Transformation of Chinese Water Sleeve Dance and Tai Ji in Contemporary Performer Training and Performance Making
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Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 2017 The reinvention of tradition: Transformation of Chinese water sleeve dance and Tai Ji in contemporary performer training and performance making Min Zhu Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Dance Commons Recommended Citation Zhu, M. (2017). The reinvention of tradition: Transformation of Chinese water sleeve dance and Tai Ji in contemporary performer training and performance making. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1987 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1987 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. 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The Reinvention of Tradition: Transformation of Chinese Water Sleeve Dance and Tai Ji in Contemporary Performer Training and Performance Making This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Min Zhu Edith Cowan University Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts 2017 Abstract The aim of this practice-led research was to investigate the nature and characteristics of the notion of reinvented tradition in China through the examination of dance practices. First, this research focused on the continuity of tradition demonstrated in the development of Chinese classical dance. Second, it concentrated on the malleability and applicability of two representative Chinese cultural dance practices, water sleeve dance and Tai Ji, in contemporary performance and performer training. The central concept behind this research was the commonly held perception in China that “tradition is a river” (P. Huang, 1990) in the context of the Chinese dance community. The overarching research methodology of this practice-led research involved critical analyses of Chinese classical dance works, 16 workshops with dance and Performance Making students, interviews, focus groups, critical reflection on my dance-making practice and the making of two new performance works: Penanegra and Hunger. Central to this entire research process is a discussion of the tension between tradition and modernity in the phenomenon of reinventing tradition in contemporary Chinese classical dance making, contemporary performance training and in the making of what I identify as contemporary performance influenced by Chinese cultural traditions. During the practice phase of the research, I investigated what traditional insights and techniques could offer contemporary performers and performance makers. In particular, the philosophy and practice of Tai Ji was analysed in relation to contemporary movement training and performance making. The research has culminated in an evaluation of how the changes and ramifications of tradition can be embodied in the current performance context. This research makes two significant contributions to knowledge in terms of understanding tradition and its reinvention. First, this thesis proposes the idea of reinventing tradition to interpret the development of Chinese classical dance since ii the 1980s, and it articulates the motivations and cultural meanings involved in the creation of contemporary Chinese classical dance. The thesis also analyses the ambiguity of ‘Chinese contemporary dance’ as a new term and demonstrates the hybridity of movement language as a response to the modernisation of Chinese traditional dance. Second, this thesis articulates the interweaving of tradition and originality in artistic creation through the examples of two representative Chinese cultural elements: the water sleeve dance and Tai Ji. The study examines how these cultural forms can be transformed and applied to contemporary training and performance. The water sleeve dance was examined within an intercultural performance project, Penanegra, illustrating how a traditional dance form can be transformed to facilitate communication between different cultural backgrounds and body languages, and how conservatoire training can enable the inheritance of tradition through body memory. Tai Ji was applied to movement training and to the making and performance of a new contemporary work, Hunger. The discussion of Tai Ji and its transformation in this project contributes to understanding psychophysical training practices and discourse. The particular approach to Tai Ji developed in this thesis informs the critical analysis of other Tai Ji-inspired works. Overall, this thesis considers the reinvention of tradition in relation to making tradition relevant to contemporary performance making and performer training. The resulting performances, new training approaches and exegesis contribute to scholarship on the body and movement in performance. iii Declaration I certify that this thesis does not, to the best of my knowledge and belief: i. incorporate without acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any institution of higher education; ii. contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text of this thesis; or iii. contain any defamatory material. Signature: Min Zhu Feburary 2017 iv Acknowledgements Completing this thesis was a long and challenging journey for me. I am indebted to the generosity of many people who have mentored, encouraged, inspired and helped me during this process. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Ms Nanette Hassall for graciously allowing me to foster a connection with WAAPA, and for supporting and caring for me throughout both my research and life in the past four years. I also feel much gratitude to my principal supervisor, Dr Renée Newman, who gave me tremendous support and insightful suggestions throughout the writing of the thesis. Her inspiring comments and wisdom helped elevate this work to reach higher and more exciting levels. My sincere appreciation is extended to Dr Frances Barbe, who was not only a supervisor, but also a collaborator on this project. Without her guidance and invaluable contribution to this thesis, this project could not have been possible. Her precious experiences in both teaching and performance making have left significant imprints on my own development as a teacher and artist. In my supervision committee, one person who I feel truly privileged to have been supervised by and feel heartfelt gratitude towards is my pre-principal supervisor, Associate Professor Maggi Phillips. During the time I have spent with her, I was deeply inspired and affected by her wisdom, passion and courage towards art and research. I am most grateful to have observed her tolerant attitude towards cultural differences, which allowed me to realise that as a researcher, one should always be curious, but also modest. She lives in my heart forever. During this creative exploration, I would like to thank my performance partner, Dr Tanatchaporn Kittikong, who has shared a great amount of knowledge and understanding about contemporary performance with me. In addition, this research could not have been finished without the lovely Bachelor of Performing Arts students; without their participation, my approach towards movement training would v not have been possible. I would especially like to thank those who joined the filming of the presentation workshop: Indiana Coole, Rachael Woodward, Tim Boulton, Kylie Bywaters and Julia Landberg. Outside of my supervision committee, my warmest gratitude goes to my writing consultant, Dr Jo McFarlane, who has helped me throughout every stage of the writing process and has helped make me become a better writer. I would also like to thank Dr Lyndall Adams, Dr Neil Ferguson and all of my Chinese and Australian colleagues and friends. Special thanks to WAAPA PhD candidate Gabrielle Metcalf who filmed the Tai Ji-based movement presentation workshop for me. Finally, I would like to thank my family from the bottom of my heart. Their unconditional care and support have encouraged and sustained me throughout this endeavour. Many thanks to my husband, Zhang Yunfan, for accompanying me throughout this whole journey and for never doubting me. vi Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................ ii Declaration .......................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. v Table of Contents