DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rev. Gilbert Austin's "Chironomia". Alban Fordesh Varnado Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rev. Gilbert Austin's Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1955 The Rev. Gilbert Austin's "Chironomia". Alban Fordesh Varnado Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the Speech and Rhetorical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Varnado, Alban Fordesh, "The Rev. Gilbert Austin's "Chironomia"." (1955). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8149. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/8149 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE REV. GILBERT AUSTIN'S GHIRONOMIA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech * Alban Fcrdesh Veraado A.B., Louisiana State University, 19^11 M,A,# Louisiana State University, IShl August, 19$h UMI Number: DP69527 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Dissertation Publishing UMI DP69527 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code uest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the master^ and doctorfs degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Library are available for inspection. Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author. Bibliographical references may be noted, but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission. Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work. A library which borrows this thesis for use by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions. LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 119-a A GiCNO\VL^l3SEMEINT3 The author wishes to express initially his gratitude to Dr* Giles W. Gray, director of this study, especially for the invaluable suggestions during its progress, and finally for the use of his personal library of rare books* The author also wishes to express his appreciation for help and encouragement to the members of his final committeeu Dr. Claud© M. Wise, Dr. Claude L. Shaver, Dr* Waldo Braden, Dr. Clinton Bradford, Dr. John £* Uhler, and Dr. T*. J. Olive. Appreciation is also due for assistance given the author to Jtiss Ruth Whiling and Miss Anne Beale Go Is an of the Reference Section, Hill Memorial library, Louisiana State University! to Mr, George Guidry, Jr., of the Microfilm Department, Hill Memorial Library! to Dr. H. W. Parke, of the Trinity College Library, Dublin, Ireland; and to Mies Geraldine Fitzgerald, Librarian of the Representative Body of the Church of Ireland# The author Is deeply indebted to Mr. Cj Stevens for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript; and, finally, the parents of the author should know that this study would not have been possible without their patience, understanding, and love# 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PACE ACiOKWM»3®NTS 11 ABSTRACT vl INTRODUCTION 1 I EIOGHAFHX OF QILBERT AUSTIN 3 II PREBSCESSORS OF AUSTIN IK RHETORIC 9 III AUSTIN'S THEORIES ON ELOCUTION 19 IV AUSTIN* ON THE VOICE 23 V AUSTIN* ON THE COUNTENANCE 36 VI AUSTIN* CHI THE MODES ADOPTED IN PUBLIC SPEAKING LO VII AUSTIN* ON GESTURE 1*6 VIII SUMMARY OF CHIRONOMIA 111 IX A SELECTION OF SUCCESSORS TOAUSTIN 117 X CONCLUSIONS ABOUT CHIROHOMIA AND ITS INFLUENCE 181* SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 189 APPENDIX 195 AUTOBIOGRAPHY 202 ill TAB IE OF XLLUSTFATI OHS PLATE PAGE I Positions of the Feet from Chironomia 51 II The Man in the Sober© from Chironofflia 53 i n Systematic Positions of the Arms from Chironomia 57 17 Positions of the Arras from Chironomia 59 V Positions of the Hands from Chironomia 62 71 Positions of the Hands from Chironomia 65 VII Disposition of the Fingers from Chironomia 67 VIII Positions of the Hands from Chironomia 70 IX Positions of the Body from Chironomia 72 X Synoptical Arrangement of the Symbolic Letter® 79 from Chironomia XI Synoptical Arrangement of the Symbolic Letter® 80 from Chironomia XII Synoptical Arrangement of the Symbolic