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GIR 89 Version 2 GENERAL INFORMATION REPORT 89 BedZED – Beddington Zero Energy Development, Sutton GENERAL INFORMATION REPORT REPORT GENERAL INFORMATION 89 BEST PRACTICE PROGRAMME BEDDINGTON ZERO ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 WHY SUSTAINABILITY? 4 3 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY 6 4 BedZED – CONCEPT, DENSITY, FORM 8 5 TACKLING ENERGY ISSUES 11 6 GREEN TRAVEL PLAN 15 7 GREEN SPACE 18 8 WATER STRATEGY 20 9 MATERIALS, LABOUR AND WASTE 22 10 SUSTAINABLE LOCAL ECONOMY 24 11 CREATING A SUSTAINABLE LOCAL COMMUNITY 26 12 CONCLUSION – WAYS FORWARD 27 APPENDIX 1 – KEY INFORMATION/SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS 30 APPENDIX 2 – PARTNERS 33 APPENDIX 3 - SHORT ROTATION COPPICE REQUIREMENTS 35 REFERENCES 36 The Report is published under the Government’s Energy Efficiency Best Practice programme, the building-related aspects of which are managed by BRECSU. The views expressed in this Report are those of the authors and BioRegional. They do not necessarily represent the views of other project partners or the Government. Main cover photograph courtesy Linda Hancock BEDDINGTON ZERO ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 1 INTRODUCTION Located in the London Borough of Sutton, the Beddington Zero-Energy Development (BedZED) This Report was written is a joint initiative of the Peabody Trust and while construction was BioRegional Development Group. Their objective in progress, and is intended was to enable people to live sustainably without to provide information sacrificing a modern, urban and mobile lifestyle. to construction and For example, BedZED incorporates a Green Travel development professionals. Plan, which minimises the need to travel but Certain elements of the promotes alternative methods of transport where project may change before travelling is necessary. In the words of the completion. developers, the aim was to make sustainability View along the mews ‘easy, attractive and affordable’. Nothing in this Report This General Information Report describes the represents a description Apart from producing no net carbon dioxide (CO2) various elements featured in the scheme. The for sales purposes, nor does emissions from energy use, BedZED meets targets authors, BedZED architect Bill Dunster and Glyn it form part of any contract, across a range of environmental, social and Carter of co-developers BioRegional Development commitment or other form economic concerns: Group, aim to encourage the kind of holistic of undertaking. ■ environmental – low-energy and renewable strategies essential if architects, developers and fuel, including biomass combined heat and planners are to: power (CHP) and photovoltaics (PVs), zero ■ reconcile higher-density living with an net carbon emissions, water saving, reclaimed improved quality of life materials, Green Travel Plan, biodiversity ■ protect agricultural and green belt land from measures, and private gardens for most units urban development ■ social – mixed tenure, two-thirds affordable ■ reduce the global environmental impact of or social housing, lower fuel costs, healthy urban regeneration in the UK living centre, community facilities, sports pitch ■ support local economies and communities and ‘village square’, crèche, café ■ source good materials and energy within the ■ economic – locally sourced materials, workspace local bioregion. for local employment and enterprise, locally available renewable energy sources. The early sections discuss the issues surrounding sustainability and the background to the project. At the time of its design and construction, BedZED Section 4 onwards focuses on specific aspects of represented state-of-the-art for sustainable housing the BedZED development. Key information on the in the UK. The project won an award for overall development is shown in Appendix 1 and excellence in RIBA’s Housing Design Awards in details of the project partners are included in July 2000, two months after construction started. Appendix 2. References are shown on page 36. Pedestrian eye-view of BedZED from the main road 3 BEDDINGTON ZERO ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 2 WHY SUSTAINABILITY? LEARNING TO WORK WITH NATURAL FORCES a regional level. Waste should be processed close to LOCAL SUSTAINABILITY If human activity is to be sustainable over the long where it is generated (the proximity principle), and IN BedZED term, the natural systems can provide us with recycled locally into new resources. Importing large Local economic a model. Contrary to Tennyson’s view of nature amounts of food, fuel and other goods wastes sustainability is promoted as ‘red in tooth and claw’, natural systems are resources, contributes needlessly to global by building networks of actually based on: warming, and increases transport pollution and local suppliers, with the ■ balance between different species