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Defining the Role of First Lady
- Defining the Role of First Lady An Honors College Thesis (Honors 499) By Denise Jutte - Thesis Advisor Larry Markle Ball State University Muncie, IN Graduation Date: May 3, 2008 ;' l/,~· ,~, • .L-',:: J,I Table of Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction: Defining the Role of First Lady 4 First Ladies Ranking 11 Individual Analysis of First Ladies 12 Chronological Order Observations on Leadership and Comparisons to Previous Presidential Rankings 177 Conclusion: The Role ofthe Future First Spouse 180 Works Cited 182 Appendix A: Ranking of Presidents 183 Appendix B: Presidential Analysis 184 Appendix C: Other Polls and Rankings of the First Ladies 232 1 Abstract In the Fall Semester of 2006, I took an honors colloquium taught by Larry Markle on the presidents of the United States. Throughout the semester we studied all of the past presidents and compiled a ranked list of these men based on our personal opinion of their greatness. My thesis is a similar study of their wives. The knowledge I have gained through researching presidential spouses has been very complementary to the information I learned previously in Mr. Markle's class and has expanded my understanding of one ofthe most important political positions in the United States. The opportunity to see what parallels developed between my ran kings of the preSidents and the women that stood behind them has led me to a deeper understanding ofthe traits and characteristics that are embodied by those viewed as great leaders. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my dad for helping me to participate in and understand the importance of history and education at a young age. -
“A Little Schoolgirl”
1 “A little schoolgirl” May 28, 1886 My dear Sir, My marriage with Miss Folsom will take place at the White House on Wednesday (June 2nd) at seven o’clock in the evening. I humbly think that I can creditably claim . you and Mrs. —— as friends to encourage and sustain us in this new and untried situation. May I expect to see you both on this occasion. Yours Sincerely, Grover Cleveland1 With a handwritten invitation and a formal announcement from the White House, President Grover Cleveland ended nearly a year of speculation about his marital intentions. The front pages of the nation’s major newspapers had covered the story daily from the beginning of May, and gossip in Washington was intense. Cabinet wives pestered their husbands for word of the president’s plans, but Cleveland had kept close counsel. Family members and Cleveland’s closest confi dantes proved their loyalty; they did not reveal the identity of his fi ancée. Washington society had been looking for a bride for the forty- eight-year old bachelor president since he entered the White House in March 1885. A women’s reception at the end of March, held by Cleveland’s sister, Rose, who was acting as her brother’s hostess in the absence of a fi rst lady, provided ideal grist for the rumor mill. The 1 © 2009 State University of New York Press, Albany 2 Frank leading candidate for White House bride, from the gossips’ perspective, was Miss Van Vechten. Her fi rst name, city of origin, and connection to the Clevelands are lost to history, but a description of her remains. -
Phil the Postage Stamp Chapter 6
Ladies who became FIRST Rachel Donelson – the Fourth in a Series by Randall Priest Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson [Figure 1] was born in June, 1767, to Colonel John Donelson and Rachel Stockley Donelson at their home about ten miles from Chatham, Virginia in Pittsylvania County, near the Banister River. She was the 11th of 12 children. When Rachel was 12 years old her family moved to Tennessee where Colonel Donelson co-founded what was to become the city of Nashville. When Rachel was about 19 years old she was attracting much attention from suitors. She was described as having “lustrous black eyes, dark glossy hair, full red lips, brunette complexion, though of brilliant coloring, and a sweet oval face rippling with smiles and dimples.” Her first marriage, at age 20, was to Captain Lewis Robards of Harrodsburg, Kentucky, a landowner and speculator. The marriage was not a happy affair, and after 3 years, in 1790, the two separated. Figure 1 When Andrew Jackson [Figure 2 & 6] migrated to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1788, he boarded with Rachel Stockley Donelson, the mother of Rachel Robards. Rachel and Andrew began seeing each other, and in 1791, they went to Natchez, Mississippi, and were married. This was after they saw a notice in the paper that said that Lewis Robards had obtained a divorce from Rachel. Soon it was learned that the notice was fake. Robards filed for divorce in 1794 using adultery as the reason. Rachel and Andrew ‘remarried’ in December of that year. As is the ‘normal’ way presidential election campaigns are run, the Figure 3 other side is always looking for some ‘dirt.’ During the campaign of 1828 supporters of John Quincy Adams [Figure 3], Jackson’s opponent accused Jackson’s wife of being a bigamist, among other things. -
Notable Southern Families Vol II
