Species of Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) Newly Found in Japan

Hattoria 4: 71－85, 2013

Species of Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) newly found in Japan

Tadashi Suzuki1 and Zennoske Iwatsuki2

1The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Shimada Branch, 6480-3 Takasago-cho, Shimada-shi, Shizuoka- ken 427-0054, Japan 2The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Okazaki Branch, 10-3 Mutsuna-shin-machi, Okazaki-shi, Aichi- ken 444-0846, Japan

Abstract. Six species of Fissidens, namely F. anomalus, F. crassipes, F. fasciculatus, F. ovatifolius, F. polyphyllus, and F. serrulatus, are added to the moss flora of Japan.

Introduction

Suzuki and Iwatsuki (2012) added 27 species to the Japanese Fissidens flora, bringing the total number to 74 species and 5 varieties. In this paper, we report six species of Fissidens, all of them are newly found in Japan. As a result, Fissidens in Japan includes 80 species and 5 varieties. All collections are deposited in the Herbarium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (NICH). Descriptions, specimens examined, distributions, notes, keys to the species, and illustrations of six species are included.

I. Fissidens subgen. Fissidens Ia. Fissidens subgen. Fissidens sect. Fissidens 1. Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp., Bryol. Eur. 1: 197. 100 (1849). Fig. 1. Plants light green to dark green, hydrophilous. Stems simple, 2.6－4.3 mm long, 1.4－ 2.3 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand slightly differentiated. Leaves in 5－8 pairs, upper leaves narrowly lanceolate, 1.2－2.0 mm long, 0.3－0.4 mm wide, acute; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, not decurrent; costa ceasing below apex, Bryoides-type; margin entire throughout; vaginant laminae about 2/3 of leaf length; limbidium stout, usually turning yellowish brown on older leaves when treated with KOH, ending below apex, 2－3 rows of elongate cells on dorsal laminae, 4－5 rows of elongate cells on vaginant laminae, 3 cells thick; lamina unistratose, cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 13－20 μm long, smooth, more or less weakly mammillose, moderately thick walled. Synoicous; synoecia terminal; setae terminal, 1.7－4.0 mm long; capsules erect and symmetrical; urns 0.5－1.0 mm long; exothecial cells rounded rectangular, 17.5－25.0 μm

71 long, 15.0－17.5 μm wide; opercula conical-rostrate, 0.3－0.4 mm long; peristome teeth 220 －270 μm long, 35－40 μm wide at base, Fissidens-type; spores 15－20 μm in diam., smooth; calyptrae campanulate, 0.4－0.6 mm long. Additional descriptions: Nyholm 1986, 9, f. 1A; Smith 2004, 252 f. 75, 9－10. Specimens examined: Honshu, Tochigi-ken, Yaita-shi, Kurakake, Oyamagaeri, 250 m alt., on rock, submerged in the spring water pond, Kamiyama 6684, 6785; Nikko-shi, Kuragasaki, 340 m alt., on clay soil by stream, Kamiyama 7766, 7796, 7798. Distribution: Africa, Europe, China and Australia; new to Japan (Honshu). This species is similar to F. geppii, both have limbidia that usually end below the leaf apex and which usually turn yellowish brown on older leaves treated with KOH. However, cells in the apical lamina of F. crassipes are larger (13－20 μm long) than those of F. geppii (5－13 μm long).

2. Fissidens ovatifolius Ruthe in Limpr., Laubm. Deutschl. III: 677 (1901). Fig. 2. Plants dull green. Stems simple, 3.0－5.3 mm long, 2.2－2.7 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand weakly differentiated. Leaves in 6－10 pairs, upper leaves elliptical, 1.4－1.9 mm long, 0.5－0.6 mm wide, widely acute and apiculate; dorsal lamina often ending well before insertion, base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, not decurrent; costa excurrent, Bryoides-type; margin entire throughout; vaginant laminae about 3/5 of leaf length; limbidium usually turning yellowish brown on older leaves when treated with KOH, ending below apex, often intralaminal in proximal part of vaginant laminae, 1－2 rows of elongate cells on dorsal laminae, 2－4 rows of elongate cells on vaginant laminae, 2 cells thick; lamina unistratose, cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 6－8 μm long, smooth, more or less weakly mammillose, thin walled. Male plants and sporophytes not found. Additional description: Bruggeman-Nannenga 1985, 99, f. 4. Specimens examined: Honshu, Tochigi-ken, Ashikaga-shi, Hata-gawa, 30 m alt., on soil bank by river, Noguchi 120629-4, Kamiyama 7033, 7037, T. Suzuki 61451. Distribution: Africa and Europe; new to Japan (Honshu). This species is characterized by elliptical, widely acute and apiculate leaves; limbidia that usually end below the apex and which usually turn yellowish brown on older leaves treated with KOH; excurrent costae; and smaller (6－8 μm long) cells in the apical lamina.

