DOCSLIB.ORG

Somali Reconstruction and Development Programme

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DRAFT SOMALI RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME DEEPENING PEACE AND REDUCING POVERTY VOLUME I January 2008 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective 31 September 2007) Currency Unit Somali Shillings (So.Sh.) US$1.00 = 13,400 Somali Shillings Somali Shillings 1.00 = US$0.00007 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank CDD Community-Driven Development CEM Country Economic Memorandum CEO Chief Education Officer CIRR Commercial Interest Reference Rate COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CSC Civil Service Commission CSO Civil Society Organization DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration EC European Community EOD Exploded Ordnances Disposal FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FCC Federal Constitutional Commission FGM Female Genital Mutilation FMA Financial Management Agency FPENS Formal Private Education Network in Somalia FSAU Food Security Analysis Unit GAM Global Acute Malnutrition GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrolment Rate GNP Gross National Product HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ICU Islamic Courts Union IDA International Development Association IDPs Internally Displaced Persons IFC International Finance Corporation IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development IMF International Monetary Fund IWM Integrated Water Management JNA Joint Needs Assessment LAS League of Arab States MCH Mother and Child Health Centre MDG Millennium Development Goal NFE Non formal Education NGO Non-Governmental Organization i NPV Net Present Value NRM Natural Resource Management NSSP National Security and Stabilization Plan ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OPD Out-patient Department PA Procurement Agent PPP Purchasing Power Parity RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme REO Regional Education Officer SACB Somali Aid Coordination Body SAGRA Somali Agronomists Association SATG Somali Agricultural Technical Group SSA Sub-Saharan Africa SVA Somalia Veterinary Association SSS Somalia Support Secretariat TB Tuberculosis TFG Transitional Federal Government TFIs Transitional Federal Institutions TFP Transitional Federal Parliament TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNOSOM United Nations Operation in Somalia WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation UNDG United Nations Development Group ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was drafted by the Senior Technical Coordinators, David Bassiouni (UN) and Lloyd McKay (WB) and Louise Cottar (UN) The substantive role of the Somali authorities and experts is acknowledged. The 6 Cluster Leaders, Sylvia Fletcher (UN) for Governance, Security and the Rule of Law, Sibel Kulaskiz (WB) for Macroeconomic Policy Framework and Data Development, Fabio Galli (WB) for Infrastructure, Alfred Dube (UN) for Social Services and Protection of Vulnerable Groups, Jack W. van Holst Pellekaan (WB) Productive Sectors and the Environment, and Graham Farmer, Andrew Harberd and Hans Jorg-Glaser (UN) for Livelihoods and Solutions for the Displaced. The cross cutting Advisors: Mark Bradbury; Yohan Svensson and the team from Interpeace for Peace-building reconciliation, conflict prevention; Ayoo Odich and Hendrica Okondo (UN) for Gender Parity; Oumar Kane (UN) for Human Rights; Vivek Srivastava (WB) for Capacity Building & Institutional Development; Maude Svensson (WB) for costing; Asbjorn Wee (WB) for helping to develop and revise the RDP Volumes and additional RDP planning and coordination. The Joint Needs Assessment included a total of 136 experts, of whom more than half are Somali and are listed here in no particular order: Eric Overvest, Amb. Abdullahi Said Osman, Laurent Marion, Kassim Ahmed Abdulle, Greg Lindstrom, Ted Morse, Olivier Lebrun, Ambassador Abdullahi Said Osman, Tahlil Haji Ahmed, Aweis Hagi Mohamed, Laurent Marion, Fatuma M. Abdi, Aues Scek, Luigi Tessiore, Hatem Bamehriz, John McKendy, Angelo Bonfi, Thomas Hopkins, Paula Pannanen, Cynthia Gaigals, Giulio d'Ercole, Khalif Farah, Anja du Toit, Abdiweli Ali, Hussein Siad, Rose Mutunga, Erik Caldwell Johnson, Harry Garnett, Samuel Maimbo, Sharif Mohamed Hassan, Abdirizak Ismail Yusuf, Anil Bhandari, John D. Riverson, Jospath Sasia, Sajjad Versi, Abdulkadir Shiekh Ali, Rashed E. Gulaid, Mohamed Abdi Kulmie, Abdulkadir Grelle, Ahmed Sheikh Hassan, Mario Maritano, Nathalie Gomes, Joseph Koech, Asif Niazi, Yannick Guégan, Fatima Jibrill, Mumina Aden, Rene Desiderio, Raqiya Abdalla, Peter Hansen, Abdi Ulusso, Mohamed Hersi Duale, Ali Abdullahi Osoble, Ali A Hersi, Mohamoud Noor, Chris Baker, Hassan Jibril, Haji Abdi Osman, Gerry McCarthy, Mohamed Abdel-Monen, Jamal Ahmed, Mohamed Jama Ali, Ibrahim Mohamed, Allesandra