Filesharing Von Musiktiteln in Deutschland

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Filesharing Von Musiktiteln in Deutschland Filesharing von Musiktiteln in Deutschland: Eine Untersuchung der Motivationsgründe von Filesharern, sowie technische, geschichtliche und urheberrechtliche Aspekte des Filesharings Bachelorarbeit an der HOCHSCHULE FÜR ANGEWANDTE WISSENSCHAFTEN HAMBURG Fakultät Design, Medien, Information Studiendepartment Information vorgelegt von Alexander Dehne und Wolf Hinsch Hamburg, Juli 2009 Referentin: Prof. Dr. Ulrike Verch Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin Gennis II Abstract Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Herunterladen und Kopieren von Musikstücken im Internet, kurz Filesharing. Es werden Geschichte und technische Aspekte einer Auswahl von Filesharing- Anwendungen erläutert. Weiterhin wird die gesetzliche Rahmensituation in welcher sich das Filesharing in Deutschland bewegt behandelt. Zum Schluss wird eine Befragung von Filesharing-Nutzern zwecks Klärung der Motivationen derer durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Schlagworte Filesharing, P2P, Download, Tauschbörse, Urheberrecht III Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Abbildungsverzeichnis....................................................................VII II. Abkürzungsverzeichnis....................................................................IX III. Einleitung............................................................................................1 Kapitel I: Geschichte und Technik 1 Einleitung...........................................................................................3 2 Quellenlage........................................................................................4 3 Begriffserklärung...............................................................................6 4 Peer-to-Peer (P2P)...........................................................................15 4.1 Definition und Funktionsweise von P2P.................................15 4.2 Vor- und Nachteile von P2P....................................................17 4.3 Definitionsschwierigkeiten.....................................................17 4.4 Typen von P2P-Netzwerken...................................................18 4.4.1 Zentralisierte Netzwerke...............................................19 4.4.2 Dezentralisierte Netzwerke...........................................20 4.4.3 Hybride Netzwerke.......................................................21 5 Filesharing.......................................................................................22 5.1 Definition des Begriffes Filesharing.......................................23 5.2 Funktionsweise von Filesharing-Anwendungen.....................23 6 Beschreibung ausgewählter P2P-Netzwerke...................................25 6.1 Napster....................................................................................26 6.1.1 Geschichte von Napster.................................................26 6.1.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Napster......................30 6.1.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................32 6.2 Gnutella..................................................................................33 6.2.1 Geschichte von Gnutella...............................................33 6.2.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Gnutella....................36 6.2.2.1 Bootstrapping.......................................................36 6.2.2.2 Breadth First Search.............................................37 6.2.2.3 Ultrapeers.............................................................39 6.2.2.4 Swarming-Methode.............................................40 6.2.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................40 6.3 FastTrack................................................................................41 6.3.1 Geschichte von FastTrack.............................................41 6.3.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von FastTrack..................42 6.3.2.1 Supernodes...........................................................43 6.3.2.2 UUHash...............................................................45 6.3.2.3 Korrumpierte Downloads....................................46 6.3.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................47 6.4 Bittorrent.................................................................................48 6.4.1 Geschichte von Bittorrent.............................................48 6.4.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Bittorrent..................49 6.4.2.1 Torrents und Tracker............................................50 IV 6.4.2.2 Trackerloser Betrieb............................................54 6.4.2.3 Swarming-Methode.............................................55 6.4.2.4 Bittorrent-Terminologie.......................................56 6.4.2.5 Geringe Vorhaltezeit............................................57 6.4.3 Zusammenfassung........................................................58 6.5 eDonkey..................................................................................58 6.5.1 Geschichte von eDonkey...............................................59 6.5.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von eDonkey...................61 6.5.2.1 Fake-Server..........................................................62 6.5.2.2 Auswahl des Servers............................................63 6.5.2.3 Chunk-Methode...................................................64 6.5.2.4 Overnet................................................................64 6.5.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................65 6.6 I2P...........................................................................................66 6.6.1 Geschichte von I2P........................................................67 6.6.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von I2P............................67 6.6.2.1 Anonymität..........................................................68 6.6.2.2 Umsetzung der Anonymität.................................69 6.6.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................71 7 Beschreibung ausgewählter P2P-Clients.........................................71 7.1 Kazaa......................................................................................72 7.1.1 Geschichte von Kazaa...................................................72 7.1.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Kazaa.......................78 7.1.2.1 Bitrate Restriction................................................78 7.1.2.2 Malware...............................................................79 7.1.2.3 Kazaa Lite............................................................80 7.1.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................81 7.2 eMule......................................................................................82 7.2.1 Geschichte von eMule...................................................82 7.2.2 Kademlia.......................................................................83 7.2.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................84 7.3 Shareaza..................................................................................85 7.3.1 Geschichte von Shareaza..............................................85 7.3.2 Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Shareaza...................86 7.3.2.1 Gnutella2..............................................................87 7.3.3 Zusammenfassung.........................................................88 8 Filesharing außerhalb von P2P.........................................................88 8.1 Filehoster................................................................................89 8.1.1 Funktionsweise von Filehostern...................................89 8.1.2 Nutzen von Filehostern in der Filesharing-Szene.........91 8.1.3 Zusammenfassung........................................................93 8.2 Usenet.....................................................................................94 8.2.1 Geschichte des Usenet..................................................94 8.2.2 Funktionsweise des Usenet...........................................95 8.2.3 Nutzen des Usenet in der Filesharing-Szene................96 V 8.2.4 Zusammenfassung........................................................97 9 Abschließendes Fazit.......................................................................98 Kapitel II: Urheberrechtliche Aspekte des Filesharing 10 Einleitung....................................................................................100 11 Entwicklung des Urheberrechts..................................................103 11.1 Internationale Verträge und Richtlinien..............................104 11.1.1 Urheberrechtsverträge...............................................105 11.1.2 Richtlinie 2001/29/EG...............................................109 11.1.3 Richtlinie 2004/48/EG...............................................111 11.2 Der Erste Korb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes.........................112 11.3 Der Zweite Korb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes......................114 11.4 Der Dritte Korb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes........................115 12 Allgemeines zum Urheberrecht...................................................116 12.1 Geistiges Schaffen...............................................................119 12.2 Urheberschaft......................................................................120 12.3 Urheberpersönlichkeitsrecht...............................................121 12.4 Verwertungsrechte...............................................................123 12.5 Nutzungsrechte und das Übertragen von Rechten..............124 12.6 Veröffentlichungsrecht........................................................126
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