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Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) Species Newly Found in Japan

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Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) Species Newly Found in Japan Hattoria 3: 1－48, 2012 Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) species newly found in Japan Tadashi Suzuki1 and Zennoske Iwatsuki2 1The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Shimada Branch, 6480-3 Takasago-cho, Shimada-shi, Shizuoka- ken 427-0054, Japan 2The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Okazaki Branch, 10-3 Mutsuna-shin-machi, Okazaki-shi, Aichi- ken 444-0846, Japan Abstract. A total of 27 species are added to the Japanese Fissidens flora. Two of these species, F. curvato-wichurae and F. kimurae, are new to science. The remaining 25 species, F. amoenus, F. aphelotaxifolius, F. arcticus, F. bourgaeanus, F. bushii, F. coacervatus, F. curnovii, F. elongatus, F. exilis, F. gedehensis, F. gracilifolius, F. inconstans, F. incurvus, F. kurzii, F. laxitextus, F. monguillonii, F. pseudoclosteri, F. pusillus, F. rivularis, F. rufulus, F. subbasilaris, F. sublimbatus, F. tenellus var. tenellus, F. viridulus, and F. wichurae, are additions to the moss flora of Japan. Introduction Iwatsuki and Suzuki (1982) included 43 species and 5 varieties in their initial study of Fissidens in Japan. Later, Iwatsuki and Suzuki (2002) added three new species, F. neomagofukui, F. pseudoadelphinus, and F. fujiensis. In a catalog of the mosses of Japan, Iwatsuki (2004) listed 46 species and 5 varieties of Fissidens. The current report is based on collections made principally by Mr. T. Kamiyama (Honshu, Tochigi-ken) and Ms. M. Kimura (Kyushu, Fukuoka-ken), and T. Suzuki. Among these collections, there are 25 species new to the moss flora of Japan, and 2 species new to science . All collections are deposited in the Herbarium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (NICH). Types of costae and peristomes given in the descriptions were described in Suzuki and Iwatsuki (2007). The 27 species reported are accompanied with descriptions, specimens examined, distributions, notes, and illustrations. I. Fissidens subgen. Fissidens Ia. Fissidens subgen. Fissidens sect. Fissidens 1. Fissidens arcticus Bryhn, Bryoph. Itin. Pol. Norv., 57, plate 1, fig. 2 (1906). Fig. 1. Plants light green to dark green. Fertile and sterile stems often dimorphic, fertile stems usually shorter, 2.0－2.4 mm long, 1.0－1.5 mm wide with 3－4 pairs of leaves; sterile stems 3.0－4.8 mm long, 1.6－1.7 mm wide with 6－10 pairs of leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central 1 strand weakly differentiated. Upper leaves oblong lanceolate, 1.0－1.5 mm long, 0.2－0.3 mm wide, acute; dorsal lamina narrowed proximally, often ending well before insertion, base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, not decurrent; costa ending 2－4 cells below apex, Bryoides-type; margin entire; vaginant laminae 1/2－3/5 of leaf length; limbidium usually colorless, ending below apex, often conspicuously intralaminal in proximal parts of vaginant laminae of perichaetial leaves, 1－2 rows of elongate cells on dorsal laminae, 4－6 rows of elongate cells on vaginant laminae, 1－2 cells thick; lamina unistratose, cells of apical lamina irregularly rounded quadrate to hexagonal, 10－15 μm long, smooth, moderately thick walled. Gonioautoicous; perigonia in axils of distal leaves; setae terminal, 2.0－3.6 mm long; capsules erect and symmetrical; urns about 0.9 mm long; exothecial cells rounded quadrate to rounded rectangular, 15－25 μm long, 12－18 μm wide; opercula rostrate, about 0.4 mm long; peristome teeth 250－310 μm long, 45－50 μm wide at base, lower portions of filaments with large, scattered papillae, Fissidens-type; spores 12－17 μm in diam., smooth. Descriptions: Nyholm 1986, 12, f. 5; Steere & Brassard 1974, 195, f. 1－9. Specimen examined: Honshu, Yamanashi-ken, Mt. Kitadake, 3150 m alt, on calcareous rock, T. Suzuki 51409. Distribution: Europe, North America; new to Japan (Honshu). This species is characterized by sterile and fertile stems often dimorphic; usually colorless limbidia that end below the apex and which are often conspicuously intralaminal in the proximal parts of the vaginant laminae of perichaetial leaves; and, a dorsal laminae narrowed proximally that often end well above the insertion. 2. Fissidens coacervatus Brugg.