Srinivasa Ramanujan, an Indian Mathematical Genius

Monday 28 December 2020 - 03 January 2021 Mumbai TheThe HULAHULHULAHUL TTimesimes Year : 2nd Editor - in - Chief Issue No. : 42 Mr. Ravi Singh Initiative by HULAHUL Foundation THE CHRISTMAS STORY: CELEBRATING THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST

hristmas is celebrated on the 25th of December commemorating the birth of feasts are organized. Children get the most excited as they receive many gifts from their Jesus Christ, who Christians believe to be the Son of God. It is generally parents and relatives. The mythical figure of Santa Claus is what excites children the most. Cbelieved that the Jesus Christ came back to life after his death only for us. The Churches and many other places organize special events on this day. Shopping malls, streets only service that was allowed during that period was the 'Christ-Mass'. This Christ-Mass and other public places of visit are decorated with Christmas trees. Concerts and takes place generally after sunset and before the next day's sunrise, which means it happens performances are staged in many public places. Songs and a lot of plays, with Christmas as a in the midnight. Hence, the name Christmas comes from Christ-Mass. Christmas is theme are also staged. celebrated across the world, irrespective of the religion people belong to. Christmas celebration in India Why 25th December? Though Christmas is celebrated by everyone, it is generally regarded as a Christian There exists a lot of confusion owing to the exact date of the birth of Jesus Christ. This festival, and India only has around 2.3% of Christians. Hence, Christmas is a small festival uncertainty in the birth date has led to a lot of issues as Puritans in the later period raised compared to other festivals in our Country. The city of Mumbai, has one of the largest questions on the legitimacy of the celebration. 25th December is a date chosen by Pope Julius Christian communities. These Christians in Mumbai are majorly Roman Catholics. Another I. This date was chosen in an effort to absorb and adopt the pagan Saturnalia festival's state that has a large number of Christian communities is Goa. It has about 26% of Christians. traditions. This event was first called the Feast of the Nativity. The custom then was spread to It is believed that many Christians in Mumbai have their roots from Goa. A few other states Egypt by 432 and then by the end of the sixth century to England. Christmas is celebrated that have high populations of Christians are Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. around the same time as traditional winter solstice festivals. The shortest day and the longest For the Christians in India, especially the Catholics, the most important service is the night of the year is called the winter solstice. Romans held a lot of celebration during this Midnight mass. The entire family walks to the mass which is followed by a huge feast of time. Saturnalia is such a celebration that happened throughout the week in honor of the god various delicacies. Gifts are given and received. For Christmas Eve's Midnight Mass service of agriculture, Saturn. Similarly, Yule and Inti Raymi were celebrated from the winter Churches are decorated largely using Poinsettia flowers and candles. Indians decorate a solstice. Christian leaders believed that celebrating Christmas during winter solstice would banana or a mango tree instead of a traditional Christmas tree. People also prefer using increase the chances of it being embraced. Christmas is believed to be that time of the year mango leaves for decoration. Christians from the southern part of India light small clay when the people, belonging to the upper class, repay the less fortunate citizens an imaginary lamps as a way of telling others that , light of the world is Jesus Christ. debt. Christmas during COVID-19 Why was Christmas called off? The entire world is going through the pandemic of the corona virus from the past 10 Many of us don't know the exact history of the prominent festivals. One important factor months. Keeping with the situation, several countries including ours went for a complete we all didn't know is that Christmas was cancelled because of a group of Christians, centuries lockdown in the initial stages to bring the situation under control. Though the lockdown has ago. A set of religious reforms took place in the 17th century in Europe. Oliver Cromwell, in been lifted, the world is still fighting with the pandemic. Hence, it is advised to always stay 1645, took over England along with his Puritan forces. They cancelled Christmas as they safe and try not to gather a huge crowd. This holds good for celebrations as well. Festivals vowed to get England rid of decadence. When Charles II was restored to power, the popular are generally celebrated with friends and family, but this year it would definitely be holiday again came to effect. Around 1620, the English separatists who came to America a little different. Countries like England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland were even more orthodox, as a result of which Christmas was not considered a holiday. have come up with a lot of restrictions for Christmas celebrations this year. People Christmas celebration in Boston was outlawed, and anyone exhibiting the spirit of Christmas was fined. Until 26 June 1870, Christmas was not declared as a federal holiday in many are not allowed to travel places to visit their friends as a new strain of the corona places. virus has come to picture. In India, it is advised to gather very few people and celebrate this festival of joy with utmost safety from the concerned individual. How is Christmas celebrated? Though it happens to be a tough year, let this beautiful festival bring good vibes to everyone across the world. Christmas is often regarded as a festival of merriment and happiness. People start decorating their homes, Christmas trees and their gardens with lights, days or weeks before **** Christmas. People meet friends and family and exchange gifts with them. Special meals and

www.hulahulfoundation.org www.twitter.com/hulahulgrp www.facebook.com/hulahulgrp www.youtube.com/hulahulfoundation www.instagram.com/hulahul_foundation https://www.linkedin.com/in/hulahul-foundation-89964b161/ The HULAHUL Times 2 Monday 28 December 2020 - 03 January 2021 Mumbai

