Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092)
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Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092) Part of Lots 27-29, Concession B, and Part of Lots 25-28, Concession C, Former Township of Scarborough, Former York County, now City of Toronto, Ontario ORIGINAL REPORT Prepared for: Metrolinx 20 Bay Street, Suite 1800 Toronto ON M5J 2W3 Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Ltd. 300W-675 Cochrane Drive Markham ON L3R 0B8 Licensee: Paul David Ritchie, MA License Number: P392 PIF Number: P392-0254-2019 File No. 160540004 May 4, 2020 Sign-off Sheet This document entitled Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092) was prepared by Stantec Consulting Ltd. (“Stantec”) for the account of Metrolinx (the “Client”). The material in it reflects Stantec’s professional judgment in light of the scope, schedule and other limitations stated in the document and in the contract between Stantec and the Client. The opinions in the document are based on conditions and information existing at the time the document was published and do not take into account any subsequent changes. The report has been prepared based, in part, on information provided by others as cited in the Reference section. Stantec has not verified the accuracy and / or completeness of third party information. Prepared by (signature) Paul David Ritchie, MA Project Archaeologist Quality Review (signature) Colin Varley, MA, RPA (P002) Senior Associate, Senior Archaeologist Independent Review (signature) Tracie Carmichael, BA, B.Ed. (R140) Managing Principal, Environmental Services Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092) Table of Contents Project Personnel ........................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ v 1.0 Project Context ................................................................................................ 1.6 1.1 Development Context ........................................................................................ 1.6 1.2 Historical Context .............................................................................................. 1.9 1.2.1 Post-contact Indigenous Resources .................................................. 1.9 1.2.2 Euro-Canadian Archaeological Resources ...................................... 1.10 1.3 Archaeological Context .................................................................................... 1.14 1.3.1 The Natural Environment ................................................................. 1.14 1.3.2 Pre-contact Indigenous Resources.................................................. 1.15 1.3.3 Registered Archaeological Sites and Known Surveys ..................... 1.18 1.3.4 City of Toronto Archaeological Management Plan .......................... 1.22 1.3.5 Existing Conditions .......................................................................... 1.22 1.4 Indigenous Engagement .................................................................................. 1.22 2.0 Field Methods .................................................................................................. 2.1 3.0 Analysis and Conclusions .............................................................................. 3.1 4.0 Recommendations .......................................................................................... 4.1 5.0 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring ............................................................. 5.1 6.0 Advice on Compliance with Legislation ........................................................ 6.4 7.0 Bibliography and Sources .............................................................................. 7.1 8.0 Images .............................................................................................................. 8.1 8.1 Photographs ...................................................................................................... 8.1 8.2 Plates ................................................................................................................ 8.6 9.0 Maps ................................................................................................................. 9.1 10.0 Closure ........................................................................................................... 10.1 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092) List of Tables Table 1: Landowner Information from the 1860 Map of Scarborough Township ... 1.12 Table 2: Landowner Information from the 1878 Map of Scarborough Township ... 1.13 Table 3: Generalized Cultural Chronology for the Study Area ............................... 1.16 Table 4: Previous Archaeological Assessments within 50 metres of the Study Area ......................................................................................................... 1.20 Table 5: Report Review Feedback – Indigenous Engagement .................................. 1.23 Table 6: Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Monitoring .............................. 5.1 List of Figures Figure 1: GO Transit Networks ................................................................................. 1.6 Figure 2: Location of Study Area .............................................................................. 9.3 Figure 3: Detail of Study Area ................................................................................... 9.5 Figure 4: Treaties and Purchases (Adapted from Morris 1943) ................................ 9.7 Figure 5: Portion of the 1860 Tremaine’s Map of the County of York ....................... 9.9 Figure 6: Portion of the 1878 Map of Scarboro Township ...................................... 9.11 Figure 7: Soils Classification ................................................................................... 9.13 Figure 8: Archaeological Potential .......................................................................... 9.15 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092) Project Personnel Project Manager: Travis Brown, PMP Environmental Services Lead: Alex Blasko, B.Sc. Licensed Archaeologist: Paul David Ritchie, MA (P392) Licensed Field Director: Kristen Hahne, B.Sc. (R1154) Report Writer: Paul David Ritchie, MA (P392) GIS Specialist: Brian Cowper, HNC Quality Review: Colin Varley, MA, RPA (P002) Independent Review: Tracie Carmichael, BA, B.Ed. (R140) Acknowledgments Proponent Contact: Simon Strauss, Metrolinx Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport: Robert von Bitter c:\users\pritchie\desktop\working\may4\p392-0254-2019_4may2020_re.docx i Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project (RQQ-2014-C1-092) Executive Summary Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was retained by Metrolinx to complete a Stage 1 archaeological assessment for the Scarborough Junction Grade Separation Project in the City of Toronto, Ontario. The Study Area includes a project footprint that encompasses the total area within which the Project activities may occur, including, but not limited to, rail detours, temporary laydown areas, retaining walls, the new bridge, tunnels, railway realignment, the Scarborough GO Station, and the Corvette multi-use crossing. In addition, for the archaeological assessment the Study Area includes a 50 metre (m) buffer beyond the footprint for potential subsequent adjustments to the project design. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment property inspection took place on April 3, 2019 and was conducted from the public right-of-way. Based on the results of the background research and property inspection, parts of the Study Area are documented to have been subject to previous extensive and intensive ground disturbance and do not required further archaeological assessment. Other portions of the Study Area however retain potential for the identification and documentation of archaeological resources. The Study Area includes a registered archaeological site, the Heinze site (AkGt-15). While the site may be destroyed by past disturbance, further work is required to confirm whether such disturbance has completely removed archaeological potential or whether evidence of the Heinze site (AkGt-15) remains in situ. Therefore, a Stage 2 archaeological assessment is required for any portion of the Project’s anticipated construction which impacts an area of archaeological potential. In the event that human remains are encountered during the archaeological topsoil stripping or any phase of construction all work should stop, and the police or coroner and the Bereavement Authority of Ontario on behalf of the Ministry of Government and Consumer Service be notified, until the remains are properly dealt with by the appropriate authorities. The Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries is asked to review the results presented and to accept this report into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork remain subject to Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act