DOCSLIB.ORG

In Search for Animal Models of Female Sexual Dysfunction Uitnodiging

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Search for Animal Models of Female Sexual Dysfunction Uitnodiging In search for animal models of female sexual dysfunction Snoeren Eelke Uitnodiging In search for animal models of Voor het bijwonen van de openbare verdediging female sexual dysfunction van mijn proefschrift Woensdag 1 december 2010 om 16:15 uur in de senaatzaal van het Academiegebouw Domplein 29 te Utrecht Na afl oop van de promotie is er een receptie in het Academiegebouw Eelke Snoeren Faustdreef 365 3561 LL Utrecht 06-19006960 [email protected] Paranimfen Paul Adriaansen Eelke Snoeren Ruud Disco Omslag_Snoeren1.indd 1 19-10-10 11:13 In search for animal models of female sexual dysfunction In search for animal models of female sexual dysfunction Snoeren, Eelke Mirthe Simone Thesis, Utrecht University, with a summary in Dutch Lay-out R. Heijkoop Cover art A.J.M. Snoeren Cover design Ridderprint Printed by Ridderprint ISBN: 978-90-5335-342-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or informationstorage and retrieval) without the prior written permission of the author. ©2010, Eelke Snoeren, Utrecht, the Netherlands In search for animal models of female sexual dysfunction Op zoek naar diermodellen voor vrouwelijke seksuele disfunctie (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. J.C. Stoof, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 1 december 2010 des middags te 4.15 uur door Eelke Mirthe Simone Snoeren geboren op 24 juli 1983 te Oirschot Promotoren: Prof.dr. B. Olivier Prof.dr. M.D. Waldinger Copromotor: Dr. R.S. Oosting Dit proefschrift werd (mede) mogelijk gemaakt met financiële steun van: Emotional Brain BV Turing Institute Almere Table of Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 9 Chapter 2 Serotonin 1A receptors, ligands and sexual 15 behavior: a review Chapter 3 A new female rat animal model for hypoactive 51 sexual desire disorder; behavioral and pharmacological evidence Chapter 4 Combination of testosterone and vardenafil 71 increases female sexual functioning in sub-primed rats Chapter 5 Serotonin transporter null mutation and 89 sexual behavior in female rats: 5-HT1A receptor desensitization Chapter 6 Chronic paroxetine treatment does not affect 107 sexual behavior in hormonally sub-primed female rats despite 5-HT1A receptor desensitization Chapter 7 General discussion 125 Chapter 8 Samenvatting in het Nederlands 137 List of abbreviations Dankwoord About the author List of publications General introduction 1 Eelke Snoeren Chapter 1 Introduction This thesis focuses on the development of an animal model for female sexual dys- function (FSD). FSD is a disorder that affects between 33-48% of the population in the USA and in Europe.1-3 According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV),4 FSD can be divided in four main categories: low sexual desire, low arousal, orgasmic disorders, and sexual pain. Each is defined as “persistent or recurrent” and causes “marked distress or interpersonal difficulty”. The majority of sexual dysfunction surveys identify low sexual desire/interest and sexual arousal disorder as the most common problems in women.5, 6 These sexual disturbances can have multiple causes, like low hormonal levels,7, 8 different disea- ses (anxiety, depression), but also medication. Antidepressants (SSRIs), for instance, can cause sexual dysfunctions in men and women.9-11 Although a large population of women suffers from FSD, the disorder is not well studied, in particular in compari- son with male sexual dysfunction. Research with patients can have ethical and practical limitations, and therefore, animal models are required for neuromolecular, neuroanatomical and psycho- pharmacological research into female sexual behavior and its pathology. Method Throughout this thesis female sexual behavior was measured in a paced mating set- up. The test was performed in a cage with two compartments divided by a sheet 10 with three little holes (4 cm diameter). One compartment was empty and one room contained a sexually active male rat. The female could choose between the com- partments because of her smaller size than the male. The most important factor in this paced mating sex test is the possibility of the female rat to control her sexual behavior. In female sexual behavior research, it is important to use a paced mating set up, because non-paced mating is not rewarding.12, 13 As soon as the female is able to pace her interactions, conditioned place preference is shown.12 What the exact component of paced mating is that is rewarding is unclear. By creating the right