Key to the species of subgen. Fissidens sect. Fissidens in Japan

1. Leaves soft and flaccid; areolation of apical lamina lax, cells large, elongate 16－45－(54) μm long, thin walled ··········································································································· 2 1. Leaves firm; cells of apical lamina dense, isodiametric, usually less than 15 μm long, rarely more than 20 μm long, if more than 20 μm long, then vaginant lamina unequal at upper end ·················· 3

2. Leaves imbricate to the base of stem; leaf margins elimbate or weakly limbate with 1－2 rows of elongate cells (often intralaminal); limbidia always unistratose; plants rhizoautoicous ················

····································································································· F. bogoriensis 2. Leaves distant; leaf margins with distinct limbidia on all laminae, composed of linear, thick walled cells, limbidia 2－3 cells thick; plants dioicous ················································ F. flaccidus

3. Limbidia usually stout and distinct on apical laminae, yellowish brown or reddish on older leaves when treated with KOH ···························································································· 4 3. Limbidia weak to distinct, usually colorless··································································· 13

4. Perichaetia and setae lateral or terminal; leaves of lateral perichaetia much smaller than stem leaves ·············································································································· 5 4. Perichaetia and setae always terminal; perichaetial leaves as large as, or much larger than stem leaves ·············································································································· 6

5. Leaves oblong lanceolate, costae excurrent ····················································· F. coacervatus 5. Leaves elliptical, costae percurrent ······························································· F. inconstans

6. Leaves elliptical ···················································································· F. ovatifolius 6. Leaves not as above ······························································································ 7

7. Plants autoicous ····································································································· 8 7. Plants synoicous ····································································································· 9

8. Small plants, stems 1.8－3.0 mm long including leaves; plants rhizoautoicous ········ F. gracilifolius 8. Medium sized plants, stems 7.5－11.0 mm long including leaves; plants gonioautoicous F. curnovii

9. Cells of apical laminae small, 5－9 μm long and mammillose ··································· F. kimurae 9. Cells of apical laminae large, 7－20 μm long and smooth, but occasionally more or less mammillose · ······················································································································· 10

10. Costae percurrent or ceasing below apex, limbidia usually ending below apex ····················· 11 10. Costae excurrent, limbidia usually confluent with costae at apex ··························· F. rivularis

11. Costae ceasing below apex ····················································································· 12 11. Costae percurrent ························································································ F. rufulus

12. Cells of apical laminae 5－13 μm long ··························································· F. geppii 12. Cells of apical laminae 13－20 μm long ······················································ F. crassipes

13. Capsules straight to inclined, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical ····································· 14 13. Capsules curved, asymmetrical ················································································ 26

14. Perichaetia and setae lateral or terminal; leaves of lateral perichaetia much smaller than stem leaves ········································································································· 15

14. Perichaetia and setae always terminal; perichaetial leaves as large as, or much larger than stem leaves ········································································································· 17

15. Setae longer, 5.0－11.0 mm long ·································································· F. longisetus 15. Setae shorter, less than 3.5 mm long ·········································································· 16

16. Leaves imbricate, oblong ovate to oblong lanceolate; leaf apices obtuse and mucronate ··········· ································································································································· F. monguillonii 16. Leaves distant, lanceolate to linear lanceolate; leaf apices acute ··········· F. bryoides var. lateralis

17. Cells of apical laminae large, 7－22 μm long, and smooth, but occasionally more or less mammillose ····································································································· 18 17. Cells of apical laminae small, 4－10 μm long, and mammillose ······························· F. schmidii

18. Cells at base of vaginant laminae much larger, to 52 μm long, than those of apical laminae, 12 －22 μm long; axillary hyaline nodules distinct ············································ F. zollingeri 18. Cells at base of vaginant laminae slightly larger, to 27 μm long, than those of apical laminae, 7－14－(17) μm long; axillary hyaline nodules weakly or not differentiated ······················ 19

