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THE ARABIC COMMENTARIES on the HIPPOCRATIC APHORISMS: ARABIC LEARNED MEDICAL DISCOURSE on WOMEN's BODIES (9Th-15Th Cent.)

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THE ARABIC COMMENTARIES on the HIPPOCRATIC APHORISMS: ARABIC LEARNED MEDICAL DISCOURSE on WOMEN's BODIES (9Th-15Th Cent.) THE ARABIC COMMENTARIES ON THE HIPPOCRATIC APHORISMS: ARABIC LEARNED MEDICAL DISCOURSE ON WOMEN'S BODIES (9th-15th cent.) A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2018 ROSALIND M. BATTEN SCHOOL OF ARTS, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 6 Declaration 7 Copyright Statement 8 Abbreviations and Apparatus 9 Acknowledgements 14 The Author 16 Dedication 17 INTRODUCTION 18 0. 1 Preliminaries: The Arabic Commentaries On The Hippocratic Aphorisms 18 0. 2 Literature Review 19 0. 3 The Corpus 28 0. 4 Methodological Framework and Research Questions 37 CHAPTER ONE THE EXEGETICAL DISCOURSE ON APH. 5. 31 40 1. 1 Purpose and Methodology 40 1. 2 The broad social and legal context of the debates on Aph. 5. 31 40 1. 3 Terminology used to denote a pregnancy and failed pregnancy: isqāt (abortion) and ḥaml (burden) 44 1. 4 Acute diseases and pregnancy in the Hippocratic-Galenic tradition 46 1. 5 The exegesis of Aph. 5. 31 in the Arabic tradition 47 1. 5. 1 Galen (tr. Ḥunayn) 47 1. 5. 2 Stephanos of Athens 50 1. 5. 3 Al-Nīlī 52 3 1. 5. 4 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq 54 1. 5. 5 Al-Sinǧārī 60 1. 5. 6 Maimonides 67 1. 5. 7 ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī 70 1. 5. 8 Ibn al-Nafīs 75 1. 5. 9 Ibn al-Quff 80 1. 5. 10 Al-Sīwāsī 90 1. 5. 11 Al-Ṭabīb’s Commentary on al-Kīšī’s Summary of the Hippocratic ‘Aphorisms’ 93 1. 5. 12 Al-Kilānī 97 1. 5. 13 Al-Manāwī 101 1. 6 Concluding Remarks 103 CHAPTER TWO THE EXEGETICAL DISCOURSE ON APH. 5. 35 109 2. 1 Scholarly debates relevant to Aph 5. 35 in the Arabic tradition 109 2. 2 The Arabic Commentaries on Aph. 5. 35 116 2. 2. 1 Galen 116 2. 2. 2 Stephanos of Athens 121 2. 2. 3 Al-Nīlī 125 2. 2. 4 Ibn Sīnā 127 2. 2. 5 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣadīq 128 2. 2. 6 Al-Sinǧārī 132 2. 2. 7 Maimonides 137 2. 2. 8 ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baġdādī 139 2. 2. 9 Ibn al-Nafīs 142 2. 2. 10 Ibn al-Quff 146 2. 2. 11 Al-Sīwāsī 162 4 2. 2. 12 ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṭabīb and al-Kīšī 165 2. 2. 13 Al-Kilānī 167 2. 2. 14 Al-Manāwī 170 2. 3 Concluding Remarks 173 CHAPTER THREE THE EXEGETICAL DISCOURSE ON APH. 5. 48 179 3. 1 The seminal debates and the female contribution to generation 179 3. 2 Key Terminology 186 3. 3 Left-Right Theory 187 3. 4 The Arabic Commentaries on Aph. 5. 48 188 3. 4. 1 Galen 188 3. 4. 2 Stephanos of Athens 192 3. 4. 3 Al-Nīlī 194 3. 4. 4 Ibn Sīnā 197 3. 4. 5 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq 198 3. 4. 6 Al-Sinǧārī 207 3. 4. 7 Maimonides 211 3. 4. 8 ʿAbd al-Laṭīf 214 3. 4. 9 Ibn al-Nafīs 218 3. 4. 10 Ibn al-Quff 222 3. 4. 11 Al-Sīwāsī 234 3. 4. 12 Al-Ṭabīb's Commentary on al-Kīšī's Summary 238 3. 4. 13 Al-Kilānī 245 3. 4. 14 Al-Manāwī 252 3. 5 Concluding Remarks 254 CONCLUSIONS 259 BIBLIOGRAPHY 268 5 Word Count 75, 620 6 Abstract This thesis will probe selected Arabic commentary material on the Hippocratic Aphorisms. The aim is, first, to shed light on the development of Arabic medical commentary; second, to draw attention to issues of continuity and change in med- ical ideas and debates; third, to shed light on wider debates about women and medicine in the medieval world. Due to limitations on space, the main focus is on the second point. The sample of Arabic commentary material investigated here relates to Aph. 5. 31, Aph. 5. 35 and Aph. 5. 48. The material is situated within the wider context of the Islamic scientific commentary genre. The Arabic material is taken from the preliminary online edition now available due to the culmination of the Project on the Hippocratic Aphorisms (2012–17) led by Professor Peter E. Pormann at the University of Manchester. 7 Declaration No portion of the work referred to in the thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institute of learning. 8 Copyright Statement i. The author of this thesis (including any appendices and/or schedules to this thesis) owns certain copyright or related rights in it (the "Copyright") and s/he has given the University of Manchester certain rights to use such Copyright, including for administrative purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis, either in full or in extracts and whether in hard or elec- tronic copy, may be made only in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended) and regulations issued under it or, where appropri- ate, in accordance with licensing agreements which the University has from time to time. This page must form part of any such copies made. iii. The ownership of certain Copyright, patents, designs, trade marks and other intellectual property (the "Intellectual Property") and any reproductions of copy- right works in the thesis, for example graphs and tables ("Reproductions"), which may be described in