GOOD GOVERNANCE DAY: CELEBRATING GREAT SPIRIT OF LEADERSHIP

ndia celebrates Good Governance Day on the 25th of December every year, Significance commemorating the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the former Prime Minister of India. Good Governance Day got established in the year 2014 for The purpose behind celebrating this day is, to build a strong, responsible and transparent I administration, to ensure the wellbeing of “Aam Admi” which is “Common Man', to devise honouring Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, for instilling awareness about accountability in government, among effective policies for good governance the Indian citizens. In accordance a n d t o g i v e t o t h e p e o p l e a n with the principle, the Government of administration that is corruption free. India has declared the Good This day serves as a reminder to the Governance Day as a working day for government of India to do its best for the the government. country. We can see the efforts of the Indian government towards good Life of Atal Bihari Vajpayee governance in its linking of government policies with digital platforms and the Aadhar card. It is expected that Atal Bihari Vajpayee, born on 25 corruption will soon meet its end. The December 1924, served as the Prime government has also taken some other Minister of India for three terms. The steps to meet the concerns of the first one was in the year 1996 for a common man, launching programmes period of 13 days, second from 1998 such as Ujjwala, Indradhanush, Sabko to 1999 for 13 months and the third Ghar, Deendayal Vidyutikaran Yojana was a full term from 1999 to 2004. He and many such programmes. Atal Bihari was the first non-congress member to Vajpayee introduced schemes such as serve a full term in the office. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana and Antyodaya Anna scheme during his He served as a member of the tenure as the Prime Minister. The Indian Parliament for around five schemes he introduced provided decades. He was elected ten times to connectivity to people residing in the the lower house which is the Lok remote areas. His policies abided by his Sabha and twice to the upper house philosophy of life. which is the Rajya Sabha. He was one among the founding members of the party named Bharatiya Jana Sangh Celebration of Good Governance (BJS) of which he served as a Day president from 1968 to 1972. The BJS merged with several parties and Good Governance Day is celebrated formed the Janata Party, which won b y e a c h s t a t e d i ff e r e n t l y. T h e the general election of 1977. He government of Madhya Pradesh became the Minister of External distributed pulses at minimum rates in Affairs in the year 1977. The Janata tribal areas. The government of Uttar alliance collapsed in the year 1979. Pradesh freed around 93 prisoners on this The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was occasion. Several states distribute gas formed in the year 1980 by the former connections owing to the Ujjwala members of the Bharatiya Janata Yojana. In several other places, Sangh, with Vajpayee as its first programmes are conducted to create president. awareness regarding digital governance. Last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi ji, unveiled a plaque to lay the foundation stone of Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University, situated at India conducted the Pokhran-II nuclear tests, during his tenure in the year 1998. Lucknow. Our Prime Minister announced a set of initiatives taken by the government keeping Vajpayee tried to resolve issues with Pakistan by travelling by bus to Lahore, to meet the with good governance. He listed out his government's plan for the health sector, which includes Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif. After the Kargil War of 1999, he wanted to restore relations preventive healthcare, supply side interventions and expanding affordable healthcare. He with Pakistan. Hence, he invited the President, Pervez Musharraf to Agra, India for a stated the construction of around 1.25 lakh wellness centres to be the key to preventive summit. healthcare, in rural areas. He spoke about yoga, Ayurveda and its contribution towards Fit India Movement, as well as about Ujjwala Yojana and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Our Prime Minister The government of Narendra Modi ji declared in the year 2014 that Atal Bihari also stated that good governance for his government is nothing but abiding by the fundamental Vajpayee's birthday would be celebrated as Good Governance Day. In 2015, Vajpayee ji was laws of government. He wants every citizen to feel important and safe. He concluded by stating honoured with India's highest civilian award, which is the Bharat Ratna, by the then that every individual must fulfil their responsibility and achieve their goals which proves to be President of India, Pranab Mukherjee. He died due to age related illness on 16 August 2018. the spirit of Vajpayee. ****