19. Stems dimorphic; perichaetial leaves much larger than lower leaves ···································· 20 19. Stems monomorphic; perichaetial leaves not well differentiated ········································· 23

20. Limbidia conspicuously intralaminal in proximal parts of vaginant laminae of perichaetial leaves ······························································································································ F. arcticus 20. Limbidia not intralaminal in vaginant laminae of perichaetial leaves ······························· 21

21. Leaves ovate to oblong lanceolate; spores 22－32 μm in diam. ··························· F. diversifolius 21. Leaves lanceolate to linear lanceolate; spores 12－22 μm in diam. ······································ 22

22. Leaf apices narrowly acute, limbidia distinct on sterile stems ······························ F. curvatus 22. Leaf apices acute, limbidia weak to almost lacking on sterile stems ······· F. bryoides var. esquirolii

23. Leaves broadly lanceolate; limbidia intralaminal in proximal parts of vaginant laminae of perichaetial leaves ················································································· F. sublimbatus 23. Leaves lanceolate to oblong lanceolate or lanceolate to linear lanceolate, limbidia not as above ······· ····················································································································· 24

24. Leaf apices obtuse and mucronate; peristome teeth 250－310 μm long··················· F. viridulus 24. Leaf apices acute; peristome teeth less than 250 μm long ············································· 25

25. Plants gonioautoicous, perigonia bud- like (rarely naked) in axilis of stem leaves; central strand weakly differentiated ·································································· F. bryoides var. bryoides 25. Plants synoicous (often polyoicous), antheridia mixed with archegonia and terminal on stems or

branches, but often bud-like in leaf axils (rarely at base of branches), sometimes more than two perichaetial branches and a few perigonia in the same leaf axils; central strand lacking ················· ················································································································ F. bryoides var. ramosissimus

26. Cells of apical laminae 16－25－(30) μm long; upper end of vaginant laminae usually quite unequal ····························································································· F. beckettii 26. Cells of apical laminae 7－14 μm long; vaginant laminae equal to slightly unequal ·············· 27

27. Leaves lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, rarely narrowly ovate, acute at apices; archegonia 180－ 220 μm long ··························································································· F. tosaensis 27. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate at apices; archegonia 300－410 μm long ··············· F. incurvus

II. Fissidens subgen. Pachyfissidens IIa. Fissidens subgen. Pachyfissidens sect. Pachyfissidens 1. Fissidens fasciculatus Hornsch., Linnaea 15: 155 (1841). Fig. 3. Syn. F. linealis Bruch & Schimp., Bryol. Eur. 1: 196. 106. (1843). Plants dark green, often brownish or blackish below, rigid. Stems simple or with few branches, 14－32 mm long, 3.5－4.5 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules often differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand not differentiated. Leaves in 16－33 pairs, imbricate, upper leaves linear-lanceolate, often cultriform, 3.6－4.1 mm long, 0.4－0.5 mm wide, long-acuminate; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, more or less decurrent; vaginant laminae about 1/2 leaf length; costa ceasing a few cells below apex, Nobilis-type; apical and dorsal laminae dark and obscure, 2－4 cells thick except margin; margins crenate throughout; cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 10－20 μm long, smooth, thick walled; juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant laminae abruptly and conspicuously enlarged. Dioicous?; perigonial plants and sporophytes not found. Additional description: Magill 1981, 67, f. 16, 1－7. Specimens examined: Honshu, Shizuoka-ken, Kawane-honcho, Sumata-gawa River, ca. 600 m alt., on wet, dripping rock, T. Suzuki 61393, 61395. Distribution: Africa and Europe; new to Japan (Honshu). This species is similar to F. grandifrons, both have almost flat, not protruding costae in apical laminae. However, cells of apical lamina of F. fasciculatus are larger (10－20 μm long) than those of F. grandifrons (7－12 μm long).