Letters 81 from Chironomia XIII Synoptical Arrangement of the Symbolic Letters 82 from Chironomia XIV Synoptical Arrangement of the Symbolic Letters 83 from Chironomia XV "The Miser and Plutus" from Chironomia 81; XVI Complex Significant Gestures from Chironomia 102 XVII Complex Significant Gestures from Chironomia 105 XVIII General Scheme of Notation from Bell1 s Principles 133 of Elocution XIX General Scheme of Notation from BelHs Principles 13U of Elocution It XX General Schenk or Notation from Bell’s Prlnoiplea of Elocution XXI Table of Gesture from Vandenhoff*a The Art of Elocution XXII Table of Action and Gesture from Frobisher's Voice and Action X X I U Table of Action and Gesture from Frobisher’s Voice and Action XXIV Notation of Gesture from Frobisher's Voice and Action XXV Table of Gesture from Potter’s Manual of Beading XXVI The Man in the Sphere from Bacon*® Manual of Gesture XXVII Table of Zones from Fulton and Trueblood1 s Practical Elocution XXV111 The Man in the Sphere from Fulton and Trueblood1 ® Practical Elocution ABSTRACT In 1806 was published Chironomia a or a Treatise on Rhetorical Delivery by the Rev. Gilbert Austin of Dublin# As a work on rhetorical delivery* this book encompasses a discussion of the voice* -toe countenance, and gesture* A novel feature of this book is the system by which the various positions of the parts of the body can be symbolically represented* ITany books written in the field of elocution during the nine­ teenth century make reference to this book, and some were based directly upon it* In the light of its influence on these later books* ghlronoBiia is considered a work of sufficient importance to warrant a more careful study of it than has previously been made* The purpose of this study i3 to determine to what extent later writers on elocution had borrowed material from Chironomia* To do this it has been necessary to ascertain two things i (1) what sections in that book had been borrowed from other sources and what had been evolved independently by Austin* and (2) to what extent these theories were used by later writers# The sources for the material in Chironomia derive both from classical and contemporary writers. From them Austin extracted material as needed* H© wrote his treatise as a discussion of the fifth canon of rhetoric, pro— nuntiatio* This canon he understood to include voice and action* To Austin, oratory was composed of the voice* the countenance, and gesture* He discussed all of these in his book but concentrated on a complete development of gesture* In this, he advanced hie theory ©f a notation system for the positions of the parts of the body by which movements and postures might be represented by symbols* This notation system was the most original idea advanced by Austin, It was his signal contribution to the study of elocution and the principal idea which was influential on later works dealing with elocution* The influence of this book covers a period exceeding a hundred years, and during this period any book which presented a notation system of gesture exhibited the influence of Chironomia* vii XSTSGDOCfXGW la studying the history of elocution in England, and particularly la incri«t» during tho nineteenth oenfcury and even into the early part of tho twentieth, on# finds many references to Chironqmiatt or a Treatise on Rhetorical D>llnyyt^ written by the Howe rand Gilbert Austin of Dublin* and published in London in 1306, Many books on elocution written during the nineteenth century aade references to this book, and some were based directly upon itj it Is considered, therefore, a work of sufficient lm-* pertanoe to warrant a more careful study than has previously been made of it, and it will be the purpose of this study to determine its exact influence upon later books on elocution, This study proposes to be de­ voted specifloally to Chlroaomia and Its attendant influence upon American speech education from the time of its publication in 1306 until its