DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530 Phone, 202–514–2000. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/.

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL JANET RENO Chief of Staff ANN M. HARKINS Deputy Chief of Staff WIFREDO FERRER Confidential Assistant to the Attorney BESSIE L. MEADOWS General Assistants to the Attorney General CANDACE KELLY, CHERYL L. MONTGOMERY Counsels to the Attorney General LISA O. MONACO, THOMAS J. PERRELLI, E. KINNEY ZALESNE Deputy Attorney General ERIC H. HOLDER, JR. Confidential Assistant ANNIE BRADLEY Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General GARY G. GRINDLER Chief of Staff KEVIN A. OHLSON Associate Deputy Attorneys General JAMES E. CASTELLO, BERNIE J. DELIA,N ICHOLAS M. GESS, CRAIG S. ISCOE, BRIAN A. JACKSON,R ONALD D. LEE, JOHN T. MORTON, ANTHONY S. MURRY,D EBORAH S. SMOLOVER, BEA WITZLEBEN Counsel to the Deputy Attorney General JOHN BENTIVOGLIO Special Assistants to the Deputy Attorney ALLYSON S. STOLLENWERCK,C General HRISTOPHER P. TENORIO Adviser for National Security Affairs to the NEAL KUMAR KATYAL Deputy Attorney General Director, Executive Office for National RONALD D. LEE, Acting Security Counsel for National Affairs JAMES A. MCATAMNEY Associate Attorney General RAYMOND C. FISHER Confidential Assistant JAYNE SCHREIBER Deputy Associate Attorneys General KENNETH CHERNOF, IVAN FONG,M ARY LOU LEARY, DOUGLAS LETTER, RICKI SEIDMAN Assistant Associate Attorney General ALEXANDRA VERVEER Senior Counsel, Office of Alternative Dispute PETER R. STEENLAND, JR. Resolution Solicitor General SETH P. WAXMAN Inspector General MICHAEL BROMWICH Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal RANDOLPH MOSS, Acting Counsel Assistant Attorney General, Office of DENNIS K. BURKE, Acting Legislative Affairs Assistant Attorney General, Office of Policy ELEANOR D. ACHESON Development Assistant Attorney General for Administration STEPHEN R. COLGATE 322

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00322 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 323

Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division JOEL I. KLEIN Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division DAVID O. OGDEN, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights BILL LANN LEE, Acting Division Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division JAMES K. ROBINSON Assistant Attorney General, Environment and LOIS J. SCHIFFER Natural Resources Division Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division LORETTA C. ARGRETT Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice LAURIE ROBINSON Programs Director, Office of Public Affairs MYRON MARLIN Directors, Office of Information and Privacy RICHARD L. HUFF, DANIEL J. METCALFE Director, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (VACANCY) Director, Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys DONNA BUCELLA Director, Bureau of Prisons KATHLEEN M. HAWK SAWYER Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation LOUIS J. FREEH Director, United States Marshals Service EDUARDO GONZALEZ Director, Executive Office for Immigration KEVIN ROONEY Review Director, Executive Office for United States JOSEPH PATCHAN Trustees Director, Community Relations Service ROSE OCHI Director, Community Oriented Policing JOSEPH BRANN Services Administrator, Drug Enforcement THOMAS A. CONSTANTINE Administration Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization DORIS MEISSNER Service Chairman, United States Parole Commission MICHAEL J. GAINES Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement DAVID BRADLEY, Acting Commission Chief, INTERPOL–U.S. National Central JOHN IMHOFF Bureau Counsel, Office of Intelligence Policy and FRANCES FRAGOS TOWNSEND Review Counsel, Office of Professional Responsibility MARSHALL JARRETT Pardon Attorney ROGER C. ADAMS [For the Department of Justice statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 28, Chapter I, Part 0]

As the largest law firm in the Nation, the Department of Justice serves as counsel for its citizens. It represents them in enforcing the law in the public interest. Through its thousands of lawyers, investigators, and agents, the Department plays the key role in protection against criminals and subversion, in ensuring healthy competition of business in our free enterprise system, in safeguarding the consumer, and in enforcing drug, immigration, and naturalization laws. The Department also plays a significant role in protecting citizens through its efforts for effective law enforcement, crime prevention, crime detection, and prosecution and rehabilitation of offenders. Moreover, the Department conducts all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States is concerned. It represents the Government in legal matters generally, rendering legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and to the heads of the executive departments. The Attorney General supervises and directs these activities, as well as those of the U.S. attorneys and U.S. marshals in the various judicial districts around the country.

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00323 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 324 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00324 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 325

The Department of Justice was created under authority of act of established by act of June 22, 1870, as September 24, 1789, as amended (28 amended (28 U.S.C. 501, 503, 509 U.S.C. 503). note), with the Attorney General as its The affairs and activities of the head. Prior to 1870 the Attorney General Department of Justice are generally was a member of the President’s directed by the Attorney General. The Cabinet, but not the head of a offices, divisions, bureaus, and boards of department, the office having been the Department follow.

Offices

Attorney General The Attorney Office drafts legal opinions of the General, as head of the Department of Attorney General rendered in response Justice and chief law enforcement officer to requests from the President and heads of the Federal Government, represents of the executive departments. It also the United States in legal matters provides its own written opinions and generally and gives advice and opinions informal advice in response to requests to the President and to the heads of the from the various agencies of the executive departments of the Government, as well as offices within Government when so requested. The the Department and from Presidential Attorney General appears in person to staff and advisers, typically dealing with represent the Government before the legal issues involving agency U.S. Supreme Court in cases of disagreements or with pending exceptional gravity or importance. The legislation. The Office also is responsible Office of the Attorney General oversees for providing legal advice to the the Offices of Deputy Attorney General, executive branch on all constitutional Associate Attorneys General, Legal questions. Counsel, and Inspector General, as well All Executive orders and as the following offices whose public proclamations proposed to be issued by purposes are widely applied. the President are reviewed by the Office Solicitor General The Solicitor General of Legal Counsel for form and legality, as represents the U.S. Government in cases are various other matters that require the before the Supreme Court. He decides President’s formal approval. In addition, what cases the Government should ask the Office of Legal Counsel functions as the Supreme Court to review and what general counsel for the Department. It position the Government should take in reviews all proposed orders of the cases before the Court. Also, he Attorney General and all regulations supervises the preparation of the requiring the Attorney General’s Government’s Supreme Court briefs and approval. other legal documents and the conduct The Office coordinates the work of the of the oral arguments in the Court. He or Department with respect to treaties, his staff argue most of the Government’s executive agreements, and international cases in the Supreme Court. The organizations. It performs a variety of Solicitor General’s duties also include special assignments referred by the deciding whether the United States Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney should appeal in all cases it loses before General. However, it is not authorized to the lower courts. give legal advice to private persons. Legal Counsel The Assistant Attorney Information and Privacy The Office of General in charge of the Office of Legal Information and Privacy (OIP) operates Counsel assists the Attorney General in under the supervision of a Director, who fulfilling the Attorney General’s function manages the Department’s as legal adviser to the President and all responsibilities related to the Freedom of the executive branch agencies. The Information Act (FOIA) and the Privacy

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00325 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 326 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Act. These responsibilities include and reduce community tensions arising coordinating policy development and from actions, policies, and practices compliance Governmentwide for FOIA, perceived to be discriminatory on the and by the Department for the Privacy basis of race, color, or national origin. Act; and adjudicating all appeals from The Service offers assistance to denials by any Department component communities in resolving disputes of access to information under those relating to race, color, or national origin acts. OIP also processes all initial and facilitates the development of viable requests under those acts for access to agreements as alternatives to coercion, the records of the Offices of the Attorney violence, or litigation. It also assists and General, Deputy Attorney General, supports communities in developing Associate Attorney General, and other local mechanisms as proactive measures senior management offices of the to prevent or reduce racial/ethnic Department. tensions. Pardon Attorney The Office of the The services provided include Pardon Attorney, in consultation with the conciliation, mediation, technical Attorney General or the Attorney assistance, and training, and involve General’s designee, assists the President specialized procedures for preventing in the exercise of his pardon power and resolving racial and ethnic conflicts. under Article II, section 2, of the The Service provides assistance directly Constitution. Generally, all requests for to people and their communities. It pardon or other forms of executive shows no partiality among disputing clemency, including commutation of parties and, in promoting the principles sentence, are directed to the Pardon and ideals of nondiscrimination, applies Attorney for investigation and review. The Pardon Attorney prepares the skills that allow parties to mediate their Department’s recommendation to the own disputes. The Service’s conciliators, President for final disposition of each who are located in 10 regional offices application. and 4 field offices around the country, Community Relations Service The assist people of diverse racial and Service was created by title X of the cultural backgrounds. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. The Service offers its assistance either 2000g et seq.). The Community on its own motion, when in its judgment Relations Service is under the general peaceful relations among the citizens of authority of the Attorney General and is a community are threatened, or upon headed by a Director, appointed by the request of State or local officials or other President with the advice and consent of interested persons. The Service seeks the the Senate. cooperation of appropriate State and The mission of the Service is to local, and public and private agencies in prevent and resolve community conflicts carrying out the agency’s mission. Regional OfficesÐCommunity Relations Service

Address Director Phone/FTS

Boston, MA (99 Summer St., 02110) ...... Martin A. Walsh ...... 617±424±5715 New York, NY (26 Federal Plz., 10278) ...... Patricia Glenn ...... 212±264±0700 Philadelphia, PA (2d and Chestnut Sts., 19106) ...... Henry Mitchum, Acting ...... 215±597±2344 Atlanta, GA (75 Piedmont Ave. NE., 30303) ...... Ozell Sutton ...... 404±331±6883 Chicago, IL (55 W. Monroe St., 60603) ...... Jesse Taylor ...... 312±353±4391 Dallas, TX (1420 W. Mockingbird Ln., 75247) ...... Richard Sombrano, Acting ...... 214±655±8175 Kansas City, MO (323 W. 8th St., 64105) ...... Atkins Warren ...... 816±426±7434 Denver, CO (1244 Speer Blvd., 80204±3584) ...... Silke Hansen, Acting ...... 303±844±2973 San Francisco, CA (Suite 790, 120 Howard St., 94105) ...... Vermont McKinney, Acting ...... 415±744±6565 Seattle, WA (915 2d Ave., 98101) ...... Robert Lamb, Jr...... 206±220±6700

For further information, contact any regional office or the Director, Community Relations Service, Department of Justice, Suite 2000, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–305–2935.

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00326 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 327

Justice Management Division Under litigate, or provide legal advice are the direction of the Assistant Attorney reported to the Office of Professional General for Administration, the Division Responsibility. The Office also has provides assistance to senior jurisdiction to investigate allegations of management officials relating to basic misconduct by law enforcement Department policy for evaluation, budget personnel when they are related to and financial management, asset allegation of misconduct by attorneys forfeiture management, personnel within the Office’s jurisdiction. The management and training, equal Office usually conducts its own opportunity programs, automatic data investigations into allegations. processing and telecommunications, The Office may also participate in or security, records management, direct an investigation conducted by procurement, real property and materiel another component of the Department, management, and for all other matters or may simply monitor an investigation pertaining to organization, management, conducted by an appropriate agency and administration. having jurisdiction over the matter. In The Division provides direct addition, the Office oversees the internal administrative support services, such as inspection operations of the Federal personnel, accounting, payroll, Bureau of Investigation and Drug procurement, budget, and facilities and Enforcement Administration. property management to the offices, The Counsel submits an annual report boards, and divisions of the Department; to the Attorney General that reviews and and operates several central services, evaluates the Department’s internal such as automated data processing. inspection units. The Counsel makes The Division develops and recommendations to the Attorney promulgates Departmentwide policies, General on the need for changes in standards, and procedures for the policies or procedures that become management of automated information evident during the course of internal processing resources and for the inquiries reviewed or initiated by the directive system and reviews their Office. implementation. The Division collects, Intelligence Policy and Review The organizes, and disseminates recorded Office of Intelligence Policy and Review, information that is necessary for the under the direction of the Counsel to the Department to carry out its statutory Attorney General for Intelligence Policy, mandate and provides general research is responsible for advising the Attorney and reference assistance regarding General on all matters relating to the information to Department staff, other national security activities of the United Government attorneys, and members of States. The Office also serves as adviser the public. to the Attorney General and various Professional Responsibility The Office client agencies, including the Central of Professional Responsibility, which Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau reports directly to the Attorney General, of Investigation, the National Security is responsible for investigating Agency, and the Defense and State allegations of criminal or ethical Departments, concerning questions of misconduct by employees of the Justice law, regulation, and guidelines as well Department. The Counsel on as the legality of domestic and overseas Professional Responsibility heads the intelligence operations. Office, the role of which is to ensure The Office prepares and files all that departmental employees continue to applications for surveillances and perform their duties in accordance with searches under the Foreign Intelligence the high professional standards expected Surveillance Act of 1978, assists of the Nation’s principal law Government agencies by providing legal enforcement agency. advice on matters of national security All allegations of misconduct against law and policy and represents the Department attorneys that relate to the Department of Justice on a variety of exercise of their discretion to investigate, interagency committees. The Office also