Key to the species of subgen. Pachyfissidens sect. Pachyfissidens in Japan

1. Costae in apical laminae thick, protruding on both sides ······································· F. boninensis 1. Costae in apical laminae almost flat, not protruding ··························································· 2

2. Cells of apical laminae 10－20 μm long ······················································ F. fasciculatus 2. Cells of apical laminae 7－12 μm long ······································································· 3

3. Leaf apices acute; cells of apical laminae weakly mammillose; not calciphilous ········ F. perdecurrens 3. Leaf apices obtuse to round; cells of apical laminae almost smooth; calciphilous ········· F. grandifrons

IIb. Fissidens subgen. Pachyfissidens sect. Serridium 1. Fissidens anomalus Mont., Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 17: 252 (1842). Fig. 4. Plants dull green. Stems simple or branched, 10－25 mm long, 4－6 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand differentiated. Leaves in 9－22 pairs, imbricate; upper leaves oblong lanceolate, often undulate, 2.5－3.3 mm long, 0.6－0.8 mm wide, narrowly acute; base of dorsal lamina rounded, not decurrent; costa excurrent, Bryoides-type; margins irregularly dentate to coarsely serrate at the apex, irregularly serrulate on the vaginant laminae, bordered throughout by a lighter colored band of 3－5 cell-rows, smooth, paler cells; vaginant lamina 2/3－3/4 of leaf length; laminal cells usually unistratose, often bistratose; cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 7－11 μm long, distinctly mammillose, thin walled. Synoicous; synoecia in axils of middle or lower leaves of stem. Sporophytes not found. Additional descriptions: Eddy 1988, 61, f. 49; Li & Iwatsuki 2001, 7, pl. 69, 1－7. Specimens examined: Honshu, Tochigi-ken, Nikko-shi, Mt. Myojin-ga-take, 1360 m alt., on tree trunk, Kamiyama 6811; Gifu-ken, Mino-shi, near Ogura park, 100 m alt., on rock, Kamiyama 7005, 7007; Kataji valley, 300 m alt., on rock, Kamiyama 7017; Kyushu, Fukuoka-ken, Tagawa-gun, Soeda-machi, Takaki shrine, 180 m alt., on tree trunk, Kimura 676. Distribution: Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines and China; new to Japan (Honshu & Kyushu). Fissidens anomalus is closely related to F. dubius. However, F. anomalus are synoicous plants in contrast to F. dubius that are dioicous plants. The two species can also be distinguished by costa length. The costae of F. anomalus are excurrent, while those of F. dubius are percurrent.

2. Fissidens polyphyllus Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch et al., Bryol. Eur. (1851). Fig. 5. Plants light green to dull green. Stems branched, 15－38 mm long, 6－7 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand weakly differentiated. Leaves in 13－28 pairs, lower leaves distant; upper leaves oblong-ovate to oblong lanceolate, 3.2－4.2 mm long, 0.9－1.3 mm wide, acute to obtuse and apiculate; base of dorsal lamina rounded, not decurrent; costa ending in apex, Nobilis-type; margins finely and evenly serrulate throughout; vaginant lamina about 2/3 of leaf length; laminal cells unistratose; cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 9－15 μm long, smooth or slightly mammillose, thin walled; juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant laminae abruptly and conspicuously enlarged. Dioicous?; perigonial plants and sporophytes not found. Additional descriptions: Nyholm 1986, 14, f. 6, F; Smith 2004, 260, f. 78, 4－5. Specimens examined: Honshu, Tochigi-ken, Nikko-shi, Furukama-zawa, 450 m alt, on wet cliff, Kamiyama 6552－6554, T. Suzuki 61406, 61408, 61409, 61411, 61412.

Distribution: Europe; new to Japan (Honshu). This species is characterized by large plants, 15－38 mm long, 6－7 mm wide with leaves; central strand weakly differentiated; cells of apical lamina 9－15 μm long, smooth or slightly mammillose; and, juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant laminae abruptly and conspicuously enlarged.

