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Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolas De Hidalgo Facultad De Contaduría Y Ciencias Administrativas

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Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolas De Hidalgo Facultad De Contaduría Y Ciencias Administrativas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Facultad de Contaduría y Ciencias Administrativas Licenciatura en: Informática Administrativa Tema: Distribuidores de Linux Materia: Seguridad Informática Elaborado por: Eduardo Aldaco Arias Sección 27 6to semestre A 21 de junio del 2021 Índice introducción……………………………………………………………………………………..pág. sistema operativo Linux…………………………………………………………………..pág. Objetivo……………………………………………………………………………………………pág. Distribución Linux (CentOS)………………………………………………………………pág. Características técnicas……………………………………………………………………pág. Opinión personal……………………………………………………………………………..pág. Distribución Linux (Ubuntu)………………………………………………………………pág. Características técnicas……………………………………………………………………pág. Opinión personal……………………………………………………………………………..pág. Distribución Linux (Fedora)………………………………………………………………pág. Características técnicas……………………………………………………………………pág. Opinión personal……………………………………………………………………………..pág. Distribución Linux (SuSE)………………………………………………………………pág. Características técnicas……………………………………………………………………pág. Opinión personal……………………………………………………………………………..pág. Distribución Linux (Red Hat) ………………………………………………………………pág. Características técnicas……………………………………………………………………pág. Opinión personal……………………………………………………………………………..pág. Distribución Linux (Mint)………………………………………………………………pág. Características técnicas……………………………………………………………………pág. Opinión personal……………………………………………………………………………..pág. Bibliografía……………………………………………………………………………………….pág. 1 Introducción Linux es un sistema operativo gratuito y de libre distribución inspirado en el sistema Unix, prácticamente todo el sistema operativo linux es software libre, se puede modificar y distribuir libremente. Puesto que existe la libre distribución, quien quiera puede construir su sistema operativo con los programas básicos más aquellos programas que más le guste, o los que vea más adecuados para su uso final: PYMEs, colegios, universidades, profesionales de imagen y sonido, programadores, usuario medio... De ahí que surjan distintas agrupaciones, con su estilo personalizado (imágenes, fondos, y temas de escritorio) llamadas distribuciones (o distros, de forma coloquial). Muchas veces, las grandes distribuciones, hechas por empresas que ofrecen soporte técnico para este sistema, hacen programas que hacen más fácil su utilización, soporte de drivers, instalación o configuración, que en un principio consistía en editar manualmente archivos de configuración en modo texto. Esos programas suelen ser software libre, que puede ser modificado, mejorado e incluido en otras distribuciones. Hay una gran cantidad de distribuciones. Muchas nacen y con el tiempo dejan de tener nuevas versiones, de forma que no se actualizan. Otras tienen una longevidad histórica y han sido referencia en el panorama del software libre. Unas son puristas en cuanto a la libertad del software que ofrecen. Otras ofrecen además del software libre, software privativo dedicado en gran parte al soporte de hardware (drivers) o programas que actualmente no han podido ser reemplazados por software libre. Algunas traen los programas estrictamente necesarios para el funcionamiento, otros traen (incluso desde el liveCD) aplicaciones de ofimática, reproductores de música y video y navegadores web. 2 ¿Qué es el sistema operativo Linux? LINUX es un sistema operativo, compatible Unix. Dos características muy peculiares lo diferencian del resto de los sistemas que podemos encontrar en el mercado, la primera, es que es libre, esto significa que no tenemos que pagar ningún tipo de licencia a ninguna casa desarrolladora de software por el uso del mismo, la segunda, es que el sistema viene acompañado del código fuente. El sistema lo forman el núcleo del sistema (kernel) más un gran número de programas / librerías que hacen posible su utilización. Es un sistema operativo diseñado por cientos de programadores de todo el planeta, aunque el principal responsable del proyecto es Linus Tovalds. Su objetivo inicial es propulsar el software de libre distribución junto con su código fuente para que pueda ser modificado por cualquier persona, dando rienda suelta a la creatividad. El hecho de que el sistema operativo incluya su propio código fuente expande enormemente las posibilidades de este sistema. Este método también es aplicado en numerosas ocasiones a los programas que corren en el sistema, lo que hace que podamos encontrar muchísimos programas útiles totalmente gratuitos y con su código fuente. Y la cuestión es que es un sistema operativo totalmente gratuito. Objetivo de la investigación El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la distribución de software Linux que incluye determinados