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The Portrayal of Woman in Ali Ahmad Bakathir's Literary Works

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The Portrayal of Woman in Ali Ahmad Bakathir's Literary Works International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2016 304 ISSN 2250-3153 The Portrayal of Woman in Ali Ahmad Bakathir's Literary Works Dr. Ibrahim Ali A. Al-Shami Associate Professor of English-Faculty of Education-Hajjah University &Hajjah Governorate Deputy Governor, Hajjah- Republic of Yemen. ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ Abstract- This research deals with an important area in Bakathir's ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎ works, woman portrayal in his novels which does not get the ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ. sufficient study and attention. It studies and analyzes the image of woman in Bakathir's novels WaIslamah 'Oh Islam", Al- Thaa'er Al-Ahmar 'the Red Rebel' and SiratShoja'a' the The Proposal of the Research: Biography of the Brave'. There are two main objectives of the The Portrayal of Woman in Ali Ahmad Bakathir's Literary research, first is to point out how did Bakathir portray woman in Work. his novels and the second is to find out why he portrayed woman in such away. There are three parts of this research; the first is Objectives: the introduction, which talks about Bakathir's age and life, an 1. To find out how did Bakathir portray woman in his outline of his literary career and his view of woman. The second novels . part deals with the portrayal of woman in Bakathir's novels, 2. To point out why did Bakathir represent woman in such Gelnar in WaIslamah, Aaliyah in the Red Rebel and Sumayyah in away. the Biography of the Brave. The third part of the research is the 3. To introduce Bakathir's and his view of woman to the conclusion and findings. It is clear from the research that English language readers. Bakathir portrayed woman in a positive and bright image. Woman is presented as a wise, brave, hardworking, clever, The Significance of the Research faithful, honest, heroic, cooperative, influential, skillful and This research is a significant one because it deals with an successful Muslim wife and woman with leadership qualities. important issue in Ali A. Bakathir's works, which did not get the Bakathir's positive portrayal of woman is influenced by his sufficient study and attention. The image of woman is one of the Islamic ideology as well as his own view and philosophy where controversial themes in modern literature; there are various and he thinks that woman should be admired and appreciated. contradicted attitudes and ways of woman representation varied according to the ideology and philosophy of the authors. Index Terms- woman, portrayal, presentation, wise, image, Bakathir, a pioneer of modern Arabic, Islamic literature, has his work. own and unique way of woman's representation which, to some extent, remains unknown to both Arabic as well as English speakers and readers.This research highlights this important issue .in Bakathir's novels ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ :The Scope of the Research ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺋﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ: -ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ This research is limited to study the image of woman as -ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ-ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ: -ﺩ. ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ- presented by Bakathir in these novels. More specifically, the ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ-ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺠﺔ—ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺣﺠﺔ-ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ. Email [email protected] research is limited to study woman presentation in Bakathirnovels,WaIslamah,Al-Tha'aer Al-Ahmar translated into English as the Red Rebel"SiratShoja'a translated into English as ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺩﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻣﻦ .. the Biography of the Brave ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺋﻴﺔ. ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ The Methodology ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ. ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ This research is a theoretical library research based on ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ، ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻤﺤﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺓ .theoretical analysis of the image of woman as presented in Ali A ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻭﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺍ ﻻﻫﻢ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ Bakathir's novels. It adopts the descriptive and analytical ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺟﻠﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺎﻩ .method ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻭﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺮﺓ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ. ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ. ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻥ The Parts of the Research ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺩﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ Introduction. This part is divided into three subtitles as-1 ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺅﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﻳﺜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ -:follows ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠٮﺎﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ Bakathir's life 1.1 ﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻋﺠﺎﺏ. ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ Bakathir's view of woman 1.2 ﻫﻮ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻨﺎﻋﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ Bakathir's literary career 1.3 ﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ www.ijsrp.org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2016 305 ISSN 2250-3153 2- The Portrayal of Woman in Bakathir's Novels. This part is woman in a distinguished and bright image. His portrayal of also divided into three subtitles:- woman is an output of his Islamic views and values, his own 2.1 Gelnar in Bakathir's novel WaIslamah vision of woman and his views that are touched by some modern 2.2 Aaliah in Bakathir's novel the Red Rebel. touches, which believe that woman, should be admired and 2.3 Sumayyiah in Bakathir's novel the Biography of the Brave. appreciated and she should participate actively in different fields of life.Bakathir (1997:66) pointed out his own about woman and 3- Conclusion and Findings his dissatisfaction with some disadvantageous which affected the expected role of woman; Bakathirstated- In my opinion, the woman of modern age is no more a I. INTRODUCTION femaleone because she leaves her home and works and does his part introduces a general background about Ali Ahmad manyactivities, which make her extend the limits of her T Bakathir and his vision of woman with a general and brief feminism. Furthermore, she did not pay the sufficient attention of survey of his works. It is divided into three subtitles, the first theworks of her home, and she neglected the children becauseshe introduces Bakathir and his life, and the second presents his view believed that these tasks are the responsibility of the servants (1). of woman and the last summarizes Bakathir's literary production. However, this does not mean that Bakathir stand against the works of woman and her rights. He thinks that woman has a 1.1 Bakathir's Life. great function and status in life and she should do the jobs and st works that suit her nature and psychology. When he was Ali Ahmad Bakthir was born in Indonesia in December 21P ,P 1910 for Yemeni parents from Hadramout. He came back to his asked,"do you think that woman should not work? He homeland Hadramout when he was ten years old together with replied,"No, she should work but she should not be transferred his father. He settled in Seiyoun, a city in Hadramout with his into a male because of her extroverted behaviors; it is not half brothers and sisters and studied Islamic theology and suitable for her to undress her body in a disgustful way, even the sciences and Arabic language. The society of Seiyoun, especially husband does not like to see his wife naked. She would be the family of Bakathir, were fond of poetry and this is one of the annoyed in her way, in transportation and in her job if she reasons that encouraged Bakathir to compose poetry early at the behaves openly and impolitely. She should be introvert so that rd she can avoid the annoyances of others. She should do the works age of thirteen. His father died in February 3P P 1925while Ali Ahmad Bakathir was at the age of fifteen and he composed an that suit her nature and she also should avoid the behaviors that elegy poem for the death of his father of more than seventy lines. make her fell in the trap of those who run after their sexual He studied and worked in some educational institutions in motifs(2). This view of Bakathir about woman and her roles was Seiyoun and participated in some cultural and educational based on his Islamic view; Bakathir(1997:99) declared " I always activities. After the death of his beloved wife, Bakathir was full think of Islam as a powerful civil and spiritual power and of sorrow and sadness so he left to Aden in 1932. He stayed in humanity will be in need to be enlightened guided by this Aden for few months where he met the famous poet Mohammad power.(3)Bakathir's positive view of woman control his literary Loqman and he composed some poems which were collected and vision and treatment of female characters. Al-Zabidi (2008) published later entitled the Magic of Aden and the Pride of declared that Bakathir has introduced a bright modal of woman Yemen. Then, Bakathir left Aden to Somalia, Ethiopia and after in his works;Alzabiadi states: that travelled to Hijazz' Saudi Arabia' where he wrote his first Bakathir has introduced bright modals of woman in his poetic social play Humam aw fi Al-Ahqafand composed some literary works and he put woman in her right place, which was poems later collected and published.
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