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00327 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 328 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

comments on and coordinates other bankruptcy proceedings defined under agencies’ views regarding proposed the Bankruptcy Code: liquidation legislation affecting national security and proceedings under chapter 7; intelligence matters. reorganization proceedings (usually The Office maintains an Intelligence business-related) under chapter 11; Analytic Unit (IAU) to keep the Attorney family farm reorganization proceedings General, Deputy Attorney General, and under chapter 12; and wage-earner other senior Department officials reorganization proceedings under currently informed on matters pertaining chapter 13. The U.S. trustees do not to their responsibilities. have a significant role in chapter 9 Executive Office for United States municipal debt adjustment proceedings. Attorneys (EOUSA) The Office was Their responsibilities include: created on April 6, 1953, by Attorney —appointing and supervising the General Order No. 8–53, to meet a need private trustees who administer chapter for a closer liaison between the 7, 12, and 13 bankruptcy cases; Department of Justice in Washington, DC, and the U.S. attorneys. The Office is —ensuring that bankruptcy estates are under the supervision of the Deputy administered promptly and efficiently Attorney General. and that professional fees are reasonable; The mission of EOUSA is to provide —serving as trustees in chapter 7, 12, general executive assistance to the 94 and 13 cases where private trustees are Offices of the U.S. attorneys and to unwilling to serve; coordinate the relationship between the —taking legal action to enforce the U.S. attorneys and the organization requirements of the Bankruptcy Code components of the Department of Justice and to prevent fraud and abuse; and other Federal agencies. U.S. Trustee Program The Program was —referring matters for investigation established by the Bankruptcy Reform and criminal prosecution when Act of 1978 (11 U.S.C. 101 et seq.) as a appropriate; and pilot effort in 10 regions encompassing —in chapter 11 business cases, 18 Federal judicial districts. It was appointing and convening creditors’ expanded nationwide by the Bankruptcy committees, reviewing applications for Judges, United States Trustee, and Family retention of professionals and payment Farmer Act of 1986 (100 Stat. 3088). The of fees, reviewing disclosure atatements Program acts in the public interest to and informing the court about their promote the efficiency and protect the accuracy, and appointing trustees or integrity of the bankruptcy system; it examiners as needed. oversees administrative functions, Executive Office for U.S. Trustees The monitors parties’ conduct, and acts to Attorney General is charged with the ensure compliance with applicable laws appointment and supervision of the U.S. and procedures; and it identifies and trustees and assistant U.S. trustees. Day- helps investigate bankruptcy fraud and to-day policy and legal direction, abuse. The Program is funded by the coordination, and control are provided U.S. Trustee System Fund, which by the Director of the Executive Office consists primarily of fees paid by for U.S. Trustees who is appointed by individuals and businesses in the Attorney General. The Executive bankruptcy. Office also provides administrative and The U.S. trustees supervise the management support to U.S. trustee administration of four of the five types of offices around the country.

For further information, contact the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees, Department of Justice, Suite 700, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–307–1391.

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00328 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 329 Divisions Antitrust Division and oil drilling leases and the disposition The Assistant Attorney General in charge of surplus Government property. In addition, the Antitrust Division of the Antitrust Division is responsible represents the United States in judicial for promoting and maintaining proceedings to review certain orders of competitive markets by enforcing the regulatory agencies and provides direct Federal antitrust laws. Such enforcement, which is the principal function of the court representation for the Secretary of Division, involves investigating possible the Treasury in certain Bureau of antitrust violations, conducting grand Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms cases. It jury proceedings, preparing and trying also participates in Federal Trade antitrust cases, prosecuting appeals, and Commission cases before the Supreme negotiating and enforcing final Court. In the international law area, the judgments. The antitrust laws affect Division represents the United States on virtually all industries and apply to every phase of business, including the Committee on Competition Law and manufacturing, transportation, Policy of the Organization for Economic distribution, and marketing. They Cooperation and Development; prohibit a variety of practices that participates in the United Nations restrain trade, such as price-fixing Conference on Trade and Development conspiracies, corporate mergers likely to and in the World Trade Organization’s reduce the competitive vigor of trade and competition working group; particular markets, and predatory acts and, in conjunction with the Department designed to achieve or maintain of State, maintains liaison with foreign monopoly power. The Division governments on antimonopoly laws and prosecutes serious and willful violations policies. of the antitrust laws by filing criminal For further information, contact the FOIA Unit, suits that can lead to large fines and jail Antitrust Division, Department of Justice, 325 Seventh Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. sentences. Where criminal prosecution is Phone, 202–514–2692. not appropriate, the Division seeks a court order forbidding future violations Civil Division of the law and requiring steps by the defendant to remedy the anticompetitive The Civil Division represents the United effects of past violations. States, its departments and agencies, The Division also is responsible for Members of Congress, Cabinet officers, acting as an advocate of competition and other Federal employees. Its within the Federal Government. This litigation reflects the diversity of involves formal appearances in Federal Government activities, involving, for administrative agency proceedings, example, the defense of challenges to development of legislative initiatives to Presidential actions; national security promote deregulation and eliminate issues; benefit programs; energy policies; unjustifiable exemptions from the commercial issues such as contract antitrust laws, participation on executive disputes, banking, insurance, patents, branch policy task forces, and fraud, and debt collection; all manner of publication of reports on regulated accident and liability claims; and industry performance. The Division violations of the immigration and provides formal advice to other agencies consumer protection laws. Each year, on the competitive implications of Division attorneys handle thousands of proposed transactions requiring Federal cases that collectively involve billions of approval, such as construction of nuclear dollars in claims and recoveries. The powerplants and mergers of financial Division confronts significant policy institutions. It also consults with Federal issues, which often rise to constitutional agencies on a variety of other matters, dimensions, in defending and enforcing including the issuance of Federal coal various Federal programs and actions.

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00329 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 330 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Civil Division litigates cases in all equipment, and cargoes; suits arising out Federal district courts, the U.S. Courts of of contracts involving shipping, Appeals, the U.S. Court of Federal chartering of vessels, and the Claims, other Federal and State courts, construction, repair, and salvaging of and the courts of foreign nations. vessels; proceedings to enforce Division attorneys either conduct this navigation and shipping laws; and litigation personally or they supervise or litigation based on international maritime assist the U.S. attorneys and foreign agreements. counsel to whom the Division refers the Commercial Litigation The Commercial cases. The Division is composed of Litigation Branch is responsible for seven major groups: the Torts Branch, litigation associated with the the Commercial Litigation Branch, the Government’s diverse financial Federal Programs Branch, the Appellate involvements. Staff, the Office of Consumer Litigation, This litigation includes all monetary the Office of Immigration Litigation, and suits involving contracts, express or an Office of Management Programs. implied; actions to foreclose on Torts The Torts Branch is responsible Government mortgages and liens; for suits under the Federal Tort Claims bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings; Act, including the broad range of tort and suits against guarantors and sureties. litigation arising from the operation of Branch attorneys bring suit under the the Federal Government, aviation False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3729) for disasters, environmental and the recovery of treble damages and civil occupational disease, and radiation and penalties and alternative remedies, in toxic substance exposure. It also handles connection with fraud in the award or maritime litigation and suits that seek performance of Government contracts, personal monetary judgements against false claims presented in connection individual officers or employees. with Federal programs such as Medicare, Tort litigation more specifically the submission of false statements and includes the defense of all Federal Tort vouchers to Government agencies, and Claims Act suits against the United States the use of other fraudulent devices in and the prosecution of suits in tort on transactions with the Government. These behalf of the United States. Suits and administrative claims for death, personal suits include those filed pursuant to the injury, and property damage brought qui tam provisions of the False Claims under the Tort Claims Act allege Act, in which private citizens with negligence on the part of the knowledge of fraud against the Government and involve matters such as Government may file a lawsuit against blood products litigation, suits arising the perpetrators on behalf of the United from high speed police chases, attack by States and share in a percentage of any wild animals in national parks, medical monetary recovery. Branch attorneys malpractice, mail bombs, and the also bring suits to recover sums paid to control of civilian, military, and bribe Government officials and commercial air traffic. In addition, the kickbacks in Government procurement. Torts Branch defends petitions filed The Branch is responsible for all cases pursuant to the Vaccine Injury in the U.S. Court of International Trade, Compensation Program and is including suits brought by importers of responsible for administering the merchandise to challenge the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act. appraisement or classification of Tort litigation also includes all legal imported goods or other decisions of the proceedings involving the United States U.S. Customs Service in its related to ships, shipping, navigable administration of the tariff laws and waters, and workmen’s compensation. schedules. The Division’s admiralty litigation The Branch has responsibility for all includes suits for personal injury and litigation in the U.S. Court of Federal property damage involving vessels, shore Claims except for those cases assigned to installations, and maritime personnel, the Environment and Natural Resources

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00330 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 331

Division and the Tax Division. Included Federal Programs The Federal are: Programs Branch defends the programs, —patent cases and suits arising out of policies, and decisions of virtually all construction, procurement, service Federal departments and agencies, the contracts, and claims associated with President, Cabinet officers, Members of contract terminations; Congress, and other Government —claims involving freight rate disputes officials. It defends against constitutional arising out of the transportation of challenges to statutes, suits to overturn Government property; Government policies and programs, and —claims for just compensation under challenges to the legality of Government the fifth amendment; decisions. These suits typically seek —claims for salary or retirement by injunctive and declaratory relief and civilian and military personnel; and range from objections to the way that —cases assigned by congressional the Government deals with its reference or special legislation. employees to allegations that the Likewise, Branch attorneys handle the President has violated the Constitution or majority of cases before the Court of Federal law. The Branch also initiates Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This suits to enforce regulatory statutes and to litigation involves appeals of decisions remedy or prevent statutory or regulatory made by the U.S. Court of Federal violations. Claims, the U.S. Court of Veterans The areas of litigation include: Appeals, Boards of Contract Appeals, the —defense of suits against the heads of Merit Systems Protection Board, and Federal departments and agencies and Federal district courts. other government officials to enjoin The Branch handles all litigation official actions, as well as suits for involving the rights, liabilities, and judicial review of administrative administrative functions of the decisions, orders, and regulations; Government with respect to patent, —defense and prosecution of suits copyright, and trademark matters. This involving national security, including includes: suits to protect sensitive intelligence —defense of patent infringement suits sources and materials; based on the liability of the United —prosecution of suits to prevent States for infringements in connection interference with Government with the performance of Government operations; contracts; —litigation concerning the —legal proceedings to establish constitutionality of Federal laws; Government priority of invention; —defense of suits raising employment —suits for specific performance to discrimination claims and Government require transfer of rights and title and personnel issues; and payment of royalties; —defense of suits involving —suits to cancel patents acquired by specialized statutes, such as the Freedom fraud upon the Patent Office; of Information Act, the Federal Advisory —defense of administrative acts of the Committee Act, and the Privacy Act. Register of Copyrights; and Appellate Staff The Appellate Staff has —actions on behalf of the primary responsibility for the litigation of Government involving the use of Civil Division cases in the appellate trademarks. courts. The Staff prepares Government The Branch is also responsible for the briefs and presents oral argument for the supervision of litigation in foreign courts cases. Additionally, the Appellate Staff involving the United States as a party participates in drafting all documents and suits against U.S. employees filed for these cases in the United States stationed abroad who are being sued in Supreme Court, including briefs on the the course of their Government service. merits, petitions for certiorari, and Additionally, the Branch renders jurisdictional statements. international judicial assistance to Consumer Litigation The Office of foreign tribunals. Consumer Litigation is responsible for

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00331 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 332 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

civil and criminal litigation and related review proceedings, habeas corpus matters arising under various consumer review and general advice, and protection and public health statutes, immigration-related appellate matters. including the Federal Food, Drug, and The Office is also responsible for cases Cosmetic Act, the Federal Trade pertaining to the issuance of visas and Commission Act, the Consumer Product passports, and for litigation arising under Safety Act, the Hazardous Substances the amnesty and employer sanctions Act, and the Truth in Lending Act. The provisions of the Immigration Reform Office also serves as a liaison with other and Control Act of 1986 (8 U.S.C. Federal agencies and with local 1255a, 1324a), the criminal and terrorist enforcement agencies for the referral of alien reforms of 1990 and 1996, and the consumer complaints outside the immigration enforcement reforms of the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Litigation The Office of Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. Immigration Litigation is responsible for Management Programs The Office of conducting civil litigation under the Management Programs provides Immigration and Nationality Act (8 management and administrative services U.S.C. 1101) and related laws and for to the Division, including administrative representing the United States in civil policy development, management, litigation brought against employees of budget formulation and execution, the Immigration and Naturalization management information systems, office Service. In addition, this Office handles automation, and automated litigation district court litigation, removal order support.

For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–3301.