-Nann., Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C 88 (2): 96 (1985). Fig. 2. Plants dark green, hygrophilous. Stems simple, 4.8－6.7 mm long, 2.2－2.7 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand weakly differentiated. Leaves in 6－9 pairs, upper leaves oblong lanceolate, 1.8－2.5 mm long, 0.40－0.55 mm wide, acute and apiculate; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, not decurrent; costa excurrent, Bryoides-type; margin weakly serrulate near apex; vaginant laminae about 2/3 of leaf length; limbidium stout, usually turning reddish on older leaves when treated with KOH, usually confluent with costa at apex, 3－4 rows of elongate cells on dorsal laminae, 5－7 rows of elongate cells on vaginant laminae, 3－5 cells thick; lamina unistratose, cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 6－12 μm long, more or less weakly mammillose, thin walled. Gonioautoicous; perigonia in leaf axils of stem; perichaetial leaves much smaller than stem leaves; setae on short lateral branches, 1.7 － 2.4 mm long; capsules slightly asymmetrical; urns 0.7 － 1.0 mm long; exothecial cells rectangular, with thickened longitudinal walls and thinner transverse walls, 19－31 μm long, 14－17 μm wide; opercula rostrate, 0.4－0.5 mm long; peristome teeth 235－325 μm long, 40－45 μm wide at base, Fissidens-type; spores 18－22 μm in diam., smooth; calyptrae cucullate, 0.8－0.9 mm long. Description: Bruggeman-Nannenga 1985, 96, f. 3. Selected specimens: Honshu, Tochigi-ken, Nasu-machi, Ashino, 340 m alt, on stone-wall, 2 Kamiyama 4519; Nikko-shi, Izumi, Iwasaku-no-reisui, 430 m alt., on clay soil by stream, Kamiyama 3600; Kanuma-shi, Shimo-Nagano, Kuramoto, 200 m alt, on clay soil by stream, Kamiyama 4124; Utsunomiya-shi, Mt. Tage-san, 240 m alt., on soil, T. Suzuki 61072, Kamiyama 3420; Motegi-machi, Iino, Kawaguchi, 60 m alt, on soil by stream, Kamiyama 3740; Ashikaga-shi, Matsuda-gawa Dam, 400 m alt., on soil by stream, Kamiyama 3888; Ibaraki-ken, Hitachi-Ohmiya-shi, Mt. Katakura, 150 m alt., on soil, Kamiyama 3807; Toyama-ken, Toyama-shi, Kamitaki, Nakanoji-no-reisui, 170 m alt., on concrete wall by stream, Sakai 854; Ishikawa-ken, Hakusan-shi, Tyugu, Hakusan-super-rindo, 720 m alt., on wet cliff, Kobayashi 2212. Distribution: Europe; new to Japan (Honshu). This species is characterized by gonioautoicous plants; usually stout limbia that are distinct on the apical laminae and which turn reddish on older leaves treated with KOH; perichaetia and setae on short lateral branches; perichaetial leaves much smaller than stem leaves; and, oblong lanceolate leaves. 3. Fissidens curnovii Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21: 556 (1885). Fig. 3. Syn. F. bryoides var. caespitans Schimp., Syn. Musc. Eur., ed. 2: 111 (1876). Plants dark green, hydrophilous. Stems simple, 7.5－11.0 mm long, 3.5－4.4 mm wide with leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand weakly differentiated. Leaves in 9－14 pairs, distant, upper leaves oblong lanceolate, 2.0－2.4 mm long, 0.45－0.55 mm wide, acute and apiculate; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, not decurrent; costa excurrent, Bryoides-type; margin weakly serrulate near apex; vaginant laminae about 1/2 of leaf length; limbidium usually turning yellowish brown on older leaves when treated with KOH, usually confluent with costa at apex, 1－3 rows of elongate cells on dorsal laminae, 4－6 rows of elongate cells on vaginant laminae, 2－4 cells thick; lamina unistratose, cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 7.5－12.5 μm long, smooth, more or less weakly mammillose, moderately thick walled. Gonioautoicous; perigonia in leaf axils; perichaetial leaves not markedly differentiated; setae terminal, 2.5－3.1 mm long; capsules usually horizontal, more or less asymmetrical; urns 0.8－1.0 mm long; exothecial cells rectangular, 22.5－35.0 μm long, about 15.0－30.0 μm wide; opercula rostrate, about 0.9 mm long; peristome teeth 270－380 μm long, about 40 μm wide at base, Fissidens-type; spores 12.5－17.5 (20.0) μm in diam., smooth; calyptrae cucullate, about 0.9 mm long Descriptions: Bruggeman-Nannenga 1985, 86, f. 1 (as F. bryoides var. caespitans); Smith 2004, 249, f. 74, 10－11. Selected specimens: Honshu, Tochigi-ken, Nasu-Karasuyama-shi, Asappo, 100 m alt., on soil, submerged in stream, Kamiyama 3984; Nikko-shi, Moritomo, Suginamiki Kaido, 350 m alt., on clay soil, submerged in stream, T. Suzuki 60919, Kamiyama 1343; Kanuma-shi, Shimo-nagano, 200 m alt., on soil, submerged in stream, Kamiyama 4083; Ichigai-machi, Takeuchi-higashi, 100 m alt., on clay soil, submerged in stream, Kamiyama 3952; Motegi-machi, Iino, Kawaguchi, 60 m alt., on soil, submerged in stream, Kamiyama 3755; Tochigi-shi, Izuru-machi, Manganji temple, 460 m alt., on soil, submerged in stream, Kamiyama 4352. Distribution: Europe; new to Japan (Honshu). 3 This species is characterized by a hydrophilous habitat; goniautoicous plants; limbidia usually turning yellowish brown on older leaves treated with KOH; perichaetia and setae always terminal; and, perichaetial leaves as large as stem leaves. 4. Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm, Ill. Fl. Nord. Mosses Fasc. 1, 10 (1987). Fig. 4. Plants light green to dark green, hygrophilous. Fertile and sterile stems often dimorphic, fertile stems usually shorter, 1.8－3.0 mm long, 0.8－1.2 mm wide with 2－4 pairs of leaves; sterile stems 2.6－3.8 mm long, 1.0－1.3 mm wide with 7－10 pairs of leaves; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small and thick walled, central strand weakly differentiated.
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