influence is no longer apparent on elocutionary thought, theory or practise, la the past there have been other studies which mentioned Chironomia at length, but usually in connection with some other works of the seme period# so far as is known tills is the first study to be aade which alas to be devoted exclusively to Chironomia, The questions which this study proposes to answer are* (1) What elocutionary theories preceded Chironomia? (2) Who was the Reverend Gilbert Austin? (A) What souroes did Austin use in preparing Chironomia? (4) Why did he write Chironomia? (6) What were his theories on elocution? ^Gilbert Austin, Chironomiat or a Treatise on Rhetorical Polivoryg Comprehending many precepts, both ancient and modern, for the proper regulation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6 X 10.Three Lines .P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51530-6 - Rhetoric beyond Words: Delight and Persuasion in the Arts of the Middle Ages Edited by Mary Carruthers Index More information Index Abelard, Peter 133, 160, 174, 250–1, 275 and ductus 215, 216, 228, 239–43 Commentaria in Epistolam Pauli ad and memory 215–16, 231, 233, 239–43 Romanos 252–4 and scholasticism 20–8 Commentary on Boethius’ De differentiis arrangement (dispositio) in 36–8, 229–30 topicis 202, 251 as concept in rhetorical discourse 4, 26, 27, Easter liturgy for Paraclete 256–63 32, 190–1 Letter 5 257–8 borrows rhetorical vocabulary 4, 7, 36–7 on rhetoric 202, 251–63 compared to poetry 26, 190–1 accent see inflection Aristotle 24–5, 131 Accursius (Bolognese jurist) 125 influence of Physics and Metaphysics Ackerman, James S. 40 21–2, 24–5 acting 161–3, 166–7 on epistēmē, téchnē and empeiría 1–2 compared to oratory 10, 127, 157–8 on ethos, logos and pathos 7 masks and 158–9 Rhetoric 2, 7, 36, 127, 128 actio see delivery theory of causality 21–2, 24–5 Adam of Dryburgh (Adam Scot), De tripartite Topics 202 tabernaculo 233, 242 Arnulf of St Ghislain 65 Aelred of Rievaulx (abbot) 124, 133–5 arrangement (dispositio) De spiritali amicitia 134 and ductus 196, 199–206, 229–30, 263 agency as mapping 191–2 of audiences 2, 165–6 Geoffrey of Vinsauf on 190–2 of ductus 199–206 in architecture 36–8, 229–30 of roads 191 personified as ‘Deduccion’ 205–6 of the work itself 201–2 Quintilian on 4, 230 shared by composer and performer 88 see also consilium; ductus; maps, mapping; Agrippa (Roman emperor) 281–3
    [Show full text]
  • Rhetorik Und Aufmerksamkeit. Die Fünf Officia Oratoris (PDF)
    Rhetorik und Aufmerksamkeit. Die fünf officia oratoris (Melanie Möller, FU Berlin) Terminologie der Aufmerksamkeit: • gr. : προσέχειν (τòν νοῦν) • attendere, intendere, contendere, (tendere) • anim(um) advertere • erigere, incitare, excitare, movere • videre, audire • observare, intueri Dialogi Berolinenses 2018: „Rhetorik und Aufmerksamkeit“ (Melanie Möller) 2 Rezeptionshaltungen: benivolus, attentus, docilis Prozess der „Interattention“ (B. Waldenfels, Phänomenologie der Aufmerksamkeit, Frankfurt a.M. 2004) Dialogi Berolinenses 2018: „Rhetorik und Aufmerksamkeit“ (Melanie Möller) 3 officia oratoris/partes rhetorices inventio „Auffindung“ dispositio „Anordnung“ elocutio „Vertextung“ memoria „Auswendiglernen“ (Mnemotechnik) actio/pronuntiatio „Vortrag“ Dialogi Berolinenses 2018: „Rhetorik und Aufmerksamkeit“ (Melanie Möller) 4 inv. 1, 9: partes autem eae, quas plerique dixerunt, „Die Teile aber sind diejenigen, die die meisten inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria, angeführt haben: Auffindung, Anordnung, pronuntiatio. inventio est excogitatio rerum stilistische Durchformung, Auswendiglernen, verarum aut veri similium, quae causam Vortrag. Beim ‚Auffinden‘ handelt es sich um das probabilem reddant; dispositio est rerum Ersinnen wahrer oder wahrheitsähnlicher inventarum in ordinem distributio; elocutio est Gegebenheiten, die den Fall plausibel machen idoneorum verborum ad inventionem sollen; unter ‚Anordnung‘ verstehen wir die accommodatio; memoria est firma animi rerum Verteilung der aufgefundenen Argumente auf ac verborum ad inventionem