environment for a female rat to have rewarding sexual experiences, the outcome of sex experiments will not be influenced anymore by aversive environmental cues, and thus it enables the measurement of the real fe- male’s sexual functioning. Aim of the thesis The goal of this thesis was the development of animal models of FSD. Pharmaco- logical studies were necessary to test the developed animal models for their usefulness in future research. In chapter 2, a review about the existing literature regarding the role of 5-HT1A receptors in sexual behavior is presented. The 5-HT1A receptor was chosen as central topic for this review because of its important role in the regulation of sexual beha- vior. Both, human and animal studies are discussed here to give a broad overview of male and female sexual behavior. General introduction In chapter 3, we have investigated whether stable differences (endophenotypes) in sexual behavior exist between individual female rats. Female rats with low sexual behavior may model women suffering from hyposexual desire or arousal disorders. In the same chapter, the effects of some drugs acting on the 5-HT system or the dopaminergic system are presented. In chapter 4, we used hormonally sub-primed rats as a model for FSD. Female rats were ovariectomized and manually primed with estradiol to develop a rat with lower levels of sexual functioning. To validate this model, the effects of testosterone and vardenafil (PDE-5 inhibitor) alone and in combination were tested. Chronic SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are used for the treatment of depression and their use may affect sexual functioning in women. However it is unclear whether the sexual complaint under SSRI users is the result of the drug use or one of the symptoms of depression. In chapter 5, we used the serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout rats to investigate the importance of the SERT in the female sexual behavior. Furthermore, we studied the function of 5-HT1A receptors in these females. Surprisingly, there was no effect of the absence of SERTs on sexual activity in female rats. Maybe, there are adaptive changes in these animals, such as desensitization of the 5-HT1A receptors, that prevents the development of sexual dysfunctions. Therefore, we tested, in chapter 6, the effects of chronic paroxetine (SSRI) treat- ment in ovariectomized female rats. We used both sub-primed and fully-primed females and injected the paroxetine for in total 56 days. After this period of chronic injections, we also screened the females for 5-HT1A receptor desensitization. 11 In the last part, chapter 7, all preceding chapters are summarized, integrated and discussed. Also the perspectives for future research are presented. Chapter 1 References 1. Bancroft J, Loftus J, Long JS. Distress about sex: a national survey of women in heterosexual relationships. Arch Sex Behav. 2003 Jun;32(3):193-208. 2. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: preva- lence and predictors. Jama. 1999 Feb 10;281(6):537-44. 3. Dunn KM, Croft PR, Hackett GI. Sexual problems: a study of the prevalen- ce and need for health care in the general population. Fam Pract. 1998 Dec; 15(6):519-24. 4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-TR. American Psychiatric Association. 2000:493-522. 5. Brotto LA, Bitzer J, Laan E, Leiblum S, Luria M. Women’s sexual desire and arousal disorders. J Sex Med. 2010 Jan;7(1 Pt 2):586-614. 6. Frank E, Anderson C, Rubinstein D. Frequency of sexual dysfunction in “normal” couples. N Engl J Med. 1978 Jul 20;299(3):111-5. 7. Vermeulen A. The hormonal activity of the postmenopausal ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976 Feb;42(2):247-53. 8. Berman JR, Bassuk J. Physiology and pathophysiology of female sexual function and dysfunction. World J Urol. 2002 Jun;20(2):111-8. 9. Clayton AH, Pradko JF, Croft HA, Montano CB, Leadbetter RA, Bolden-Watson C, et al. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among newer anti- 12 depressants. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;63(4):357-66. 10. Montejo AL, Llorca G, Izquierdo JA, Rico-Villademoros F. Incidence of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant agents: a prospective multicenter study of 1022 outpatients. Spanish Working Group for the Study of Psycho- tropic- Related Sexual Dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 3:10-21. 11. Rosen RC, Lane RM, Menza M. Effects of SSRIs on sexual function: a critical review. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Feb;19(1):67-85. 12. Paredes RG, Alonso A. Sexual behavior regulated (paced) by the female induces conditioned place preference. Behav Neurosci. 1997 Feb;111(1):123-8. 13. Martinez I, Paredes RG. Only self-paced mating is rewarding in rats of both sexes. Horm Behav. 2001 Dec;40(4):510-7. Serotonin 1A receptors and sexual behavior: a review 2 Eelke Snoeren Johnny Chan Jan Veening Marcel Waldinger Berend Olivier Ronald Oosting Chapter 2 16 Abstract Serotonin plays an important role in both male and female sexual behavior. Many studies are performed on the role of 5-HT1A receptors in sexual behavior.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pindolol of the Activation of Postsynaptic 5-HT1A Receptors
