological note have been largely established by Edward 3. Cognate list Sapir's work.3 The Jicaque agreements are 4. Use of lexical statistics generally obvious. A special point is that 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the History of the English Language
    INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Written by László Kristó 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4 NOTES ON PHONETIC SYMBOLS USED IN THIS BOOK ................................................. 5 1 Language change and historical linguistics ............................................................................. 6 1.1 Language history and its study ......................................................................................... 6 1.2 Internal and external history ............................................................................................. 6 1.3 The periodization of the history of languages .................................................................. 7 1.4 The chief types of linguistic change at various levels ...................................................... 8 1.4.1 Lexical change ........................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 Semantic change ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4.3 Morphological change ............................................................................................. 11 1.4.4 Syntactic change ...................................................................................................... 12 1.4.5 Phonological change ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thou and You in Late Middle Scottish and Early Modern Northern English Witness Depositions
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Thou and you in Late Middle Scottish and Early Modern Northern English witness depositions Leitner, Magdalena Abstract: In contrast to Early Modern English, little is known about address pronouns in Scotland during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This paper investigates early Scottish pronoun usage in more detail by presenting a case study on singular pronominal address in Late Middle Scottish and Early Modern Northern English witness depositions from the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The source texts drawn from the Criminal Trials in Scotland 1488–1624, the Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots 1450–1700 and A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 are examined with a quantitative and qualitative approach based on historical pragmatics and historical sociolinguistics. Thou is found to be relatively frequent in the Scottish and Northern English data in comparison with the rapid decline in thou recently found in South-Eastern English depositions. However, there are significant differences in the distributions of pronouns, which are explained by an overrepresentation of upper social ranks in the Scottish sub-corpus. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.1.04lei Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-104825 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Leitner, Magdalena (2013). Thou and you in Late Middle Scottish and Early Modern Northern English witness depositions. Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 14(1):100-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.1.04lei Thou and you in Late Middle Scottish and Early Modern Northern English witness depositions Magdalena Leitner University of Glasgow In contrast to Early Modern English, little is known about address pronouns in Scotland during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Helicopter Gust Response and Rotor Flapping Feedback Control
    NPS ARCHIVE 1969 BURKS, J. HELICOPTER GUST RESPONSE A ROTOR FLAPPING FEEDBACK CONTROL Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Sciences Report No. 88U BY JOHN S. BURKS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE AND MECHANICAL SCIENCES • DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY 93943-5101 HELICOPTER GUST RESPONSE AND ROTOR FLAPPING FEEDBACK CONTROL Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Sciences Report No. 88U BY JOHN S. BURKS Submitted in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering f Princeton University, I969. y^eY KNOX LIBRARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Into this thesis have gone the many influences of an eclectic Princeton University environment; I am indebted to all those who are responsible, and to all those v/ho have enabled me to be a part of it. For the production of the thesis I express my gratitude to advisor. Professor H. C. Curt is s, Jr., whose direction and ideas have helped to make this an edifying experience rather than merely a formal required exercise. For the typing I thank Mrs. Ingrid Loeffler, and for her help throughout and for her persistence I thank Miss Katherine Steere. ;. : :v: -jr In Part I the primary longitudinal stability derivatives of a "conventional" airplane and a "typical" large, high speed, single rotor helicopter are simply compared, and fundamental similarities and differences discussed. Physical interpretation and meaning is given to various aspects of the character of the two types of air- craft. In Part II the influence of rotor flapping (tip path plane orientation and coning) on the stability derivatives of the whole helicopter is investigated, and then various stabilization schemes in which the flapping of the rotor is the basis for the feedback signal are explored.