congestion. It may even be deemed unethical, with scheme forming a focus ■ harmony with the environment strife, scarcity and famine an ever-present reality in for local economic and ■ recirculation of nutrients and energy. exporting countries. community activity. BedZED follows this eco-system approach by TARGET DENSITIES FOR NEW BUILD Sustainable lifestyles are integrated planning that exploits the positive links IN THE UK made easy by organising between different elements. To take just one a ZED car pool (including example of this, the way in which land is fully Taking a snapshot of UK land use, we have the electric vehicles), bulk home utilised is a key innovation that has spinoff benefits following finite resources to support both the deliveries of groceries and that support affordable car-use for residents: human population and sufficient biodiversity to direct, cost-effective supply 1 by placing workspaces in the shade zone of the maintain a sustainable national ecology. of seasonal organic food dwellings, workspaces benefit from northern from local farms. It is daylight, while the housing gains from a Land use figures for 1971 (Source: Best, 1981) affordable, so there is no call southern aspect... Hectares for residents, workers and 2 ... this optimises the energy performance Arable cropland 5 666 000 neighbours to sacrifice their of high-density, mixed-use development... Total agricultural land use 11 515 000 standard of living and 3 ... while creating jobs in residents’ back yards Woodland and forest 1 115 000 quality of life to protect the (actually, under their back gardens)... Urban areas 1 646 000 environment. 4 ... therefore there is less need to travel to work Total non-agricultural 3 511 000 and less need to own a car... Brownfield sites 28 800 5 ... but people will still wish to use a vehicle now Total UK land area 23 481 800 and again, so BedZED’s car pool is planned... 6 ... allowing people who may not be able to afford a car in the first place to have access The UK currently imports about 70% of its to one. nutritional requirements, and given that our island has been cultivated by humans for Other such links flow through the scheme. millennia, it is safe to assume that most It is this integrated approach that makes the surfaces capable of producing crops are being low-energy design cost effective, thus maximising cultivated. If we also assume that existing the value of the development as a whole. woodland and forest are already required for biomass energy, wood for construction and LOCAL PRODUCTION FOR LOCAL NEEDS biodiversity, building new homes on It’s not just a question of working with nature on agricultural land cannot be sensible for a a global scale. We also need to do so on a local bioregional, locally sustainable future. New level. Especially in Britain, a fertile island with development should be restricted as far as a temperate climate that should be able to meet possible to existing brownfield sites, the needs of its population, it is possible to localise minimising use of the green belt around almost all of our activity and impacts down to existing cities and loss of agricultural land. 4 BEDDINGTON ZERO ENERGY DEVELOPMENT WHY SUSTAINABILITY? SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCES There are two kinds of resources – finite and renewable. Finite resources, such as coal, oil and minerals, will eventually run out. These we must use carefully and wisely. We must give ourselves time to find substitutes, to avoid sudden disruption that shortages bring to already volatile markets. Renewable resources include the atmosphere, water, soils, plants, livestock, and indeed we humans and our own labour. We can tap these resources, but not so much that they cannot regenerate themselves. Soils must be kept fertile, forests managed, water kept clean and the atmosphere in balance. Waste and pollution must be kept below levels at which they can harmlessly be absorbed. Other resources are based on cosmic energies – the sun’s heat and light (which drive the climate, winds and rain, and enable plants to grow), gravity, tides, and geothermal energy. There is more than enough of these to meet our needs, and we have the technology to exploit them. Furthermore, working at the local and regional levels adds immediate and tangible benefits to the long-term imperative of global sustainability. UNSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT It maximises local productivity, brings local As the world’s population rises, with aspirations by people for a higher standard employment, and reduces the leakage of wealth, of living, the strains on the environment continue to increase. and helps bring communities together with a real stake in their collective future. The opportunities Burning finite fossil fuels increases the level of greenhouse gases in the for melding environmental and economic
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