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De Geschiedenis Van Linux Hans Lunsing
De geschiedenis van Linux Hans Lunsing Linus Torvalds begon in 1991 met de ontwikkeling van Linux als vervanger van het voor hem veel te dure Unix, dat hem wel als voorbeeld diende. De naam Linux is dan ook een samentrekking van zijn naam Linus en Unix. Daarom kan de vroege geschiedenis van Unix worden gezien als de voorgeschiedenis van Linux. Voorgeschiedenis: Multics voor dat type. Om Unix overdraagbaar te maken werd het zoveel mogelijk herschreven in C. Eind 1973 werd het eerste Die begint in 1964 met de ont‐ in C geschreven Unix‐systeem gepubliceerd als editie 4. wikkeling van het besturingssys‐ teem Multics, de MULTiplexed Bijzonder aan de eerste Unix‐edities was dat de broncode, Information and Computing Ser‐ onder een gratis licentie, met het systeem meegeleverd vice, door MIT, General Electric werd. Daarmee was het min of meer de eerste open‐source en AT&T Bell Telephone Labora‐ software. Dat kwam omdat het AT&T op basis van een ge‐ tories (BTL). Dit was ontworpen rechtelijk vonnis in een antitrustzaak uit 1956 niet toege‐ als een time‐sharing besturings‐ staan was om computerproducten op de markt te brengen. systeem dat een eind moest ma‐ Zowel de overheid, commerciële bedrijven als universiteiten ken aan het probleem dat com‐ kregen zo de beschikking over een gratis licentie voor Unix puters tot dan maar één pro‐ met broncode, en ontwikkelden eigen varianten die elkaar gramma tegelijkertijd konden uitvoeren. Het moest tot weer bevruchtten. De belangrijkste Unices werden System V duizend gebruikers tegelijkertijd kunnen bedienen. Boven‐ van AT&T en de Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) van dien zou het modulair worden opgezet, zodat een module Unix, die aan de Universiteit of California te Berkeley ont‐ met een bepaalde taak gemakkelijk kon worden vervangen wikkeld was. -
THE Advancedlinux
THE advanced linux POCKETBOOK This Pocketbook is for Advanced users of Linux. If you find the information over your head, we recommend that Editorial you look at the 2003 Edition Linux Pocketbook, which can be found on last month’s cover CD. If you missed out, Hello and welcome to the 2003 Edition of the Advanced Linux Pocketbook. Last month we gave you the updated Linux Pocketbook, so by now you should be an old then don’t worry... we can help you! Call 136 116 or visit hand when it comes to the basics; installing software, configuring settings, and www.magshop.com.au to order your back issue for connecting to other machines. You should be at least savvy when it comes to the command line, even if you can’t do much more than manipulate files. Grep should $9.80 + $6.50 for postage within Australia. be in your bag of tricks, and your fingers should gravitate to the ‘l’ and ‘s’ keys automatically when you sit idle at the console. If you’re keen to learn how to make the most out of Linux, you’re in the right place. While the first book dealt with how May the source be with you! to get Linux up and running on your system, this Advanced Pocketbook develops your skills from there. Remember back to when you installed your first Linux distribution and looked up to the geeks that seemed to know so much more about this obscure yet powerful operating system. They dazzled you with talk of Python scripts, pages built using PHPNuke, and staying up late at night, fuelled by litres of Jolt cola, to recompile their kernels. -
Linux Journal | System Administration Special Issue | 2009
Cfengine VNC Billix Zenoss Thin Clients MySQL Heartbeat ™ SPECIAL SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ISSUE Since 1994: The Original Magazine of the Linux Community 2009 | Supplement Issue | www.linuxjournal.com MAY THE SOURCE BE WITH YOU Billix: the Sysadmin Toolkit for Your Pocket Authentication with Fedora Directory Server Remote Desktop Administration with OpenSSH or VNC Manage Configuration Files with Cfengine Setting Up a PXE Boot Server Network Monitoring with Zenoss SPECIAL SYSTEM CONTENTS ADMINISTRATION ISSUE 5 SPECIAL_ISSUE.TAR.GZ 26 PXE MAGIC: FLEXIBLE System Administration: Instant NETWORK BOOTING WITH Gratification Edition MENUS Shawn Powers What if you