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Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) from Papua New Guinea Located in the Herbarium of the Australian National Botanical Gardens (CBG)

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Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) from Papua New Guinea Located in the Herbarium of the Australian National Botanical Gardens (CBG) Hattoria 2: 1－33，2011. Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) from Papua New Guinea located in the herbarium of the Australian National Botanical Gardens (CBG) Tadashi Suzuki1 and Zennoske Iwatsuki2 1The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Shimada Branch, 6480-3 Takasago-cho, Shimada-shi, Shizuoka-ken 427-0054, Japan 2The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Okazaki Branch, 10-3 Mutsuna-shin-machi, Okazaki-shi, Aichi-ken 444-0846, Japan Abstract. Collections of Fissidens made by the late Dr. Heinar Streimann in Papua New Guinea were found to include 40 species and 4 varieties. Three of these species―F. pseudautoicus, F. pseudojavanicus, and F. streimannii,―new to science, are described and illustrated, as are F. vanzanteni, F. hollianus var. asperisetus, F. flexifolius, F. asplenioides, and F. gedehensis. Additions to the Fissidens flora of New Guinea number 16 species and 3 varieties―F. angustifolius, F. bogoriensis, F. dietrichiae, F. capitulatus, F. hollianus var. asperisetus, F. incongnitus, F. kurzii, F. lagenarius, F. lautokensis, F. linearis var. linearis, F. pseudoceylonensis, F. punctulatus, F. rupicola, F. virens, F. oblongifolius var. hyophilus, F. pallidus, F. curvato-involutus, and F. teysmannianus. Key to the subgenera and sections, and species are provided. Introduction Bryologically, New Guinea is one of the most important islands in Melanesia. The 832 species of mosses enumerated by Schultze-Motel (1963) included 21 species of Fissidens. Norris & Koponen (1987) listed 25 species of Fissidens from the Huon Peninsula. The current report is based on 266 specimens of Fissidens collected by Dr. Heinar Streimann in Papua New Guinea and deposited in CBG. A total of 40 species and 4 varieties were found. Among these, three species are new to science, and 16 species and two varieties are new to the moss flora of New Guinea. Keys to the subgenera, sections and species, descriptions or references to descriptions, specimens examined, distributions, notes, and illustrations of 8 species are included. The subgenera and sections of Fissidens in Papua New Guinea The infrageneric classification of the genus Fissidens proposed by Suzuki & Iwatsuki (2007) was used in this study. 1 Peristome types 1. The Fissidens-type (Fig. 1, a). Upper portions of filaments spirally thickened. 2. The Moenkemeyera-type (Fig. 1, b). Peristome teeth papillose on upper parts; spiral thickenings absent. 3. The Neoamblyothallia-type (Fig. 1, c). Upper portions of filaments squamose. 4. The Pachyfissidens-type (Fig. 1, d). Upper portions of filaments nodes to appendiculate with fine longitudinal or oblique lines between nodes. Costa types 1. The Bryoides-type (Fig. 1, e－g). In cross-section of the vaginant laminae, costa is composed of three deuters, and a group of stereid cells on either side of the deuters. 2. The Nobilis-type (Fig. 1, h). The costa is composed of many deuters; areas of stereid cells are much larger than those of the Bryoides-type. 3. The Oblongifolius-type (Fig. 1, i). Costa of Fissidens oblongifolius and related species have three groups of stereid cells as seen in cross-section. Groups of stereid cells are located on either side of the deuters, similar to the arrangement found in the Bryoides-type, and an additional group of stereid cells is located near the junction of vaginant laminae. The deuters are almost or completely covered by stereid cells on the adaxial surface. Key to the subgenera and sections of Fissidens in Papua New Guinea 1. Peristome teeth Fissidens-type, Neoamblyothallia-type or Pachyfissidens-type ··························· 2 1. Peristome teeth Moenkemeyera-type ······························· subgen. Fissidens sect. Semilimbidium 2. Peristome teeth Fissidens-type or Neoamblyothallia-type; cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Bryoides-type or Oblongifolius-type ································································ 3 2. Peristome teeth Pachyfissidens-type; cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Nobilis-type or Bryoides-type ······················································ subgen. Pachyfissidens sect. Serridium 3. Peristome teeth Fissidens-type; cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Bryoides-type ·········· 4 3. Peristome teeth Neoamblyothallia-type; cross-sections of costa in the vaginant laminae Oblongifolius-type or Bryoides-type ············································································· 6 4. Leaves elimbate ······························································ subgen. Fissidens sect. Aloma 4. Leaves at least partly limbate ··················································································· 