NATIONAL CONSUMER DAY: “THE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMER” KISAN DIWAS: JAI JAWAN, JAI KISAN n India, National Consumer Day is observed on 24th December. Every year it is isan Diwas or Farmers Day is celebrated in India on 23 December, in celebrated with a different theme. This ritual started with the enactment of the remembrance of the former Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh, who IConsumer Protection Act, 1986. This day provides an opportunity for individuals to Kserved as the fifth Prime Minister of our country and is famously known as the understand the importance of the consumer act as well as the consumer rights and 'Kisan Leader'. responsibilities. Life of Chaudhary Charan Singh Consumer Protection Act, 1986 Charan Singh, born on 23 December 1902, belonged to a peasant family of a rural village The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 aimed at safeguarding the consumers against Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh. He is generally referred to as the 'Champion of India's peasants.' various ways of exploitation such as deficiency in services, defective goods and unfair trade Charan Singh was highly motivated by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and joined politics practices. One of the major objectives of the act was to provide a speedy amendment to wishing to be a part of the Independence Movement. In 1937, he was elected as a member of consumers. The next most important objective was to protect and promote the rights of the the Legislative Assembly of United Provinces. From then on, he started taking deep interest in consumers, The rights being, the right to be protected against hazardous goods and services law and started building his ideological stand against the atrocities by landlords. During the that may prove to be disastrous to life, the right of being informed about quantity, quality, period 1952 – 1967, he was one of the principal leaders of the Congress party. In the 1950s, he purity, standard, potency and price of goods such as to protect the consumers against unfair made an impression in Uttar Pradesh for drafting and passing land reform laws that were then trade practices, the right to have access to various goods and services with competitive price considered revolutionary. He served as a Parliament Secretary as well as a Revenue Minister range, the right to be assured that the consumer's priority and voice has value and at last, the for Land Reforms. He came to limelight in the year 1959, when he publicly opposed the then right to consumer education. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's land policies. Though his position in the party weakened, his impression amongst the peasant communities became prominent. The people of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 northern peasant community started seeing him as their spokesperson and then as their unquestioned leader. The Consumer Protection Act of 2019 came into effect from 20th July 2019. The Act empowers the consumers and helps the consumers in protecting their rights through various Charan Singh fought for tight government spending, he enforced a set of consequences provisions and rules such as the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, Consumer for the corrupt officers and demanded a firm handling in dealing with the request for dearness Protection Council, Product Liability, Mediation and punishment for the manufacturing or allowances and increased wages by government employees. Within his party, his clear sales of products having adulteration goods. The Act encompasses the establishment of the policies and values made him unique among his colleagues. Charan Singh joined the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA). CCPA helps to protect, promote and enforce opposition party on 1 April 1967. He became the first non-congress Chief Minister for the the rights of the consumers. CCPA has the authority to conduct investigations in accordance state of Uttar Pradesh. He became the Prime Minister of India in the year 1979. He was a great with the complaints lodged by consumers against violations of consumer rights, selling of reader as well as a writer. He has authored books namely 'Abolition of Zamindari', 'Co- unsafe goods, unfair trade practices and misleading advertisements. The Act has introduced operative Farming X', 'Joint Farming X-rayed', 'India's Economic Policy – The Gandhian the idea of product liability so that the consumer has a clear picture of whom to claim for Blueprint', 'Economic Nightmare of India: Its Cause and Cure' and 'Prevention of Division of compensation. The Act allows the consumers to file complaints electronically. Within this act, Holdings Below a Certain Minimum'. every e-commerce entity is supposed to provide information regarding refund, return, exchange, warranty, guarantee, modes of payment, shipment and delivery, charge-back Indian Farm Bill 2020 option and various other important information for a consumer to make an informed decision prior to the purchase. In this new Act, for Mediation, an Alternate Dispute Resolution The Indian Farm Reforms of 2020, comprising three acts were passed by the Lok Sabha mechanism has been introduced to simplify the process. As per the Act, no fees would be and the Rajya Sabha on 17th September 2020 and 20th September 2020 respectively. The bill charged for filing cases worth up to Rs. 5 lakhs. The CCPA has the right to impose a penalty up was passed in order to help the farmers by providing multiple marketing channels. The first to RS. 10 lakhs on a manufacturer and an imprisonment for two years for a misleading act i.e., the 'Farmer's Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020', advertisement. In case of repeated offence, the imprisonment may lead up to 5 years and fine aims at expanding the trade areas, allowing electronic trading as well as e-commerce of up to Rs. 50 lakhs. farmer's produce and prohibits the state governments from charging any market free form farmers, traders or e-commerce platforms for the trade being conducted in an 'outside trade Importance of the day area.' The second act which is the 'Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020' aims at providing a legal framework to enter The Consumer Rights Day is celebrated in order to create awareness about the existing into contacts with traders and price mentioned by farmers. This act proves to be a dispute and updated rights of consumers throughout the country to protect them against any sort of resolution mechanism. The third act namely 'Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020 injustice. This day serves as a reminder of the fact that denying the rights of a consumer is an removes food items such as, cereals, pulses, onions, potatoes and oil from essential act of social injustice. The various rights of consumers are- the right to safety, the right to commodities list. This bill has faced severe criticism and protests throughout the Country, the choose, the right to be well informed, the right to be heard, the right to seek amendment or main cause of the same being the uncertainty of how this will play out in reality. redressal and the right to consumer education. These are the basic rights of consumers which need to be protected and promoted at each level. Each year the day is celebrated with a unique Conclusion theme and the theme of this year is “The Sustainable Consumer”. Farmers have always been regarded as the backbone of our economy. Kisan Diwas is **** celebrated to educate the public about the importance of farmers. Hence it becomes our responsibility to respect them and their hard work.

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NATIONAL MATHEMATICS DAY: IN REMEMBRANCE OF THE MAN WHO KNEW INFINITY

ndia celebrates 22 December as National Mathematics Day. On 26 February How is National Mathematics Day Celebrated? 2012, Madras University conducted a ceremony to mark the 125th birth Ianniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan, an Indian mathematical genius. Former The International Society, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, at this occasion, declared December 22 as National Organization along with India work together to spread an understanding and learning of Mathematics Day. Former Prime Minister even declared the year 2012 as the National mathematics. Various steps are taken to educate students with mathematics and to spread Mathematics Year. knowledge amongst learners and students across nations. The National Academy of Science India (NASI) is an academy at Allahabad, which is known as the oldest science Life Of Srinivasa Ramanujan academy in India. Every year, a workshop is conducted by the National Academy of Science India. Popular experts and Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengar was lecturers across the nation, in the field of born into a Tamil Brahmin Iyengar mathematics, attend the workshop. family on 22 December 1887 at Erode, Country and world level speakers talk Tamil Nadu. Kuppuswamy Srinivasa a b o u t S r i n i v a s a R a m a n u j a n ' s Iyengar, father of Srinivasa Ramanujan c o n t r i b u t i o n s i n t h e fi e l d o f worked in a sari shop, whereas his mathematics. Last year the topic of the m o t h e r, K o m a l a t a m m a l w a s a workshop conducted by the National homemaker. During his childhood days, Academy of Science India was Ramanujan was least interested in 'Applications of Mathematics and attending school, but was highly fond of Ramanujan'. At the NASI headquarters, mathematics. He was called a child a two-day workshop was organized prodigy. This is because at the age of 11, from 30 December 2019 - 31 December he had mastered mathematical 2019, the topic of which was 'History of knowledge from the books of two Indian Mathematics before the 16th college students who lodged at his home. Century'. The workshop covered a He then mastered trigonometry from the thorough discussion about the book on advanced trigonometry written contributions made by the Indian by S. L. Loney. From the age of 14, he Mathematicians, right from the Vedic started receiving academic awards and period until the medieval period. These merit certificates which continued contributions have never been subjected throughout his school life. He was to controversy, which in itself is an talented enough to complete his achievement. Important talks were mathematics exams in half the time given on the topics such as, Indian allotted. He showed familiarity with Contribution in the Vedic Period, during infinite series and geometry. At an early the Classical Period and the Medieval age of 16, Ramanujan started studying a Period. Each state or Union Territory book named A Synopsis of Elementary has its own way of celebrating this R e s u l t s i n P u r e a n d A p p l i e d magnificent day. Schools, colleges and Mathematics which has a collection of 5000 theorems. Though he lacked formal training in universities organize various competitions related to mathematics along with the field of mathematics, he made a huge number of contributions for the same. He mathematical quizzes. Colleges and universities keep these competitions open for all contributed to mathematical analysis, infinite series, number theory, continued fractions students, irrespective of their major field. and provided the solutions to mathematical problems that were considered unsolvable at that time. In 1913, Ramanujan started a postal partnership with G.H. Hardy, an English Conclusion mathematician from University of Cambridge, England. Hardy found Ramanujan's works to be extraordinary. Hence, he arranged for him a journey to Cambridge. Hardy even Srinivasa Ramanujan has made a place in the Royal Society. It is an award given to commented on Ramanujan sayings, his new theorems were ground-breaking, and that individuals who have made contributions substantially to the natural improvement of some even defeated him. He asserted that he hadn't seen anything of that sort before. knowledge in whatsoever field of study. He is the youngest person to receive that award and Ramanujan had managed to compile independently around 3900 results, which were is the first Indian elected as a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. '1729' is a number mostly identities and equations. He introduced many novel and highly unconventional known to be the Hardy-Ramanujan Number. Ramanujan's contributions to the field of results. The Ramanujan theta function, the Ramanujan prime, mock theta functions and mathematics are immense. Hence, this day is celebrated to spread awareness about the partition formulae have paved a way for a wide range of research. A scientific journal contributions of Srinivasa Ramanujan, a born genius and about the importance of named The Ramanujan Journal was established to publish works influenced by mathematics. Ramanujan, in all areas of mathematics. In 1920, at the age of 32, Ramanujan died due to ill 'An equation means nothing to me unless it expresses a thought of God' health. -Srinivasa Ramanujan ****