    [Show full text]
  • Retorikkens Forarbejdningsfaser
    Takeaway Teaching: Mundtlig akademisk fremstilling v. Stine Heger og Helle Hvass (CUDiM) Handout 4 RETORIKKENS FORARBEJDNINGSFASER Retorik er læren om at kommunikere overbevisende, og retorik handler bl.a. om, hvordan man producerer overbevisende mundtlige oplæg. Produktionen sker ifølge retorikken i fem faser: Inventio: hvor man finder ud af, hvad man vil sige, og hvad man ikke vil sige Dispositio: hvor man ordner det, man vil sige, i en passende rækkefølge Elocutio: hvor man beslutter sig for, hvordan man helt præcis vil formulere sig Memoria: hvor man øver sig på at fremføre Actio: hvor man fremfører med tydelig stemmeføring og passende kropssprog Arbejdet i de fem faser har betydning for, hvor overbevisende det mundtlige oplæg bliver: Overbevisende mundtlige oplæg Inventio Det virker overbevisende, når afsender har et tydeligt fokus, således at modtager nemt kan sammenfatte essensen af oplægget, fx ved at svare på spørgsmålet: hvad vil afsender sige til mig og hvorfor? Det virker overbevisende, når afsender har få pointer og kun går i dybden med dem Det virker overbevisende, når afsender har et tydeligt formål med at holde oplægget Dispositio Det virker overbevisende, når begyndelsen giver modtager overblik over oplægget Det virker overbevisende, når afsender hjælper modtager til at overskue hoveddelen i oplægget Det virker overbevisende, når afsender slutter oplægget på en måde, så modtager er klar over, at nu er det slut – i modsætning til at afsender bare holder op med at tale Elocutio Det virker overbevisende, når sproget passer til modtager – og afsender fx definerer begreber, som modtager ikke kender eller måske ikke kan huske definitionen på Det virker overbevisende, når sproget passer til den mundtlige situation, hvor modtager fx har brug for konkrete eksempler og gentagelser af det vigtige Det virker overbevisende, når sproget både taler til modtagers forstand og sanser Takeaway Teaching: Mundtlig akademisk fremstilling v.
    [Show full text]
  • Oratoria, Retórica, Oralidad
    [Publicado en Oralia. Análisis del discurso oral, 2, 1999, pp. 7-25.] RETÓRICA Y ORALIDAD TOMÁS ALBALADEJO Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 1. RETÓRICA Y ORATORIA EN RELACIÓN CON LA ORALIDAD. La retórica nació como técnica de la construcción y comunicación oral de discursos lingüísticos con la finalidad de influir en los oyentes. La relación de la retórica con la oralidad es evidente desde sus orígenes y está apoyada por las denominaciones mismas que han recibido históricamente los distintos componentes de la comunicación retórica: 'rhétor' es la palabra que designa en griego al orador, 'akroatés' es el oyente y 'lógos', relacionado con 'légo' ('decir'), es el discurso. 'Rhétor' es traducido al latín por 'orator', 'akroatés' por 'auditor' y 'lógos' por 'oratio'. Por su parte, el nombre griego de la disciplina, 'tékhne rhetoriké', es traducido al latín por 'ars oratoria'. De este modo, 'tékhne rhetoriké' y 'ars oratoria', así como los sustantivos españoles 'retórica' y 'oratoria', funcionan como expresiones equivalentes. La retórica es definida por Quintiliano como «ars bene dicendi» (Quintiliano Institutio oratoria: 2, 17, 27), como arte o técnica de hablar bien, con la consiguiente asociación a la oralidad. La relación entre retórica y oralidad se hace patente en la expresión latina y española 'oratoria'. Sin embargo, las inicialmente equivalentes expresiones 'retórica' y 'oratoria' presentan una divergencia en la medida 2 en que el término 'retórica' se ha ido especializando para la configuración teórica de la técnica del discurso lingüístico persuasivo y 'oratoria' se ha concretado en la práctica comunicativa oral propia de esa técnica, si bien se trata de una divergencia que no es absoluta, pues pueden encontrarse empleos de 'retórica' y de 'oratoria' como sinónimos.