NOTABLE SOUTHERN FAMILIES VOLUME II (MISSING PHOTO) Page 1 of 327 NOTABLE SOUTHERN FAMILIES VOLUME II JEFFERSON DAVIS PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA Page 2 of 327 NOTABLE SOUTHERN FAMILIES VOLUME II Copyright 1922 By ZELLA ARMSTRONG Page 3 of 327 NOTABLE SOUTHERN FAMILIES VOLUME II NOTABLE SOUTHERN FAMILIES VOLUME II COMPILED BY ZELLA ARMSTRONG Member of the Tennessee Historical Commission PRICE $4.00 PUBLISHED BY THE LOOKOUT PUBLISHING CO. CHATTANOOGA, TENN. Page 4 of 327 NOTABLE SOUTHERN FAMILIES VOLUME II Table of Contents FOREWORD....................................................................10 BEAN........................................................................11 BOONE.......................................................................19 I GEORGE BOONE...........................................................20 II SARAH BOONE...........................................................20 III SQUIRE BOONE.........................................................20 VI DANIEL BOONE..........................................................21 BORDEN......................................................................23 COAT OF ARMS.............................................................29 BRIAN.......................................................................30 THIRD GENERATION.........................................................31 WILLIAM BRYAN AND MARY BOONE BRYAN.......................................33 WILLIAM BRYAN LINE.......................................................36 FIRST GENERATION -
Andrew Jackson Collection, 1788-1942
State of Tennessee Department of State Tennessee State Library and Archives 403 Seventh Avenue North Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0312 ANDREW JACKSON COLLECTION, 1788-1942 Accession numbers: 3, 37, 38, 41, 297, 574, 582, 624, 640, 646, 691, 692, 845, 861, 968, 971, 995, 1103, 1125, 1126, 1128, 1170 1243, 1301, 1392, 69-160, and 78-048 Processed by Harriet C. Owsley and Linda J. Drake Date completed: June 1, 1959 Revised: 1964 Microfilm Accession Number: Mf. 809 Location: VI-A-4-6 The collected papers of and materials about Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), Judge Advocate of Davidson County, Tennessee, Militia Regiment, 1791; member of Congress, 1796-1798, 1823- 1824; Major General, United States Army, 1814; Governor of Florida Territory, 1821; and President of the United States, 1828-1836, were collected by Mr. And Mrs. John Trotwood Moore on behalf of the Tennessee State Library and Archives during their respective terms as State Librarian and Archivist. The documents were acquired from various sources. Linear feet of shelf space occupied: 6.0 Approximate number of items: 1.500 Single photocopies of unpublished writings may be made for purposes of scholarly research. Microfilm Container List Reel 1: Box 1 to Box 3, Folder 13 Reel 2: Box 3, Folder 13 to Box 6, Folder 2 Reel 3: Box 6, Folder 3 to Box 9 On Reel 3 of the microfilm, targets labeled box 5 should be labeled Box 6. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The Andrew Jackson Papers, approximately 1,500 items (originals, photostats, and Xerox copies) dating from 1788 to 1942, are composed of correspondence: legal documents; clippings; documents about the Dickinson duel; articles about Andrew Jackson; biographical data concerning Andrew Jackson; biographical data concerning Ralph Earl (portrait painter); John H. -
Andrew Jackson's Children, Family Fun and Easter Holiday Festivities
Andrew Jackson’s Children, Family Fun and Easter Holiday Festivities Family was a priority for President Jackson amid the politics and the bustle of growing a new nation. From an early age, Jackson understood the importance of these relationships. Losing his loved ones as a child took a heavy toll on him, which resulted in his efforts to create strong family bonds. Although seen by many as an outspoken, fiery politician, his home life at The Hermitage was indeed a reflection of his passion for maintaining kinship networks. Although President Jackson and his wife Rachel didn’t have any children of their own, they opened their home to many over the years. The couple raised children of several colleagues and family members, including Rachel's nephew, Andrew Jackson Jr., whom they adopted as their son.1 Imagine the halls of a presidential house filled with lots of giggles and toys! A guest of Jackson once wrote in a letter that he remembered going to see Jackson on business and observed the General with a small child on each knee. This sight was quite a change from the hard military leader the world knew him to be. As an adult, Andrew Jackson Jr. and his wife, Sarah Yorke Jackson, exhibited this love of family with their young children, Andrew III, Samuel and Rachel (affectionately known as “Little Rachel”). The children fondly remember playing in the mansion and enjoying the company of their grandfather in his retirement years from the presidency. The Jackson family portraits, oil on canvas, created by Ralph W. -
Scholar to Discuss the “Other Women” of the White House at April Free Lecture