Morreli, Abdulakdir Alim, Mussa Abdullahi Abdi, Kazuki Itaya, Suleyman Yusuf Elmi, Abdi Bashir, Mr. Yusuf Osman (Bile), Abdi Sahardid Askar, Saed Ismail, Jama Abdi Samater, Fadumo Sheikh Abubakar, Ahmed Hassan Afi, Samsam Mohamed Salah, Ibrahim Abdillahi Deria, Ismail Warsame, Ubah Adan, Ali Abdullah Farah, Khalif Nur Ali, Muse S. Giama, Abdirahman Salad Shire, Mohamed Said Mohamud, Mohamud Askar Jama, Eng. Abdisalad Mohamud, Sahra Sh. Abdullahi Liban, Abdi Alasow Ga'al, Nurton Sheikh Mohamed, Dahabo Omer Mohamed, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, Abdikarim Hassan Osman, Mohamed Dhunkaal Hersi, Mohamed Sheikh Mohamud, Arfon Wheliye Sultan, Ismailey Abdullahi Hassan, Abdikarim Elmi Camale, Abdiaziz Ahmed Mohamoud, Abdullahi Adan Isaakh, Ali Hussein Osman, Hassan Mohamed Warsame, Mr. Abdishakur Sh. Hassan Ahmed, Rabia Sheikh Noor, Hassan Abukar Hassan, Suleyman Abukar Ali, Abdullahi Ma'alin Yusuf, Omar Mohamed Aden, Mohamed Ali Hassan, Mohamoud Suleyman Ahmed, Abdullahi Sheikh Mohamed, Aweiss Sheikh Hussein, Abdi Rashid Mohamed Duale, Abdirahman Garad Hashi, Halima Jama Farah, Abdullahi Mohamed Issa, Abdikarim Haji Mohamed Hussen, Yusuf Moallin Amin and Shani Harris. A special acknowledgement for the UN Country Team for Somalia; the Somali donor Group; the Somalia Aid Coordination Body member, and other foras that work on Somalia The RDP would not have been completed without the Coordination Support Group, the oversight body of the JNA-RDP process, chaired by Richard Hands of the European Commission; with members including Ambassador Kiplagat and Ambassador Affey representing IGAD; Reiseal Ni Cheilleachair, & Hugh Fenton representing the NGO consortium; Max Gaylard, Eric Laroche & Genevieve Boutin representing the United Nations; Colin Bruce and Chris Lovelace representing the World Bank, Rina Kristmoen, representing Norway; David Bell, representing DFID; Ambassador Dejack; Pasqualino Procacci and Siliana Laurenti representing Italy; Linnea Ehrnst and Katarina Zinn representing Sweden, Hon. Abdrizak Hassan Osman; Hon. Hussein Elabe Fahiye, Hon. Ali A Osbole and Hon. Mohamed Ali Hamud representing the TFG; The Regional Governments and Parliaments, local authorities, traditional authorities, women¶s groups, youth groups, civil society organizations, non-governmental organizations, private sector business, and religious leaders, numerous donors and multilateral organizations, the UN Development Group are thanked for their contribution to the JNA-RDP process. The Somali Joint Needs Assessment Secretariat provided substantial daily support to the JNA-RDP process, led by Louise Cottar, with support from, Anja Du Toit, Joakim Gundel, Susan Muiruri, Nafisa Santur, and Margaret Onyango. iii PREFACE National and international actors use post conflict needs assessments as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a shared strategy for recovery and development in transitional post-conflict settings. The United Nations (UN) and the World Bank (WB) are often requested to co-lead or co-partner post conflict needs assessments (PCNA) in fragile settings with high risk of reversion to conflict, where government capacity is new and untested. The UN and WB bring into a PCNA a mix of experience, neutrality, credibility and technical expertise. In 2005, the Transitional Federal Government and the international community asked the UN and the WB to co-lead for Somalia a post conflict needs assessment, which in this instance, was named the Somali Joint Needs Assessment (JNA). The main objective of the JNA process has been to assess needs and develop a prioritized set of reconstruction and development initiatives to support Somali-led efforts to deepen peace and reduce poverty. The Somali Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) is the resultant document coming out of the JNA process. This Somali Reconstruction and Development Programme presents a shared strategy for deepening peace and reducing poverty in a post-conflict setting. In preparing it, an integrated team of Somali and other technical experts has consulted widely to review needs and develop a prioritized set of reconstruction and development initiatives. Their work has drawn on information from existing sources, workshops, selected field visits and meetings with a wide array of Somali groups and individuals, aid agencies working in Somalia, and questionnaire- based fieldwork undertaken in all regions of Somalia. Under the possibility of a ‘post-conflict’ environment, the comprehensive implementation of the Somali RDP is expected to lay solid foundations for the establishment of an effective, participatory and transparent system of governance; the achievement of sustainable recovery, reconstruction and development; reversing
Recommended publications
  • Health Research Development Planning Workshop for Strengthening the Fragile Somali Health System