    [Show full text]
  • Elevator Pitch
    MONOGRÁFICO Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación ISSN: 1576-4737 https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac.66597 Rhetorical Analysis of a Discourse Model in the Business World: Elevator Pitch Javier de Santiago-Guervós1 Recibido: 14 de noviembre de 2019 / 24 de noviembre de 2019 Abstract. This paper proposes an analytical model for entrepreneurial pitches based on the five canons of rhetoric (i.e. invention, arrangement, style, memory and delivery), through the de- construction of the text from the discursive act itself (as conceived in the invention phase) to its actual production (i.e. delivery). The questions this methodology attempts to answer are why the pitch may be persuasive and how that persuasion is achieved by analyzing its discursive and linguistic characteristics; what ethical, rational or emotional arguments are appealed to; who the potential audience is, and what other multimodal resources are used to support the persuasive force of the text. In order to answer these questions, two pitches in Spanish are deconstructed and conclusions regarding their efficacy are drawn. Key words: Persuasion; rhetoric; discourse analysis. [es] Análisis retórico de un modelo de discurso en el ámbito comercial: Elevator Pitch Resumen. En este trabajo se propone un modelo analítico para un tipo de discurso comercial (Elevator Pitch) basado en los cinco cánones de la retórica clásica (inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria y actio). Partiendo de dos discursos opuestos desde el punto de vista de su eficacia, se pretende deconstruir el texto para comprender las razones del logro persuasivo (o de su fracaso) analizando sus características discursivas y lingüísticas desde el mismo momento de la planificación (estudio del destinatario, argumentos, etc.) hasta la puesta en escena pasando por una selección léxica (elocutio) perfectamente estudiada que pretende estimular marcos cognitivos de interpretación que apoyan la propia argumentación en favor de la persuasión del interlocutor.
    [Show full text]
  • Shadows and the Substance of Shakespearean Drama
    Shadows and the Substance of Shakespearean Drama by Janine Harper A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto © Copyright by Janine Harper 2018 Shadows and the Substance of Shakespearean Drama Janine Harper Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto 2018 Abstract England in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries was the stage for explorations of the physics of light and its representation in art. Although much critical attention has been paid to this interest in light, there has not yet been sufficient attention to the concurrent fascination with its absence as epitomized by shadows. I argue in this dissertation that the phenomenon of the shadow existed as a powerful trope for artistic and literary expression in the period; I conceive of the Renaissance shadow not, however, just as a figure of negativity or privation, but also as one of doubling and of excess in English usage. My study identifies three prominent and interconnected senses of shadows that are of special importance to Renaissance dramatists such as Shakespeare, Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Richard Brome, and John Webster. I investigate debates surrounding the nature of the “shades” of ghosts, familiars, and other supernatural phenomena as they are discussed by natural scientists and demonologists, and as they are staged in Hamlet, Macbeth, and The Late Lancashire Witches. The problems of imitation, subordination, and spectrality that haunt these plays also figure in staged relations of social “shadowing” that obtain between speakers and mediators in Measure for Measure and The Merchant of ii iii Venice, and between masters and servants in The Tempest and The Duchess of Malfi.