never had to carry around an install or rescue CD 6 CFENGINE FOR again? Set up a PXE boot server ENTERPRISE with menus and put them all on CONFIGURATION the network. MANAGEMENT Kyle Rankin How to use cfengine to manage configuration files across large 30 CREATING VPNS WITH 17 ZENOSS numbers of machines. IPSEC AND SSL/TLS Scott Lackey The two most common and current techniques for creating VPNs. 10 SECURED REMOTE Rami Rosen Linux Journal DESKTOP/APPLICATION SESSIONS 34 MYSQL 5 STORED 2009 Lineup Different ways to control a Linux PROCEDURES: RELIC OR system over a network. REVOLUTION? JANUARY Mick Bauer Do MySQL 5 Stored Procedures Security produce tiers of joy or sorrow? FEBRUARY Guy Harrison Web Development 38 GETTING STARTED WITH MARCH Desktop HEARTBEAT Availability in a heartbeat. APRIL Daniel Bartholomew System Administration 14 BILLIX: A SYSADMIN’S MAY SWISS ARMY KNIFE 42 FEDORA DIRECTORY Cool Projects SERVER: THE EVOLUTION Build a toolbox in your pocket by JUNE installing Billix on that spare USB key. -
Fedora Core Works--Without the Fluff That Bogs Down Other Books and Help/How-To Web Sites
Fedora Linux By Chris Tyler ............................................... Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: October 01, 2006 ISBN-10: 0-596-52682-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-596-52682-5 Pages: 504 Table of Contents | Index "Neither a "Starting Linux" book nor a dry reference manual, this book has a lot to offer to those coming to Fedora from other operating systems or distros." -- Behdad Esfahbod, Fedora developer This book will get you up to speed quickly on Fedora Linux, a securely-designed Linux distribution that includes a massive selection of free software packages. Fedora is hardened out-of-the-box, it's easy to install, and extensively customizable - and this book shows you how to make Fedora work for you. Fedora Linux: A Complete Guide to Red Hat's Community Distribution will take you deep into essential Fedora tasks and activities by presenting them in easy-to-learn modules. From installation and configuration through advanced topics such as administration, security, and virtualization, this book captures the important details of how Fedora Core works--without the fluff that bogs down other books and help/how-to web sites. Instead, you can learn from a concise task-based approach to using Fedora as both a desktop and server operating system. In this book, you'll learn how to: Install Fedora and perform basic administrative tasks Configure the KDE and GNOME desktops Get power management working on your notebook computer and hop on a wired or wireless network Find, install, and update any of the thousands of packages available for Fedora Perform backups, increase reliability with RAID, and manage your disks with logical volumes Set up a server with file sharing, DNS, DHCP, email, a Web server, and more Work with Fedora's security features including SELinux, PAM, and Access Control Lists (ACLs) Whether you are running the stable version of Fedora Core or bleeding-edge Rawhide releases, this book has something for every level of user. -
Spacewalk 2.4 for Oracle® Linux Concepts and Getting Started Guide
Spacewalk 2.4 for Oracle® Linux Concepts and Getting Started Guide E71709-03 January 2017 Oracle Legal Notices Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. -
Administración Servidores Linux Paso a Paso
1 Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica – Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Administración Servidores Linux Paso a Paso Configuración Servidor Multifunción + Vmware Server 2 (Ver. 1.3) Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería – Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica - INFOUNI Centro de Cómputo INFOUNI 2 Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica – Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Administración Servidores Linux Paso a Paso L. Muga Linux Registered User # 487284 Versión 1.3 Software: Debian 4 Linux, Debian 5 Linux, VMware Server 2.0. Bajo Licencia Creative Commons: Reconocimiento - No comercial 2.5 Perú Usted es libre de: Copiar, Distribuir, Comunicar públicamente la obra y realizar Obras Derivadas