Civil Rights Division the basis of race, color, national origin, The Civil Rights Division, headed by an sex, and religion in programs and Assistant Attorney General, was activities that receive Federal financial established in 1957 to secure effective assistance. The Section also conducts Federal enforcement of civil rights. The compliance reviews and investigates Division is the primary institution within complaints of discrimination on the basis the Federal Government responsible for of race, color, national origin, sex, age, enforcing Federal statutes prohibiting and religion in the services and activities discrimination on the basis of race, sex, of recipients of Federal financial disability, religion, and national origin. assistance from the Department of The Division is composed of the Justice. The Section is taking the lead following Sections: role in implementing the President’s Appellate Section The Appellate initiative, announced in June 1997, to Section handles civil rights cases in the reinvigorate the enforcement of title IX of courts of appeals and, in cooperation the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 with the Solicitor General, in the U.S.C. 1681 et seq.). Supreme Court. The Section frequently Criminal Section Under the Federal participates in amicus curiae cases that criminal civil rights statutes, the Criminal affect the Division, and provides counsel Section prosecutes conduct involving to the Department on civil rights and conspiracies to interfere with federally appellate litigation. It handles all appeals protected rights, deprivation of rights from both favorable and adverse under color of law, the use of force or judgments in which the Government threat of force to injure or intimidate participates. someone in their enjoyment of specific Coordination and Review Section This rights (such as voting, housing, Section coordinates the enforcement by employment, education, public facilities, Federal agencies of various civil rights and accommodations), interference with statutes that prohibit discrimination on the free exercise of religious beliefs or

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00332 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 333

damage to religious property, and the Rights Act of 1964, as amended, and holding of a worker in a condition of other Federal laws prohibiting slavery or involuntary servitude. More employment practices that discriminate recently, the Section began enforcing the on the grounds of race, sex, religion, and criminal aspects of the new Freedom of national origin, as they apply to State Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE). and local government employers. This statute prohibits conduct intended Housing and Civil Enforcement Section to injure, intimidate, or interfere with The Housing and Civil Enforcement persons seeking to obtain or provide Section has principal responsibility for reproductive services. Also, a task force enforcing the Fair Housing Act of 1968, staffed by attorneys from both the as amended, which prohibits Criminal and Civil Rights Divisions was discrimination in housing on the basis of created by the Attorney General to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, determine if there is any organized disability, and familial status. The act criminal effort to commit violence upon allows the Section to bring cases on abortion providers. behalf of individuals where a complaint Disability Rights Section This Section is filed with the Department of Housing (previously the Public Access Section) and Urban Development (HUD). enforces titles I, II, and III of the Additionally, the Section enforces the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which (ADA) and Department of Justice prohibits discrimination in credit regulations implementing these transactions; and title II of the Civil provisions, provides technical assistance Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits to entities covered by the ADA and to discrimination in places of public persons protected by the ADA, and accommodations, such as hotels, coordinates the technical assistance restaurants, and places of entertainment. efforts of all Federal agencies with Office of Special Counsel for technical assistance responsibilities Immigration Related Unfair Employment under the ADA. The Section also Practices The Office of Special Counsel certifies that State or local building for Immigration Related Unfair codes meet or exceed the requirements Employment Practices was established of the ADA. In addition, the Section is pursuant to section 102 of the responsible for carrying out the Immigration Reform and Control Act of Department’s responsibilities under 1986 (8 U.S.C. 1324b). The Special section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of Counsel is responsible for investigating 1973. For the ADA Information Line, and prosecuting charges of national phone 800–514–0301 (voice) or 800– origin and citizenship status 514–0383 (TDD). ADA information is discrimination in hiring, firing, or also available through the Internet, at recruitment. Jurisdiction over national http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/ origin charges is limited to those not adahom1.htm. covered by the Equal Employment Educational Opportunities Section The Opportunity Commission. Jurisdiction Educational Opportunities Section over citizenship status is exclusive. enforces title IV of the Civil Rights Act of The Special Counsel files complaints 1964 and the Equal Educational before an administrative law judge based Opportunities Act of 1974. In addition, it on charges filed with this Office or on its represents the Department of Education own independent investigations. Appeals in certain suits filed against and on of administrative decisions are to the behalf of the Secretary of Education. The U.S. Courts of Appeals. Section closely monitors approximately In addition, the Special Counsel 400 school districts operating under coordinates with the Immigration and desegregation court orders. Naturalization Service, the Equal Employment Litigation Section The Employment Opportunity Commission, Employment Litigation Section enforces and other Federal agencies in promoting the provisions of title VII of the Civil public awareness of the

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00333 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 334 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

antidiscrimination provisions of the act, vote of racial or language minorities. through employer and public interest Under section 8 of the Voting Rights Act, conferences, public service the Attorney General requests the announcements, and nationwide assignment of Federal observers—who distribution of enforcement information. generally are employees of the Office of Special Litigation Section The Special Personnel Management—to monitor Litigation Section is responsible for polling place activities on election day protecting the constitutional and to document and deter discriminatory statutory rights of persons confined in practices. certain institutions owned or operated by Administrative Management Section State or local governments, including This Section supports the Division by facilities for individuals with mental and providing a diverse array of management developmental disabilities, nursing and technical services, including homes, prisons, jails, and juvenile personnel administration, budget detention facilities where a pattern or formulation and execution, facilities practice of violations exist. This authority services, mail and file operations, is granted by the Civil Rights of litigation support, office automation, Institutionalized Persons Act. The Section databases, and geographic information is also responsible for civil enforcement system support. This Section also provisions of the Freedom of Access to contains the Freedom of Information/ Clinic Entrances Act (FACE) which Privacy Act Branch, which ensures that prohibits force or the threat of force for the Division complies with all aspects of the purpose of interfering with the the Freedom of Information and Privacy provision of reproductive services; and Acts. the police misconduct provision of the For further information, contact the Executive Violent Crime Control and Law Officer, Civil Rights Division, Department of Enforcement Act of 1994, which gives Justice, P.O. Box 65310, Washington, DC 20035– the Attorney General authority to remedy 5310. Phone, 202–514–4224. Internet, http:// patterns and practices of misconduct by www.usdoj.gov/crt/. certain law enforcement authorities. Voting Section The Voting Section is Criminal Division responsible for the enforcement of the The Criminal Division develops, Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Voting enforces, and supervises the application Accessibility for the Elderly and of all Federal criminal laws, except those Handicapped Act, the Uniformed and specifically assigned to other divisions. Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, The Division and the 93 U.S. attorneys the National Voter Registration Act of are responsible for overseeing criminal 1993, and other statutory provisions matters under more than 900 statutes, as designed to safeguard the right to vote of well as certain civil litigation. In addition racial and language minorities, illiterate to its direct litigation responsibilities, the persons, individuals with disabilities, Division formulates and implements overseas citizens, persons who change criminal enforcement policy and their residence shortly before a provides advice and assistance. The Presidential election, and persons 18 to Division approves or monitors sensitive 20 years of age. areas of law enforcement such as Under section 2 of the Voting Rights participation in the Witness Security Act, the Section brings lawsuits to Program and the use of electronic remedy discriminatory election practices. surveillance; advises the Attorney Under section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, General, Congress, the Office of the Section reviews voting changes Management and Budget, and the White submitted to the Attorney General and House of matters of criminal law; defends section 5 litigation in court to provides legal advice and assistance to assure that redistricting plans and other Federal prosecutors and investigative changes in voting practices and agencies; and provides leadership for procedures do not abridge the right to coordinating international as well as

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00334 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 335

Federal, State, and local law The Section oversees asset forfeiture enforcement matters. and money laundering training and Office of Administration The Office of conducts seminars for Federal Administration performs a wide range of prosecutors, investigating agents, and administrative and managerial functions law enforcement personnel. It also for the components of the Criminal produces legal publications and training Division, including budget preparation materials to enhance its legal support and execution, personnel actions, functions. computer support services, mail and The Section also adjudicates all records services, procurement, and petitions for remission or mitigation of security. forfeited assets in judicial forfeiture Appellate Section The Appellate cases, administers the Weed and Seed Section prepares draft briefs and Program and the Equitable Sharing certiorari petitions for the Solicitor Program, and oversees the approval of General to be filed in the U.S. Supreme the placement of forfeited property into Court; makes recommendations to the official use by Federal agencies. Solicitor General as to whether further Child Exploitation and Obscenity review on adverse decisions in the Created in 1987, the Child Exploitation district courts and courts of appeals is and Obscenity Section (CEOS) necessary; and prepares briefs and prosecutes those who possess, argues cases in the courts of appeals. In manufacture, or distribute child addition, Section attorneys occasionally pornography; those who sell, buy, or participate in district court litigation in transport women and children interstate major criminal cases. or internationally to engage in sexually Asset Forfeiture/Money Laundering explicit conduct; those who travel Section The Section provides interstate or internationally to sexually centralized management for the abuse children; those who abuse Department’s asset forfeiture program to children on Federal and Indian lands; ensure its integrity and maximize its law those who do not pay certain court- enforcement potential, while also ordered child support payments; those providing managerial direction to the who transport obscene materials in Department’s components concerned interstate or foreign commerce; and with money laundering. The Section international parental abduction. CEOS initiates, coordinates, and reviews attorneys assist the 93 U.S. attorney legislative and policy proposals offices in investigations, trials, and impacting on the asset forfeiture program appeals related to these offenses. Additionally, CEOS attorneys provide and money laundering enforcement and advice on child victim witness issues serves as the Department’s contact for and develop and refine proposals for Congress, other executive branch prosecution policies, legislation, agencies, and State and local law government practices, and agency enforcement agencies. regulations in the areas of sexual The Section works with the entire exploitation of minors, child support, spectrum of law enforcement and and obscenity for the Federal prosecutors regulatory agencies using an interagency, and relevant Federal law enforcement interdisciplinary, and international personnel. CEOS also conducts and approach. The Section is mandated to participates in training of Federal, State, coordinate multidistrict investigations local, and international prosecutors, and prosecutions; develop regulatory investigators, and judges in the areas of and legislative initiatives; ensure the child exploitation and trafficking of uniform application of forfeiture and women and children. money laundering statutes; litigate The main focus of CEOS is on waging complex, sensitive, and multidistrict an aggressive battle to protect children cases; and provide litigation assistance to from individuals who use computers or the U.S. attorneys’ offices and Criminal the United States mail to sexually abuse Division components. and exploit them. In cooperation with

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00335 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 336 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), its conferences and participation in other CEOS initiated a major project to Federal conferences. combat the use of computers in Computer Crime and Intellectual trafficking child pornography and Property The Computer Crime and exploiting children on-line, and Intellectual Property Section (CCIP) is continues to be actively involved in responsible for implementing the providing training on child pornography Department’s Computer Crime Initiative, issues to FBI and other law enforcement a comprehensive program designed to personnel. address the growing global computer Internationally, CEOS has become crime problem and ensure the more active in its participation in appropriate protection of intellectual meetings on training and policy property rights (copyrights, trademarks, development on child exploitation issues and trade secrets). Section attorneys are and trafficking of women and children actively working with other Government for sexual purposes. Because the agencies, the private sector (including distribution of child pornography on-line hardware and software vendors and knows no borders and because it is now telecommunications companies), much easier to travel among countries, it academic institutions, and foreign has become vitally important for the officials to develop a global response to United States to work in a concerted cyber attacks and protect intellectual manner with other countries to combat property. These attorneys litigate cases, the occuranace of child exploitation and provide litigation support to other trafficking of women and children. prosecutors, train Federal law CEOS works with the U.S. Customs enforcement personnel, comment upon Service and the U.S. Postal Inspection and propose legislation, and coordinate Service on child pornography matters as international efforts to combat computer well. In the area of trafficking, CEOS crime and thefts of intellectual property. participates in the Interagency Council They also provide assistance in resolving on Women working group and plays a the unique issues raised by emerging leading role in the Department of Justice computer and telecommunications working group on the issue. technologies. Fraud The Fraud Section, the largest Internal Security The Internal Security component of the Criminal Division, Section supervises the investigation and directs and coordinates the Federal effort prosecution of cases affecting national against fraud and white-collar crime, security, foreign relations, and the export focusing primarily on complex frauds of military and strategic commodities that involve: multidistrict and and technology. The Section has international activities; financial exclusive responsibility for authorizing institutions; Government programs and the prosecution of cases under criminal procurement procedures, including statutes relating to espionage, sabotage, health care providers, defense neutrality, and atomic energy. It provides procurement fraud, and housing and legal advice to U.S. attorneys’ offices urban development fraud; the securities and investigative agencies on all matters and commodities exchanges; and within its area of responsibility, which multidistrict schemes that involve includes 88 Federal statutes affecting consumer victimization, such as national security. It also coordinates telemarketing. The Section conducts criminal cases involving the application investigations and prosecutes fraud cases of the Classified Information Procedures of national significance or great Act. The Section also administers and complexity. It also assists U.S. attorneys enforces the Foreign Agents Registration with cases, where requested. The Section Act of 1938 and related disclosure provides staff support for the Attorney statutes. General’s White Collar Crime Council Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs The and other policy matters. It also trains Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section Federal agents and prosecutors through (NDDS) has supervisory jurisdiction of