paquetes de software para satisfacer las necesidades de un grupo específico de usuarios, dando así origen a ediciones domésticas, empresariales y para servidores. Por lo general están compuestas, total o mayoritariamente, de software libre, aunque a menudo incorporan aplicaciones o controladores propietarios. Además, las distribuciones incluyen habitualmente las bibliotecas y herramientas del proyecto GNU y el sistema de ventanas X Window System. Dependiendo del tipo de usuarios a los que la distribución esté dirigida se incluye también otro tipo de software como procesadores de texto, hoja de cálculo, reproductores multimedia, herramientas administrativas, etc. 3 Distribuidor Linux (CentOS) CentOS (Community ENTerprise Operating System) es una distribución Linux que consiste en una bifurcación a nivel binario de la distribución GNU/Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux RHEL, compilado por voluntarios a partir del código fuente publicado por Red Hat, siendo la principal diferencia con este la eliminación de todas las referencias a las marcas y logos propiedad de Red Hat. Es un sistema operativo de código abierto, basado en la distribución Red Hat Enterprise Linux, operándose de manera similar, y cuyo objetivo es ofrecer al usuario un software de "clase empresarial" gratuito. Se define como robusto, estable y fácil de instalar y utilizar. Desde la versión 5, cada lanzamiento recibe soporte durante diez años, por lo que la actual versión 7 recibirá actualizaciones de seguridad hasta el 30 de junio de 2024. Características técnicas En Linux existen muchas distribuciones, la mayoría orientada al escritorio y muy pocas se orientan al mercado de servidores, entre ellas se puede destacar Ubuntu, Debian y por supuesto RHEL, siendo esta última la de mayor renombre en el mercado comercial y CentOS hereda lo mejor de ella ofreciendo la misma calidad de forma gratuita. Es una distribución estable, con paquetes especialmente seleccionados para ganar en estabilidad reduciendo caídas, errores y pérdida de rendimiento por asuntos de software muy inestable o poco probados. Distribución de Linux estable CentOS cuenta con una comprometida comunidad de desarrolladores que la mantiene actualizada y garantiza la compatibilidad tanto con software nuevo como con aplicaciones antiguas. Además, los desarrolladores de CentOS cuentan con el soporte de una comunidad activa de usuarios voluntarios de todas partes del mundo administradores de sistemas, administradores de red, apasionados de Linux que prueban las versiones, renuevan actualizaciones y proporcionan soporte. Alto rendimiento y disponibilidad Ofrece un gran rendimiento y alta disponibilidad al usar KVM (Máquina Virtual basada en el kernel o Kernel-based Virtual Machine, en inglés) para la virtualización. Elevado nivel de seguridad El equipo de seguridad de Red Hat detecta vulnerabilidades de manera proactiva y garantiza un nivel de seguridad elevado. Asimismo, CentOS incluye la extensión del kernel SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux, en inglés). Actualizaciones regulares y soporte 4 Las versiones de CentOS se actualizan de forma regular, aproximadamente cada 6 meses, y ofrecen soporte durante 10 años. Versiones de CentOS Las versiones de CentOS están basadas en cada versión equivalente de RHEL. De modo que cada versión de CentOS adquiere el número de versión y la fecha de su equivalente en Red Hat Enterprise Linux. La fecha de cada versión corresponde al año y mes de publicación de la versión equivalente de Red Hat. Por ejemplo, la versión 8 de CentOS se llama «CentOS 8.0-1905» porque RHEL 8.0 fue publicada en mayo de 2019. Ventajas y desventajas de CentOS Estabilidad CentOS es uno de los sistemas Linux más estables lo cual lo hace ideal para servidores, además está basado en RHEL una de las mejores distribuciones Linux para servidores. CentOS a diferencia de otros sistemas más generales tiene una cuidadosa selección de paquetes que se instalan por defecto, para garantizar la es la estabilidad en los repositorios por defecto solo se encuentran paquetes con versiones estables de los mismos. Velocidad Al prescindir de paquetes innecesarios e instalar solo lo indispensable se traduce en un sistema más liviano, a su vez el kernel, los módulos del mismo y los servicios más utilizados están configurados para sacar el máximo provecho al hardware del servidor. Confiabilidad Es un sistema sumamente robusto, al utilizar menos paquetes las actualizaciones son menos frecuentes que en otros sistemas simplificando la administración, además su ciclo de vida es de aproximadamente 5 años para soporte completo y 10 años para actualizaciones críticas, un tiempo razonable a diferencia de otras distribuciones que pueden ser de apenas 18 meses o menos incluso. Software Otra de las grandes ventajas que se tiene con CentOS es la disponibilidad de software especializado sobre todo en el mundo del Hosting, por ejemplo, es compatible con
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