bajo las condiciones siguientes: Reconocimiento: Debe reconocer los créditos de la obra de la manera especificada por el autor o licenciante. No comercial: No puede utilizar esta obra para fines comerciales. Alguna de estas condiciones puede no aplicarse si se obtiene el permiso del titular de los derechos de autor. Nada en esta licencia menoscaba o restringe los derechos morales del autor. Windows XP, el logotipo de Windows y VMware son marcas registradas de Microsoft Corporation y VMware Inc. Composición: OpenOffice Versiones: Versión 1.3 : Revisión ortográfica, edición de capítulos anteriores, publicación de capítulo 18 Versión 1.2 : Revisión ortográfica, edición de capítulos anteriores, publicación de capítulos 15, 16 y 17. Versión 1.1 : Revisión ortográfica, publicación de capítulo 14. Versión 1.0 : Publicación del manual. Puede encontrar la última versión del manual en la siguiente dirección: http://issuu.com/nemesisx666. Centro de Cómputo INFOUNI 3 Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica – Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Indice General 1. Instalación y configuración de un servidor multifunción 5 1.1 Requisitos de hardware 1.2 Instalando Debian Etch y Actualización a Lenny 1.3 Instalando Debian Lenny 1.4 Antes de empezar 1.5 Configuración de red 1.6 Configuración básica de repositorios 1.7 Instalación de paquetes 1.8 Paquetes para el desarrollo del manual 2. -
Debian 1 Debian
Debian 1 Debian Debian Part of the Unix-like family Debian 7.0 (Wheezy) with GNOME 3 Company / developer Debian Project Working state Current Source model Open-source Initial release September 15, 1993 [1] Latest release 7.5 (Wheezy) (April 26, 2014) [±] [2] Latest preview 8.0 (Jessie) (perpetual beta) [±] Available in 73 languages Update method APT (several front-ends available) Package manager dpkg Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC, SPARC, ARM, MIPS, S390 Kernel type Monolithic: Linux, kFreeBSD Micro: Hurd (unofficial) Userland GNU Default user interface GNOME License Free software (mainly GPL). Proprietary software in a non-default area. [3] Official website www.debian.org Debian (/ˈdɛbiən/) is an operating system composed of free software mostly carrying the GNU General Public License, and developed by an Internet collaboration of volunteers aligned with the Debian Project. It is one of the most popular Linux distributions for personal computers and network servers, and has been used as a base for other Linux distributions. Debian 2 Debian was announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock, and the first stable release was made in 1996. The development is carried out by a team of volunteers guided by a project leader and three foundational documents. New distributions are updated continually and the next candidate is released after a time-based freeze. As one of the earliest distributions in Linux's history, Debian was envisioned to be developed openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU. This vision drew the attention and support of the Free Software Foundation, who sponsored the project for the first part of its life. -
Foot Prints Feel the Freedom of Fedora!
The Fedora Project: Foot Prints Feel The Freedom of Fedora! RRaahhuull SSuunnddaarraamm SSuunnddaarraamm@@ffeeddoorraapprroojjeecctt..oorrgg FFrreeee ((aass iinn ssppeeeecchh aanndd bbeeeerr)) AAddvviiccee 101011:: KKeeeepp iitt iinntteerraaccttiivvee!! Credit: Based on previous Fedora presentations from Red Hat and various community members. Using the age old wisdom and Indian, Free software tradition of standing on the shoulders of giants. Who the heck is Rahul? ( my favorite part of this presentation) ✔ Self elected Fedora project monkey and noisemaker ✔ Fedora Project Board Member ✔ Fedora Ambassadors steering committee member. ✔ Fedora Ambassador for India.. ✔ Editor for Fedora weekly reports. ✔ Fedora Websites, Documentation and Bug Triaging projects volunteer and miscellaneous few grunt work. Agenda ● Red Hat Linux to Fedora & RHEL - Why? ● What is Fedora ? ● What is the Fedora Project ? ● Who is behind the Fedora Project ? ● Primary Principles. ● What are the Fedora projects? ● Features, Future – Fedora Core 5 ... The