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00336 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 337

those statutes pertaining to controlled reviews all Federal electronic substances. Section attorneys participate surveillance requests and requests to in the development and implementation apply for court orders permitting the use of domestic and international narcotics of video surveillance; provides legal law enforcement programs and policies, advice to Federal, State, and local law and provide direct litigation support to enforcement agencies on the use of the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Federal electronic surveillance statutes; Task Force (OCDETF) and High Intensity and assists in developing Department Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) programs, policy on emerging technologies and to the Southwest Border and other multi- telecommunications issues. It authorizes agency initiatives, and to U.S. attorneys or denies the entry of all applicants into in recusal matters or in cases where the the Federal Witness Security Program Section’s expertise is requested. NDDS (WSP), coordinates and administers attorneys represent the Department in matters relating to all aspects of the WSP developing and administering other among all program components, and cooperative drug enforcement strategies, approves or denies requests by Federal initiatives, and projects conducted by the agencies to utilize Federal prisoners for law enforcement and intelligence investigative purposes. The Office communities. approves or reviews matters such as The Section Chief serves as the witness immunity requests, transfer of Department’s designated representative prisoners to and from foreign countries on several senior level committees of the to serve the remainder of their prison intelligence and law enforcement sentences, attorney and press subpoenas, communities that plan and coordinate applications for S-visa status, and joint international counternarcotics disclosure of grand jury information. It initiatives. Additionally, the Chief acts as provides legal advice and assistance in a the designated representative of the wide variety of matters, such as crimes Federal Government in the affecting government operations, mental implementation of the joint U.S.- competency and insanity, interstate Colombia evidence sharing initiative, property crimes, and crimes in Indian intended to facilitate the successful country. The Office processes all investigation and prosecution of major requests for Criminal Division records Colombian narcotics traffickers in made pursuant to the Freedom of Colombia. The Section plays a central Information Act and the Privacy Act, and coordinating role in a number of multi- assists U.S. attorneys’ offices in district, multi-agency initiatives and advocating the Division’s position in prosecutions, including the Southwest civil litigation filed under these statutes. Border Initiative (SWBI), the It registers entities as required by the Department’s priority narcotics Gambling Devices Act of 1962. enforcement program targeting major International Affairs The Office of Mexican trafficking organizations. The International Affairs supports the Litigation Unit provides direct trial and Department’s legal divisions, the U.S. appellate litigation support to U.S. attorneys, and State and local attorneys nationwide, with emphasis on prosecutors regarding questions of prosecutions that support the OCDETF, foreign and international law, including HIDTA, and SWBI programs. These issues related to extradition and mutual attorneys also litigate appeals arising legal assistance treaties. The Office also from cases prosecuted by NDDS coordinates all international evidence attorneys and denials or revocations of gathering. In conjunction with the controlled substance registrations by the Department of State, the Office engages Drug Enforcement Administrator. in negotiating new extradition and Enforcement Operations The Office of mutual legal assistance treaties and Enforcement Operations oversees the use executive agreements throughout the of the most sophisticated investigative world. Office attorneys also participate tools at the Department’s disposal. It on a number of committees established

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00337 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 338 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

under the auspices of the United Nations in Rwanda, Colombia, Haiti, Romania, and other international organizations that Latvia, Poland, Georgia, Ukraine, and are directed at resolving a variety of Russia. OPDAT also serves as the international law enforcement problems, Department’s liaison between various such as narcotics trafficking and money private and public agencies that sponsor laundering. The Office maintains visits to the United States by foreign permanent field offices in Rome, Paris, officials and other visitors who study Brussels, and Mexico City. aspects of the U.S. legal system. This Policy and Legislation The legislative opportunity for comparative law dialog component of the Office of Policy and with foreign experts aids the Department Legislation (OPL) develops legislative in its efforts to promote mutual legal proposals, legal memoranda, and assistance. congressional testimony. It also prepares Special Investiations The Office of comments on pending legislation Special Investigations investigates affecting the Federal criminal justice individuals who took part in Nazi- system, works closely with the U.S. sponsored acts of persecution abroad Sentencing Commission on a variety of before and during World War II, and sentencing-related issues, and provides who subsequently entered or seek to legal support to the Advisory Committee enter the United States illegally and/or on Criminal Rules and Evidence of the fradulently. It then takes appropriate Judicial Conference regarding the legal action seeking their exclusion, Federal rules of criminal procedure and denaturalization, and/or deportation. the Federal rules of evidence. Organized Crime and Racketeering The policy component of OPL The Organized Crime and Racketeering analyzes policy and management issues Section coordinated the Department’s related to criminal law enforcement and program to combat organized crime. The the criminal justice system. It identifies principal enforcement efforts are problems and emerging trends; develops currently directed against traditional options and recommendations; and groups, such as La Cosa Nostra families, provides research, technical, and and emerging groups from Asia and management support to the Assistant Europe, such as Chinese Triads, the Attorney General and other Division and Sicilian Mafia, and Russian organized Department policy makers. The policy crime. The Section supervises the staff also analyzes crime data, Federal investigation and prosecution of these caseload statistics, and other criminal cases by Strike Force Units within U.S. justice system information for various attorneys’ offices in 23 Federal districts decisionmakers within the Department. having a significant organized crime Overseas Prosecutorial Development, presence. These cases involve a broad Assistance, and Training The Office of spectrum of criminal statutes, including Overseas Prosecutorial Development, extortion, murder, bribery, fraud, Assistance, and Training (OPDAT) assists narcotics, and labor racketeering. prosecutors and judicial personnel in The Section is involved in setting other countries in developing and national priorities for the organized sustaining democratic criminal justice crime program by coordinating with institutions. To further the Department’s investigative agencies such as the interest in fostering the fair and efficient Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug administration of justice abroad, OPDAT Enforcement Administration, and others; programs promote the rule of law and and by working with the Attorney regard for human rights; assist nations, General’s Organized Crime Council, especially emerging democracies, in which is ultimately responsible for the building and maintaining viable criminal Federal Government’s policy in this area. justice institutions; and focus on In addition to its close supervision of transnational criminal matters. Currently, all Federal organized crime cases, the OPDAT provides long-term rule-of-law Section maintains close control over all assistance, using resident legal advisors, Government uses of the Racketeer

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00338 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 339

Influenced and Corrupt Organizations investigation and prosecution of support (RICO) statute, and provides extensive to designated terrorist organizations; advice to prosecutors about the use of oversees the prosecution of domestic this powerful tool for cases involving violent crime offenses for which Federal patterns of serious criminal conduct. jurisdiction exists; oversees the In a more specialized context, the prosecution of firearms and explosives Section provides support for criminal violations; assists in the implementation prosecutions involving labor- of an initiative designed to deter management disputes, the internal affairs criminals from possessing firearms, by of labor unions in the private sector, and using Federal firearms laws which the operation of employee pension and generally provide longer and often welfare benefit plans. The Section mandatory sentences for gun offenses; maintains a cadre of experienced and administers the national antiviolent prosecutors in its Litigation Unit who crime strategy, which focuses particular travel as needed to prosecute or assist in attention on the investigation and the prosecution of organized crime cases prosecution of gang-related crimes. in the various U.S. attorneys’ offices, Where appropriate, Section attorneys particularly in multi-defendant RICO assume direct responsibility for the cases, especially in the field of labor prosecution of violent crime cases. racketeering. Section attorneys provide legal advice Public Integrity The Public Integrity to Federal prosecutors concerning Section oversees the Federal effort to Federal statutes relating to murder, combat corruption through the assault, kidnapping, threats, robbery, prosecution of elected and appointed weapons and explosives control, public officials at all levels of malicious destruction of property, and Government. The Section has exclusive aircraft and sea piracy. The Section also jurisdiction over allegations of criminal formulates legislative initiatives and misconduct by Federal judges, and also Departmental policies relating to monitors the investigation and terrorism and violent crime and prosecution of election and conflict of coordinates such initiatives and strategies interest crimes. Section attorneys with other Government agencies. prosecute selected cases against Federal, Organized Crime Drug Enforcement State, and local officials, and are Task Forces The Organized Crime available as a source of advice and Drug Enforcement Task Forces expertise to other prosecutors and to (OCDETF), a Federal drug laws investigators. Since 1978, the Section enforcement program, focuses attention has supervised the administration of the and resources on the disruption and Independent Counsel provisions of the dismantling of major drug trafficking and Ethics in Government Act. money laundering organizations. Terrorism and Violent Crime The OCDETF provides a framework for Terrorism and Violent Crime Section is Federal, State, and local law responsible for the design, enforcement agencies to work together implementation, and support of law to target well-established and complex enforcement efforts, legislative initiatives, organizations that direct, finance, or policies, and strategies relating to engage in illegal narcotics trafficking and international and domestic terrorism. related crimes, including money This includes the investigation and laundering and tax violations, public prosecution of acts of terrorism occurring corruption, illegal immigration, weapons anywhere in the world which impact violations, and violent crimes. Since its significant U.S. interests. initiation in 1982, by utilizing the The Section coordinates the systematic resources and expertise of its 11 member collection and analysis of data related to Federal agencies, along with support the investigation and prosecution of from its State and local law enforcement domestic terrorism cases, thereby partners, OCDETF has contributed to the facilitating prevention of terrorist activity successful prosecution and conviction of through early detection; coordinates the more than 66,000 members of criminal

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00339 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 340 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

organizations and resulted in the seizure first task is to develop a comprehensive of cash and property assets totaling more strategic plan for the development of the than $3.3 billion. police force, starting with drafting a The Executive Office for OCDETF mission statement, goals and objectives, supports the work of over 2,500 Federal operating procedures, codes of conduct, agents and prosecutors and regulations, and standards. Emphasis is approximately 6,000 State and local law placed upon obtaining ‘‘buy in’’ from enforcement officers who participate in senior police officials, the drafting of OCDETF cases. The Executive Office, in relevant procedures and guidelines, and conjunction with a council of the decision of the police force on how Washington agency representatives, the skills learned will be applied. provides policy guidance and Training is provided on the new coordination, administrative regulations and skills so that those management and support, collection and receiving the training will be able to reporting of statistical information, and apply it immediately in a manner budgetary planning, coordination, and consistent with their own country’s laws disbursement. and regulations. Training is often International Criminal Investigative followed by monitoring by technical Training Assistance Program Activities advisers who work with the trainees and of the International Criminal Investigative their supervisors to ensure the training is Training Assistance Program (ICITAP) effectively utilized. include the development of police forces For further information, contact the Office of the and reform of existing police forces in Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, the context of international Department of Justice, Tenth Street and peacekeeping operations, and the Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. enhancement of capabilities of existing Phone, 202–514–2601. police forces in emerging democracies. Environment and Natural Resources Assistance is based on internationally Division recognized principles of human rights, the rule of law, and modern police The Environment and Natural Resources practices. Division, formerly known as the Land ICITAP programs are instituted at the and Natural Resources Division, is the request of the National Security Council Nation’s environmental lawyer. It is and the Department of State in responsible for litigating cases ranging agreement with governments requesting from protection of endangered species, assistance. The goals and objectives of to global climate change, to cleaning up the programs are determined by U.S. the Nation’s hazardous waste sites. A interests in promoting democracy and key Division responsibility is enforcing respect for human rights. Project civil and criminal environmental laws in activities are determined by order to protect its citizens’ health and administration priorities, an ever- environment. The Division defends changing world situation, and budgeting environmental challenges to Government limitations. ICITAP is unique among activities and programs and ensures that Federal law enforcement assistance environmental laws are implemented in programs in that its budget is totally a fair and consistent manner nationwide. based on project-specific funding It also represents the United States in all provided to the Department of Justice by matters concerning the protection, use, the Department of State and the U.S. and development of the Nation’s natural Agency for International Development. resources and public lands, wildlife ICITAP projects are conceived in a protection, Indian rights and claims, and way that makes training and institutional the acquisition of Federal property. To development activities inseparable carry out this broad mission, the partners in the process of delivering Division is organized into nine sections foreign law enforcement assistance. described below. Assistance programs begin with the Environmental Crimes The assignment of technical advisers whose Environmental Crimes Section prosecutes