    Health Research Development Planning Workshop for Strengthening the Fragile Somali Health System

    DRAFT-1 HEALTH RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT PLANNING WORKSHOP FOR STRENGTHENING THE FRAGILE SOMALI HEALTH SYSTEM Umeå, Sweden 31st October-1st November 2018 Dr Khalif Bile Mohamud 1 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 3 3. Collaborative Research’s Core Values .......................................................................................... 4 4. Objectives of the Research Plan ..................................................................................................... 4 5. Expected Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 4 6. Workshop’s Themes, Proceedings and Outcomes ........................................................................ 5 6.1. Research Planning- Theme I: Endorsing the implementation of a Five-year Research Collaborative Plan ................................................................................................................. 5 6.2. Research Planning- Theme II: Reviewing the Knowledge Gained and Lessons Learned from the 1st Batch Research Training Experience ............................................................
  • Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008

    Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008

    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION .........................................................................................
  • Somalia Terror Threat

    Somalia Terror Threat

    THECHRISTOPHER TERROR February 12, THREAT FROM THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF AL SHABAAB CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH APPENDICES AND MAPS BY KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN FEBRUARY 12, 2010 A REPORT BY THE CRITICAL THREATS PROJECT OF THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH February 12, 2010 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 IMPORTANT GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SOMALIA 3 NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS 4 INTRODUCTION 8 ORIGINS OF AL SHABAAB 10 GAINING CONTROL, GOVERNING, AND MAINTAINING CONTROL 14 AL SHABAAB’S RELATIONSHIP WITH AL QAEDA, THE GLOBAL JIHAD MOVEMENT, AND ITS GLOBAL IDEOLOGY 19 INTERNATIONAL RECRUITING AND ITS IMPACT 29 AL SHABAAB’S INTERNATIONAL THREATS 33 THREAT ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSION 35 APPENDIX A: TIMELINE OF MAJOR SECURITY EVENTS IN SOMALIA 37 APPENDIX B: MAJOR SUICIDE ATTACKS AND ASSASSINATIONS CLAIMED BY OR ATTRIBUTED TO AL SHABAAB 47 NOTES 51 Maps MAP OF THE HORN OF AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST 5 POLITICAL MAP OF SOMALIA 6 MAP OF ISLAMIST-CONTROLLED AND INFLUENCED AREAS IN SOMALIA 7 www.criticalthreats.org THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH February 12, 2010 Executive Summary hree hundred people nearly died in the skies of and assassinations. Al Shabaab’s primary objectives at TMichigan on Christmas Day, 2009 when a Niger- the time of the Ethiopian invasion appeared to be ian terrorist attempted to blow up a plane destined geographically limited to Somalia, and perhaps the for Detroit. The terrorist was an operative of an al Horn of Africa. The group’s rhetoric and behavior, Qaeda franchise based in Yemen called al Qaeda in however, have shifted over the past two years reflect- the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP).
  • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

    Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

    OHCHR Preliminary Human Rights Assessment on Somalia – Mission Report 19 July to 2 August 2008 _____________________________________________________________________ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Preliminary Human Rights Assessment on Somalia 19 July to 2 August 2008 Mission Report I. Introduction 1. From 19 July to 2 August 2008, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) undertook a preliminary human rights assessment mission on Somalia. The mission was dispatched at the request of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) of the United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) and in accordance with Human Rights Council Resolution A/HRC/RES/7/35 of 28 March 2008 (See Annex 1), requesting OHCHR to strengthen its presence in Somalia to provide technical assistance and advisory services to the relevant Somali institutions. In addition, the mission was also prompted by Security Council Resolution S/Res/1814 of 15 May 2008 (See Annex 2), requesting the Secretary-General to establish an effective capacity within UNPOS to monitor and enhance the protection of human rights in Somalia. 2. Further to these requests, in June 2008 the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in consultation with the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) through its Permanent Representative to the United Nations Office at Geneva, approved the deployment of an OHCHR mission to Somalia and the region to analyse and conduct a preliminary assessment of the current human rights challenges in Somalia with a view to formulating recommendations for steps to be taken to advance human rights protection, promotion and advocacy in the short, medium and long term.
  • Resignation of Ministers Shows Growingrift in Transitional Gov't 09:26, August 04, 2008

    Resignation of Ministers Shows Growingrift in Transitional Gov't 09:26, August 04, 2008

    Resignation of ministers shows growingrift in transitional gov't 09:26, August 04, 2008 Eleven ministers in the Somali transitional government have announced their resignation from the cabinet to protest Prime Minister Nur Hassan Hussein's sacking of Mayor of Mogadishu Mohamed Omar Habeeb without consulting them. Their resignation on Saturday showed a growing rift between President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed and the prime minister. Prime Minister Hussein fired Habeeb, who is also the governor of Banadir region, on Wednesday, citing the mayor's incompetence mismanagement, embezzlement, insubordination, and abuse of power. But Habeeb refused to leave office, saying he had the official endorsement of the president, who Habeeb said only has the final say in his sacking. Habeeb, also known as Mohamed Dheere, has been mayor and governor since his appointment by the former Somali Premier Ali Mohamed Gedi in April 2007. On Wednesday, Habeeb told the media that Somali President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, who is close ally of the mayor, was unhappy about his sacking. President Yusuf has not so far commented on the mayor's dismissal. But some reports has said the president was not pleased with it and there were also other reports saying he has reinstated the mayor. The ministers who rendered their resignation included two deputy prime ministers who also hold ministerial posts, eight ministers and one deputy minister. Reports here also have indicated that a rift has emerged between the president and the prime minister recently over a wide range of issues including the national reconciliation. It was also reported that the president was not pleased with the way the prime minister was conducting the reconciliation with the opposition.
  • Somalia: to Move Beyond the Failed State

    Somalia: to Move Beyond the Failed State

    SOMALIA: TO MOVE BEYOND THE FAILED STATE Africa Report N°147 – 23 December 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. ANOTHER FAILED TRANSITION............................................................................ 1 A. THE ETHIOPIAN GAMBIT...........................................................................................................1 B. THE TFG’S FLAWS ...................................................................................................................2 1. Structural flaws...................................................................................................................3 2. Clan dynamics ....................................................................................................................3 C. THE POWER CENTRES AND THEIR INTERNAL STRUGGLES ........................................................4 1. The presidency....................................................................................................................4 2. The prime minister..............................................................................................................5 D. THE TFG’S RECORD .................................................................................................................7 1. Reconciliation.....................................................................................................................8
  • London Conference Final Lists

    London Conference Final Lists

    WILL Somali PM’s SOMA OIL AGENDA GOING TO BE THE BEGINNING AND THE END OF FARMAAJO ADMINISTRATION? By: Abdirazak Fartaag Does Britain have a hidden agenda in the upcoming London conference? Are they taking advantage of the lack of institutions in Somalia? Britain, being a colonial master, understands that the country has been faced with progressive clan balkanization. Britain also understands that in the Somali institutions, no one expects certain standards of behaviour from others; everyone in the public sector acts on narrow self-interest. The ongoing dilemmas and obstacles to progress in both the public and private sectors are really the result of the behaviour and attitudes of the entire pool of public servants, proxy government employees, the few well- connected entrepreneurs, journalists, civil society, and the traditional leaders. They seem to understand that they are dealing with, or for that matter, managing an entire new elite (Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Hassan Ali Khaire and Mohamed A. Farmaajo) incapable of questioning anything. They also understand that Somali leaders are hardly concerned with economic policy implementation or enforcing governance benchmarks and constitutionalism. Painful as it is, corrupt British elites also understand that Somalia’s public servants, in particular, the so-called regional presidents – Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (aka “Silanyo”), Abdiweli Mohamed Ali (aka “Gas”), Ali Abdullahi Osoble (aka “Ali Amore”), Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden (aka “Sakin”), and Ahmed Mohamed Islam (aka “Madobe”) - have little affinity for the type of clan pluralistic democratic practices and respect for fundamental human rights expected of them. But it is not without basis to say that this is occurring subtly while pandering to Western countries, in particular, Britain and its lobby to gain power and prestige.
  • Report of the Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group