    [Show full text]
  • New Latin Grammar
    NEW LATIN GRAMMAR BY CHARLES E. BENNETT Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles: Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. —HORACE, Ars Poetica. COPYRIGHT, 1895; 1908; 1918 BY CHARLES E. BENNETT PREFACE. The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical alterations have been introduced, although a number of minor changes will be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to the more ambitious pupil. At the end of the book will be found an Index to the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax. C.E.B. ITHACA, NEW YORK, May 4, 1918 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The present book is a revision of my Latin Grammar originally published in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy or precision of statement seemed possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the Romans themselves. In the Perfect Subjunctive Active, the endings -īs, -īmus, -ītis are now marked long. The theory of vowel length before the suffixes -gnus, -gna, -gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the Syntax I have recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and have abandoned the original doctrine as to the force of tenses in the Prohibitive. Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have been introduced. In its main lines the work remains unchanged.
    [Show full text]
  • New Saint Thomas Institute Guide to Latin Rosary
    New Saint Thomas Institute Guide to Latin Rosary In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. Amen. • PATER NOSTER, qui es in caelis, • sanctificetur nomen tuum. • Adveniat regnum tuum. • Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo et in terra. • Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, • et dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. • Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, sed libera nos a malo. Amen. • AVE MARIA, gratia plena, Dominus tecum. • Benedicta tu in mulieribus, et benedictus fructus ventris tui, IESUS. • Sancta Maria, Mater Dei, • ora pro nobis peccatoribus, nunc, et in hora mortis nostrae. Amen. • GLORIA PATRI, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. • Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. • O MI IESU, dimitte nobis debita nostra, • libera nos ab igne inferni, • conduc in caelum omnes animas, • praesertim illas quae maxime indigent misericordia tua. BONUS: Table Blessing (Bless us O Lord…) • Benedic, Domine, • nos et haec tua dona • quae de tua largitate sumus sumpturi. • Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. Pronunciation of Ecclesiastical Latin Dr Marshall’s Latin 10 Commandments 1. Thou shalt pronounce everything. This is not like English or French where we ignore letters altogether. Everything is pronounced. 2. Thou shalt pronounce all syllables and not blur them. Every vowel or diphthong (double vowel) is its own syllable and must be pronounced. For example: in the word “tuum,” each vowel is pronounced so it sounds like “too-um.” 3. Thou shalt remember the long and short vowels. Long in Latin is NOT the same as long in English: Long Short A as in father A as in pat E as in they E as in pet I as in machine I as in pit O as in note O as in pot U as in rude U as in put 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Modern English Exercises
    Early Modern English Exercises Read lines 49-85 of Act I Scene I of Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida below. There are notes in the margin of this online version to help you with some of the vocabulary: http://www.shakespeareswords.com/Troilus-and-Cressida. Alternatively use Crystal & Crystal’s online glossary of Shakespearean English: http://www.shakespeareswords.com/Glossary Listen to this scene on the following website and download the two supporting documents (a version with partially phonetic transcription and accompanying notes): http://www.pronouncingshakespeare.com/op-recordings Then work in pairs and answer the study questions below the text. TROILUS TC I.i.49 O Pandarus! I tell thee, Pandarus – TC I.i.50 When I do tell thee, there my hopes lie drowned, TC I.i.51 Reply not in how many fathoms deep TC I.i.52 They lie indrenched. I tell thee I am mad TC I.i.53 In Cressid's love: thou answer'st ‘ She is fair,’ TC I.i.54 Pour'st in the open ulcer of my heart TC I.i.55 Her eyes, her hair, her cheek, her gait, her voice; TC I.i.56 Handlest in thy discourse, O, that her hand, TC I.i.57 In whose comparison all whites are ink TC I.i.58 Writing their own reproach; to whose soft seizure TC I.i.59 The cygnet's down is harsh, and spirit of sense TC I.i.60 Hard as the palm of ploughman! This thou tell'st me, TC I.i.61 As ‘ true ’ thou tell'st me, when I say I love her; TC I.i.62 But, saying thus, instead of oil and balm, TC I.i.63 Thou lay'st in every gash that love hath given me TC I.i.64 The knife that made it.
    [Show full text]