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00340 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 341

individuals and corporate entities which States and citizens alleging that Federal have violated laws designed to protect agencies are out of compliance with the environment. The Section works environmental standards. The Section closely with the Federal Bureau of also handles both defensive and Investigation and criminal investigators enforcement litigation involving the from the Environmental Protection wetlands program under section 404 of Agency (EPA) to enforce statutes such as the Clean Water Act. This requires the Clean Air Act, the Comprehensive persons wishing to fill or discharge waste Environmental Response, Compensation, into wetlands to first obtain a permit and Liability Act (Superfund), and the from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Resource Conservation and Recovery If this requirement is not met, the Act, among others. Section files a civil action seeking civil Environmental Enforcement The penalties and injunctive relief against the Environmental Enforcement Section is violator. responsible for most of the affirmative Wildlife and Marine Resources The civil litigation brought on behalf of EPA; Wildlife and Marine Resources Section claims for damages to our natural tries both civil and criminal cases under resources filed on behalf of the Federal wildlife laws and other laws Departments of Interior, Commerce, and protecting marine fish and mammals. Agriculture; claims for contribution Prosecutions focus on smugglers and against private parties for contamination black-market dealers in protected of public land; and recoupment of wildlife. Civil litigation, particularly money spent to clean up certain oil under the Endangered Species Act, often spills on behalf of the United States sets the needs of protected species Coast Guard. The Section supports the against the economic interests of both regulatory programs of its client agencies the Federal Government and private through litigation to obtain compliance enterprise. with environmental statutes, establishes a General Litigation The General credible deterrent against violation of Litigation Section is primarily responsible those laws, recoups Federal funds spent for litigation involving the use and to abate environmental contamination, protection of federally owned public and obtains funds to restore or replace lands and natural resources. Its varied natural resources damaged through oil docket comprises cases arising under spills or the release of hazardous more than 80 different land management substances into the environment. The and natural resource statutes including primary statutes within the Section’s the National Environmental Policy Act, scope of responsibility are: the the Federal Land Policy Management Comprehensive Environmental Response, Act, and the National Historic Compensation, and Liability Act Preservation Act. Cases address such (Superfund); the Clean Air Act; the Clean issues as water rights, land use plans, Water Act; the Resource Conservation timber and mineral production, and Recovery Act; the Safe Drinking landowner compensation, and trust Water Act; and the Oil Pollution Act of obligations to Indian tribes. 1990. Indian Resources The Indian Resources Environmental Defense The Section represents the United States in its Environmental Defense Section trust capacity for Indian tribes. These represents the United States, principally suits include establishing water rights, EPA, in suits challenging the establishing and protecting hunting and Government’s administration of Federal fishing rights, collecting damages for environmental laws. The lawsuits, which trespass on Indian lands, and arise in Federal district and appellate establishing reservation boundaries and courts, include claims by industries that rights to land. regulations are too strict, claims by Land Acquisition The Land Acquisition environmental groups that Federal Section is responsible for acquiring land, standards are too lax, and claims by either by direct purchase or through

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00341 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 342 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

condemnation proceedings, for use by automation, and automated litigation the Federal Government for purposes support services. ranging from establishing public parks to For further information, contact the Office of the creating missile sites. The Section Assistant Attorney General, Environment and attorneys seek to implement the Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, protection of the fifth amendment in a Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2701. way which is fair to both property owners and taxpayers. The legal and Tax Division factual issues in such cases can include the power of the Federal Government to The primary mission of the Tax Division condemn property under specific acts of is to enforce the Nation’s tax laws in Congress; ascertainment of the fair Federal and State courts and thereby market value of property sought by the generate revenue for the Federal Government. The Division conducts Federal Government; applicability of enforcement activities to deter specific local zoning regulations and problems taxpayers, as well as the taxpaying related to subdivisions; capitalization of public at large, from conduct that income; and the admissibility of deprives the Federal Government of its evidence. tax-related revenue. Policy, Legislation, and Special The Tax Division was established Litigation The Policy, Legislation, and under Executive Order 6166 of June 10, Special Litigation Section advises and 1933, which called for the consolidated assists the Assistant Attorney General on control of all tax litigation in the policy issues including coordination of Department of Justice. In November the Division’s international and 1933, the Attorney General issued environmental justice activities. The Circular No. 2494 creating the Division Section directs the Division’s legislative and charging it with the duty of program, including testimony of Division representing the Government in internal managers before congressional revenue cases. committees, and representation of the The Division represents the United Department in meetings with States and its officers in all civil and congressional staff and on interagency criminal litigation arising under the groups that develop the administration’s internal revenue laws, other than position on legislation proposed or proceedings in the United States Tax passed by Congress. The Section also Court. While the Division’s primary litigates amicus cases, undertakes client is the Internal Revenue Service, it specially assigned litigation projects at also represents Federal officials and the trial and appellate levels, serves as employees in actions arising out of the performance of their official duties, as the Division’s ethics office, and responds well as representing other Federal to citizen requests under the Freedom of departments and agencies in their Information Act. dealings with State and local tax Appeals The Appellate Section is authorities. In civil tax litigation the responsible for handling all appeals in Division’s responsibility involves cases in cases initially tried in lower courts by the United States District Courts, the any of the sections within the Division. United States Court of Federal Claims, In addition, the Section drafts the briefs the United States Courts of Appeals, and for all Division cases which reach the the U. S. Supreme Court, as well as Supreme Court and formulates cases in the State courts. recommendations to the Solicitor The Division represents the United General that seek authority to appeal States in many different types of unfavorable decisions. disputes, both civil and criminal, dealing Executive Office The Executive Office with the interpretation of Federal tax serves as administrator to the Division, laws. For example, when the Internal providing financial management, Revenue Service challenges a tax return personnel, planning, procurement, office and determines a deficiency, the

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00342 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 343

taxpayer may pay the full amount of tax directs collection efforts and coordinates assessed and then bring a suit against the with, monitors the efforts of, and Government for refund. The Division provides assistance to the various United defends the Government in these refund States attorneys’ offices in collecting actions. outstanding judgments in tax cases. Other areas of civil litigation in which With respect to criminal tax litigation, the Division is involved on behalf of the the Division prosecutes or supervises the Federal Government include: prosecution of all criminal offenses —suits brought by individuals to committed under the internal revenue foreclose mortgages or to quiet title to laws, including attempts to evade and property in which the United States is defeat taxes, willful failures to file returns named as a party defendant because of and to pay taxes, filing false returns and the existence of a Federal tax lien on the other deceptive documents, making false property; statements to revenue officials, and other —suits brought by the United States to miscellaneous offenses involving internal collect unpaid assessments, to foreclose revenue matters. These duties include Federal tax liens or determine the the institution of criminal proceedings priority of such liens, to obtain and collaboration with U.S. attorneys in judgments against delinquent taxpayers, the conduct of litigation in the trial and to enforce summonses, and to establish appellate courts. Further, Division tax claims in bankruptcy, receivership, attorneys frequently conduct grand jury or probate proceedings; investigations and actual trials of —proceedings involving mandamus, criminal tax cases, often as a result of injunctions, and other specific writs requests for assistance by the appropriate arising in connection with internal U.S. attorney. In its efforts to deter revenue matters; willful deception through prosecution of —suits against Internal Revenue criminal offenders, the Division also Service employees for damages claimed plays a significant role in curbing because of alleged injuries caused in the organized crime, public corruption, performance of their official duties; narcotics trafficking, and financial —suits against the Secretary of the institution fraud. Treasury, the Commissioner of Internal The primary functions of the Division Revenue, or similar officials to test the are to aid the Internal Revenue Service validity of regulations or rulings not in in collecting the Federal revenue and to the context of a specific refund action; establish principles of law that will serve —suits brought by the United States to as guidelines to taxpayers and their enjoin the promotion of abusive tax representatives, as well as to the Internal shelters and to enjoin activities relating Revenue Service, in the administration of to aiding and abetting the the Internal Revenue Code. As a result, understatement of tax liabilities of others; coordination with the Internal Revenue —suits brought by taxpayers for a Service’s administrative policies and the judicial determination of the Treasury Department’s legislative tax reasonableness of a jeopardy or concerns in developing litigating termination assessment and the postures is essential. appropriateness of the amount; The Division also provides input into —proceedings brought against the Tax the preparation of reports to the Division and the Internal Revenue Congress, the Office of Management and Service for disclosure of information Budget, and the Office of Legislative under the Freedom of Information Act; Affairs on pending or proposed and legislation and monitors congressional —intergovernmental immunity suits in activities with respect to matters of which the United States resists attempts interest to the Division. to apply a State or local tax to some In accordance with the Attorney activity or property of the United States. General’s program to enhance the The Division also collects judgments litigating skills of Department attorneys, in tax cases. To this end, the Division the Division conducts training programs

VerDate 18-JUN-99 11:09 Jul 20, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00343 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 C:\RECORD\185193.037 pfrm12 PsN: pfrm12 344 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

for its attorneys, with special emphasis For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, on matters unique to tax litigation and Department of Justice, Tenth Street and the development of advocacy skills. Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2901. Internet, http:// www.usdoj.gov/tax/.

Bureaus Federal Bureau of Investigation Office of the General Counsel, an Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, an 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, Office of Equal Employment Opportunity DC 20535. Phone, 202–324–3000. Internet, Affairs, an Office of Professional http://www.fbi.gov/. Responsibility, and a Director’s staff. The Bureau’s investigations are The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) conducted through 56 field offices. Most is the principal investigative arm of the of its investigative personnel are trained United States Department of Justice. It is at the FBI Academy in Quantico, VA. charged with gathering and reporting facts, locating witnesses, and compiling For further information, contact the Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, Federal Bureau of evidence in cases involving Federal Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover F.B.I. Building, 935 jurisdiction. Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20535. The Federal Bureau of Investigation Phone, 202–324–2727. was established in 1908 by the Attorney General, who directed that Department Bureau of Prisons of Justice investigations be handled by its 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534. own staff. The Bureau is charged with Phone, 202–307–3198 investigating all violations of Federal law except those that have been assigned by The mission of the Bureau of Prisons is legislative enactment or otherwise to to protect society by confining offenders another Federal agency. Its jurisdiction in the controlled environments of prisons includes a wide range of responsibilities and community-based facilities that are in the criminal, civil, and security fields. safe, humane, and appropriately secure, Priority has been assigned to the five and which provide work and other self- areas that affect society the most: improvement opportunities to assist organized crime/drugs, counterterrorism, offenders in becoming law-abiding white-collar crime, foreign citizens. counterintelligence, and violent crime. The Executive Office of the Director On January 28, 1982, the Attorney provides overall direction for agency General assigned concurrent jurisdiction operations. In addition to typical for the enforcement of the Controlled administrative functions performed by an Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801) to the agency head, the Offices of General Bureau and the Drug Enforcement Counsel, Program Review, and Internal Administration (DEA). The DEA Affairs are within the Office and report Administrator reports to the Attorney to the Director. General through the FBI Director. The Administration Division develops The Bureau also offers cooperative plans, programs, and policies concerning services such as fingerprint identification, the acquisition, construction, and staffing laboratory examination, police training, of new facilities, as well as budget and the National Crime Information development, financial management, Center to duly authorized law procurement, and contracting. enforcement agencies. The Community Corrections and The Bureau headquarters in Detention Division is responsible for Washington, DC, consists of nine program development and contracts separate divisions, a Deputy Director, an relating to community-based and

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00344 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 345

detention programs, as well as Information Center are located in privatization and citizen participation. Longmont, CO. The Correctional Programs Division is The Bureau is subdivided into six responsible for managing the geographic regions, each staffed with correctional services (security) operations field-qualified personnel who are in Bureau institutions and case and unit responsible for policy development and management, as well as religious and oversight, providing operational psychological services, drug treatment guidance to field locations, and programs, programs for special needs providing support functions in areas such offenders, and inmate systems. as auditing, technical assistance, budget, Federal Prison Industries (trade name and personnel. Each regional office is UNICOR) is a wholly owned headed by an experienced career Bureau Government corporation whose mission manager who is a full member of the is to provide employment and training Bureau’s executive staff. opportunities for inmates confined in For further information, contact the Public Federal correctional facilities. UNICOR Information Officer, Bureau of Prisons, Department manufactures a wide range of items— of Justice, Washington, DC 20534. Phone, 202– from executive and systems furniture to 307–3198. electronics, textiles, and graphics/ signage. Services performed by United States Marshals Service UNICOR’s inmates include data entry, 600 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202– printing, and furniture refinishing. The 4210. Phone, 202–307–9000 corporation funds selected preindustrial, vocational, and experimental training The United States Marshals Service is the programs. Nation’s oldest Federal law enforcement The Health Services Division has agency, having served as a vital link oversight responsibility for all medical between the executive and judicial and psychiatric programs; environmental branches of the Government since 1789. and occupational health services; food Today, the Presidentially appointed and nutrition services; and farm marshals and their support staff of operations. approximately 4,300 deputy marshals The Human Resource Management and administrative personnel operate Division provides personnel, training, from more than 400 office locations in and labor management within the all 94 Federal judicial districts agency. Its functions also include pay nationwide, from Guam to Puerto Rico, and position management and and from Alaska to Florida. recruitment. The Marshals Service performs tasks The Information, Policy, and Public that are essential to the operation of Affairs Division encompasses the virtually every aspect of the Federal Bureau’s Information Systems; Research justice system. The Service is responsible and Evaluation; Security Technology; for: Office of Public Affairs; and Office of —providing support and protection for Policy and Information Resource the Federal courts, including security for Management. 800 judicial facilities and nearly 2,000 The National Institute of Corrections judges and magistrates, as well as provides technical assistance, countless other trial participants such as information services, and training for jurors and attorneys; State and local corrections agencies —apprehending the majority of all throughout the country. It also provides Federal fugitives; technical assistance for selected foreign —operating the Federal Witness governments. The Institute’s Security program, ensuring the safety of administrative offices, Prison Division, endangered government witnesses; and Community Corrections Division are —maintaining custody of and located in Washington, DC. Its Jails transporting thousands of Federal Division, Training Academy, and prisoners annually;