    Potentiation by (-)Pindolol of the Activation of Postsynaptic 5-HT1A Receptors Induced by Venlafaxine Jean-Claude Béïque, Ph.D., Pierre Blier, M.D., Ph.D., Claude de Montigny, M.D., Ph.D., and Guy Debonnel, M.D. The increase of extracellular 5-HT in brain terminal regions antagonist WAY 100635 (100 ␮g/kg, i.v.). A short-term produced by the acute administration of 5-HT reuptake treatment with VLX (20 mg/kg/day ϫ 2 days) resulted in a inhibitors (SSRI’s) is hampered by the activation of ca. 90% suppression of the firing activity of 5-HT neurons somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the raphe nuclei. in the dorsal raphe nucleus. This was prevented by the The present in vivo electrophysiological studies were coadministration of (-)pindolol (15 mg/kg/day ϫ 2 days). undertaken, in the rat, to assess the effects of the Taken together, these results indicate that (-)pindolol coadministration of venlafaxine, a dual 5-HT/NE reuptake potentiated the activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors inhibitor, and (-)pindolol on pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A resulting from 5-HT reuptake inhibition probably by receptor function. The acute administration of venlafaxine blocking the somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptor, but not and of the SSRI paroxetine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) induced a its postsynaptic congener. These results support and extend suppression of the firing activity of dorsal hippocampus CA3 previous findings providing a biological substratum for the pyramidal neurons. This effect of venlafaxine was markedly efficacy of pindolol as an accelerating strategy in major potentiated by a pretreatment with (-)pindolol (15 mg/kg, depression.
    [Show full text]
  • ZHONG-THESIS-2016.Pdf
    ANTIDEPRESSANTMINING AZ AMAZ DESIGNING A WEBBASED ALGORITHM AND VISUAL LANGUAGE FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG SELECTION TO EDUCATE PRIMARY CARE PRACTITIONERS By Amy Zhong A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Baltimore, Maryland March, 2016 © 2016 Amy Zhong All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Depression is a common mental disorder that affects approximately 14.8 million American adults each year. In addition to being a debilitating condition, depression often occurs in tandem with other medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. While psychiatric professionals are essential for the management of mental health, majority of patients seek care from their primary care practitioners. This phenomenon is of great concern because diagnosis of depression within primary care settings has only been accurate 25-50% of the time. The antidepressant drug selection algorithm utilizes a unique formula to integrate patient and family medical histories, patient symptoms, and patient preferences to make optimal treatment selections. The development of a visual language explores the use of graphic elements to improve understanding of major pharmacological mechanisms, knowledge essential to making rational DQWLGHSUHVVDQWGUXJVHOHFWLRQV,QFUHDWLQJWKLVPRELOHZHEEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQZHKRSHWR¿OOD void in resources available to primary care practitioners, and improve management of mental health within the primary care setting. By Amy Zhong Chairpersons of the Supervisory Committee Adam I. Kaplin, M.D., Ph.D., esis Preceptor Assistant Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology e Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Kristen Rahn Hollinger, Ph.D., esis Preceptor Instructor, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology e Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Jennifer E.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies for Managing Sexual Dysfunction Induced by Antidepressant Medication
    King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003382.pub3 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Taylor, M. J., Rudkin, L., Bullemor-Day, P., Lubin, J., Chukwujekwu, C., & Hawton, K. (2013). Strategies for managing sexual dysfunction induced by antidepressant medication. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003382.pub3 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • M2021: Pharmacogenetic Testing