    Report of the Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group

    ADVANCED COPY – CONFIDENTIAL Letter dated 27 June 2012 from the members of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the Chairman of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea We have the honour to transmit herewith the report focusing on Somalia of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea in accordance with paragraph 6 (m) of Security Council resolution 2002 (2011). (Signed) Matt Bryden Coordinator Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea (Signed) Emmanuel Deisser Arms Expert (Signed) Aurélien Llorca Aviation Expert (Signed) Jörg Roofthooft Maritime Expert (Signed) Ghassan Schbley Finance Expert (Signed) Babatunde Taiwo Armed Groups Expert (Signed) Kristele Younes Humanitarian Expert ADVANCED COPY - CONFIDENTIAL 2 Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea pursuant to Security Council resolution 2002 (2011) Contents Page Abbreviations 5 Summary 6 I. Introduction 9 A. Mandate 9 B. Methodology 9 II. Acts that threaten the peace, security and stability of Somalia 11 A. Public sector financial mismanagement and corruption 11 B. Harakaat al-Shabaab al-Mujaahidiin 14 C. Al-Shabaab as a regional and international threat 15 D. Piracy and kidnap for ransom (KFR) 16 III. Violations of the general and complete arms embargo 19 A. Foreign military operations in Somalia 20 B. Private Security Companies (PSCs) 21 C. Private Maritime Security Companies/ Floating Armouries 24 D. Non-compliance 24 IV. Obstruction of Humanitarian Assistance 25 A. Denial of access 25 B. Diversion and misappropriation of humanitarian assistance 26 C. Best practices 27 V. Violations of International Humanitarian Law 27 A. Attacks on civilians 28 B.
  • [ 1953 ] Part 1 Chapter 4 Questions Concerning Non-Self-Governing

    [ 1953 ] Part 1 Chapter 4 Questions Concerning Non-Self-Governing

    IV. Questions Concerning Non-Self-Governing Territories and the International Trusteeship System A. INFORMATION ON NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES TRANSMITTED UNDER ARTICLE 73e OF THE CHARTER In accordance with General Assembly resolution Hong Kong 218(III) of 3 November 1948,1 Members respon- Jamaica Kenya Colony and Protectorate sible for the administration of Non-Self-Govern- Leeward Islands Colony ing Territories transmitted during 1953 informa- Malaya, Federation of tion under Article 73e of the Charter with respect Mauritius to the following Non-Self-Governing Territories: New Hebrides (Anglo-French Condominium) Nigeria Australia North Borneo Papua Northern Rhodesia Nyasaland Protectorate Belgium Pitcairn Island Belgian Congo St. Helena Sarawak Denmark Seychelles Greenland Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate Singapore France Swaziland Comoro Trinidad and Tobago French Equatorial Africa Uganda Protectorate French Somaliland Windward Islands French West Africa Zanzibar Protectorate Madagascar Morocco United States New Hebrides (under Anglo-French Condominium) Alaska Tunisia American Samoa Guam Netherlands Hawaii Netherlands New Guinea Puerto Rico Virgin Islands New Zealand Cook Islands On the basis of information transmitted during Niue Islands 1953, the Secretary-General, in accordance with Tokelau Islands Assembly resolution 218(III), prepared a number United Kingdom of summaries and analyses (A/2407, A/2408, Aden Colony and Protectorate A/2409, A/2410 & Add.1, A/2411 & Add.1, Bahamas A/2413 & Add.1-8, A/2414 & Add.1 & 2). 2 Barbados Basutoland Summaries and analyses were considered by the Bechuanaland Protectorate sixteen-member Committee on Information from Bermuda Non-Self-Governing Territories set up for this British Guiana 3 British Honduras purpose by General Assembly resolution 332(IV) British Solomon Islands Protectorate of 2 December 1949 and renewed by General British Somaliland Protectorate Brunei 1 Cyprus See Y.U.N., 1948-49, p.
  • Amir Calls for Stability of Gulf