POSSIBILITIES IN UNION BUDGET BI MONTHLY MONETARY POLICY EXPLAINED! onetary policy affects are seen largely on the money supply management and interest rates; generally, effects in achieving macro-economic Mobjectives to grow our economy. But how does it function in on a country spectrum? And what does the policy approach this time? In short monetary policy regards the demand side on an economy, aiming to manage the money supply to meet the requirements of economic sectors to have a sustainable increase in a country's economy. For instance, RBI who implements the monetary policy influences credit control, bank rates, open markets, reverse repo or such kind of instruments to have an expansion or contraction in the economic system. Whether its expansionary or contractionary depends on the economic situations the country is going through. Considering reviving the economy amidst COVID what kind of policy will RBI prevail? To explain a little further, to have liquidity of funds, RBI would purchase bonds from open markets which in turn induces the money into the economic system which reduces the interest rates availed by the bank. These reduces in interest rate leads to the withdrawals of money as now they get low gains than earlier. nion budget is in reach within 6 weeks and Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has been very vocal unlike her predecessors about the occurrence During the 4th Bi monthly Monetary Policy meeting certain highlights discussed Uof Union Budget. It is seen that Finance Minister has been giving hints on how were; will a-never-seen-before Union Budget will unfold. Its seen that she's been preparing the 1. It is projected that the GDP would see a contract of 7.5 % in FY 2020-21 which is economy ecosystem for an unprecedented Budget. better than the last quarter which was contracted to 9.5%; this is a positive growth estimated by the officials for the second half of the financial year. To begin with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) has been suspended for an 2. A foresight of first half 2021-22, GDP placed at an increase of 6.5%; while entire financial year, to give relief to majorly stress companies; likely this suspension stands Consumer Price Index is projected from 5.2% to 4.6%. void for defaults before March 2020. It is said that given the insolvency and bankruptcy 3. It's also seen that the interest rates are status quo pro remained unchanged with repo cases finally getting liquidated has curbed the interests of the investors throughout this at 4%, reverse repo at 3.35%, and Bank rate, and marginal standing fixed at 4.25%. pandemic, this could give a breather to such companies. Finance Minister is seen dropping 4. With a decrease in Indian exports by 9% due to a substantial drop in petroleum, hints on how this Budget would have its main focus on Public Spending's including public engineering, and chemical products. Indian foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 574.8 sector investments and expenditure push through infrastructure, and health sectors. Billion. 5. The Kamath Committee under Chairman Kundapur Vaman Kamath has decided to “We shall definitely sustain the momentum of public spending in infrastructure. extend Targeted Long-Term Repo Operations (i.e., this lets banks borrow funds from RBI Because that is the one way, we assure that the multipliers will work and the economy's against repo rate for one to three years, by providing government securities having similar revival will be sustainable. I am conscious that the forthcoming Budget will have a or higher collateral) to 26 identified stressed sectors to achieve more liquidity. It's says this vibrancy that is so required for the economy's revival, sustainable revival.” FM said. should encourage banks to combine this scheme with Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme to provide credit to these stress sectors. The medium-term target set in the 2020-21 Budget of a fiscal deficit is 3.1% for GDP 6. RBI also reviewed Credit Default Swaps, an over-the-counter derivative in which of FY23. But given the pandemic this target will again get postponed for years or so. It's no the seller commits the buyer for any loss resulting from a credit event. news that Indian economy has seen a substantial downfall even before the pandemic hit. 7. Amidst COVID'19 situations, Banks are asked not make dividend payments for One thing is for sure this budget will be more on public spending given that people need FY20, this will absorb losses of scheduled and commercial banks trying to normalize the more of a disposable income for living. The capital expenditure is seen to be increased capital. earlier under the light of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The Finance Commission has recorded a 8. RBI will also undertake scrutiny of Shadow Lenders after chained events leading to fiscal deficit for around 7.5-8% of GDP this year while the targeted was 3.5% which no bankruptcy of two major banks and attempts to rescue some banks in the process. RBI longer has impacts given how the expenditure and income bars were seen dwindling. The expects to have bad loans at a 5% peak. GDP contraction this year seems to have debt GDP consolidation in the next year. It may 9. RTGS is made on Around the clock basis while contactless payments limit be also increase the spending in creation of capital assets, and also a one-time provisional increased to 5000. expense for COVID19 related as high as 80,000 crores. Given the budget Nirmala Sitharaman is also seems to urge the public sector undertakings to spend their budgeted To conclude, RBI expects CPI to be 5.8% in the fourth quarter of 2020-21. With an aim capital without any delay. to elevate the economy by providing liquidity in funds can prove to be baby steps in reaching economic stability. Nirmala Sitharaman has been guided by the virtue of Indian entrepreneurs and their attitude to stand up in any given situation. ****