3/21/2019 Scholar to discuss the "other women" of the White House at April free lecture Katie Sibley, Ph.D. of St. Joseph's University to tell all about surrogate First Ladies, View this email in your browser including Lancaster's First Lady Harriet Lane For Immediate Release Contact: Robin Sarratt Vice President 717-392-4633 ext. 117 All events are camera friendly, and [email protected] principals will be available for interviews. Scholar to discuss the "other women" of the White House at April free lecture Katie Sibley, Ph.D. of St. Joseph's University to tell all about surrogate First Ladies, including Lancaster's First Lady Harriet Lane Lancaster, PA (March 20, 2019) – On Thursday, April 4, 2019, Dr. Katie Sibley will join LancasterHistory to discuss the “other women” of the White House: First Ladies never married to presidents. Beginning with Martha Jefferson Randolph, Thomas Jefferson’s daughter, there have been a handful of “surrogate First Ladies” who have performed the duties of White House hostess while not being married to the president. Even when these women are acknowledged as “surrogate First Ladies,” they are often not granted the value or respect of official First Ladies, though many served important roles in presidential administrations. Perhaps most notable to the lineup of surrogate First Ladies is Harriet Lane, niece of President James Buchanan, who is the only woman who was not married to a president that is considered an “official” First Lady. Harriet Lane acted as Buchanan’s hostess and was a highly visible public figure. Other non-spousal relatives, including Emily Donelson and Sarah Yorke Jackson (Andrew Jackson’s niece and daughter-in-law, respectively), Angelica Singleton Van Buren (Martin Van Buren’s daughter-in-law), and Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (Grover Cleveland’s sister), took on the https://mailchi.mp/lancasterhistory/surrogate-first-ladies-2019-pr?e=066ab04c57 1/3 3/21/2019 Scholar to discuss the "other women" of the White House at April free lecture duties of First Lady. -
The Sociocultural Context of Cleveland's Miss
THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT OF CLEVELAND’S MISS MITTLEBERGER SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, 1875-1908 SHARON MORRISON PINZONE Bachelor of Science in Journalism Ohio University June, 1969 Master of Arts in Secondary Education University of Akron May, 1980 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN URBAN EDUCATION at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY May, 2009 This dissertation has been approved for the Office of Doctoral Studies, College of Education and the College of Graduate Studies by James C. Carl, Chairperson 05/11/2009 Curriculum and Foundations Dwayne Wright, Member 05/11/2009 Curriculum and Foundations David Adams, Member 05/11/2009 Curriculum and Foundations Rosemary Sutton, Member 05/11/2009 Curriculum and Foundations Constance Hollinger, Member 05/11/2009 Psychology ©Copyright by Sharon Anne Morrison Pinzone 2009 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated To my parents, William and Regina Morrison and the long line of Irish family from which I come; To my children and my grandchildren; To my “Veronicas” Christine, Marnie, Betsy, Carrie Dale, and Marlene; And to the Crones for all their friendship ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank especially Dr. James C. Carl for serving as both chair and methodologist; and Dr. David Adams, Dr. Rosemary Sutton, Dr. Connie Hollinger, and Dr. Dwayne Wright for serving on my dissertation committee, all of whom served me so well as doctoral program teachers. I would also like to thank the librarians at the Western Historical Society in Cleveland, the Kelvin Smith Library at Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Public Library, especially the Archives Department, and the Cleveland State University Archives/Special Collections Department. -
Primer on the Electoral College
INSIDE PLUS Electoral College Primer Papers of Presidents Women On The Ballot Inauguration Events Presidential Podcasts LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2017 LOC.GOV JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2017 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE In This Issue Library of Congress Magazine FEATURES Vol. 7 No. 1: January/February 2017 Mission of the Library of Congress The Library’s central mission is to provide A Primer on the Electoral College Congress, and then the federal government, and 8 At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the founding fathers the American people with a rich, diverse, and devised a system to elect the president that was designed to be fair to enduring source of knowledge that can be relied all of the states, no matter how populous. upon to inform, inspire, and engage them, and support their intellectual and creative endeavors. Campaigning for President Library of Congress Magazine is issued 10 Presidential candidates have used the tools of popular culture to bimonthly by the Office of Communications promote their campaigns and capture the imagination of the public for of the Library of Congress and distributed free nearly 200 years. of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, donors, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in Women on the Ballot 8 Uncle Sam on the the United States. Research institutions and 16 American woman have sought the presidential nomination for more “Electoral College” campus educational organizations in other countries may than a century—even before they had the right to vote. arrange to receive Library of Congress Magazine on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library’s Director for Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access, 101 Independence Ave. -
