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United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2006 British Geological Survey

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United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2006 British Geological Survey United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2006 British Geological Survey United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2006 Statistical data to 2005 By L E Hetherington, T J Brown, P A J Lusty, K Hitchen and T B Colman Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey 2007 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY © NERC 2007 All rights reserved The full range of Survey publications is available from the Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological BGS Sales Desk at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment see contact details below or shop online at Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that www.geologyshop.com commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the The London Information Office also maintains a reference BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without other publications; this catalogue is available from any prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the BGS Sales Desks. of the source of the extract. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as All communications regarding the content of this an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), publication should be addressed to the Programme and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its Manager, Economic Minerals, British Geological Survey, basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG British technical aid in geology in developing countries as = 0115 936 3493 Fax 0115 936 3520 arranged by the Department for International Development e-mail: [email protected] and other agencies. Acknowledgements The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. The compilers are grateful for help from the Office for National Statistics, the Department of Trade and Industry, the Department for Communities and Local Government, the British Geological Survey offices: Crown Estate Commissioners, The Crown Mineral Agent, the Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG Investment, the States of Guernsey Advisory and Finance = 0115 936 3100 Fax 0115 936 3200 Committee and the Isle of Man Department of Trade and www.bgs.ac.uk Industry. They would also like to acknowledge the valuable Sales desk: = 0115 936 3241 assistance given by the World Bureau of Metal Statistics, the Fax 0115 936 3488, e-mail: sales @bgs.ac.uk UK Iron and Steel Statistics Bureau, the Quarry Products Online shop: www.geologyshop.com Association, the Kaolin and Ball Clay Association, the Valuation Office Agency, The Coal Authority and the numer- Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh ous companies that have generously provided additional EH9 3LA information. = 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 e-mail: [email protected] The compilers would also like to thank their colleagues in the British Geological Survey, in particular A J Hill, London Information Office at the Natural History P Lappage, J P Stevenson and J I Rayner. Museum (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2DE = 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Bibliographical reference = 020 7942 5344/45 British Geological Survey. 2007. United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected] Minerals Yearbook 2006. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.) Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton, Exeter EX2 7HU Cover photograph = 01392 445271 Fax 01392 445371 Mountsorrel Quarry, Leicestershire © Lafarge Aggregates Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Ltd (used with permission). Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF = 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 A new study of aggregate reserves in England, completed by the BGS in 2006, revealed that reserves in some regions are Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford declining quite dramatically, placing increasing demands on a OX10 8BB few, large, rail-linked quarries in the East Midlands and South = 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 West. In particular, sand and gravel reserves in the South East of England declined by 61 per cent between 1990 and 2004. Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Given the lack of indigenous hard rock suitable for aggregates Cardiff, CF15 7NE in the South East and increased demand expected due to = 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 the Olympics in 2012 and Thames Gateway projects, supply constraints such as capacity on the rail network could cause Parent Body potential problems in meeting future needs. Natural Environment Research Council, Printed in the United Kingdom for the British Geological Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire Survey by Halstan & Co Ltd, Amersham, Buckinghamshire SN2 1EU = 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 ISBN 978 0 85272 604 4 ii Preface Government, industry and the wider public require access to reliable sources of data on the minerals industry in Britain. Such data are provided in our annual publication, United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook, which brings together data on minerals production, consumption and trade, and includes an authoritative commentary on current developments in the minerals industry. It is of value to all those interested in Britain’s minerals industry and its contribution to the national economy, and forms part of the long-term mining and quarrying record of the UK. In 2006, UK minerals issues were dominated by concerns related to energy security. Between 1980 and 2004, a plentiful supply of North Sea petroleum ensured that the UK production of primary fuels exceeded consumption and security of energy supply received relatively little attention. However, the UK has been a net importer of coal since 1984, of gas from December 2004 and of oil in 2005, and reliance on imports is increasing. These changes are accompanied by growing concern about security of supply – a challenge now being addressed by the UK Government. The Government’s report on the Energy Review, The Energy Challenge, was published in July 2006 with recommendations aimed at meeting the two major long-term challenges in UK energy policy: addressing climate change by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and delivering energy at affordable prices as the UK becomes increasingly reliant on imported energy. Following consultation on a package of proposals, Meeting the Energy Challenge, a White Paper on Energy setting out Government strategy, was published in May 2007. A consultation document, The Future of Nuclear Power, was published at the same time. In March 2006, the EU adopted a green paper, A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy as part of the process to formulate a common energy policy for the EU. In 2006 there were other energy-related issues affecting the UK minerals industry: • The UK’s supply of electricity derived from gas and nuclear fell, while electricity imports rose by 11.8 per cent on 2005. • Demand for coal was at its highest level for ten years as the high price of gas and low carbon price in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme made it an attractive option for electricity generation. • Flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) capacity has been fitted, is planned or under construction at several coal-fired power stations. • Imerys Minerals Ltd., producers of about 85 per cent of UK china clay, announced that the company plans to reorganise its UK kaolin business with the transfer of some production to Brazil citing recent increases in energy costs in the UK as a major contributing factor. • Cavities in salt created by controlled solution mining can now be used for gas storage in order to ensure that the UK can meet its gas demand during periods of high energy use. A facility under construction at the Holford brinefield in Cheshire will have a capacity of 165 million cubic metres, equivalent to about half of the UK’s average daily gas demand, and other projects have been completed or are underway. The United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook is available to download from the MineralsUK Centre for Sustainable Minerals Development website, www.mineralsUK.com, which is hosted on the BGS website www.bgs.ac.uk. Numerous other mineral-related publications from BGS are also available for download. I would like to thank colleagues in the Government Statistical Service who have collaborated so readily in providing the basic data included in this volume. In addition I would like to thank the many organisations, trade associations, companies and individuals who have generously supplied additional information. John N Ludden, PhD Executive Director British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham May 2007 iii Contents Page Page General tables: 48 Fluorspar 49 Fuller’s earth 1 Minerals in the national economy (text) Gas, natural (see Petroleum) 2 British Geological Survey (text) 49 Germanium 3 Trade in minerals and mineral-based products 50 Gold compared with total trade 1999–2005 Granite (see Igneous rock) 5 Balance of trade in minerals and mineral-based 52 Graphite products 2001–2005 52 Gypsum 7 Approximate value of minerals produced in the UK 53 Hafnium 1998–2005 54 Igneous rock 8 UK mining and quarrying: gross value added 56 Insulating materials 1998–2005 56 Iodine 8 UK employment in the minerals industry 2005 56 Iron compounds and earth colours 9 UK production of minerals
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