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ASHRAF PATEL: SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR OF THE YEAR, 2020

he one way to navigate our journey is to remain deeply connected to yourself. Ashraf is working with students who attend elite schools and colleges– the place that Keep Learning! Failure and success will keep coming, but If we are learning all builds and develops most of the future leaders of the country. As an alternative to moral Tthe time and evolving ourselves continuously we can manage to navigate and values education courses, Ashraf's curriculum is flexible and interactive. It helps students to make the change and be the change we want to see. Says, Ashraf Patel, Social Entrepreneur of look within, probe into their immediate and extended roles within a community, and then the Year 2020 . While most of us dream to settle down working in big MNCs, a few like Ashraf connect to a broader social context. Further, through group activities such as games, group aim to use their potential to bring a change in the society. Ashraf Patel has created a multi- discussions, role play, residential workshops, theater and music, students help one another dimensional curriculum for schools and colleges that empowers Indian urban youth to (with the assistance of moderators and resource people), to confront and analyze conditioned understand and deal with widespread social issues. In doing so, she provides them with the values, biases, stereotypes and social trends. These studies and exercises help them realize intellectual framework and opportunities for strong and socially that social responsibility is a logical progression of self awareness. responsible leadership. Ashraf's ability to think, create, and The students are also helped to acknowledge the need for disseminate her skills was shaped by a unique combination of keen responsible interaction with the community and the larger society. intelligence, youthful idealism, and a strong family background that embodied independent thinking, tolerance, and social commitment. The Pravah Smile curriculum has different programs for schools Her father who is a civil engineer, is a Muslim and her mother, a and college students. While the basis structure is the same, the former college professor, is a Hindu. The youngest among four programs are designed in a way to adapt to the intellectual and siblings, Ashraf was privileged grow up in a liberal cosmopolitan emotional maturity of different student groups. Participatory environment. Ashraf and her siblings were not forced into exercises and workshops that make up an integral part the Hinduism or Islam. They were given the liberty to decide on their curriculum have been created after thorough research on studies in religious preferences responsibly when they were adults. human resource development and social work. They also benefit from the knowledge, skills and experience of resource persons who She attended Hansraj College in Delhi, majoring in Physics. work in theater, the arts, and community activism. The purpose, She says, " It made me uncomfortable to think that as students of a explains Ashraf, is to provide students the opportunity to interact premier college, we had access to so much and we took it all for granted." Her need for a with people who question conventions, are committed to unconventional areas of work and complete campus experience crowded her life in college with activities such as sports, have managed the compromises and the tensions. cultural activities and study of behavioral patterns. After completing her graduation, she went to the Xavier Labor Relations Institute in Jamshedpur to obtain a post-graduate diploma in Apart from this, Ashraf also conducts workshops in colleges and schools in other areas. Personnel Management and Industrial Relations with a specialization in Human Resource She has drafted a training course for social workers to place her model in other schools for use Development. She describes that experience as the opportunity to be a part of a diverse group by their in-house staff, thereby facilitating quicker outreach to more schools. To take her where each one possessed different skills. So, as friends they could draw on each other's program to the next stage of conceptual growth, Ashraf is planning a youth placement interests such as theatre, adventure, sports, development etc. She later realised that such program to help young people become involved with citizen social change movements and exposure to different interests and people was essential for every individual. She initially organizations around the country. She is also creating a training course in social chose work in a financial services company as Manager of Human Resources and entrepreneurship to promote the field as a viable career option for young people. encountered parochial, narrow-minded thinking among her colleagues, some of whom were highly regarded professionals at the senior management level. She then made a career switch Ashraf also subsequently co-founded ComMutiny–The Youth Collective, in 2008. by going to work for a community project with slum children.The threat of imminent ComMutiny is a collective of youth led and youth centric organisations across India. Their devastating communal warfare that arose with the demolition of the Babri Mosque, in goal is to provide blanket support for their members and create an empowering space for Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, stirred Ashraf to get involved in the peace committee of local young people, a space they refer to as the 5th Space. They create public engagement residents associations that worked to stop the forced eviction of Bangladeshi refugees in the initiatives, research and media projects, as well as help different youth groups, collaborate nearby locality. She also became a member of an academic activist group in Delhi formed to and build coalitions. fight against the spread of communalism, but discovered that she could not relate and adapt to their radical approach. The demolition of the mosque and the consequences that followed Ashraf Patel, who is currently in the limelight for winning Social Entrepreneur of the inspired Ashraf to make changes to and focus on her career decision. Drawing from her Year, 2020 had also been a finalist for the same award in 2016. She is an Ashoka fellow and diverse experiences, she realized that people require a process of social sensitization that was awarded the distinguished Alumni XLRI 2015. As a passionate advocate, she has been begins early in school and is designed to involve the large and crucial Indian middle class. part of policy making as a member of Boards and steering committees of a number or After testing the model in a school, she went on to set up Pravah-Smile. organisations and collectives at National and International levels. She is the co-author of 'Ocean In A Drop – Inside Out Youth Leadership' (Sage 2013) and was part of anchoring an Ashraf Patel's organization, Pravah-Smile, offers students a curriculum that, for the first Asia-wide research as part of the International Baseline Study of Youth Work in the time looks beyond a prescribed syllabus and initiates youth to practical decision-making Commonwealth. within a complex context of social problems. Her aim is to create a new generation of responsible, aware and sensible decision-makers. She says, "We feel that we must instill Strong and responsible leaders is what we need to build a prosperous and peaceful awareness and sensitivity towards societal issues in young individuals who will be the country and Patel's initiatives towards developing such leaders is highly commendable decision-makers and leaders of the future. Typically, these are the youth who have better deserves appreciation. opportunities today". She believes there is an urgent need to help train tomorrow's leaders to build institutions that will prevent social conflicts from taking place rather than perpetuating **** the cycle of badly- timed and ineffective responses after the occurrence of a conflict.

