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Historia Powszechna DANIEL MIROSZ HISTORIA POWSZECHNA ALMANACH DAT CZĘŚĆ TRZYNASTA 2011-2021 1 OD REWOLUCJI ARABSKIEJ DO DNIA DZISIEJSZEGO Jeden z plakatów arabskiej rewolucji 2 DATY KLUCZOWE 2011-2012-ARABSKA WIOSNA LUDÓW. 2011-do dzisiaj-WOJNA DOMOWA W SYRII. 2014 – REWOLUCJA NA UKRAINIE. 2014-do dzisiaj-KONFLIKT UKRAIŃSKO-ROSYJSKI. 2019-do dzisiaj PANDEMIA COVID-19. 3 2011 Otoczenie Marsa al-Burajka przez libijskich powstańców (VII.). Zamach terrorystyczny w Norwegii: wybuch samochodu-pułapki w Oslo (8 ofiar), strzelanina na wyspie Utøya (69 zabitych), sprawcą ANDERS BEHRING BREIVIK (22.VII.). Wprowadzenie możliwości zawarcia ślubu przez pary homoseksualne w stanie Nowy Jork (VII.). Katastrofa kolejowa w Chinach w prowincji Zhejiang (33 ofiary) – (23.VII.). TRUONG TAN SANG prezydentem Wietnamu (do dzisiaj). Walki armii jemeńskiej z powstańcami Al-Kaidy w prowincji Zindżibar (VII.). Katastrofa lotnicza w Maroku (80 ofiar) – (26.VII.). Śmierć jednego z dowódców wojsk powstańczych w Libii, ABDUL FATAHA YOUNISA, zabitego przez podwładnych za rzekomą zdradę (28.VII.). 100 ofiar ataku armii syryjskiej na miasto Hama (31.VII.). Brutalne tłumienie demonstracji w Hama przez syryjską armię (2-4.VIII.). Aresztowanie byłej premier Ukrainy, JULII TYMOSZENKO w Kijowie pod zarzutem defraudacji, samobójstwo lidera polskiej partii populistycznej Samoobrona, ANDRZEJA LEPPERA w Warszawie (5.VIII.). Fala zamieszek w Londynie, Birmingham, Liverpoolu na tle socjalnym (VIII.). MANUEL PINTO DA COSTA prezydentem Wysp Świętego Tomasza i Książęca (do dzisiaj). Zestrzelenie śmigłowca CH-47 Chinook w Afganistanie przez talibów (śmierć 38 osób, w tym 17 komandosów elitarnej jednostki Navy Seals); potępienie wydarzeń w Syrii przez Ligę Arabską (7.VIII.). YINGLUCK SHINAWATRA pierwszą kobietą-premier w Tajlandii; dymisja rządu Narodowej Rady Tymczasowej w Libii; wezwanie króla Arabii Saudyjskiej, ABDULLAHA do położenia kresu przemocy w Syrii (8.VIII.). Rozpoczęcie prób morskich przez pierwszy chiński lotniskowiec „Shi Lang”; wprowadzenie nowych sankcji ekonomicznych przez USA wobec Syrii (10.VIII.). Spadki na giełdach wywołane obniżeniem wiarygodności kredytowej USA wobec możliwego załamania ekonomicznego wywołanego powiększaniem się zadłużenia (blisko 15 000 000 000 000 dolarów) – (VIII.). Zdobycie Az-Zawiji przez powstańców libijskich (13.VIII.). Pielgrzymka BENEDYKTA XVI do Hiszpanii na XXVI Światowe Dni Młodzieży w Madrycie (18-21.VIII.). Przejęcie Al-Aziziji i Zuwary przez powstańców w Libii (18-19.VIII.). TONY TAN KENG YAM prezydentem Singapuru (do dzisiaj). Początek starć w Trypolisie (20.VIII.). Ucieczka premiera Libii, AL-MAHMUDIEGO do Tunezji (22.VIII.) i jego aresztowanie (21.IX.). Wyparcie sił lojalistycznych z Trypolisu – zwycięstwo powstańców (28.VIII.). Śmierć najmłodszego syna KADDAFIEGO, CHAMISA w walkach pod Bani Walid (29.VIII.). Nagroda 1,7 mln dolarów za informację przyczyniającą się do schwytania obalonego dyktatora KADDAFIEGO (VIII.). Opuszczenie terytorium Libii przez największy konwój sił wspierających KADDAFIEGO i jego wjazd do Nigru (200-250 pojazdów) – (5.IX.). Powiązanie kursu franka szwajcarskiego z kursem euro (6.IX.). Katastrofa lotnicza