beginning: Red Hat Linux 1994-2003 ● Released about every 6 months ● More stable “ .2” releases about every 18 months ● Rapid innovation ● Problems with retail channel sales model ● Impossible to support long-term ● Community Participation: ● Upstream Projects ● Beta Team / Bug Reporting The big split: Fedora and RHEL Red Hat had two separate, irreconcilable goals: ● To innovate rapidly. To provide stability for the long-term ● Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ● Stable and supported for 7 years plus. A platform for 3rd party standardization ● Free as in speech ● Fedora Project / Fedora Core ● Rapid releases of Fedora Core, every 6 months ● Space to innovate. Fedora Core in the tradition of Red Hat Linux (“ FC1 == RHL10” ) Free as in speech, free as in beer, free as in community support ● Built and sponsored by Red Hat ● ...with increased community contributions. -
Linux Certification Bible.Pdf
Turn in: .75 Board: 7.0625 .4375 VISIBLE SPINE = 1.75 .4375 Board: 7.0625 Turn in: .75 The only guide you need for Linux+ exam success . “This is the all-inclusive Linux+ guide you’ve been looking for.” You’re holding in your hands the most comprehensive and effective guide available for the CompTIA Linux+ 100% — Tim Sosbe, Editorial Director, Certification Magazine COMPREHENSIVE 100% exam. Trevor Kay delivers incisive, crystal-clear explanations of every Linux+ topic, highlighting exam- ONE HUNDRED PERCENT critical concepts and offering hands-on tips that can help you in your real-world career. Throughout, he COMPREHENSIVE Covers CompTIA Linux+ AUTHORITATIVE provides pre-tests, exam-style assessment questions, and scenario problems — everything you need to Exam XK0-001 WHAT YOU NEED master the material and pass the exam. ONE HUNDRED PERCENT Inside, you’ll find complete coverage Linux+ of Linux+ exam objectives Linux+ Master the • Get up to speed on Linux basics and understand the differences material for the between different Linux distributions CompTIA Linux+ • Tackle Linux installation, from planning to network configuration, Exam XK0-001 dual-boot systems, and upgrades Test your knowledge • Get the scoop on managing Linux disks, file systems, and with assessment processes; implementing security; and backing up your system Hundreds of unique, exam-like questions give you a random set of questions each questions and • Learn the ins and outs of configuring the X Window time you take the exam. scenario problems system and setting up a network • Find out how to establish users and groups, navigate Practice on the Linux file system, and use Linux system commands A customizable format enables state-of-the-art • Delve into troubleshooting techniques for the boot you to define test-preparation process, software, and networking your own software preferences • Get a handle on maintaining system hardware, from for question CPU and memory to peripherals presentation. -
We've Got Bugs, P
Billix | Rails | Gumstix | Zenoss | Wiimote | BUG | Quantum GIS LINUX JOURNAL ™ REVIEWED: Neuros OSD and COOL PROJECTS Cradlepoint PHS300 Since 1994: The Original Magazine of the Linux Community AUGUST 2008 | ISSUE 172 WE’VE GOT Billix | Rails Gumstix Zenoss Wiimote BUG Quantum GIS MythTV BUGs AND OTHER COOL PROJECTS TOO E-Ink + Gumstix Perfect Billix Match? Kiss Install CDs Goodbye AUGUST How To: 16 Terabytes in One Case www.linuxjournal.com 2008 $5.99US $5.99CAN 08 ISSUE Learn to Fake a Wiimote Linux 172 + UFO Landing Video Interface HOW-TO 0 09281 03102 4 AUGUST 2008 CONTENTS Issue 172 FEATURES 48 THE BUG: A LINUX-BASED HARDWARE MASHUP With the BUG, you get a GPS, camera, motion detector and accelerometer all in one hand-sized unit, and it’s completely programmable. Mike Diehl 52 BILLIX: A SYSADMIN’S SWISS ARMY KNIFE Build a toolbox in your pocket by installing Billix on that spare USB key. Bill Childers 56 FUN WITH E-INK, X AND GUMSTIX Find out how to make standard X11 apps run on an E-Ink display using a Gumstix embedded device. Jaya Kumar 62 ONE BOX. SIXTEEN TRILLION BYTES. Build your own 16 Terabyte file server with hardware RAID. Eric Pearce ON THE COVER • Neuros OSD, p. 44 • Cradlepoint PHS300, p. 42 • We've got BUGs, p. 48 • E-Ink + Gumstix—Perfect Match?, p. 56 • How To: 16 Terabytes in One Case, p. 62 • Billix—Kiss Install CDs Goodbye, p. 52 • Learn to Fake a UFO Landing Video, p. 80 • Wiimote Linux Interface How-To, p. 32 2 | august 2008 www.linuxjournal.com lj026:lj018.qxd 5/14/2008 4:00 PM Page 1 The Straight Talk People -