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00345 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 346 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—executing court orders and arrest to enable police to focus on specific warrants; areas of criminal activity affecting their —managing and selling seized countries. property forfeited to the Government by United States participation in drug traffickers and other criminals, and INTERPOL began in 1938 by assisting the Justice Department’s asset congressional authorization, designating forfeiture program; the Attorney General as the official —responding to emergency representative to the organization. circumstances, including civil INTERPOL operations were interrupted disturbances, terrorist incidents, and during World War II, but resumed in other crisis situations, through its Special 1947. Operations Group, and restoring order in The Attorney General officially riot and mob-violence situations; and designated the Secretary of the Treasury —operating the U.S. Marshals Service as the U.S. representative to INTERPOL Training Academy. in 1958, and the U.S. National Central The Director of the U.S. Marshals Bureau was established within the Service, who is appointed by the Treasury Department in 1969. In 1977, President, supervises the operations of an arrangement was effected between the Service throughout the United States Justice and Treasury officials establishing and its territories, assisted by the Deputy dual authority in administering USNCB. Director, an Associate Director, nine This Memorandum of Understanding Assistant Directors, and a General designates the Attorney General as the Counsel. permanent representative to INTERPOL and the Secretary of the Treasury as the For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Marshals Service, Department of alternate representative. Justice, 600 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA The Bureau operates through 22202. Phone, 202–307–9065. Internet, http:// cooperative efforts with Federal, State, www.usdoj.gov/marshals/. and local law enforcement agencies. Programs and initiatives, such as the United States National Central State Liaison Program, broaden the Bureau–International Criminal scope of U.S. investigative resources to Police Organization include the international community, Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–616– thus forming an integral part of the 9000 United States efforts to confront the problem of international crime. The U.S. National Central Bureau Federal and State law enforcement (USNCB) represents the United States in agencies represented at the USNCB INTERPOL, the International Criminal include the Federal Bureau of Police Organization. Also known as Investigation; U.S. Marshals Service; INTERPOL—Washington, USNCB Drug Enforcement Administration; provides an essential communications Immigration and Naturalization Service; link between the U.S. police community U.S. Customs Service; U.S. Secret and their counterparts in the foreign Service; Internal Revenue Service; member countries. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and INTERPOL is an association of 176 Firearms; Department of Agriculture; countries dedicated to promoting mutual U.S. Postal Inspection Service; Bureau of assistance among law enforcement Diplomatic Security, Department of authorities in the prevention and State; Financial Crimes Enforcement suppression of international crime. With Network; Environmental Protection no police force of its own, INTERPOL Agency; and the Maryland State Police. has no powers of arrest or search and Under the State Liaison Program, seizure. Instead, INTERPOL serves as a States establish an office within their channel of communication among the own law enforcement community to police of the member countries, and serve as liaison to USNCB. International provides a forum for discussions, leads developed in criminal working group meetings, and symposia investigations being conducted by a

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00346 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 347

State or local police entity can be divided into the following mission pursued through their Liaison Office, and responsibilities: criminal investigative requests from —facilitating entry of those legally abroad are funneled through the relevant admissible as visitors or immigrants to State liaison office for action by the the United States; appropriate State or local agency. All 50 —granting benefits under the States now participate in the liaison Immigration and Nationality Act, as program, which is currently coordinated amended, including providing assistance by a representative from the Maryland to those seeking asylum, temporary or State Police. permanent resident status, or USNCB has two sub-bureaus which naturalization; serve to more effectively address the law —preventing improper entry and the enforcement needs of U.S. territories. granting of benefits to those not legally The sub-bureaus are located in San Juan, entitled to them; Puerto Rico; and Pago Pago, American —apprehending and removing those Samoa. aliens who enter or remain illegally in the United States and/or whose stay is For further information, contact the U.S. National Central Bureau–INTERPOL, Washington, DC 20530. not in the public interest; and Phone, 202–616–9000. —Enforcing sanctions against those who act or conspire to subvert the Immigration and Naturalization requirements for selective and controlled Service entry, including sanctions against employers who knowingly hire aliens 425 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20536. not authorized to work in the United Phone, 202–514–4316, 4330, or 4354 States. The Service also has a firm [For the Immigration and Naturalization Service commitment to strengthen criminal statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 8, Aliens and Nationality] investigations and seek the most effective deterrents to illegal immigration. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was created by act of For further information, contact the Office of Information, Immigration and Naturalization March 3, 1891 (8 U.S.C. 1551 note), Service, Department of Justice, 425 I Street NW., and its purpose and responsibilities were Washington, DC 20536. Phone, 202–514–4316, further specified by the Immigration and 4330, or 4354. Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1101 note), which charges the Attorney Drug Enforcement Administration General with the administration and 600–700 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA enforcement of its provisions. The 22202. Phone, 202–307–1000. FTS, 367– Attorney General has delegated authority 1000 to the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization service to carry out The Drug Enforcement Administration these provisions of immigration law. (DEA) is the lead Federal agency in Overall policy and executive direction enforcing narcotics and controlled flow from the Washington, DC, substances laws and regulations. It was headquarters office through 3 regional created in July 1973, by Reorganization offices to 33 district offices and 21 Plan No. 2 of 1973 (5 U.S.C. app.), border patrol sectors throughout the which merged four separate drug law United States. INS also maintains three enforcement agencies. district offices in Bangkok, Thailand; The Administration enforces the Mexico City, Mexico; and Rome, Italy. provisions of the controlled substances The Service carries out its mission and chemical diversion and trafficking through operational programs in laws and regulations of the United adjudications and nationality, States, and operates on a worldwide inspections, investigations, and detention basis. It presents cases to the criminal and deportation, as well as the U.S. and civil justice systems of the United Border Patrol. These programs are States—or any other competent

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00347 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 348 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

jurisdiction—on those significant agency also maintains an active training organizations and their members program for narcotics officers in other involved in cultivation, production, Federal, State, and local agencies—as smuggling, distribution, or diversion of well as foreign police. controlled substances appearing in or The Administration maintains liaison destined for illegal traffic in the United with the United Nations, INTERPOL, and States. DEA immobilizes these other organizations on matters relating to organizations by arresting their members, international narcotics control programs. confiscating their drugs, and seizing their It has offices throughout the United assets; and creates, manages, and States and in 50 foreign countries. supports enforcement-related programs— For further information, contact the Public Affairs domestically and internationally—aimed Section, Drug Enforcement Administration, at reducing the availability of and Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20537. demand for controlled substances. Phone, 202–307–7977. The Administration’s responsibilities include: Office of Justice Programs —investigation of major narcotic 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC violators who operate at interstate and 20531. Phone, 202–307–0781 international levels; —seizure and forfeiture of assets The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) was derived from, traceable to, or intended established by the Justice Assistance Act to be used for illicit drug trafficking; of 1984 and reauthorized in 1994 to —enforcement of regulations provide Federal leadership, coordination, governing the legal manufacture, and assistance needed to make the distribution, and dispensing of controlled Nation’s justice system more efficient substances; and effective in preventing and —management of a national narcotics controlling crime. OJP and its five intelligence system; program bureaus, the Bureau of Justice —coordination with Federal, State, Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, and local law enforcement authorities National Institute of Justice, Office of and cooperation with counterpart Juvenile Justice and Delinquency agencies abroad; and Prevention, and Office for Victims of —training, scientific research, and Crime, are responsible for collecting information exchange in support of drug statistical data and conducting analyses; traffic prevention and control. identifying emerging criminal justice The Administration manages the El issues; developing and testing promising Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), a 24- approaches to address these issues; hour tactical drug intelligence center, evaluating program results, and which utilizes DEA and Federal disseminating these findings and other personnel from 13 other agencies. information to State and local The Administration concentrates its governments. efforts on high-level narcotics smuggling The Office is headed by an Assistant and distribution organizations in the Attorney General who, by statute and United States and abroad, working delegation of authority from the Attorney closely with such agencies as the General, establishes, guides, promotes, Customs Service, the Internal Revenue and coordinates policy; focuses efforts Service, and the Coast Guard. It also on the priorities established by the chairs the 11-agency National Narcotics President and the Attorney General; and Intelligence Consumers Committee, promotes coordination among the which develops an annual report on bureaus and offices within OJP. drug production, trafficking, and abuse Through the programs developed and trends. financed by its bureaus and offices, OJP Approximately 400 Administration works to form partnerships among compliance investigators enforce Federal, State, and local government regulation of the legal manufacture and officials to control drug abuse and distribution of prescription drugs. The trafficking, rehabilitate crime-ridden

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00348 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 349

neighborhoods, improve the private partnerships, planning, and administration of justice in America, criminal justice system improvement; meet the needs of crime victims, and and to leverage and efficiently find innovative ways to address administer available resources. problems such as gang violence, prison The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (42 crowding, juvenile crime, and white- U.S.C. 3750) established the Edward collar crime. The functions of each Byrne Memorial State and Local Law bureau or office are interrelated. For Enforcement Assistance Program. Under example, the statistics generated by the this authorization, Congress appropriates Bureau of Justice Statistics may drive the funds to BJA for awards to the States to research that is conducted through the implement violent crime control and National Institute of Justice and the illegal drug reduction strategies. Other Office of Juvenile Justice and BJA discretionary awards are made for Delinquency Prevention. Research innovative programs such as Tribal results may generate new programs that Strategies Against Violence, Firearms receive support from the Bureau of Trafficking, and a Comprehensive Justice Assistance and the Office of Homicide Initiative. Earmarked funds are Juvenile Justice and Delinquency used for special programs such as Prevention. National Crime Prevention Council Although some research and technical Campaigns (McGruff, The Crime Dog) assistance is provided directly by OJP’s and Drug Abuse Resistance Education. bureaus and offices, most of the work is The Bureau also administers line-item accomplished through Federal financial appropriations for national programs assistance to scholars, practitioners, and such as the Regional Information Sharing State and local governments. System Program and the Public Safety Program bureaus and offices award Officers’ Benefits Program. formula grants to State agencies, which, The Bureau expects, measures, and in turn, subgrant funds to units of State reports results in the following broad and local government. Formula grant areas of award investment: programs—drug control and system comprehensive programs, crime improvement, juvenile justice, victims prevention, law enforcement, compensation, and victims assistance— adjudication, corrections/options, are administered by State agencies evaluation, systems improvement, and designated by each State’s Governor. information dissemination. Discretionary grant programs usually are Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) The announced in the Federal Register, and Bureau is responsible for collecting, applications are made directly to the analyzing, publishing, and disseminating sponsoring Office of Justice Programs statistical information on crime, criminal bureau or office. offenders, victims of crime, and the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) The operation of justice systems at all levels Bureau is the primary funding source for of government and internationally. The grants to State and local law Bureau provides data which is critical to enforcement agencies. In addition to Federal, State, and local policymakers in funding crime prevention and control combating crime and ensuring that projects, BJA provides training, technical justice is both efficient and evenhanded. assistance, evaluation, and The Bureau also assists State comprehensive strategic planning to governments in developing capabilities criminal justice practitioners. The in criminal justice statistics and Bureau’s mission is to provide leadership improving the quality of criminal justice and assistance in support of local records and information systems. criminal justice strategies to achieve safe The National Crime Victimization communities. Its goals are to promote Survey (NCVS) is the second largest effective, innovative crime control and ongoing household survey undertaken by prevention strategies; to demonstrate and the Federal Government, and is the only promote replication of effective crime national forum for victims to control programs which support public/ systematically describe how crime affects

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00349 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 350 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

them and the characteristics of those improve and strengthen the criminal who committed the crime against them. justice system and reduce or prevent During a collection year, a nationally crime. It also conducts national representative sample of more than demonstration projects that employ 100,000 persons residing in about innovative or promising approaches for 49,000 households is interviewed by improving criminal justice, and develops representatives of the Bureau of the new technologies to fight crime and Census in order to obtain data on the improve criminal justice. impact, frequency, and consequences of The Institute conducts evaluations to criminal victimization in the United determine the effectiveness of criminal States. justice programs, particularly programs Other statistical series cover funded by the Bureau of Justice populations under correctional Assistance and Crime Act Program supervision, Federal criminal offenders offices within the Office of Justice and case processing, criminal justice Programs and the Community Oriented expenditures and employment, felony Policing Services (COPS) Office, and convictions, pretrial release practices, identifies programs that promise to be characteristics of correctional successful if continued or replicated in populations, prosecutorial practices and other jurisdictions. For example, it has policies, profile of civil cases, and the evaluated the effectiveness of innovative administration of law enforcement drug control programs, including agencies and correctional facilities. community-oriented policing, The Bureau maintains more than two community antidrug initiatives, Weed dozen major data collection series and and Seed, multijurisdictional task forces, publishes a wide variety of reports and drug testing programs. annually which receive nationwide The Institute’s evaluations of new distribution. approaches for holding offenders The Bureau supports a statistical accountable for their crimes has component in the National Criminal provided invaluable information Justice Reference Service. The Bureau of regarding such programs as drug courts, Justice Statistics Clearinghouse provides bootcamps, youth challenge camps, reference services for people requesting intensive community supervision, information, maintains a mailing list, and specialized probation, and prison work- distributes Bureau publications. release programs. The Bureau also manages the Drugs In addition, NIJ works to fulfill the and Crime Clearinghouse, funded by the information needs of the criminal justice Office of National Drug Control Policy, system by publishing and disseminating which disseminates BJA, ONDCP, and reports and other materials from its other drug-related crime documents; research, demonstration, evaluation, and serves as the sole repository with public other programs; provides training and access for the BJA State Drug Control technical assistance to justice officials on Strategies and the individual U.S. innovations developed through its attorneys’ reports; produces national programs; and serves as the national and directories of State and local drug-related international clearinghouse of justice agencies, topical fact sheets, information for Federal, State, and local bibliographies, and other special reports; governments. maintains a library and database; and For further information, contact the National responds to telephone, mail, and Criminal Justice Reference Service. Phone, 1–800– electronic requests for information. 851–3420. For further information, contact the Bureau of Office of Juvenile Justice and Justice Statistics. Phone, 800–732–3277 (toll-free). Internet, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Delinquency Prevention The Office was created by the Juvenile Justice and National Institute of Justice (NIJ) The Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 Institute sponsors research and U.S.C. 5601) in response to national development programs designed to concern about juvenile crime. It is the