    [Show full text]
  • János S. Petőfi's Linguistic and Textual Theory and the Recovery of The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante Francisco Chico Rico, “János S. Petőfi’s Linguistic and Textual Theory and the Recovery of the Historical Thinking about Rhetoric”. In: Margarita Borreguero Zuloaga and Luciano Vitacolonna (eds.), The Legacy of János S. Petőfi: Text Linguistics, Literary Theory and Semiotics. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019: 110-131 (ISBN: 978- 1-5275-2310-4). János S. Petőfi’s linguistic and textual theory and the recovery of the historical thinking about Rhetoric Francisco Chico Rico (University of Alicante, Spain) Abstract The present paper carries out a study about the possibilities of mutual enrichment resulting from the interrelationship of the Text-Structure World-Structure Theory (TeSWeST, from the German “Text-Struktur Welt-Struktur Theorie”) by János S. Petőfi and the rhetorical model, that is, the explanatory system for the construction and communication of rhetorical discourse within the framework of the so-called rhetorica recepta, traditionally formed by the operations —partes artis or oratoris officia— of inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria and actio/pronuntiatio. More specifically, our aim is, on the one hand, to account for the enrichment of TeSWeST from the examination of rhetorical elocutio —an enrichment which also leads us to the need for a redefinition of the traditional rhetorical operations in the light of the components and categories of TeSWeST; and on the other, to try and explain the enrichment of the traditional rhetorical system through the recovery of the rhetorical operation of intellectio —from the review of historic texts dealing with rhetorical theory, such as Institutiones oratorias, by Sulpitius Victor, and De rhetorica liber, by Aurelius Augustinus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Proposal for Teaching the Literary Essay Through a Rhetorical Analysis
    A Proposal for Teaching the Literary Essay through a Rhetorical Analysis Margarita Esther Sánchez Cuervo, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain The European Conference on Literature and Librarianship 2014 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract The literary essay is a heterogeneous genre that may contain expository, narrative, descriptive and argumentative types of text. Due to its indefinite nature, it is difficult to find critical studies that develop an accurate understanding of the essay that may lead to an objective teaching of this genre. However, as an exemplar of the argumentative discourse, the literary essay can be studied following a rhetorical model of analysis. Rhetoric can be seen as a general model of text production and as an instrument of textual analysis. In this vein, some rhetorical principles related to inventio, dispositio and elocutio can be recognised in the construction of the modern essay. Inventio is concerned with the generation of arguments. Dispositio is related to the order of the arguments, and contains the partes orationis: exordium, narratio/expositio, argumentatio and conclusio. By means of elocutio, the students recognise the expressive devices that contribute to defining the style of the essay, such as rhetorical figures. To illustrate my proposal, I use several extracts from Virginia Woolf’s short essays. Woolf wrote a large number of literary reviews for the press that can be read following this rhetorical approach and that provide a rich source of arguments and rhetorical figures. In the course of my analysis, I offer undergraduate students of English language and literature some guidelines for the analysis. By using this model, these students can also acquire the training to examine other essays belonging to past and present essayists.
    [Show full text]
  • Studying and Teaching “Law As Rhetoric”: a Place to Stand
    Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law Scholarly Works Faculty Scholarship 2010 Studying and Teaching “Law as Rhetoric”: A Place to Stand Linda L. Berger University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub Part of the Legal Education Commons, Legal Writing and Research Commons, and the Other Law Commons Recommended Citation Berger, Linda L., "Studying and Teaching “Law as Rhetoric”: A Place to Stand" (2010). Scholarly Works. 664. https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/664 This Article is brought to you by the Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law, an institutional repository administered by the Wiener-Rogers Law Library at the William S. Boyd School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDYING AND TEACHING "LAW AS RHETORIC": A PLACE TO STAND Linda L. Berger* The first of these [attacks on rhetoric], the attack from above, argues for a politics of reason whose indisputable truths can only be obscured by the rhetorician's passionate appeals. This is the position that Socrates defends. The second, the attack from below, insists that the rhetorician's invocation of truth and justice is a sham, a technique for gaining power whose success requires that its practitioners either fail to understand what they are doing or deliberately conceal it. This is the line of attack forcefully pressed by Callicles ..... Gorgias stands between these two, between Socrates and Callicles, and the question is, does he have any ground on which to stand? Does the craft of rhetoric have a separate and legitimate place in human life, in between pure reason and pure power?' INTRODUCTION As they begin law study, students "undergo a linguistic rup- ture, a change in how they view and use language." 2 The change affects not only their understanding of language use, but also 3 their ideas about how the law works and its place for them.