3. Fissidens serrulatus Brid., Spec. Musc. 1: 170 (1806). Fig. 6. Plants light green. Stems branched, 12－25 mm long, 3－4 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand differentiated. Leaves in 15－33 pairs, imbricate; upper leaves oblong ovate, 2.1－2.6 mm long, 0.6－0.7 mm wide, acute; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, not decurrent; costa percurrent, Bryoides-type; margins irregularly dentate to coarsely serrate at the apex, irregularly serrulate on the vaginant laminae, a few rows marginal cells smooth and making an indistinct, lighter colored band; vaginant lamina 2/3－3/4 of leaf length; laminal cells essentially unistratose, infrequently and irregularly bistratose; cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 7.5－15.0 μm long, conically mammillose, thin walled. Dioicous?; perigonia in leaf axils. Sporophytes not found. Additional description: Smith 2004, 258, f. 78, 1－3. Specimens examined: Honshu, Shizuoka-ken, Akaishi mountain range, Mt. Warusawa-dake, ca. 3100 m alt, on soil, T. Suzuki 10805, 10806. Distribution: Europe; new to Japan (Honshu ). This species is similar to F. adianthoides. However, F. serrulatus can be distinguished from F. adianthoides by its apical laminal cells that are 7.5－15.0 μm long, conically mammillose, while the apical laminal cells of F. adianthoides are 13－18－(22) μm long and weakly mammillose.

Key to the species of subgen. Pachyfissidens sect. Serridium in Japan

1. Costae covered and obscured above by short, green cells ····································· F. subbasilaris 1. Costae not as above ································································································· 2

2. A few rows of cells at leaf margins of apical laminae lighter and smooth, markedly different from inner cells as a pale band ························································································ 3 2. Marginal cells on leaves not as above, usually not different from inner cells, or if different, then darker ·············································································································· 7

3. Small to medium sized plants, stems less than 10 mm long including leaves; margins of apical laminae serrulate; cells of vaginant laminae with 3－4 papillae at corners ············· F. teysmannianus 3. Large plants, stems more than 10 mm long including leaves; margins of apical laminae irregularly dentate to coarsely serrate in apical region; cells of vaginant laminae slightly mammillose, papillae absent or indistinct ·································································································· 4 4. Plants synoicous ····················································································· F. anomalus 4. Plants dioicous ···································································································· 5

5. Cells of apical laminae 7.5－22 μm long; pale margins of leaves slightly to moderately distinct ······· 6 5. Cells of apical laminae 6－10 μm long, pale margins of leaves usually distinct ················· F. dubius

6. Cells of apical laminae 7.5－15 μm long, conically mammillose ··························· F. serrulatus 6. Cells of apical laminae 13－18－(22) μm long, weakly mammillose ··················· F. adianthoides

7. Leaf margins dark ··································································································· 8 7. Cells of leaf margins not different from other laminal cells ··················································· 9

8. Leaf margins usually unistratose; costae Bryoides-type ··································· F. bourgaeanus 8. Leaf margins 2－4 cells thick; costae Nobilis-type ················································ F. nobilis

9. Leaf bases decurrent on stem ···················································································· 10 9. Leaf bases not decurrent on stem ··············································································· 11

10. Cells of vaginant laminae with 1－4 papillae at corners ········································· F. bushii 10. Cells of vaginant laminae mammillose ····················································· F. geminiflorus

11. Laminal cells smooth or slightly mammillose ······························································· 12 11. Laminal cells papillose or distinctly mammillose ··························································· 15

12. Central strand not differentiated··········································································· 14 12. Central strand differentiated ··············································································· 13

13. Cells of apical lamina 9－15 μm long; central strand weakly differentiated ·············· F. polyphyllus 13. Cells of apical lamina 13－18－(22) μm long; central strand well differentiated ····· F. polypodioides

14. Leaf apices obtuse to obtusely acute; costae ceasing several cells below leaf apices··· F. obscurus 14. Leaf apices apiculate; costae excurrent into apiculi ································· F. aphelotaxifolius

15. Cells of vaginant laminae with 1－4 papillae at corners ··················································· 16 15. Cells of vaginant laminae with one central papilla or mammilla ········································· 19

16. Stems with leaves to 30 mm long, 2－3 mm wide ·········································· F. elongatus 16. Stems with leaves 3－10 mm long, 2－4.5 mm wide ·················································· 15

17. Upper leaves narrowly lanceolate, often cultriform ···································· F. pseudoadelphinus 17. Upper leaves lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, never cultriform ··········································· 18

18. Cells of apical laminae 13－26 μm long ······················································· F. fujiensis 18. Cells of apical laminae 6－13 μm long ································································ F. teysmannianus

19. Juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant laminae abruptly and conspicuously enlarged ········· F. gedehensis 19. Juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant laminae not as above ················································ 20