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00350 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 351

primary Federal agency for addressing The Information Dissemination Unit juvenile crime and delinquency and the conducts a wide variety of information problem of missing and exploited dissemination activities for the Office in children. The Office is comprised of five support of its statutory mandate to serve divisions. as a clearinghouse and information The State Relations and Assistance center for the preparation, publication, Division oversees the Formula Grants and dissemination of information on Program. States can receive formula juvenile delinquency and missing grants and technical assistance to help children. The Unit also monitors the implement delinquency prevention, operations of the Juvenile Justice control, and system improvement Clearinghouse, which collects, stores, programs, including the core and disseminates the Office’s and other requirements of the Juvenile Justice and juvenile justice-related publications. The Delinquency Prevention Act. The toll-free telephone number is 1–800– Division also administers the Title V 638–8736. Prevention Incentive Grants Program and Programs The Concentration of Federal the State Challenge Grants Program. Efforts Program and the Missing Beginning in 1998, the division will also Children’s Program are also under the administer the Juvenile Accountability Office’s direction. The Concentration of Incentive Block Grant Program and the Federal Efforts Program coordinates formula grant component of the Federal programs dealing with juvenile Combating Underage Drinking Program. delinquency and assists Federal agencies The Special Emphasis Division that have responsibility for delinquency provides funds directly to public and prevention and treatment. It also promotes interagency cooperation in private nonprofit agencies and eliminating duplicate efforts and individuals to foster new approaches to provides direction for the use of Federal delinquency prevention and control and resources in facilitating a the improvement of the juvenile justice comprehensive, unified Federal juvenile system. The Division focuses on such justice policy. areas as serious, violent, and chronic The Missing Children’s Program was juvenile offenders; gangs; at-risk female created in 1984 by the Missing juvenile offenders; and school dropouts. Children’s Assistance Act to provide The Research and Program Federal leadership in ensuring that every Development Division sponsors research practical step is taken in recovering and studies about national trends in missing children, reuniting them with juvenile delinquency and drug use, their families, and prosecuting abductors. serious juvenile crime, the causes of The Program serves as a central focus for delinquency, prevention strategies, research, data collection, policy program evaluation, and improvement of development, training professionals in the juvenile justice system. It is also the field, and providing information responsible for program evaluation, about missing and exploited children. It statistics, and demonstration programs. also funds the National Center for The Training and Technical Assistance Missing and Exploited Children, which Division funds training for juvenile operates a national toll-free telephone justice practitioners, policymakers, and line and serves as a national information organizations and provides technical clearinghouse. assistance in planning, funding, Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) The establishing, operating, and evaluating Office serves as the Justice Department’s juvenile delinquency programs. In chief advocate for crime victims and addition, the Division administers their families. This includes carrying out juvenile court and prosecutor training, the activities mandated by the Victims of court-appointed special advocates, and Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA), as amended children’s advocacy center programs (42 U.S.C. 10601 note); monitoring under the Victims of Child Abuse Act of compliance with the provisions 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13001). regarding assistance for Federal crime

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00351 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 352 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

victims of the Victim and Witness authorized by the Violence Against Protection Act of 1982; and Women Act of 1994. implementing the recommendations of These programs assist the Nation’s the President’s Task Force on Victims of criminal justice system to respond to the Crime, and the Attorney General’s Task needs and concerns of women who have Force on Family Violence. been, or potentially could be, victimized A Crime Victims Fund was created by by violence. The programs emphasize VOCA in the U.S. Treasury to provide enhanced delivery of services to women Federal financial assistance to State victimized by violence, and work to governments to compensate and assist strengthen outreach efforts to minorities victims of crime. Monies in the fund and disabled women. The Office come from fines and penalties assessed provides technical assistance to State on convicted Federal defendants. The and tribal government officials in Office awards grants to States to planning innovative and effective compensate crime victims for expenses, criminal justice responses to violent such as medical costs, resulting from crimes committed against women. The their victimization. Grants also are Office provides Indian tribal awarded to State governments to support governments with funds to develop and State and local programs that provide strengthen the tribal justice system’s response to violent crimes committed direct assistance to crime victims and against Native American women through their families. Priority for victim a discretionary grant program. assistance funds is given to programs Drug Court Program Office The Drug providing direct services to victims of Court Program Office was established to sexual assault, spouse abuse, and child support the development and abuse. States also must use grant funds implementation of effective Drug Court to assist previously underserved victim programming at the State, local, and populations, such as victims of drunk tribal level. The Office administers the drivers or the families of homicide Drug Court Grant Program as authorized victims. by Title V of the Violent Crime Control A small portion of the Crime Victims and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Fund is available to support services for This discretionary grant program victims of Federal crimes. Programs assists local units of government in the under this initiative have focused on planning, implementation, and developing victim assistance services for improvement of Drug Courts which Federal crime victims in Indian country, target non-violent, drug-involved creating a Federal crime victim offenders. The Office strives to assistance fund for use by U.S. attorneys strengthen existing Drug Courts and offices to pay for emergency services for develop new Drug Courts, encouraging Federal crime victims, and assisting them to provide continuing judicial Native American child abuse victims. supervision, mandatory periodic testing In addition, each year OVC sponsors for substance abuse among clients, National Crime Victims’ Rights Week to substance abuse treatment, offender increase public awareness of crime supervision, management and aftercare, victims’ special needs and to honor combined with appropriate sanctions for those who work on behalf of victims. failure to comply with program The OVC Resource Center, which requirements. The Office works closely provides information concerning victims with agencies and organizations issues to victims advocates, criminal involved in the areas of justice and justice practitioners, and the public, is recovery. The Office also develops and funded by OVC. The Center may be delivers appropriate technical assistance reached toll-free on 1–800–627–6872. and training to enhance the effectiveness Violence Against Women Grants Office and operation of both existing and new The Violence Against Women Grants Drug Courts. Office administers the Department’s Corrections Program Office The formula and discretionary grant programs Corrections Program Office provides

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00352 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 353

leadership and assistance to State and correctional policies and ‘‘best local governments related to correctional practices.’’ policy and programs designed to reduce Executive Office for Weed and crime, increase public safety, and restore Seed The Executive Office for Weed and integrity to sentencing practices for Seed administers the Department’s violent offenders. The Office administers premier community-based public safety correctional programs authorized by the program. Operation Weed and Seed is a Violent Crime Control and Law comprehensive, community-based Enforcement Act of 1994, as amended, strategy to ‘‘weed out’’ violent crime, including the Violent Offender gang activity, drug trafficking, and drug Incarceration/Truth in Sentencing and use, and ‘‘seed in’’ neighborhood Residential Substance Abuse Treatment revitalization. Programs are implemented for State Prisoners Programs. through the leadership of U.S. attorneys The Violent Offender Incarceration/ working closely with community officials Truth in Sentencing Program provides and residents. By bringing together law formula grant funds to the States to build enforcement, businesses, schools, and and expand correctional facilities to community residents, Weed and Seed increase secure space for the neighborhoods have succeeded in confinement of violent offenders and the achieving long-term, positive change. implementation of truth in sentencing The Executive Office for Weed and Seed laws. The Residential Substance Abuse works closely with OJP’s other bureaus Treatment Program is designed to reduce and offices, which fund model programs drug and criminal activity among in Weed and Seed sites from which offenders released back into the other communities can learn promising community by producing formula grant approaches to solving problems affecting funds to develop and expand substance residents and their neighborhoods. The abuse treatment programs for offenders Weed and Seed Program is funded while incarcerated in State and local through a congressional earmark from correctional facilities. Byrne Discretionary Grant Program. The Corrections Program Office also provides technical assistance and For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Office of Justice training to State and local correctional Programs, Department of Justice, 810 Seventh policymakers and practitioners to Street NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202– encourage the adoption of sound 307–0781.

Boards Executive Office for Immigration immigration laws, and the Office of Review Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices, the agency Falls Church, VA 22041. Phone, 703–305– 0289. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/eoir/. charged with the enforcement of the anti-discrimination provisions of the The Attorney General has delegated Immigration Reform and Control Act. certain powers and authorities for the The Executive Office for Immigration administration and interpretation of the Review includes the Board of Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 Immigration Appeals, the Office of the (8 U.S.C. 1101) and other Federal Chief Immigration Judge, and the Office immigration laws to the Executive Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing for Immigration Review, which is Officer. It is headed by a Director, who completely independent of and separate is responsible for the immediate from both the Immigration and supervision of these components and Naturalization Service, the agency who reports to the Deputy Attorney charged with the enforcement of the General.

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00353 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 354 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Board of Immigration Appeals The courts throughout the Nation. Board of Immigration Appeals is a quasi- Immigration judges are responsible for judicial body composed of 18 members conducting formal administrative including the Chair and Vice Chair, and proceedings and act independently in a Chief Attorney-Examiner who is also their decisionmaking capacity. Their an alternate Board Member. decisions are administratively final, The Board hears oral arguments at its unless appealed or certified to the Board. Falls Church, VA, location. A staff of Through its Criminal Alien Institutional attorney advisors assists the Board in the Hearing Program, the Office currently preparation of decisions. has programs in all 50 States, Puerto The Board has been given nationwide Rico, the District of Columbia, and jurisdiction to hear appeals of decisions selected municipalities and Bureau of made by immigration judges and by Prison facilities to adjudicate the district and center directors of the immigration status of alien inmates Immigration and Naturalization Service. incarcerated by Federal, State, and In addition, the Board is responsible for municipal correction authorities as a hearing appeals involving disciplinary result of convictions for criminal offense. actions against attorneys and In removal proceedings, an representatives before the Service and immigration judge determines whether the Board. an individual from a foreign country Decisions of the Board are binding on should be admitted or allowed to stay in all Service officers and immigration the United States or be removed. Judges judges unless modified or overruled by are located throughout the United States, judicial review in the Federal courts. The and each judge has jurisdiction to majority of appeals reaching the Board consider various forms of relief available involve orders of removal and under the law, including applications for application for relief from removal. asylum. Other cases before the Board include the Office of the Chief Administrative removal of aliens applying for admission Hearing Officer The Office is to the United States, petitions to classify responsible for the general supervision of the status of alien relatives for the administrative law judges in the issuance of preference immigrant visas, performance of their duties under 8 fines imposed upon carriers for the U.S.C. 1324a–1324c. Administrative law violation of the immigration laws, and judge proceedings are mandated by the motions for reopening and Immigration and Nationality Act and reconsideration of decisions previously concern allegations of unlawful rendered. employment of aliens, unfair Following a review of the record and immigration-related employment research into questions of law raised by practices, and immigration document the parties, an attorney-adviser drafts a fraud. proposed order for consideration of the Board members, frequently conferring For further information, contact the Office of with individual Board members Public Affairs, Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of Justice, Falls Church, VA concerning the proposed order. 22041. Phone, 703–305–0289. Internet, http:// Attorney-advisers also assist in various www.usdoj.gov/eoir/. administrative and support functions. In addition to developing expertise in the United States Parole Commission field of immigration law, they are often called upon to analyze questions of 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Chevy Chase, constitutional law, State, Federal, and MD 20815. Phone, 301–492–5990 foreign civil and criminal law. The Parole Commission presently Office of the Chief Immigration consists of three members, appointed by Judge The Office of the Chief the President with the advice and Immigration Judge provides overall consent of the Senate. It has sole direction for the 209 immigration judges authority to grant, modify, or revoke located in approximately 52 immigration paroles of eligible U.S. prisoners serving