Linux Newbie Administrator Guide (LNAG)
1 2 Linux Newbie Administrator Guide (LNAG) Stan and Peter Klimas Feedback welcome at: LinuxNAG at gmail.com November 22, 2009 Preface LNAG License The Linux Newbie Administrator Guide (LNAG) (”The Guide”) is distributed under the Open Content Licence (http://opencontent.org/openpub/) with the following addition: THE GUIDE IS BEING INCREMENTALLY UPDATED. THEREFORE, TO PROVIDE THE BEST VALUE TO OUR READERS, UNLESS THE GUIDE HAS BEEN SUBSTANTIALLY MODIFIED BY AUTHOR(S) OTHER THAN THE ORIGINAL GUIDE AUTHORS, ANY DISTRIBUTOR SHALL DISTRIBUTE A REASONABLY RE- CENT VERSION OF THE GUIDE, I.E., ITS MOST RECENT VERSION OR A VERSION NOT OLDER THEN ONE YEAR ON THE DATE OF WEB SERVING, CD WRITING, OR HARD COPY PRINTING. THE MOST RECENT VERSION OF THE GUIDE IS AVAILABLE AT HTTP://LNAG.SOURCEFORGE.NET. THIS LICENCE MEANS THAT ANY PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE MIRROR MUST BE UPDATED AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR, IF A NEWER VERSION OF THE GUIDE IS AVAILABLE. PLEASE DO NOT CREATE A MIR- ROR IF YOU DO NOT INTEND TO UPDATE IT. All the code examples are distributed under the GNU General Public Licence (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html). The maintainers of this Guide (Stan and Peter Klimas) can be contacted by email: LinuxNAG at Gmail.com The latest version of this guide is available at http://lnag.sourceforge.net. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, 8 or later http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Acknowledgments The Linux Newbie Administrator Guide (LNAG) is hosted FREE OF CHARGE on the DotSrc.org server at Aalborg University, Denmark http://lnag.sourceforge.net. -
Openshift Virtualization Aka Container-Native Virtualization (CNV)
OpenShift virtualization Aka Container-native virtualization (CNV) Robert Bohne SR. SPECIALIST SOLUTION ARCHITECT | OPENSHIFT Twitter: @RobertBohne 1 Red Hat OpenShift and OpenShift virtualization Modernize workloads and support mixed applications consisting of VMs, containers, and serverless ● Accelerate application delivery with a single platform that can manage “mixed VMs Containers applications” with the same tools and teams Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform ● Add VMs to new and existing applications ● Modernize legacy VM applications over Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS time, or maintain them as VMs Physical machine 2 V0000000 KVM-based (containerized) VMs ● KVM is a part of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel OTHER APPS libvirt ● QEMU uses KVM to execute virtual machines QEMU ● libvirt provides a management abstraction RHEL layer KVM ● Red Hat Virtualization, Red Hat OpenStack DRIVER DRIVER DRIVER Platform, and OpenShift virtualization all leverage KVM, QEMU, and libvirt CPU/RAM STORAGE NETWORK HARDWARE 3 Containerized virtual machines ● Inherit many features and functions from Kubernetes ○ Scheduling, high availability, attach/detach resources ● Containerized virtual machines have the same limitations as non-containerized ○ CPU, RAM, etc. limitations dictated by libvirt and QEMU ○ Linux and Windows guest operating systems ● Storage ○ Use Persistent Volumes Claims (PVCs) for VM disks ○ Containerized Data Importer (CDI) import VM images ● Network ○ Inherit pod network by default 4 ○ Multus enables direct connection to external network Architectural Overview kubelet (DaemonSet) Pod VM Pod Other Pod(s) API Server virt-handler virt-launcher container 1 virt-controller libvirtd container 2 VM container n Cluster Services Nodes 5 KubeVirt ▸ Open Source, Go ▸ Initiated in 2016 by Red Hat ▸ Contributions by other companies e.g (v)GPU support by Nvidia ▸ CNCF sandbox project since 2019 ▸ Provides an API for running KVM based virtual machines in Kubernetes ▸ Goal: run those VMs alongside with containerized workloads, using the same networks / storage etc.