20. Setae lateral or basal; perichaetial leaves much smaller than stem leaves ················ F. taxifolius 20. Setae and perichaetia terminal, perichaetial leaves not different from stem leaves ················ 21

21. Medium sized to large plants; stems 15－50 mm long, 3.5－7.5 mm wide including leaves; costae percurrent ······························································································ F. involutus 21. Small to medium sized plants; stems 2.5－14 mm long, 1.9－3.5 (rarely to 4.7) mm wide including leaves; costae ceasing below apex ············································································· 22

22. Cells of apical laminae 8－10 (12) μm long, distinctly mammillose, with indistinctly demarcated walls; perigonial plants small, growing in vaginant laminae of perichaetial plants ·· ································································································ F. gymnogynus 22. Cells of apical laminae 13－17 μm long, more or less mammillose, usually with well demarcated walls; perigonial plants similar to perichaetial plants ···················· F. osmundoides

Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Benito C. Tan for correcting the English text and for valuable suggestions. We are much indebted to Messrs. T. Kamiyama and T. Noguchi, Ms. M. Kimura who collected the specimens and provided them for our study. Grateful acknowledgement is made of the financial support for this study provided by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (no. 16570086) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Literature cited

Bruggeman-Nannenga, M. A. 1985. The section Pachylomidium (genus Fissidens) IV. Further species from Europe, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic African islands. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad.Wetensch., C 88: 85－109. Eddy, A. 1988. A handbook of Malesian mosses. Vol. 1. Sphagnales to Dicranales: 1－204. British Museum (Natural History), London. Li, Zhi-hua. & Z. Iwatsuki. 2001. Fissidentaceae. Moss Flora of China, English version, vol. 2: 3－67. Magill, R. E. 1981. Flora of Southern Africa. Bryophyta. Part I. Fascicle 1. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Pretoria, South Africa. Nyholm, E. 1986. Illustrated Flora of Nordic Mosses. Fasc. 1. Fissidentaceae－Seligeriaceae. 1－72. The Nordic Bryological Society. Smith, A. J. E. 2004. The moss flora of Britain and Ireland. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Suzuki, T. & Z. Iwatsuki. 2012. Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) species newly found in Japan. Hattoria 3: 1－48.

Fig. 1. Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp.: a, plant. b－d, leaves. e, cells at leaf apex. f, cells of apical lamina. g, cells at margin of dorsal lamina. h, cells at margin of vaginant lamina. i, j, cross sections of leaves. k, cross section of stem. l, synoicous inflorescence. m, exothecial cells. n, stoma. o, apical potion of peristome tooth. p, spores. q, operculum. r, calyptra. All figures drawn from Kamiyama 7798 in NICH.

Fig. 2. Fissidens ovatifolius Ruthe: a, plant. b－e, leaves. f, cells at leaf apex. g, cells of apical lamina. h, cells at margin of dosal lamina. i, cells at margin of vaginant lamina. j, k, cross sections of leaves. l, cross section of stem. All figures drawn from Noguchi 120629-4 in NICH.

Fig. 3. Fissidens fasciculatus Hornsch.: a, plant. b－d, leaves. e, cells at leaf apex. f, cells of apical lamina. g, cells at margin of vaginant lamina. h, juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant lamina. i－k, cross sections of leaves. l, cross section of stem. All figures drawn from T. Suzuki 61393 in NICH.

Fig. 4. Fissidens anomalus Mont.: a, plant. b－d, leaves. e, leaf apex. f, cells at leaf apex. g, cells of apical lamina. h, cells at margin of vaginant lamina. i, j, cross sections of leaves. k, cross section of stem. l, m, synoecia. All figures drawn from Kimura 676 in NICH.

Fig. 5. Fissidens polyphyllus Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp.: a, plant. b－d, leaves. e, cells at leaf apex. f, cells of apical lamina. g, cells at margin of vaginant lamina. h, juxtacostal cells at base of vaginant lamina. i－k, cross sections of leaves. l, cross section of stem. All figures drawn from Kamiyama 6554 in NICH.

Fig. 6. Fissidens serrulatus Brid.: a, plant. b－e, leaves. f, leaf apex. g, cells at leaf apex. h, cells of apical lamina. i, cells at margin of vaginant lamina. j－l, cross sections of leaves. m, cross section of stem. n, o, perichaetia. All figures drawn from T. Suzuki 10805 in NICH.