    [Show full text]
  • Pronunciatio in the Music of Purcell and Handel
    Pronunciatio in the Music of Purcell and Handel Michael Purves-Smith Wilfrid Laurier University Classical rhetoric is of importance to singers. The Romans divided the subject into five parts. Pronunciatio, the last of these, covers all aspects of delivery. It is the territory of the voice teacher, and master of elocution, and, as actio, the home of the stage director and actor. Elocutio, the third part, is con- cerned with style and diction. It is the canon that contemporary rhetoricians are most interested in, and musicians should be as well. Of the early writers on rhetoric, Quintilianl wrote most on the subject of delivery. He invented rules to cover every conceivable aspect of performance, including gesture and attitude, proxemics, and the modulation and care of the voice. Mter him, the subject was frequently neglected by writers on rhetoric, presumably because it is better taught in the doing than in theory. Nonetheless, rhetorical delivery continued to be enthusiastically practised until very recently. Nowadays, neither performing musician nor rhetorician pays much atten- tion to pronunciatio. For the orator, taste forbids generous use of gesture, and sound amplification supplants voice modulation. Singers perform art song, one hand on the piano, the other employed in various attitudes of supplication, the face adapted to the demands of good voice production. The hands of choral soloists are usually occupied with music, and their faces devoted to making themselves heard. On stage, where gesture and flexible facial expression are always present, they are not systemized, but arise spontaneously from the effort to copy nature in order to convince the audience.
    [Show full text]
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Kerrie Lehman Carsey Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________ Director (Kate Ronald) _________________________________ Reader (Heidi McKee) _________________________________ Reader (James Porter) __________________________________ Graduate School Representative (Michael Pechan) ABSTRACT DELIVERING FAITH: TOWARD A NEW THEORY OF DELIVERY IN THE CONTEXT OF PREACHING by Kerrie Lehman Carsey This dissertation redefines delivery, the fifth canon of rhetoric, examining its traditionally low status in the field of rhetorical theory and employing the ancient art of preaching to reclaim delivery as a valuable site of persuasion. Throughout rhetorical history, the fifth canon has met strong and consistent denigration as mere ornament, or worse, a tool of manipulation. Its physical, noetic, and emotional elements render delivery resistant to classification and a unified theory for instruction. Even those who uphold delivery’s importance to the art of rhetoric, such as Cicero, seem to privilege invention as the dominant realm of persuasion. My work uses preaching as a lens, striving for a better understanding of how delivery, from the politicized space of the pulpit, functions in this genre of religious discourse. I argue that in the context of the live speech event, consideration of the speaker’s ethos, or character presentation, can best deepen our understanding of the effects of delivery upon an audience. As a rhetorical art, preaching offers fertile ground to study character presentation in the oratorical performance, and the ways delivery fosters assent and works to define group identity. Case study research at a Protestant church, involving taping sermons, interviews with the preacher, and focus group discussions with congregants explores the relational nature of delivery in discourse communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Audio Description, Rhetoric and Multimodality
    ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 949-956, September 2011 © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/jltr.2.5.949-956 Audio Description, Rhetoric and Multimodality Cristina Álvarez de Morales Facultad de Traducción e Interpretación, Universidad de Granada, Spain Email: [email protected] Abstract—This paper constitutes a theoretical reflection within the Project AMATRA of the University of Granada (Spain), part of the European Project Technological on-line framework to integrate the work flow of audiovisual accessible translation. We also are member of the Project PRA2 which is oriented towards creating a technological website platform open to any user, where people, regardless of the functional characteristics, can interact with any audiovisual resources. In the paper, we present the audio descriptive text as a new modern discourse, a coherent oral text and a speech act according to the five phases of Quintilian Rhetoric: inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria and actio. We also offer examples of the main tropes and figures that ornament the audio descriptive text and make it a rhetorical discourse. Index Terms—audio description, inventio, dispositio, elocutio, actio, rhetoric discourse I. INTRODUCTION AMATRA is a translation research group of the University of Granada with a theoretical interest in Access to Knowledge, Multimodality and Translation training. This interest led us to create a data base of films with Spanish audio description (AD) in order to analyze, through Multimodal Corpus Linguistics methods, the characteristics of Spanish AD. Results from this analysis have a professional and a didactic application. They serve the double purpose of being the basis to carry out AD reception experiments that may contribute to the improvement of existing AD guidelines, and a valuable set of reference materials for AD training, AD training teaching, as well as for AD professionals.
    [Show full text]