w Jarosławiu (śmierć 43 osób, w tym drużyny hokejowej Lokomotiw Jarosław) – (7.IX.). Brutalne rozpędzanie manifestacji w Hims przez siły rządowe (7., 9.IX.). Osadzenie oficjalnego szefa państwa 4 libijskiego, MOHAMMADA ABDULA KASIMA AL-ZWAI przez władze powstańcze w areszcie domowym w Trypolisie (8.IX.). Ofensywa wojsk powstańczych pod Bani Walid; apel prezydenta Iranu, AHMADINEŻADA do prezydenta Syrii, ASSADA o rozpoczęcie rozmów z opozycją (9.IX.). Zatonięcie promu „MV Spice Islander I” u wybrzeży Zanzibaru (187 ofiar) – (10.IX.). 100 ofiar wybuchu rurociągu w Nairobi (12.IX.). Żądanie Ligi Arabskiej wobec Syrii o natychmiastowe położenie kresu rozlewowi krwi (13.IX.). Początek zaciętych walk o przejęcie Syrty (15.IX.). Uznanie Narodowej Rady Tymczasowej Libii przez ONZ (16.IX.). Trzęsienie ziemi w indyjskim stanie Sikkim o sile 6,9 stopni w skali Richtera (50 ofiar) – (18.IX.). Gwałtowne demonstracje w Sanie, 1000 ofiar walk (18-25.IX.). Śmierć byłego prezydenta Afganistanu, RABBANIEGO w zamachu w Kabulu (20.IX.). Osiągnięcie przez neutrina prędkości nadświetlnej podczas eksperymentu projektu OPERA, prośba o sprawdzenie prawidłowości eksperymentu (22.IX.). Pielgrzymka BENEDYKTA XVI do Niemiec (22-25.IX.). Przemówienie prezydenta Autonomii Palestyńskiej, ABBASA na forum ONZ w związku z prośbą o międzynarodowe uznanie niepodległości Palestyny; „Dzień zjednoczenia przeciw reżimowi” w miastach Syrii, wiele demonstracji; powrót prezydenta Jemenu, SALAHA do kraju, przejęcie pełni władzy (23.IX.). Śmierć lidera Al-Kaidy na Płw. Arabskim, ANWARA AL-AWLAKIEGO w wyniku amerykańskiego nalotu (30.IX.). Liczne demonstracje w Grecji wobec spodziewanego bankructwa w tym kraju (IX.). Manifestacja 130 tys. osób w Lizbonie (1.X.). Demonstracje w Nowym Jorku przeciwko bezrobociu, drożyźnie i zadłużeniu (2.X.). HELLE THORNING-SCHMIDT pierwszą kobietą-premier w Danii (3.X.). Zacięte walki o Syrtę, ostatni bastion wojsk KADDAFIEGO w Libii (3-20.X.). Zapowiedź zrzeczenia się władzy przez prezydenta Jemenu, SALAHA (8.X.). Zwycięstwo Platformy Obywatelskiej w wyborach parlamentarnych w Polsce (9.X.). Skazanie byłej premier Ukrainy, TYMOSZENKO za nadużycia na 7 lat więzienia; kryzys rządowy na Słowacji – brak wotum zaufania (11.X.). Odsłonięcie w Rosji pierwszego pomnika JANA PAWŁA II (Moskwa) – (14.X.). Początek interwencji wojsk kenijskich w Somalii po stronie rządu centralnego a przeciw islamskiemu ugrupowaniu Al-Shaabab (16.X.). Zakończenie negocjacji między Palestyną a Izraelem w sprawie wymiany izraelskiego żołnierza GILADA SZALITA za 1027 Palestyńczyków (18.X.). Zamordowanie byłego dyktatora Libii, KADDAFIEGO w okolicach Syrty (20.X.). Pierwsza rezolucja RB ONZ w sprawie Jemenu (potępienie przemocy, wezwanie do pokojowego rozwiązania konfliktu i ustąpienia prezydenta SALAHA w zamian za immunitet) – (21.X.). Zwycięstwo Partii Odrodzenia w wolnych wyborach parlamentarnych w Tunezji; trzęsienie ziemi w Turcji w prowincji Wan – śmierć 604 osób; ogłoszenie końca wojny domowej w Libii (23.X.). MICHAEL DANIEL HIGGINS prezydentem Irlandii (do dzisiaj). Szczęśliwe lądowanie „na brzuchu” Boeinga 767 Polskich Linii Lotniczych LOT na lotnisku Okęcie w Warszawie (1.XI.). Pacyfikacja Hims przez syryjskie siły 5 rządowe (2-7.XI.). Uroczyste otwarcie pierwszej nitki Gazociągu Północnego: Wyborg-Greifswald (8.XI.). FREDERICK WILLIAM PITCHER prezydentem Nauru (do dzisiaj). LUCAS DEMETRIOS PAPADIMOS nowym premierem Grecji po rezygnacji premiera PAPANDREU (11.XI.). Dymisja BERLUSCONIEGO z funkcji premiera Włoch z powodu kryzysu gospodarczego; zawieszenie Syrii w prawach członkowskich przez Ligę Arabską – zaatakowanie ambasady Arabii Saudyjskiej w Damaszku oraz konsulatów Francji i Turcji w Latakii (12.XI.). Zaprzysiężenie nowego rządu Włoch (MARIO MONTI); powołanie Tymczasowej Rady Wojskowej przez Wolną Armię Syrii w siedzibie na terytorium Turcji, sprzeciw Turcji i Ligi Państw Arabskich wobec wszelkiej interwencji w Syrii (16.XI.). Wezwanie min. spr. zagr. Francji, ALAINA JUPPE do RB ONZ w sprawie działań przeciwko władzom syryjskim; 50 tys. demonstrantów na Placu Tahrir w Kairze – wystąpienie przeciwko rządom wojskowych (18.XI.). Pielgrzymka BENEDYKTA XVI do Beninu (18-20.XI.). Schwytanie syna obalonego dyktatora Libii KADDAFIEGO – SAIFA AL-ISLAM; zamieszki w Aleksandrii (19.XI.). Aresztowanie byłego szefa wywiadu, ABDULLAHA AL-SENUSSIEGO w Libii; zwycięstwo prawicowej Partii Ludowej w wyborach parlamentarnych w Hiszpanii (20.XI.). Liczne demonstracje w Egipcie, odrzucona dymisja rządu przez wojsko (21.XI.). Porozumienie o przekazaniu władzy przez prezydenta Jemenu, SALAHA na mocy warunków przedstawionych przez Radę Współpracy Zatoki Perskiej w Rijadzie (władza przejdzie w ciągu 30 dni od podpisania układu w ręce wiceprezydenta ABD RABU MANSURA HADI, a w ciągu 90 dni odbędą się nowe wybory prezydenckie) – (23.XI.). KAMAL GANZURI desygnowany na nowego premiera Egiptu (24.XI.). Antyrządowe demonstracje w Hims (26 ofiar); tydzień nowych zamieszek w Egipcie: śmierć 41 ludzi (25.XI.). Wystrzelenie rakiety nośnej Atlas V (jej zadaniem wyniesienie na orbitę sondę i łazik Curiosity w ramach misji Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) – (26.XI.). Nieudany zamach na premiera Libii, ABD AR-RAHIMA AL-KIBA w Trypolisie; nowe sankcje Ligi Państw Arabskich wobec Syrii: wstrzymanie transakcji handlowych z władzami w Damaszku, zamrożenie kont i zakaz podróży do krajów arabskich dla członków reżimu (27.XI.). Obniżenie rangi stosunków dyplomatycznych z Wielką Brytanią przez Iran wobec wprowadzenia nowych sankcji ekonomicznych (28.XI.). Atak na ambasadę Wielkiej Brytanii w Teheranie (29.XI.). Ogłoszenie przez Turcję zawieszenia kontaktów handlowych z Syrią i zamrożenie aktywów jej rządu (30.XI.). Nowe sankcje gospodarcze Unii Europejskiej wobec Syrii (1.XII.). AŁMAZBEK ATAMBAJEW prezydentem Kirgistanu (do dzisiaj). DONALD RABINDRANAUTH RAMOTAR prezydentem Gujany (do dzisiaj). Wybory parlamentarne w Rosji – zwycięstwo prorządowej partii Jedna Rosja – 49,3% głosów poparcia (4.XII.). Zakończenie trwającego 541 dni kryzysu rządowego w Belgii, ELIO DI RUPO premierem; niewybuch w Renie – największa ewakuacja mieszkańców miasta w Niemczech od czasu II wojny światowej 6 (Koblencja) – (6.XII.). MONCEF MARZOUKI prezydentem Tunezji (do dzisiaj). Wysadzenie ropociągu w okolicach Hims przez rebeliantów (8.XII.). Sprzeciw Wielkiej Brytanii na szczycie UE w sprawie zwiększenia
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