this thesis, may not be owned by the author and may be owned by third parties. Such Intellectual Property and Reproductions cannot and must not be made available for use without the prior written permission of the owner(s) of the relevant Intellectual Property and/ or Reproductions. iv. Further information on the conditions under which disclosure, publication and commercialisation of this thesis, the Copyright and any Intellectual Property and/ or Reproductions described in it may take place is available in the University IP Policy (see http://documents. manchester.ac.uk/Doculnfo.aspx?DocID=487), in any relevant Thesis restriction declarations deposited in the University Library, The University Library's regulations (see http://www.manchester.ac.uk/library/ aboutus/regulations) and in The University's policy on Presentation of Theses. 9 Abbreviations and Apparatus Aph. [Hippocrates], Aphorisms, Magdelaine (Paris thesis, 1994) (=L:4:458-610) B2 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms, MS Petermann II 233 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project)1 C6 Al-Kīšī, Means to Arrive at the Questions about the Aphorisms: MS 1072 Tibb (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) CB1 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS Ar 3802 (Ar- abic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) CMG Corpus Medicorum Graecorum DW [Hippocrates], Diseases of Women (=L:8:10-464) E8 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms, Madrid, Escurial, MS árabe 877 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) E10 Al-Manāwī, Facilitating the Understanding of a Commentary on the Aph- orisms, Madrid, Escurial MS árabe 878 G Al-Sinǧārī, Making it Easy to Arrive at an Explanation of Hippocrates' Aph- orisms, MS Ar. 1037 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) GA Aristotle, Generation of Animals (De Generatione) Peck, Arthur Leslie (1943) trans. Eng. Aristotle, Generation of Animals (Harvard Massachusetts: Har- vard University Press). 1. The manuscripts abbreviated in bold are from the collection of manuscripts relat- ing to the Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratric Aphorisms project listed at http://www.fihrist.org.uk, the online catalogue (fihrist). The metadata cited there was contributed by Peter Pormann and his team (University of Manchester: 2012-2017). 10 Arabic version GA = Brugman and Drossaart Lulofs (eds.) (1971) Aristotle, The Generation of Animals, the Arabic Translation commonly ascribed to Yaḥyā Ibn al-Baṭrīq H Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS Arab. SM 4272 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) HA Aristotle, History of Animals (Historia Animalium) Balme, David, M. (ed. and trans.) (1991) Aristotle, HA, Books VII–X (Cambridge: Harvard University Press) Arabic version (HA) Ṭibaʾ al-ḥayawān Badawī (ed.) (1977). K Kühn (Leipzig 1821-1823) Galeni Opera Omnia, 20 vols., (Leipzig) L Littré (1839-1961) Oeuvres complètes d'Hippocrate, 10 vols, Paris: Baillières L5 Ibn al-Quff, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS Or. 1348 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) L6 Al-Kilānī, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS Or. 5939 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) Ma Al-Kilānī, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS 37 (Arabic Com- mentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) M1 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms, MS OL 7785/66 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) OX1 Al-Nīlī, An Abridgement of the Commentary by Galen on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates: MS. Huntington 359 (Bodleian Library, Oxford University) P2 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS arabe 2838 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) P3 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS arabe 2839 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) P4 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS arabe 2840 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) 11 Q Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) Qānūn fī ṭ-ṭibb, (The Canon) 3 vols, Būlāq, 1294/1877. S2 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS 3527 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) S5 al-Kīšī, Means to Arrive at the Questions about the Aphorisms: MS Agas- ofya 3670 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) Th4 Ibn al-Quff: Ibn al-Quff's Commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS 1895 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) UP Galen, On the Utility of the Parts V1 Ibn ʾAbī Ṣādiq, Commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms: MS 2508 (Veliyed- din Efendi) (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) V4 Al-Sīwāsī, Support of the Paragons to Comment on the Aphorisms: MS Veliyeddin Efendi 2509/2 (Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms project) W Al-Sinǧārī: Making It Easy to Arrive at an Explanation of Hippocrates' Aphorisms: MS Or.
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