    Pharmacogenetic Testing Policy Number: AHS – M2021 – Pharmacogenetic Prior Policy Name and Number, as applicable: Testing • M2021 – Cytochrome P450 Initial Presentation Date: 06/16/2021 Revision Date: N/A I. Policy Description Pharmacogenetics is defined as the study of variability in drug response due to heredity (Nebert, 1999). Cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes are a class of enzymes essential in the synthesis and breakdown metabolism of various molecules and chemicals. Found primarily in the liver, these enzymes are also essential for the metabolism of many medications. CYP P450 are essential to produce many biochemical building blocks, such as cholesterol, fatty acids, and bile acids. Additional cytochrome P450 are involved in the metabolism of drugs, carcinogens, and internal substances, such as toxins formed within cells. Mutations in CYP P450 genes can result in the inability to properly metabolize medications and other substances, leading to increased levels of toxic substances in the body. Approximately 58 CYP genes are in humans (Bains, 2013; Tantisira & Weiss, 2019). Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that methylates azathioprine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine into active thioguanine nucleotide metabolites. Azathioprine and mercaptopurine are used for treatment of nonmalignant immunologic disorders; mercaptopurine is used for treatment of lymphoid malignancies; and thioguanine is used for treatment of myeloid leukemias (Relling et al., 2011). Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), encoded by the gene DPYD, is a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for fluoropyrimidine catabolism. The fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil and capecitabine) are drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors, such as colorectal, breast, and aerodigestive tract tumors (Amstutz et al., 2018). A variety of cell surface proteins, such as antigen-presenting molecules and other proteins, are encoded by the human leukocyte antigen genes (HLAs).
    [Show full text]
  • Flibanserin (Addyi)
    STEPS New Drug Reviews Flibanserin (Addyi) for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women HARRY HOLT, MD, and JEFFREY TINGEN, PharmD, MBA, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia STEPS new drug reviews Flibanserin (Addyi) is labeled for the treatment of acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual cover Safety, Tolerability, desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. It is a nonhormonal medication that Effectiveness, Price, and 1 Simplicity. Each indepen- affects serotonin receptors to increase libido. dent review is provided by authors who have no financial association with Drug Dosage Dose form Cost* the drug manufacturer. Flibanserin (Addyi) 100 mg per day at bedtime 100-mg tablet $830 This series is coordinated by Allen F. Shaughnessy, *—Estimated retail price of one month’s treatment based on information obtained at http://www.goodrx.com PharmD, MMedEd, (accessed April 1, 2016). Contributing Editor. A collection of STEPS pub- lished in AFP is available at http://www.aafp.org/ SAFETY EFFECTIVENESS afp/steps. The main risks of flibanserin are hypoten- Flibanserin has been evaluated in three ran- sion (2%) and syncope (0.4%), which are domized, double-blind, placebo-controlled more likely to occur in patients who have studies of 2,375 premenopausal women also ingested alcohol. For this reason, women with acquired, generalized HSDD, defined should not drink alcohol when taking fliban- as low sexual desire causing marked dis- serin; about one in six persons taking this tress or interpersonal difficulties.2 Women combination will experience clinically signif- in monogamous, heterosexual relationships icant hypotension and syncope.1 Flibanserin with no known cause of HSDD reported should not be taken by women with hepatic an average increase of 1.6 to 2.5 additional impairment or women who are also taking satisfying sexual events per month with treat- moderate or strong cytochrome P450 3A4 ment, from a baseline of 2.5 to 3.0 per month.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Effects of Nitric Oxide the Relation to Migraine ISBN 90-9009713-9 NUGI 7411746