SATURN JUPITER GREAT CONJUNCTION TOOK World Bank, Modi government signed USD 500- PLACE ON DECEMBER 21 million pact to develop green, safe highway f you are a celestial body lover and just wait to witness space events, 21 December was no less than a delight for you. The longest night of the year also made us see corridors Isomething that takes place once in every 20 years. It was the Jupiter Saturn he Indian Government on 22 December, Conjunction that was visible to the entire world with naked eye. There wasn't any need of Tuesday, signed a 500-million USD loan binoculars, telescopes or any other special instrument to view this rare phenomenon as the Tpact with the World Bank to build safe and planet approached each other by 6 arc minutes Though both the planets come closer to each green national highway corridors in the states of Uttar other after every two decades, what made this time so special was that the Conjunction was Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Andhra very clearly visible to everyone and from every part of the world while normally it is not the Pradesh. This mega infra project will improve the case. Most of the time the event took place in day or the planets were too far from each other capacity of the ministry in incorporating safe as well as to be seen. This made the scientist call this conjugation as the Great Conjunction. Moreover green technologies. The loan from the International Bank this type of Great Conjunction was seen last in 1623 when these bodies were as close as 5 arc for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has a maturity tenure of 18.5 years which minutes. These are the two slowest moving planets in the sky. Jupiter takes nearly 12 years to includes a grace period of five years. As per a report by the finance ministry, The Green describe a full circle in the heavens, while Saturn takes 29.5 years to make one full trip around National Highways Corridors project will provide support to the Ministry of Road Transport the sun. Because of their respective slow movement, a conjunction or — to the ancients — a and Highways (MoRTH) in construction of 783 km of highways by merging technology "celestial summit meeting," was rather unusual and takes place on an average 20 years. designs such as local and marginal materials, industrial byproducts, and other bioengineering People suggested that this season these two planets might be a replica of the legendary Star of solutions. Junaid Ahmad, World Bank country director for India said that the project will Bethlehem. Another more popular theories for the "Christmas Star" was conjunctions provide systematic transportation for road users in the four states it is being implemented. He between Jupiter and Saturn in 7 BC because in that year too Jupiter and Saturn met not once also said the project will help people connect with markets and services, promote efficient use but three times throughout the year (in May, September and December). of construction materials and water to reduce the depletion of scarce natural resources, and help lower the emission of greenhouse gases. The infra project will carry out tasks such as construction of new pavements, drainage facilities and bypasses. I will improve junctions INDIAN PUGILISTS BAGGED NINE MEDALS along with strengthening and widening existing structures. Introduction of road safety features also forms a part of the project. According to the ministry, it is important that the INCLUDING 3 GOLDS IN COLOGNE, BOXING investments in infrastructure are climate-resilient. Hence, disaster risk assessment of about WORLD CUP CHAMPIONSHIP 5,000 km of the NH network will be carried out under the project. he Indian boxers won a total of nine medals and finished at second spot overall at the NITI AAYOG CEO AMITABH KANT LAUNCHED TCologne Boxing world Championship held in Cologne, Germany. Indian boxers had three golds, two FILE SHARING APP silver and two bronze medals in their tally. The three gold ndia's first digital file storage, sharing and medalists are Amit Panghal, Manisha Moun, and management app called DigiBoxx was Simranjeet Kaur in different categories. Simranjeet Kaur, Ilaunched by the NITI aayog CEO, the bronze medalist of AIBA women's World boxing Amitabh Kant on 22 December, Tuesday. The championship, played an impressive bout in the finals to product which is suitable for both businesses and defeat her German opponent Maya Kleinhans and lifted the gold medal in the 60kg category. individual users, aims to provide its users an In an all India fight in the 57kg category, Manisha Moun faced the AIBA Women's Youth affordable and efficient way to store and manage World Champion Sakshi Choudhary. It was a thrilling contest and Manisha won the bout 3:2, files. DigiBoxx is founded by a tech startup bagging the gold medal while Sakshi ended the campaign with a silver medal. 2018 Asian promoted by Arnab Mitra, MD, LIQVD ASIA along with Ashish Jalan and Vivek Suchanti, Games gold medalist and 2019 ASBC Asian Champion Amit Panghal who had made his way Concept Group. The cloud storage service by DigiBoxx will initially be available on web to the finals by defeating France's AIBA World Boxing Championships bronze medalists desktops and Android, but as per NITI aayog an iOS version for the same will be launched Billal Bennama, defeated his German opponent in the finals to win the the round-robin soon. The pricing for the services has been done such that it could suit maximum category of competition at the men's flyweight (52kg). India's super heavyweight (+91kg) boxer Satish people. One tier with 20GB cloud storage is available for free. A second tier which is priced at Kumar, had to settle down for a silver as he could not play the finals owing to an injury and Rs 30 per month provides 5TB storage. The third tier is for small and medium businesses at had withdrawn against Germany's Nelvie Tiafack, the other finalist. Satish had reached the Rs 999 per month and provides with up to 50TB storage. The final tier, suitable for enterprises semis after defeating France's Djamili Dini Moindze. Sonia Lather, Gaurav Solanki and provides unlimited data storage with varied pricing. Apart from features such as syncing with Mohamed Hussamudin bagged a bronze medal each in the 57 kg category while Pooja Rani google and real-time multi-user file collaboration, DigiBoxx also claims to offer SSL file won a bronze in the 75kg category. encryption. The interface of DigiBoxx is similar to that of Dropbox. The most interesting feature of the service is that users who don't have an DigiBoxx account can also share files. This feature has been named as InstaShare and permits users to share up to 2GB of content for free. All one needs to do is have their mobile number or email-ID. As soon as a file is To place an Advertisement uploaded, a link will be generated which can be used by the recipient to download the content. The data remains available on the link for 45 days post which it will be deleted and please call on +91- 8433608140 the link becomes invalid. Due to its competitive pricing and user-friendly interface DigiBoxx might become popular soon among users.