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00354 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 355

sentences of more than one year, expand to five members. In subsequent including military prisoners and D.C. years, pursuant to this same legislation, Code prisoners housed in Federal the Parole Commission will assume from institutions. It is responsible for the the D.C. Board the functions of supervision of parolees and prisoners supervising and revoking the paroles released upon the expiration of their granted to D.C. offenders. The sentences with allowances for statutory Commission will also supervise D.C. good time, and the determination of Code offenders placed on supervised supervisory conditions and terms. release and revoke supervised release Probation officers supervise parolees and terms for violation. mandatory releases under the direction For further information, contact the Office of the of the Commission. Chairman, United States Parole Commission, Under the Labor Management Department of Justice, 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 Chevy Chase, MD 20815. Phone, 301–492–5990. (29 U.S.C. 401), the Commission Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/uspc/parole.htm. determines whether or not persons convicted of certain crimes may serve as Office of Community Oriented officials in the field of organized labor or Policing Services in labor-oriented management positions; The Office of Community Oriented likewise, under the Employment Policing Services (COPS) was created Retirement Income and Security Act of with the passage of the Violent Crime 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1111), the Commission Control and Law Enforcement Act of determines whether or not such persons 1994 to achieve several goals: to may provide services to or be employed advance the philosophy of community by employment benefit plans. The policing as a national law enforcement Commission has also had jurisdiction strategy; to deploy 100,000 new police since 1977 to set release dates for U.S. officers in community policing roles; to citizens who are returned to the United reinforce partnerships that will sustain States, pursuant to treaty, to serve foreign community policing; and to evaluate and criminal sentences. For offenders who demonstrate the effectiveness of committed their crimes after November community policing to improve the 1, 1987, the Commission applies the quality of life by reducing the levels of guidelines of the U.S. Sentencing disorder, violence, and crime in our Commission. communities. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 The primary activity of the COPS (98 Stat. 2032) abolished parole Office is the awarding of competitive, eligibility for Federal offenders who discretionary grants directly to law commit offenses on or after November 1, enforcement agencies across the United 1987. It also provided for the abolition States and its territories. Over the life of of the Commission on November 1, the COPS Office, approximately $8 1992. However, the Judicial billion in grant funding will be made Improvements Act of 1990 (104 Stat. available to achieve these goals. 5089) and the Parole Commission The COPS Office is headed by a Phaseout Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. 4201 Director, appointed by the Attorney note) extended the Commission in 5-year General, and is organized into several increments, through November 1, 2002. divisions. The Grants Administration In the National Capital Revitalization Division is responsible for developing and Self-Government Improvement Act and designing new programs to provide of 1997 (111 Stat. 712), Congress resources for the hiring of new officers transferred the function of granting or and to further the adoption and denying parole for all District of implementation of community policing, Columbia Code offenders, wherever reviewing grant applications, maintaining imprisoned, to the Parole Commission liaison with the Office of Justice from the District of Columbia Board of Programs for financial review of Parole, effective August 5, 1998. This act applications, monitoring grant awards, also authorized the Commission to developing and maintaining databases to

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00355 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 356 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

support policymaking, participating in management to acquire and maintain the evaluation of the grant programs, space, provide security, and procure and coordination of the Office’s research supplies, equipment, telephones, and agenda. Within the Grants other services; and information resource Administration Division are the Police management. Hiring section and the Program Planning, Research and Evaluation Office of Intergovernmental Affairs section. The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs is The Training and Technical Assistance responsible for advising the Attorney Division is responsible for coordinating General and other leadership and senior the provision of training and technical Department officials on matters affecting assistance to advance the adoption, the Department of Justice’s relationship implementation and sustaining of with State and local government and the community policing in the thousands of advocacy groups which represent these communities served by the COPS Office. entities. The Office consists of a The Legal Division is responsible for Director, principal Deputy Director, providing legal advice to the Director three Deputy Directors, and two support and other functional areas of the COPS staff. All professional staff are attorneys. Office, and for ensuring compliance with the legal requirements applicable to the For further information, contact the Office of activities of the COPS Office. Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of Justice, Room 1521 Main, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, The Congressional Relations Division Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–3465. assists Members of Congress in serving their constituents, thereby facilitating Foreign Claims Settlement greater dissemination of information Commission of the United States about COPS programs and activities, and provides input in program design and The Foreign Claims Settlement development and policy formulation so Commission of the United States is a that programs and policies reflect quasi-judicial, independent agency legislative intent and address within the Department of Justice which congressional needs. adjudicates claims of U.S. nationals The Communications Division against foreign governments, either provides ongoing information about under specific jurisdiction conferred by community policing and COPS programs Congress or pursuant to international through every available channel of claims settlement agreements. The communication, including timely and decisions of the Commission are final accurate responses to media inquiries, and are not reviewable under any interviews, public events, publications standard by any court or other authority. and related materials produced by and Funds for payment of the Commission’s for any telecommunication format. awards are derived from congressional The Intergovernmental and Public appropriations, international claims Liaison Division maintains channels for settlements, or the liquidation of foreign communication and feedback regarding assets in the United States by the COPS programs with representatives of Departments of Justice and the Treasury. interested local, State, and national The Commission also has authority organizations and with local elected under the War Claims Act of 1948, as officials. amended, to receive, determine the Finally, the Administrative Division validity and amount, and provide for the provides support services to the COPS payment of claims by members of the Office, including resource management U.S. armed services and civilians held as to recruit, train, and maintain a prisoners of war or interned by a hostile professional workforce; fiscal resource force in Southeast Asia during the management to perform the accounting Vietnam conflict, or by the survivors of and budget formulation and execution such service members and civilians. functions necessary to administer the Finally, the Commission is responsible COPS appropriation; facilities for maintaining records and responding

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00356 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 357

to inquiries related to the various claims The Commission’s organization and programs it has conducted against the functions are defined in the International Governments of Yugoslavia, Panama, Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, amended (22 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.), and Italy, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, the War Claims Act of 1948, as Cuba, the German Democratic Republic, amended (50 U.S.C. app. 2001 et seq.). the People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, For further information, contact the Office of the Ethiopia, Egypt, Iran, and Albania, as Chair, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Department of Justice, Suite 6002, well as those authorized under the War 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20579. Phone, Claims Act of 1948, and other statutes. 202–616–6975. Fax, 202–616–6993.

Sources of Information

Controlled Substances Act Registration whose addresses are listed in the front of Information about registration under the most local telephone directories. Controlled Substances Act may be Immigration and Naturalization obtained from the Registration Section of Service: Central Office, 425 I Street the Drug Enforcement Administration, NW., Washington, DC 20536 (phone, P.O. Box 28083, Central Station, 202–514–2530); or any regional or Washington, DC 20038. Phone, 202– district office. 307–7255. Drug Enforcement Administration: Disability-Related Matters Contact the regional offices, laboratories, or Civil Rights Division’s ADA Hotline. Washington Headquarters Office of Phone, 800–514–0301. TDD, 800–514– Personnel. 0383. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ Bureau of Prisons: Central Office, 320 ada/adahom1.htm. First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534 Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse (phone, 202–307–3082); or any regional Phone, 800–666–3332 (toll-free). or field office. Office of Justice Programs, 633 Electronic Access Information Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC concerning Department of Justice 20531. Phone, 202–307–0730. programs and activities is available United States Trustee Program, Room electronically through the Internet, at 770, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC http://www.usdoj.gov/. 20530. Phone, 202–616–1000. Employment The Department maintains Foreign Claims Settlement an agencywide job line. Phone, 202– Commission: Attorneys: Office of the 514–3397. Chief Counsel, Suite 6002, 600 E Street Attorneys’ applications: Director, NW., Washington, DC 20579 (phone, Office of Attorney Personnel 202–616–6975); Other: Administrative Management, Department of Justice, Officer, same address and phone. Room 6150, Tenth Street and Housing Discrimination Matters Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Contact the Civil Rights Division’s DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–1432. Housing and Civil Enforcement Section. Assistant U.S. attorney applicants should Phone, 800–896–7743. apply to individual U.S. attorneys. Immigration-Related Employment United States Marshals Service: Field Matters The Civil Rights Division Staffing Branch, United States Marshals maintains a Worker Hotline. Phone, Service, Department of Justice, 600 800–255–7688. TDD, 800–237–2515. It Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202– also offers information for employers. 4210. Phone, 800–255–8155. TDD, 800–362– Federal Bureau of Investigation: 2735. Director, Washington, DC 20535, or any Publications and Films The FBI Law of the field offices or resident agencies Enforcement Bulletin and Uniform Crime

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00357 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 358 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Reports—Crime in the United States are Guidelines on Court-Appointed Citizens available from the Superintendent of Monitoring Commissions in School Documents, Government Printing Office, Desegregation are available upon Washington, DC 20402. request from the Public Information The Annual Report of the Attorney Office, Community Relations Service, General of the United States is published Department of Justice, Washington, DC each year by the Department of Justice, 20530. Washington, DC 20530. A limited number of drug educational Approximately nine textbooks on films are available, free of charge, to citizenship, consisting of teachers civic, educational, private, and religious manuals and student textbooks at various groups. reading levels, are distributed free to A limited selection of pamphlets and public schools for applicants for brochures is available. The most widely citizenship and are on sale to all others requested publication is Drugs of Abuse, from the Superintendent of Documents, an identification manual intended for Government Printing Office, professional use. Single copies are free. Washington, DC 20402. Public schools Copies of the Foreign Claims or organizations under the supervision of Settlement Commission’s semiannual public schools which are entitled to free (through December 1966) and annual textbooks should make their requests to (from January 1967) reports to the the appropriate Immigration and Congress concerning its activities are Naturalization Service Regional Office available at the Commission in limited (See appropriate section of this manual quantities. for mailing addresses.). For general Reading Rooms Located in information, call 202–514–3946. Washington, DC, at: U.S. Department of The Freedom of Information Act Guide Justice, Room 6505, Tenth Street and and Privacy Act Overview and the Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Freedom of Information Case List, both DC 20530 (phone, 202–514–3775). published annually, are available from Bureau of Prisons, 320 First Street NW., the Superintendent of Documents, 20534 (phone, 202–307–3029); Government Printing Office, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Washington, DC 20530; and in 425 I Street NW., 20536 (phone, 202– electronic format through INTERNET– 514–2837); Foreign Claims Settlement Library of Congress. ISBN 0–16–042921– Commission, 600 E Street NW., 20579 8. (phone, 202–616–6975). Also at the U.S. FOIA Update (Stock No. 727–002– Parole Commission, 5550 Friendship 00000–6), published quarterly, is Boulevard, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 available free of charge to FOIA offices (phone, 301–492–5959); Board of and other interested offices Immigration Appeals, Suite 2400, 5107 Governmentwide. This publication is Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 also available from the Superintendent of (phone, 703–305–0168); some of the Documents, Government Printing Office, Immigration and Naturalization Service Washington, DC 20402; and in district offices; and the National Institute electronic format through INTERNET– of Justice, 9th Floor, 633 Indiana Avenue Library of Congress. NW., Washington, DC 20531 (phone, Guidelines for Effective Human 202–307–5883). Relations Commissions, Annual Report Redress for Wartime Relocation/ of the Community Relations Service, Internment Contact the Civil Rights Community Relations Service Brochure, Division’s Office of Redress CRS Hotline Brochure, Police Use of Administration. Helpline phone, 202– Deadly Force: A Conciliation Handbook 219–6900. TDD, 202–219–4710. for Citizens and Police, Principles of Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/. Good Policing: Avoiding Violence Reference Service In 1972, the Between Police and Citizens, Resolving National Institute of Justice established Racial Conflict: A Guide for the National Criminal Justice Reference Municipalities, and Viewpoints and Service (NCJRS). All five OJP bureaus

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00358 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 359

now support NCJRS, a clearinghouse of Under contracts with OJP bureaus, the information and publications concerning National Criminal Justice Reference OJP programs and other information of Service also operates the Drugs and interest to the criminal justice Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, community. The Office’s National the Bureau of Justice Assistance Institute of Justice, which has supported Clearinghouse, the Justice Statistics the clearinghouse for almost 20 years, Clearinghouse, the Juvenile Justice provides most of the funding for the Clearinghouse, the National Victims National Criminal Justice Reference Resource Center, and the Construction Service. Police, corrections agencies, Information Exchange. All the Service’s courts, criminal justice planners, juvenile clearinghouses may be contacted on justice practitioners, community crime 800–851–3420 (toll-free); or in the prevention groups, and others needing Washington, DC, metropolitan area on information for planning and problem 301–251–5500. solving in criminal justice can refer to The NCJRS Electronic Bulletin Board, this international information service with 3,000 registered users, makes specially designed to assist the justice NCJRS’ services available online. The community. Bulletin Board may be accessed by The National Criminal Justice modem on 301–738–8895. Reference Service provides information from its computerized data base system Organizations and individuals may free or at a minimal cost to users register to receive information from the through a variety of products and National Criminal Justice Reference services including the bimonthly NIJ Service by writing NCJRS, Box 6000, Catalog, which contains abstracts of 1600 Research Boulevard, Rockville, significant additions to the data base and MD 20850. pertinent information and a Calendar of Small Business Activities Contract Events announcing upcoming training information for small businesses can be courses and conferences; selected obtained from the Office of Small and hardcopy documents upon request; three Disadvantaged Business Utilization, types of data base search packages; Department of Justice, Tenth Street and various microfiche products; and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, referrals to other information sources. DC 20530. Phone, 202–616–0521.

For further information concerning the Department of Justice, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202– 514–2007. TDD, 202–786–5731. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/.

VerDate 18-JUN-99 07:42 Jul 27, 1999 Jkt 185193 PO 00000 Frm 00359 Fmt 6995 Sfmt 6995 D:\DOCS\185193.037 APPS10 PsN: APPS10