    Vascular effects of nitric oxide the relation to migraine ISBN 90-9009713-9 NUGI 7411746 Printing by: WRidderprint Offsetdrnkkerij b.v., Ridderkerk, The Netherlands © E.M. van Gelderen 1996 All rights reserved. Save exceptions by the law, no patt of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or othenvise, including a complete or pattial transcription, without the prior written permission of the author, or where appropriate, of the publishers of the atticles. Vascular Effects of Nitric Oxide The Relation to Migraine De vasculaire effecten van stikstof oxide de relatie met migraine Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr. P.W.C. AKKERMANS MA en volgens het besluit van het College van Promoties De openbare verdediging zal plaats vinden op woensdag 18 september 1996 om 11.45 uur door Eduard Marcel van Gelderen geboren te Rotterdam Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. Dr. P.R. Saxena Overige leden: Prof. Dr. AJ. Man in 't Veld Prof. Dr. F.P. Nijkamp Prof. Dr. P.D. Verdouw Prof. Dr. P.A. van Zwieten Dr. M.D. Ferrari Dr. P.l Koudstaal This thesis was prepared at the Department of Pharmacology of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O.Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Tel' nagedachtenis aan mijn vader Vaal' Saskia, Kimberley en Felix Table of contents page Chapter 1. General introduction 11 1.1 Pathophysiology of migraine 1.2 Local regulation of vascular tone; endothelium-derived factors 1.3 Aims of the thesis Chapter 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Dosing and Monitoring: Children and Adolescents
    Dosing and Monitoring: Children and Adolescents Glenn S. Hirsch, MD Keith S. Ditkowski, MD Child & Adolescent Dosing.indd 1 08-01-2018 14:56:52 Adapted from Child & Adolescent Dosing.indd 76 08-01-2018 14:56:50 DISCLAIMER This pocket reference is provided as a service to medicine by the publisher, Medworks Media Inc. This review does not imply the publisher’s agreement with the views expressed herein. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publisher, nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of information contained herein. Readers are strongly urged to consult any relevant primary literature. No claims or endorsements are made for any drug or compound currently under clinical investigation. In an effort to allow for the widest distribution of these guidelines, the authors have modified the originally printed material to more closely conform to the limitations of product labeling. For many of the drugs discussed herein, initiation at lower doses may increase tolerability and efficacy. Copyright ©2018, MedWorks Media Inc., 2205 Rockefeller Lane, Redondo Beach, CA 90278. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction, in whole or in part, in any form. Child & Adolescent Dosing.indd 2 08-01-2018 14:56:52 Dosing and Monitoring: Children and Adolescents Glenn S. Hirsch, MD Keith S. Ditkowski, MD Dr. Hirsch is the deputy director of the New York University Child Study Center, the medical director in the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the assistant professor of psychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • (Flibanserin) (Flibanserin) Tablets
    ™ MEDICATION GUIDE addyi ADDYI™ (add-ee) (flibanserin) (flibanserin) Tablets Read this Medication Guide before you start taking ADDYI™ and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your doctor. What is the most important information I should know about ADDYI? Your risk of severe low blood pressure and fainting (loss of consciousness) is increased if you take ADDYI and: • drink alcohol. Do not drink alcohol if you take ADDYI. • take certain prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, or herbal supplements. Do not take or start taking any prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, or herbal supplements while taking ADDYI until you have talked with your doctor. Your doctor will tell you if it is safe to take other medicines or herbal supplements while you are taking ADDYI. • have liver problems. Do not take ADDYI if you have liver problems. If you take ADDYI and you feel lightheaded or dizzy, lie down right away. Get emergency medical help or ask someone to get emergency medical help for you if the symptoms do not go away or if you faint (lose consciousness). If you faint (lose consciousness), tell your doctor as soon as you can. ADDYI is only available through the ADDYI Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program because of the increased risk of severe low blood pressure and fainting (loss of consciousness) with alcohol use. You can only get ADDYI from pharmacies that are enrolled in the ADDYI REMS Program. For more information about the Program and a list of pharmacies that are enrolled in the ADDYI REMS Program, go to www.AddyiREMS.com or call 1-844-PINK-PILL (1-844- 746-5745).