    Amir Calls for Stability of Gulf

    WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 25, 2019 MUHARRAM 26, 1441 VOL.13 NO. 4748 QR 2 Fajr: 4:07 am Dhuhr: 11:26 am Asr: 2:51 pm Maghrib: 5:29 pm Isha: 6:59 pm MAIN BRANCH LULU HYPER SANAYYA ALKHOR Business 11 Sports 14 'RKD '5LQJ5RDG 6WUHHW 0 -%XLOGLQJ S Africa seeks Qatar’s Qatar’s Fares Ibrahim FINE MATAR QADEEM MANSOURA ABU HAMOUR BIN OMRAN HIGH : 37°C 1HDU$KOL%DQN $O0HHUD 3HWURO6WDWLRQ $O0HHUD expertise to develop its wins silver medal at LOW : 29°C alzamanexchange www.alzamanexchange.com 44441448 gas infrastructure Weighlifting Worlds Amir addresses UN General Assembly AMIR CALLS FOR STABILITY OF GULF ‘Dialogue based on mutual respect and lifting the unjust blockade are the means to end Gulf crisis’ QNA cal process in accordance with the NEW YORK relevant Security Council resolu- tions, in particular resolution 2216. THE Amir His Highness Sheikh “Until the Yemenis take control Tamim bin Hamad al Thani has of their affairs and apply solutions called for the stability of the Gulf they reached without foreign inter- region, saying the strategic impor- vention, we find no way except to tance of the region makes its sta- support the United Nations efforts bility a regional and international to end the war and support its UN necessity. Addressing the 74th ses- humanitarian and relief efforts.” sion of the UN General Assembly On Libya, the Amir said the lat- in New York on Tuesday, the Amir est developments are endangering reaffirmed Qatar’s firm position to the country’s national unity and keep the region safe and away from stability.
  • Land, Property, and Housing

    Land, Property, and Housing

    LAND, PROPERTY, AND HOUSING IN SOMALIA 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part A: Executive Summary 10 Part B: Introduction 14 Purpose and intended audience 14 Limitations and qualifications 16 Acknowledgments 17 Part C: Contexts 18 Section 1: Historical background 18 Chronology of key events in Somali history 18 The problem of knowledge 21 Section 2: Political background and analysis 22 Conflict dynamics and analysis 22 The political economy of war 24 Formal governance structures and their capabilities 27 “Radical localization” and decentralization 28 South central Somalia 29 Puntland 31 Somaliland 32 Traditional governance structures 33 South central Somalia 33 Puntland 34 Somaliland 34 Developing traditional structures 34 Section 3: Geographical and environmental factors 36 Suitability and use of land for various forms of agriculture 36 Environmental issues 36 Agricultural production and food security 38 Agriculture and food 38 Vulnerability to natural disasters 40 5 Section 4: Socio-economic background 40 Key statistics and indicators 40 Clans, class, and other divisions 44 Introduction and historical background 44 The civil wars and the clan system 46 Other divisions 48 Vulnerable groups 49 Introduction 49 General background 50 The major “minority” groups 51 Women 54 Introduction 54 The pre-civil war situation 55 The post-civil war situation 57 General analysis 57 Government revenues and the macroeconomic picture 59 The situation before the civil wars 59 The situation since 1991 60 Key sectors of private economy 62 Introduction 62 The effects of

  • Somalia: to Move Beyond the Failed State

    SOMALIA: TO MOVE BEYOND THE FAILED STATE Africa Report N°147 – 23 December 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. ANOTHER FAILED TRANSITION............................................................................ 1 A. THE ETHIOPIAN GAMBIT...........................................................................................................1 B. THE TFG’S FLAWS ...................................................................................................................2 1. Structural flaws...................................................................................................................3 2. Clan dynamics ....................................................................................................................3 C. THE POWER CENTRES AND THEIR INTERNAL STRUGGLES ........................................................4 1. The presidency....................................................................................................................4 2. The prime minister..............................................................................................................5 D. THE TFG’S RECORD .................................................................................................................7 1. Reconciliation.....................................................................................................................8