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United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2008

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United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2008 United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2008 British Geological Survey United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2008 Statistical data to 2007 By T Bide, N E Idoine, T J Brown, P A J Lusty, and K Hitchen Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey 2009 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY © NERC 2009 All rights reserved The full range of Survey publications is available from the Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological BGS Sales Desk at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment see contact details below or shop online at Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that www.geologyshop.com commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the The London Information Office also maintains a reference BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without other publications; this catalogue is available from any prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the BGS Sales Desks. of the source of the extract. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological All communications regarding the content of this survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as publication should be addressed to the Head of Science, an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), Minerals and Waste, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its Nottingham NG12 5GG basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of ຜ 0115 936 3495 Fax 0115 936 3446 British technical aid in geology in developing countries as e-mail: [email protected] arranged by the Department for International Development and other agencies. Acknowledgements The compilers are grateful for help from the Office for The British Geological Survey is a component body of the National Statistics, the Department for Business Enterprise Natural Environment Research Council. and Regulatory Reform, the Department for Communities and Local Government, the Crown Estate Commissioners, British Geological Survey offices: The Crown Mineral Agent, the Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment and the Isle of Man Department of Trade and Industry. They would also like to Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG acknowledge the valuable assistance given by the World ຜ 0115 936 3100 Fax 0115 936 3200 Bureau of Metal Statistics, the UK Iron and Steel Statistics www.bgs.ac.uk Bureau, the Mineral Products Association, the Kaolin and Sales desk: ຜ 0115 936 3241 Ball Clay Association, the Valuation Office Agency, The Fax 0115 936 3488, e-mail: sales @bgs.ac.uk Coal Authority and the numerous companies that have gen- Online shop: www.geologyshop.com erously provided additional information. Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA The compilers would also like to thank their colleagues in ຜ 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 the British Geological Survey, in particular A J Hill, e-mail: [email protected] P Lappage, J E Thomas and J I Rayner. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Bibliographical reference London SW7 5BD ຜ 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 British Geological Survey. 2009. United Kingdom ຜ 020 7942 5344/45 Minerals Yearbook 2008. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British e-mail: [email protected] Geological Survey.) Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Cover photograph Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Stockpiles of silica sand at Kings Lynn quarry, Norfolk, ຜ 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 operated by Silbelco UK. BGS © NERC. Photographer: Clive Mitchell Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB ຜ 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff, CF15 7NE ຜ 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1EU ຜ 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 ISBN 978 0 85272 646 4 ii Preface Policy makers, regulators, industry and the wider public all require access to reliable information on the minerals industry in Britain. Such data are provided in our annual publication, United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook, which brings together data on minerals production, consumption and trade, and includes an authoritative commentary on current developments in the minerals industry. It is of value to all those interested in Britain’s minerals industry and its contribution to the national economy, and forms part of the long-term mining and quarrying record of the UK. As in 2007, minerals issues in the first half of 2008 were dominated by concerns regarding security of supply (particularly for energy minerals) and by rising prices as growth in China, India and other emerging economies continued to drive unprecedented demand for raw materials. However the situation changed dramatically in the second half of the year as the global economic downturn gathered pace. This had a marked effect on the UK minerals industry causing significant reductions in demand for aggregates and other raw materials, leading to site closures and job losses. Major casualties included the steel producer Corus, where 2500 people were made redundant, and the aggregates producer Ennstone plc went into receivership. In November 2008 the European Commission adopted the Communication ‘The raw materials initiative — meeting our critical needs for growth and jobs in Europe’. This is the first step in the development of a coherent policy for the secure supply of non-energy minerals to the EU. The aim is to develop an integrated strategy based on ensuring access to raw materials from international markets, fostering the sustainable supply of raw materials from European sources and reducing the EU’s consumption of primary raw materials. Following the adoption of this communication the Commission has set up two expert working groups on which BGS is represented: one is concerned with defining critical raw materials and the other with best practices in land use planning, permitting and sharing geological knowledge. Despite the recession, world coal prices remain relatively high. This has led to greater investment in UK operations resulting in increased numbers of new opencast sites commencing production and more planning applications for further opencast sites. UK Coal plc is also investigating the possibility of re-opening the Haworth colliery and has committed funding for infrastructure improvements at both the Thoresby and Kellingley collieries aimed at extending the lives of these mines and increasing their production rates. The economic downturn has led to generally reduced exploration and development activities for metalliferous minerals in the Britain, although In Northern Ireland a large proportion of the land area remains under licence for gold and base metal exploration. Preparatory work has continued at the Hemerdon tungsten-tin deposit in Devon and a scoping study has been carried out to determine the technical and economic viability of the Cononish gold deposit in central Scotland. I would like to thank colleagues in the Government Statistical Service who have collaborated so readily in providing the basic data included in this volume. In addition I would like to thank the many organisations, trade associations, companies and individuals who have generously supplied additional information. John N Ludden, PhD Executive Director British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham June 2009 iii Contents Page Page General tables: 47 Fireclay 48 Fluorspar 1 Minerals in the national economy (text) 49 Fuller’s earth 2 British Geological Survey (text) 50 Gas, natural (see Petroleum) 3 Trade in minerals and mineral-based products 50 Germanium compared with total trade 2001–2007 51 Gold 5 Balance of trade in minerals and mineral-based 53 Granite (see Igneous rock) products 2003–2007 53 Graphite 7 Approximate value of minerals produced in the UK 53 Gypsum 2000–2007 54 Hafnium 7 UK approximate value of minerals produced onshore 55 Igneous rock and offshore 2000–2007 57 Insulating materials 8 UK mining and quarrying: gross value added 57 Iodine 2000–2006 57 Iron compounds and earth colours 8 UK employment in the minerals industry 2007 58 Iron ore 9 UK production of minerals 2002–2008 58 Iron and steel 10 England production of minerals 2001–2007 59 Lead 11 Wales production of minerals 2001–2007 60 Limestone, dolomite and chalk 11 Scotland production of minerals 2001–2007 70 Lithium 12 Northern Ireland mineral production by county 2007 70 Magnesia 12 Minerals produced in Northern Ireland, the Isle of 71 Magnesium Man, Guernsey and Jersey 2003–2007 71 Manganese 12 UK mineral production by underground mining 72 Marble 2005–2008 72 Mercury 13 Area of land permitted for mineral working in England 72 Mica in 1994 and 2000 73 Molybdenum 13 Mineral bearing land royalty values 73 Nepheline-syenite 14 Number of mineral workings in the UK by commodity 74 Nickel 15 Abrasives, natural 74 Niobium and tantalum 15 Aggregates 75 Peat 22 Aluminium 75 Perlite 23 Aluminium compounds 75 Petroleum and natural gas 23 Antimony 86 Phosphorus 23 Arsenic 86 Platinum group metals 24 Asbestos 87 Potash 24 Asphalt, natural 88 Precious and semi-precious stones 24 Ball clay 88 Primary fuels 25 Barytes 90 Pumice 25 Bauxite 90 Pyrite 26 Bentonite (see also fuller’s earth) 91 Quartz and quartzite 26 Beryllium 91 Radioactive and
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