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,776,345 B2 Dudhara Et Al
    USOO7776345B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,776,345 B2 Dudhara et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 17, 2010 (54) GASTRIC RETENTION CONTROLLED DRUG 4,996,058 A 2f1991 Sinnreich DELIVERY SYSTEM 5,091, 184 A 2, 1992 Khanna ...................... 424/435 5,096,714 A 3, 1992 Kuhrts (75) Inventors: Kamlesh Mohanlal Dudhara, Baroda 5,651,985 A 7/1997 Penners et al. 5,654,005 A * 8/1997 Chen et al. .................. 424/480 (IN); Nitin Bhalachandra 6,261,601 B1* 7/2001 Talwar et al. ... ... 424/469 Dharmadhikari, Mumbai (IN); Vaishali 6,340.475 B2 * 1/2002 Shell et al. .................. 424/469 Vijay Dhavse, Mumbai (IN) 6,960,356 B1 1 1/2005 Talwar et al. 7,109,239 B2 * 9/2006 Gallop et al. ............... 514,533 (73) Assignee: Sun Pharma Advanced Research 2007/0265343 A1 11/2007 Dharmadhikari et al. Company Ltd, Andheri (East) (IN) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this EP 1095650 5, 2001 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 JP 630.14715 1, 1988 U.S.C. 154(b) by 1759 days. WO WO 98.51408 11, 1998 WO 99.47 128 A1 9, 1999 (21) Appl. No.: 10/482,770 WO OO15198 A1 3, 2000 WO WOOOf 15198 3, 2000 (22) PCT Filed: Jul. 4, 2002 WO WOOO, 23045 4/2000 WO WOOO,386.50 * 7/2OOO (86). PCT No.: PCT/NO2AOO144 WO 01/08670 A2 2, 2001 WO WO 01/10417 A1 2, 2001 S371 (c)(1), WO WO 01/10419 A1 2, 2001 (2), (4) Date: Dec.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9
    [Show full text]
  • The 5-HT1-Like Receptors Mediating Inhibition of Sympathetic Vasopressor Out¯Ow in the Pithed Rat: Operational Correlation with the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D Subtypes
    British Journal of Pharmacology (1998) 124, 1001 ± 1011 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0007 ± 1188/98 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/bjp The 5-HT1-like receptors mediating inhibition of sympathetic vasopressor out¯ow in the pithed rat: operational correlation with the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D subtypes 1,3Carlos M. Villalo n, 1David Centurio n, 1Gonzalo Rabelo, 2Peter de Vries, 2Pramod R. Saxena & 1Araceli Sa nchez-Lo pez 1Seccio n de Terape utica Experimental, Departamento de Farmacologõ a y Toxicologõ a, CINVESTAV, I.P.N., Apdo. Postal 22026, 14000 Me xico D.F., Me xico and 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands 1 It has been suggested that the inhibition of sympathetically-induced vasopressor responses produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in pithed rats is mediated by 5-HT1-like receptors. The present study has re-analysed this suggestion with regard to the classi®cation schemes recently proposed by the NC- IUPHAR subcommittee on 5-HT receptors. 2 Intravenous (i.v.) continuous infusions of 5-HT and the 5-HT1 receptor agonists, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A), indorenate (5-HT1A), CP 93,129 (5-HT1B) and sumatriptan (5-HT1B/1D), resulted in a dose- dependent inhibition of sympathetically-induced vasopressor responses. 3 The sympatho-inhibitory responses induced by 5-HT, 8-OH-DPAT, indorenate, CP 93,129 or sumatriptan were analysed before and after i.v. treatment with blocking doses of the putative 5-HT receptor antagonists, WAY 100635 (5-HT1A), cyanopindolol (5-HT1A/1B) or GR 127935 (5-HT1B/1D).
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions with HBV Treatment
    www.hep-druginteractions.org Interactions with HBV Treatment Charts revised September 2021. Full information available at www.hep-druginteractions.org Page 1 of 6 Please note that if a drug is not listed it cannot automatically be assumed it is safe to coadminister. ADV, Adefovir; ETV, Entecavir; LAM, Lamivudine; PEG IFN, Peginterferon; RBV, Ribavirin; TBV, Telbivudine; TAF, Tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, Tenofovir-DF. ADV ETV LAM PEG PEG RBV TBV TAF TDF ADV ETV LAM PEG PEG RBV TBV TAF TDF IFN IFN IFN IFN alfa-2a alfa-2b alfa-2a alfa-2b Anaesthetics & Muscle Relaxants Antibacterials (continued) Bupivacaine ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Cloxacillin ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Cisatracurium ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Dapsone ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Isoflurane ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Delamanid ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Ketamine ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Ertapenem ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Nitrous oxide ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Erythromycin ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Propofol ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Ethambutol ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Thiopental ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Flucloxacillin ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Tizanidine ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Gentamicin ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Analgesics Imipenem ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Aceclofenac ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Isoniazid ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Alfentanil ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Levofloxacin ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Aspirin ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Linezolid ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Buprenorphine ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Lymecycline ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Celecoxib ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Meropenem ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Codeine ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ for distribution. for Methenamine ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Dexketoprofen ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Metronidazole ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Dextropropoxyphene ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Moxifloxacin ◆ ◆ ◆
    [Show full text]