AN EMBARRASSING DEFEAT FOR INDIA IN THE PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI PRESENTED ADELAIDE TEST AS THE TEAM RECORDED ITS THE ASSOCHAM CENTENARY AWARD TO LOWEST TEST TOTAL RATAN TATA fter winning the T20 series against the host ndustrialists are the backbone of any nation. nation Australia, team India wanted to They serve to raise the economy of any Acontinue that same streak in the longest Ideveloping or developed country. But when version but were completely outshined by the hosts in the any such person keeps aside his self-interest and work first pink ball test at Adelaide. The visitors succumbed to an for uplifting the weaker sections of society, he turns no eight wicket loss as they were bowled out on 36 which was less than a messiah for them and sets an example for also the team's lowest test total since history. Captain Virat every successful person. One such great personality is Kohli won the toss and decided to bat first on the first day of Mr. Ratan Tata, head of the TATA group. He has been Match. Team India managed to score 244 against the deadly pace attack of Australia with the praised and awarded many times before for his deeds Captain himself scoring 74, supported by the contribution of Pujara and Rahane who scored and another category has been added to this list. PM 43 and 42 respectively. The Australian pacers Starc picked 4 wickets while Cummins M O D I p r e s e n t e d h i m t h e A S S O C H A M managed to turn 3 Indian batsmen to the pavilion. Australian 1st innings was also a similar CENTENARY AWARD and acknowledged that in the performance as the visitors. They were bowled out at 191 with the caption Tim Paine scoring last 100 years, the entire TATA group has worked immensely for strengthening India's a brilliant not out innings of 73. Indian bowlers Ashwin and Umesh picked 4 and 3 wickets economy and moreover has helped the common Indian citizen. This award, thus is an honour respectively. The havoc was yet to be witnessed in the 2nd Innings of India were none of their for his distinguished contributions to the entire country. Ratan Tata also didn't fail to mention batsmen was able to reach double digit score and the entire team was bowled out at 36 with our PM's role in the tough pandemic time. He further added that he always valued what our the last batsman Shami declared medically unfit to play. The pace attack of Aussies didn't Prime Minister wanted to do and also hoped that the industry world will now be able to take allow any batsman to settle on the crease. Hazlewood got a 5-fer and Cummins took the rest 4 forward the benefits of his strong leadership. ASSOCHAM stands for the 'Associated wickets. The Aussies made this small target of 90 look like a cakewalk and reached the total Chambers' of Commerce of the nation and represents the trade and commerce in India. It has in 21 overs and 8 wickets remaining. India would like to come back stronger and better in all the goal of promoting both international and national trade and to reduce the trade barriers the aspects that too without Captain Kohli who will not be part of XI for the rest 3 games as he within nations. It was established in 1920 by the promoter's chambers and represents all the returned India for a paternity leave. regions of India covering over 400 chambers and over 4.5 lakh people in it.