Zoom in on America American First Ladies the Office of the First Lady Did Not Formally Exist Until the Presidency of Jimmy Carter in the 1970S
September 2014 A Monthly Publication of the U.S. Consulate Krakow Volume X. Issue 119 f i r s t l a d i e s Jacqueline Kennedy (AP Photo) In this issue: American First Ladies Zoom in on America American First Ladies The Office of the First Lady did not formally exist until the presidency of Jimmy Carter in the 1970s. First Ladies have, however, played a vital role since the founding of the United States. There have been 49 First Ladies in the history of the United States, and each has left an imprint on the presidency. With the passing of time, the role of the first Lady has risen in prominence. Along with women’s emancipation and the equal rights movement, the role of the First Lady also has changed significantly. Below is a list of the women who acted as First Ladies since 1789. Not all of the First Ladies were wives of the presidents. In a few cases, U.S. presidents were widowers when they took office or became widowers during office. In such cases a female relative played the role of First Lady. THE FIRST LADY YEARS OF TENURE Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (1731-1802), wife of George Washington 1789 - 1797 Abigail Smith Adams (1744 - 1818), wife of John Adams 1797 - 1801 Martha Jefferson Randolph (1772 - 1836), daughter of Thomas Jefferson 1801 - 1809 Dolley Payne Todd Madison (1768 - 1849), wife of James Madison 1809 - 1817 Elizabeth Kortright Monroe (1768 - 1830), wife of James Monroe 1817 - 1825 Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams (1775 - 1852), wife of John Quincy Adams 1825 - 1829 Emily Donelson (1807 - 1836), niece of Andrew Jackson 1829 - 1834 Sarah Jackson (1803 - 1887), daughter-in-law of Andrew Jackson 1834 - 1837 Angelica Van Buren (1818 - 1877), daughter-in-law of Martin Van Buren 1839 - 1841 Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison (1775 - 1864), wife of William Henry Harrison 1841 - 1841 Letitia Christian Tyler(1790 - 1842), wife of John Tyler 1841 - 1842 Priscilla Tyler (1816 - 1889), daughter-in-law of John Tyler 1842 - 1844 Julia Gardiner Tyler (1820 - 1889), wife of John Tyler 1844 -1845 Sarah Childress Polk (1803 - 1891), wife of James K. -
Preservation of the Hermitage, 1889-1915 : Annals, History, And
ITION OF \X.Jf THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA PRESENTED BY Durham County Public Library CB J13d5 UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00032195188 FOR USE ONLY IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION ,Vo, A -368 THF PRESERVATION OF THE HERMITAGE 18 8 9-1915 ANNALS, HISTORY, AND STORIES TKe Acquisition, Restoration, and Care of tKe Home of Gen- eral Andrew Jackson hy tKe Ladies' Hermitage Association for over a Quarter of a Century MRS. MARY C. DORRIS CopyrigKt, 1915 By Mrs. Mary C. Dorris Bo The Memory of MRS. MARY L BAXTER. Regent MRS. ALBERT S. MARKS, Acting Regent i MRS. J. BERRIEN LINDSLET. Regent <W» This Lttle Volume Is Affection- "^ ately De<jicate<i 5 a Ladies of the Hermitage Association: The home of Gen. Andrew Jackson has been in- trusted to your care and management by the Legislature of the great State of Tennessee. As long as you hold to this trust you are se- cure in your possession. See to it that no mod- ern enterprise breaks in upon the hallowed spot and changes it. Let no vandal hand desecrate it in the name of progress or commercialism. As the home of Gen. Andrew Jackson, in which he lived and died, future generations will desire to see it as it was when he lived and lingered there. Let there be one spot in all our State dedicated to patriotism. This is your trust, and upon you rests this duty. Mrs. Mary C. Dorris. (5) PREFACE. -
7 Rachel Donelson Jackson
First Ladies of America After Andrew Jackson won the presidency in Andrew Jackson, a new December 1828, his wife Rachel selected a attorney beginning his practice. white gown and white slippers to wear to his However, after later learning that inauguration. On Christmas Eve day, she was Robards had not divorced her until two instead buried in them at the Hermitage, the years after her marriage to Jackson, the Jacksons’ home in Nashville, Tenn. Seeming to couple realized that she was guilty of adultery under the have recovered from a heart attack that fall, Mrs. law. They immediately remarried to fix the legalities of Jackson died suddenly on Dec. 22. their situation, but it was an issue that plagued them for the remainder of their days. From the end of her life until the end of his own, a bitter Andrew Jackson blamed his political opponents for his Throughout their marriage, Mrs. Jackson supported her wife’s death. Trying to deny Jackson the White House, husband’s military and political careers, but she spent they had attacked Rachel Jackson relentlessly, accusing most of her time at the Hermitage. She accompanied her of adultery and savaging her character. A woman him on some political trips, and she was in Washington from a respected family who had grown deeply with him in 1824 when he lost the presidential religious, Mrs. Jackson had suffered a great election by the vote of the House of deal in the months before her death. After Representatives. her funeral, attended by 10,000 people Andrew from throughout the country—rich and Jackson’s When her husband won the election in poor, white and black—Andrew Jackson Administration 1828, Mrs.