ORAL HISTORY of C. WILLIAM BRUBAKER Interviewed by Betty J
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ORAL HISTORY OF C. WILLIAM BRUBAKER Interviewed by Betty J. Blum Complied under the auspices of the Chicago Architects Oral History Project Ernest R. Graham Study Center for Architectural Drawings Department of Architecture The Art Institute of Chicago Copyright © 2000 The Art Institute of Chicago This manuscript is hereby made available for research purposes only. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publication, are reserved to the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries of The Art Institute of Chicago. No part of this manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of The Art Institute of Chicago. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iv Outline of Topics vi Oral History 1 Selected References 137 Curriculum Vitae 139 Index of Names and Buildings 140 iii PREFACE “I designed an art school for my thesis…. That was a clear-cut statement of my interests and aspirations.” When reading Bill Brubaker’s own statement about his early interests in architecture, it comes as no surprise that the young graduate of the University of Texas and the well- established school-specialist firm of Perkins and Will were such a good marriage. This was a match that lasted more than fifty years, beginning with Brubaker’s summer internship in 1947 and concluding with his retirement in 1998. Brubaker shaped the firm, just as the firm shaped him, during these fifty years. From student intern, Brubaker was made a partner in 1958, and rose in the ranks to become president and chairman of the board. As Larry Perkins did before him, Brubaker became a respected authority on educational facilities, spanning the range in size and audience from elementary schools to university campuses. Bill serves as the link between the founding generation at Perkins and Will and the younger generation of architects who run the firm today. His story bears witness to the development of the firm’s growth in services, expansion into diverse fields, increase in staff size, establishment of new offices in various locations both nationally and internationally, and Brubaker’s own role in this deliberate and remarkable evolution. On September 28, 29, 30 and October 5, 6, 1999, Bill and I met in a conference room at The Art Institute of Chicago where we tape-recorded seven hours of his recollections about memorable personalities, events, and important commissions that were milestones in his career. The transcripts have been reviewed by both Bill and me and minimally edited to maintain the tone and spirit of Bill’s original testimony. This oral history is available for study in bound form in the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries at The Art Institute of Chicago and may be accessed and downloaded from the Art Institute’s web site. Selected references, especially those written by Bill, that I found helpful in my preparation are attached to this document. iv I would like to sincerely thank Bill for cooperatively sharing his memories with us and the future generations of scholars who will study them. The Department of Architecture is grateful to Perkins and Will for generously funding Bill Brubaker’s oral history and to Diedra Noll, of Marketing Services at Perkins and Will, for her willing assistance in checking office records to clarify many details to help make this document as accurate as possible. Last but not least, our appreciation goes to Annemarie van Roessel in the Department of Architecture for her thoughtful care and unmatched skill in transcribing and shaping this document’s final form and formatting the PDF form for Internet users. Betty J. Blum September 2000 v OUTLINE OF TOPICS Family Background 1 Ill Health While in the United States Navy 3 At the University of Texas at Austin 5 Summer Internship at Perkins and Will 13 Permanent Employment at Perkins and Will 16 School Specialists, Perkins and Will, Diversifies 20 Suggestions from Consultant About Ways to Expand 25 Brubaker’s Writing and Sketching 27 Jones Commercial High School 28 More About How to Grow a Firm 33 First Branch Office in White Plaines, New York 35 About the Perkins and Will Office 38 E. Todd Wheeler 40 Expanding New Trier West and Evanston High Schools 42 Innovations in Magnet Schools 54 Designing the First National Bank of Chicago with C.F. Murphy Assoc. 59 First National Bank of Chicago Plaza 82 Collaborations with Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates 86 Amoco Building 90 Concern About Urban Planning 95 Todd Wheeler and the Hospital Field 97 Office Buildings 99 Competition in Various Fields 101 This and That 103 International Commissions 107 Inside Perkins and Will 112 The American Institute of Architects 116 Professionally Related Groups 121 Brubaker’s House 125 Awards 128 vi Teaching and Mentoring 129 More About Brubaker’s House 130 Family 131 Looking Back 132 vii C. William Brubaker Blum: Today is the 28th of September, 1999, and I’m with Charles William Brubaker in a conference room at The Art Institute of Chicago to record his memories of his career. Bill was born in 1926 in Indiana and after a stint in the United States Navy he attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he received his degree in architecture. Bill came to Perkins and Will as a promising but untried graduate who proved his worth quickly and rose in the ranks to become a partner in 1958 and later became president. After almost fifty years with the firm, Bill retired last year, in 1998, but continues to work part-time for the firm. Bill, you’ve been an eyewitness to and a prime participant in fifty years of growth and change in Perkins and Will. You’ve seen the firm come almost full circle from schoolwork that it did in the 1950s to the schoolwork of today. Over the years your firm has done hospital work, office buildings, transportation facilities, nationally as well as internationally. Bill, you hold a unique position in the history of Perkins and Will. You are a link between the founders of the organization and those who head the firm today. As the three original principals—Larry Perkins, Phil Will, and Todd Wheeler- retired and left the firm in the early 1970s, the next generation took over. But long before then, you had really shouldered the mantle in the field of school buildings. You wrote, you spoke, you designed schools-kindergarten through university campuses. Your reputation is that of “a humanist who specialized in the design and planning of educational facilities.” Having said that, it is curious that your best-known work is an office building in Chicago, the First National Bank. To understand how all this took shape, what it was that led you to architecture, may we begin where you began, in Indiana in 1926? Where in Indiana were you born? 1 Brubaker: I was born in South Bend and I went to elementary school there. My parents moved back to Leesburg, their original hometown, in my high-school years. I went to a very small school. The interesting thing is that I’m interested in planning large schools but much of my experience has been in small schools. Blum: Where did your desire to become an architect, your interest in architecture, begin? What was your father’s work? Brubaker: Well, my father was a graduate in chemistry in Purdue University, although in his work he was a farmer and a banker and a person of very broad interests in a small community, in Leesburg, Indiana. Leesburg is a town of about four hundred people that is south of South Bend. My father had gone to university and went to Purdue and was always interested in chemistry. When it came time for me to select a college, I went to the college campus that I knew something about and that was Purdue. Nowhere does architecture appear in my thoughts at that time. I thought I was going to be a chemical engineer. Blum: Just like your father? Brubaker: Right. Which, incidentally is something that we ought to be more sensitive to, exposing young people to different kinds of jobs. It’s amazing how little they know. I had never set foot inside an architect’s office and I probably didn’t know anything about architecture, but engineering and architecture are very closely related. Blum: Do you have any recollection as a youngster of seeing buildings under construction or being impressed by any buildings? Brubaker: Yes, I think that’s interesting because one of my earliest memories is seeing the Chicago World’s Fair—the Century of Progress Exposition—in 1933. My parents brought me up to Chicago to see the fair on at least two or three occasions. That did make an impression in me. 2 Blum: Well, if you saw it in 1933, you would have been quite young. Brubaker: I was seven years old. Blum: Can you recall what you saw that has stuck with you? Brubaker: Well, I was fascinated, like many people, by the technology. This was not a romantic fair that restored old ideas or old scenery or concepts, it was modern. Blum: It was celebrating a century of progress. Do you remember anything about the city? Brubaker: I remember being impressed by, for instance, the apartment buildings in Gary. I had not realized that there were apartment buildings and it was really exciting to learn that people lived in walk-up apartments. When I was at Purdue, World War Two came along and I joined the navy. I met two people in the navy who influenced me: one was my one of my closest associates in the navy—he was from Texas, from San Antonio.