5 5. Limbidia present on apical, dorsal and vaginant laminae ··············· subgen. Fissidens sect. Fissidens 5. Limbidia limited to the vaginant laminae ·························· subgen. Fissidens sect. Semilimbidium 6. Axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Oblongifolius-type ··································· subgen. Neoamblyothallia sect. Neoamblyothallia 6. Axillary hyaline nodules prominent; cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Bryoides-type··· 2 ·································································· subgen. Neoamblyothallia sect. Crispidium I. Fissidens subgen. Fissidens Cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Bryoides-type and peristome teeth Fissidens-type or Moenkemeyera-type. Ia. Fissidens subgen. Fissidens sect. Fissidens Cross-section of costa in the vaginant laminae Bryoides-type; limbidia present on apical lamina, dorsal, and vaginant laminae; cells of apical lamina smooth or mammillose; peristome teeth Fissidens-type or Moenkemeyera-type. Key to the species 1. Leaves soft and flaccid; areolation of apical lamina lax, cells large, 16－45－(54) μm long, thin-walled ·········································································································· 2 1. Leaves firm; cells of apical lamina dense, isodiametric, usually less than 15 μm long, rarely more than 20 μm (if more than 20 μm long, then vaginant laminae unequal at upper end) ····················· 3 2. Densely foliated to the base of stem, leaves always imbricate; leaf margin elimbate or weakly limbate with 1－2 rows of elongate cells (often intralaminal), limbidium always 1 cell thick; plants rhizoautoicous ············································································ F. bogoriensis 2. Laxly foliated, leaves distant; leaf margin with distinct limbidium on all laminae, composed of linear, thick-walled cells, limbidium in cross-section 2－3 cells thick; plants dioicous ··· F. flaccidus 3. Laminal cells mammillose or unipapillose ······································································ 4 3. Laminal cells smooth ······························································································· 5 4. Plants laxy foliated; limbidium weak, ending below leaf apex; cells of apical lamijnae 5－8 μm long ····················································································· F. bryoides var. schmidii 4. Plants densely foliated; limbidium distinct to leaf apex; cells of apical lamina 6.5－10 μm long ····· ····································································································································· F. angustifolius 5. Limbidium usually stout and distinct on apical lamina, yellowish-brown on older leaves (especially when treated with KOH solution) ················································································· 6 5. Limbidium weak to distinct, usually colorless ·································································· 7 6. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; base of dorsal lamina decurrent; plants dioicous ··············· F. rigidulus 6. Leaves elliptical; base of dorsal lamina not decurrent; plants synoicous ·················· F. vanzanteni 7. Capsules curved, asymmetrical ······································································· F. beckettii 7. Capsules straight to inclined, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical ········································· 8 8. Cells at base of vaginant lamina much larger (up to 52 μm long) than those of apical lamina (12－ 22 μm long); axillary hyaline nodules distinct ·················································· F. zollingeri 8. Cells at base of vaginant laminae slightly larger (up to 27 μm long) than those of apical lamina (7 －14－(17) μm long), axillary hyaline nodules weakly differentiated or not ··········· F. dietrichiae 1. Fissidens angustifolius Sull., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 275 (1861). Syn. F. dixonianus E.B.Bartram, Bishop Mus. Occ. Pap. 19 (11): 220 (1948). Descriptions: Iwatsuki & Suzuki 1996, 143, f. II; Li & Iwatsuki 2001, 6; Pursell 2007, 3 221, f. 123. Specimen examined. Morobe Province, Divide Creek, 9 km WSW of Bulolo, 850 m alt., on bare ground, Streimann 24940. Distribution: Africa, La Réunion, Madagascar, Indonesia, China, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa, New Caledonia, and the Americas; new to New Guinea. This species is distinguished from other species in section Fissidens by a limbidium on all laminae; unipapillose laminal cells; and, enlarged, pellucid cells in the lower parts of the vaginant laminae. The species is close to F. zollingeri which differs by smooth laminal cells. 2. Fissidens beckettii Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 325 (1873). Syn. F. curvato-xiphioides Dixon et P.de la Varde, Arch. Bot. 1: 163 (1927). F. burmensis E.B.Bartram, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 23: 242 (1954). Selected descriptions:
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