INDIAN RAILWAYS DEVELOPED NATIONAL RAIL UTTAR PRADESH CM NAMED JEWAR AIRPORT PLAN TO INCREASE MODAL SHARE OF AS NOIDA INTERNATIONAL GREENFIELD RAILWAYS AIRPORT he Indian railways, aiming to he greenfield airport being address the problems pertaining to built in Uttar Pradesh's Jewar Tcapacity constraints and improve its Tw i l l b e c a l l e d N o i d a modal share in the total freight ecosystem of the International Greenfield Airport. The logo country have come up with a National Rail Plan. of the airport shows a Sarus Crane, the state The Ministry of Railways, in its statement said bird of Uttar Pradesh, in flight. Uttar that a long-term strategic plan called the Pradesh Chief Minister Mr. Yogi National Rail Plan has been developed to plan Adityanath, on December 18, Friday had infrastructural capacity enhancement along with approved the name, design and logo of the the strategies to increase the modal share of the airport. The mega international airport Railways. He further said that the National Rail which is to be built on an area of about Plan will be a common platform for all future infrastructural, business, and financial planning 1,334 hectares in Greater Noida at a cost of of the Railways. The ministry also added that this plan is being circulated among various Rs 29,650 crore will be constructed by 2023-24. The development will take place in four Ministries for their views now and Railways aim to finalise the final plan by the end of phases and will have two runways to begin with, which are expected to be later increased to January 2021. The major objectives of the plan is to create capacity greater than demand by five. The airport will have an initial capacity of 12 million passengers per year. Zurich Airport 2030 which could cater to the growth in demand up to 2050. The plan aims to formulate International AG, received the contract to build the airport in November 2019 and also strategies based on both operational capacities and commercial policy initiatives to increase obtained the security clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs to develop the Noida the modal share of the Railways, which is currently 27 % to 45% in freight by 2030. The International Airport in May this year. The Swiss developer has selected a consortium of four transit time of freight trains will be reduced by increasing their average speed, as per the plan. companies from Norway, England and India who will be designing the airport. The first flight Vision 2024 has been launched as a part of National Rail Plan and targets to accelerate the will most likely take off by December 2023 or January 2024. According to Noida implementation of certain important projects such as 100% electrification, multitracking of International Airport Limited (NIAL) CEO Arun Vir Singh, the resettlement and routes with heavy traffic , upgradation of speed to 160 kmph on Delhi-Howrah and Delhi- rehabilitation of more than three thousand families from six villages, who are getting Mumbai routes, increment of speed to 130kmph on all other Golden Quadrilateral-Golden displaced due to the mega Greenfield project , will cost around 350 crore and is expected to be Diagonal (GQ/GD) routes and elimination of all Level Crossings on all GQ/GD route. completed by May 21.

IIT MADRAS RECEIVED THE DEFENCE MINISTER RAJNATH “MOST INNOVATIVE INSTITUTE SINGH INAUGURATED OF THE YEAR" AWARD HYPERSONIC WIND TUNNEL TEST FACILITY AT DRDO v e r y n a t i o n Eworks to 1 . H y p o t h e r m i a strengthen its military indirectly causes the power by including c o l d . D u e t o l o w v a r i o u s n e w temperature antivirus m e c h a n i s m s , signals decrease to ammunition and latest produce in the immune technology in its system, then viruses resources. India is also attack on the body and one of the leading we suffer from cold. he Indian Institutes of Technology are the strong countries which is on pillars of our nation's higher education. They the way to raise its 2. Chameleon changes release a mass that attains name and fame in the T military resources. The Prime Minister's Moto of color because of its entire world. Each IIT institute is known for one or other AATMANIRBHAR BHARAT and MAKE IN INDIA have e m o t i o n a l a n d peculiarities. IIT MADRAS has been known to work in a added to this strong goal. Our Defence Minister Mr. Rajnath psychological state. very innovative and creative way from a long period. This Singh also works to implement new modifications and And it is also known for time it bagged the 'Most innovative institute of the year 2020' techniques for this purpose. This time he inaugurated the t h e i r o w n k i n d o f for its amazing innovation by Confederation of Indian advanced Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (HWT) test facility during o r i g i n a l w a y o f Industry ( CII). It was given during the '26th DST-CII his visit to Defence Research and Development Organisation's Communication. Technology Summit' held virtually on December 9. Earlier (DRDO's) Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex in IIT Madras was adjudged as the 'Top innovative Institution' Hyderabad. After the USA and Russia, India is the third of the country in Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation country to have such a large facility, if size and operating 3 . D e o d o r a n t a n d Achievements (ARIIA) in 2019 and 2020. capacity is concerned. It has the capability to simulate Antiperspirant are hypersonic flow over a large spectrum and will help in the different from each Most important innovation that helped this institution realisation of the highly complex futuristic aerospace and other. Deodorant only win this prize was the VITALSENS platform for clinical- defence system. Basically, the HWT facility is a vacuum fights with the smell of grade wearable health monitoring. It includes the wireless pressure driven free jet facility having nozzle diameter of 1 sweat produced by the continuous multi-parameter patient monitoring device and metre and will simulate Mach no.5 to 12.( Mach: b o d y w h e r e a s , related apps, developed by Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam, Multiplication factor to speed of sound) Antiperspirant deals Faculty Head, Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre with the sweat. (HTIC), IIT Madras. Other than this, Sujata Srinivasan, Other than this tunnel, the Defence Minister also Faculty head, TTK centre for Rehabilitation research and witnessed various missiles, avionics systems, advanced device development made the first standing wheelchair materials, electronic warfare, quantum key distribution 4. Antibiotics treat only ARISE and V.Kamakoti, the department of computer science technology, directed energy weapons, Gallium Arsenide and bacterial infections not and engineering made the first indigenous microprocessor Gallium Nitride technology capabilities presented before him viral infections, such as named SHAKTI. Moreover, it is the first IIT institution in by DRDO labs. The scientists and other professionals present flu, common cold or India to have a complete research park where various there explained each and every model's role and functioning to a c u t e r e s p i r a t o r y corporate firms have established Research and development him. infections etc. centres. It provides an opportunity for various students to do internships and get a perfect job. Mr. Singh also congratulated G Satheesh Reddy, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, 5. Adult cats can't On receiving this grand award, Mr. Ravindra Gettu, DRDO, for their contribution to the development of digest milk because to Dean (Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research) of technologies for combating Covid-19 Pandemic and digest milk, digestive IIT Madras, stated that they constantly focus on making their wholeheartedly acknowledged the efforts in establishment of system must contain innovations usable by the national industry by providing Covid-19 hospitals at Delhi and Bihar along with the lactase enzyme and in global-level knowledge and enhancing academic-industry development of indigenous ventilators and PPE kits in this very a d u l t c a t s l a c t a s e collaborations. short span of time. And urged the scientists to work with same production is less that dedication and make India soon a Super Power. leads to a stomach disorder. **** ****

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